2022届高三英语语法复习备考特殊句式专题课件(15张ppt)
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| 名称 | 2022届高三英语语法复习备考特殊句式专题课件(15张ppt) |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 98.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2022-03-23 18:56:50 | ||
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(共15张PPT)
特殊句式
考点一 省略和强调
强调句基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...+句子剩余部分（强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只能用that）
一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分+that/who...？
强调句
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...？
“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until+词/短语/从句+that...（注意时态）
It is/was not...but...+that/who...判断方法：去掉It is/was和that/who之后是一个完整的句子则为强调句。
Eg.It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到来到这儿我才意识到，这个地方之所以闻名不仅是因为它的美丽，还因为它的天气。
状语从句的省略
(1)当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Eg.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他将别无选择。
(2)so/not构成替代省略
英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,so/not多跟在I’m afraid/ I hope/ I think/ I guess/ I believe等开头的答句中。
—Do you think it will rain
——你认为会下雨吗
—I hope so/not.
——我希望下/ 不下。
if so、if any、if possible、if necessary、if not等已看作固定搭配。
If (it is) necessary,ask Mr Wang to help you.
如果有必要的话,找王先生帮你。
Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected.
如果有什么错误,就应该改正。
注意
在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词（短语）, 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。
but用作介词，意为“除……之外”且前面有实义动词do, 后接不定式时，常省略不定式符号to；但前面没有实义动词do，后接不定式时不省略不定式符号to。
不定式的省略
考点二 倒装
完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语（here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等）置于句首，且主语为名词时。
Here comes the bus.
公交车来了。
In rushed the angry man.
那个生气的男人冲了进来。
In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden.
学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。
部分倒装
1.否定副词（never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等）或表示否定意义的介词短语（at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等）置于句首时
Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent.
他以前很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。
2.“only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要用部分倒装。
Only then did he realise that he had lost his way.
直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。
3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。
(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.
当一个国家的财富增加时,它排放的温室气体也在增加。
(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
I don’t know who he is,nor do I want to know.
我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。
(3)在such/so...that...结构中,“so/such+被修饰词”位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others.
他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。
(4)not until...位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Not until my son had entered the university did he realise the importance of time.
直到我儿子上了大学他才意识到时间的重要性。
(5)在hardly...when.../no sooner...than...结构中,hardly/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.
她一坐下就听到有人敲门。
No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain.
她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。
(6)as/though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首构成部分倒装。
Pretty as/though she is,she is not proud.
尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。
Try as he would,he might fail again.
尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。
单数可数名词表语提前时,省略其前的不定冠词。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多。
考点三 感叹句
（1）What＋a/an＋adj.+单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
（2）What＋adj.+不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
（1）How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
（2） How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
（3） How＋adj./adv.！
Eg.What a strange plant（＝How strange a plant）! I’ve never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。
考点四 祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you（常省略）。其否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t或never。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业
考点五 There Be句型
there be句型中的be有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用，并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。
Eg.There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我们国家有了很多巨大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫
there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense （in） doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need （for sb.） to do sth.（某人）没有必要做某事。
There is （no） difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事（没）有困难。
There is （no） possibility of （doing） sth./that...（做）某事（没）有可能性。
小试牛刀
1.The professor warned the students that on no account . they use mobile phones in his class.
should
2. it not for the support of the teachers , the student could not overcome her difficulty.
Were
3.If you don’t go to the museum tomorrow , nor I.
will
4.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
and
5.The man came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. dangerous a scene it was!
How
6.It is only when you nearly lose someone you will fully realise how much you value him.
that
7. Is it he or you __________are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually
that/who
8. It was because of the bad weather______ the football match had to be put off.
that
9. (follow) the instructions on the packet when you take the medicine,and the medicine,I think,will work soon.
Follow
10.When (take) exams,we all try our best to get good results.
taking
语法填空
[2021江苏南京、盐城高三一模]阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In modern society, many traditional Chinese festivals are becoming less and less popular. However, they are important part of Chinese culture, and it’s our1. .（responsible） to protect and maintain them. This article focuses on a festival that many people are not familiar with—Hanshi Festival.
With a history of more than 2,600 years, Hanshi Festival is the only traditional one in China named2. . food, and it is also known as the Cold Food Festival as people are only allowed to eat cold food on this day. Hanshi normally 3. .（fall） around April 3 in the solar calendar, one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival.
responsibility
after
falls
In most parts of China, fires might start easily in the dry early spring due to the flammable substances 4. .（store） by people and the spring thunder. As a result, the ancients usually held grand ceremonies of sacrifice in 5. . the fire stored from the previous year would be put out. Later, they would drill wood to get new fire for a new year. The gap between putting out old fire and 6. .（burn） the wood to obtain new fire ranged from three, five to seven days according to different 7. .（history） records.
During the gap days, fire 8. .（prohibit） in households. As a result, people would eat what they had prepared previously, namely the cold food, or hanshi in Chinese. That’s 9. .the Hanshi Festival gradually came into being.
stored
which
burning
historical
was prohibited
how
As the Hanshi Festival is one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival, they gradually got combined with one another. After the Song Dynasty, cold food did not remain a necessity on this day, and gradually, the Qingming Festival took over the folk activities of Hanshi 10. .（become） a major festival on this subject.
to become
Thanks
特殊句式
考点一 省略和强调
强调句基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分+that/who...+句子剩余部分（强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只能用that）
一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋被强调部分+that/who...？
强调句
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...？
“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until+词/短语/从句+that...（注意时态）
It is/was not...but...+that/who...判断方法：去掉It is/was和that/who之后是一个完整的句子则为强调句。
Eg.It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.直到来到这儿我才意识到，这个地方之所以闻名不仅是因为它的美丽，还因为它的天气。
状语从句的省略
(1)当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
Eg.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他将别无选择。
(2)so/not构成替代省略
英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容,so/not多跟在I’m afraid/ I hope/ I think/ I guess/ I believe等开头的答句中。
—Do you think it will rain
——你认为会下雨吗
—I hope so/not.
——我希望下/ 不下。
if so、if any、if possible、if necessary、if not等已看作固定搭配。
If (it is) necessary,ask Mr Wang to help you.
如果有必要的话,找王先生帮你。
Errors,if (there are) any,should be corrected.
如果有什么错误,就应该改正。
注意
在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词（短语）, 只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。
but用作介词，意为“除……之外”且前面有实义动词do, 后接不定式时，常省略不定式符号to；但前面没有实义动词do，后接不定式时不省略不定式符号to。
不定式的省略
考点二 倒装
完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语（here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等）置于句首，且主语为名词时。
Here comes the bus.
公交车来了。
In rushed the angry man.
那个生气的男人冲了进来。
In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden.
学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。
部分倒装
1.否定副词（never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等）或表示否定意义的介词短语（at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等）置于句首时
Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent.
他以前很少见过如此有天赋的孩子。
2.“only+状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时,句子或者主句要用部分倒装。
Only then did he realise that he had lost his way.
直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。
3.在以下几个固定句式结构中,句子使用部分倒装。
(1)so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
As a country’s wealth grows,so do its greenhouse gas emissions.
当一个国家的财富增加时,它排放的温室气体也在增加。
(2)neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语
I don’t know who he is,nor do I want to know.
我不知道他是谁,我也不想知道。
(3)在such/so...that...结构中,“so/such+被修饰词”位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others.
他跑得很快,远远领先于其他人。
(4)not until...位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Not until my son had entered the university did he realise the importance of time.
直到我儿子上了大学他才意识到时间的重要性。
(5)在hardly...when.../no sooner...than...结构中,hardly/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装。
Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door.
她一坐下就听到有人敲门。
No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain.
她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。
(6)as/though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首构成部分倒装。
Pretty as/though she is,she is not proud.
尽管她很漂亮,但她一点也不自负。
Try as he would,he might fail again.
尽管他还会尝试,但可能还会失败。
单数可数名词表语提前时,省略其前的不定冠词。
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
虽然他还是个孩子,但他懂得很多。
考点三 感叹句
（1）What＋a/an＋adj.+单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
（2）What＋adj.+不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
（1）How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
（2） How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
（3） How＋adj./adv.！
Eg.What a strange plant（＝How strange a plant）! I’ve never seen it before.
多么奇怪的一种植物啊！我以前从未见过。
考点四 祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you（常省略）。其否定形式一般在动词原形前加don’t或never。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业
考点五 There Be句型
there be句型中的be有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用，并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。
Eg.There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我们国家有了很多巨大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫
there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense （in） doing sth.做某事没有意义。
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need （for sb.） to do sth.（某人）没有必要做某事。
There is （no） difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth.做某事（没）有困难。
There is （no） possibility of （doing） sth./that...（做）某事（没）有可能性。
小试牛刀
1.The professor warned the students that on no account . they use mobile phones in his class.
should
2. it not for the support of the teachers , the student could not overcome her difficulty.
Were
3.If you don’t go to the museum tomorrow , nor I.
will
4.Give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
and
5.The man came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. dangerous a scene it was!
How
6.It is only when you nearly lose someone you will fully realise how much you value him.
that
7. Is it he or you __________are in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually
that/who
8. It was because of the bad weather______ the football match had to be put off.
that
9. (follow) the instructions on the packet when you take the medicine,and the medicine,I think,will work soon.
Follow
10.When (take) exams,we all try our best to get good results.
taking
语法填空
[2021江苏南京、盐城高三一模]阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In modern society, many traditional Chinese festivals are becoming less and less popular. However, they are important part of Chinese culture, and it’s our1. .（responsible） to protect and maintain them. This article focuses on a festival that many people are not familiar with—Hanshi Festival.
With a history of more than 2,600 years, Hanshi Festival is the only traditional one in China named2. . food, and it is also known as the Cold Food Festival as people are only allowed to eat cold food on this day. Hanshi normally 3. .（fall） around April 3 in the solar calendar, one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival.
responsibility
after
falls
In most parts of China, fires might start easily in the dry early spring due to the flammable substances 4. .（store） by people and the spring thunder. As a result, the ancients usually held grand ceremonies of sacrifice in 5. . the fire stored from the previous year would be put out. Later, they would drill wood to get new fire for a new year. The gap between putting out old fire and 6. .（burn） the wood to obtain new fire ranged from three, five to seven days according to different 7. .（history） records.
During the gap days, fire 8. .（prohibit） in households. As a result, people would eat what they had prepared previously, namely the cold food, or hanshi in Chinese. That’s 9. .the Hanshi Festival gradually came into being.
stored
which
burning
historical
was prohibited
how
As the Hanshi Festival is one to two days ahead of the Qingming Festival, they gradually got combined with one another. After the Song Dynasty, cold food did not remain a necessity on this day, and gradually, the Qingming Festival took over the folk activities of Hanshi 10. .（become） a major festival on this subject.
to become
Thanks