高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册单元测试AB卷Unit4 Space Exploration基础夯实A卷（无听力版，含答案和解析）
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| 名称 | 高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册单元测试AB卷Unit4 Space Exploration基础夯实A卷（无听力版，含答案和解析） |  | |
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2021-2022学年高一英语人教版（2019）必修第三册
单元测试AB卷Unit 4 Space Exploration 基础夯实A卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do women make BETTER astronauts Russia locks an all-female crew in a space simulator(太空模拟器) for eight days to find out. Six Russian women have been sent into a spaceship to begin a unique experiment testing how an all-female crew would relate to others on a trip to the Moon and back.
"It's interesting for us to see what is special about the way a female crew communicates," said Sergei Ponomaryov, the experiment's leader. "It will be particularly interesting in terms of psychology," said the institute's director Igor Ushakov. "I'd like to wish you a lack of conflicts, even though they say that in one kitchen, two housewives find it hard to live together," he added.
The volunteers include scientific researchers, a doctor and a psychologist. The test period simulates(模仿) a flight to the Moon and back, with the women carrying out 10 experiments covering psychology and human biology. Russia sent the first woman into space, Valentina Tereshkova, in 1963 but has fallen behind since. Last year, it sent its fourth female astronaut into space, Yelena Serova. Serova complained of a great deal of media interest in how she would wash her hair aboard the International Space Station, pointing out that male astronauts did not face the same line of questioning.
The women found themselves fielding questions at a press conference about how they would act without men or makeup for eight days. "We are very beautiful without makeup," said participant Darya Komissarova. Her colleague Anna Kussmaul was more direct: "We are doing work. When you’re doing your work, you don't think about men and women." They plan to spend their 11/2 hours per day of free time watching films, reading and playing board games. Team leader Yelena Luchnitskaya said she expected the women to deal with any conflict.
(1) In which column can you find this passage on a website
A.Education. B.Entertainment.
C.Science. D.Economy.
(2) Whafs the purpose of the experiment
A.To show that women can do better than men.
B.To test whether women can be good astronauts.
C.To gather information about the conditions in space.
D.To measure the distance from the earth to the moon.
(3) What do we know from what Igor Ushakov said
A.Women cannot live peacefully in space at all.
B.There may be conflicts among the women astronauts.
C.The female crew will deal with each other in a new way.
D.Being in the same kitchen helps the women live together.
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However,Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem,but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the. shape of an ellipse(椭圆).
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what the comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it. for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honour.
1.Halley made his discovery _________.
A.by doing experiments B.by means of his own careful observation
C.by using the work of other scientists D.by chance
2.Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year ________.
A.1704 B.1705 C.1706 D.1707
3.This passage in general is about __________.
A.Halley and other scientists B.the orbit of a comet
C.Newton and Halley D.Halley and his discovery
4.Which of the following is TRUE
A.Newton was a famous mathematician.
B.Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C.Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
D.The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
C
“Hello,Earth! Can you hear me ” That’s the voice more than 400,000 people received recently. It was from Philae, a space vehicle that landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions(传送信号) back home went silent since then.
It took a long time for Philae to make its way across the solar system and reach comet 67P/CG. The space vehicle got there aboard the Rosetta probe(探测器), which has been circling around the comet since Philae separated from it in November, 2014.
Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition. And for about two and a half days after landing, it did just that,sending the information back to scientists on Earth. But Philae's landing on the comet's icy surface had not been smooth. While touching down, it jumped up and ended up in the shadow of something like a huge rock. Philae runs on solar power, but there was no light in the place where it landed. In the end lit failed to work.
However, as comet 67F/CG moved closer to the Sun, more sunlight reached the space vehicle, allowing it to power up and come back online. Philae then sent something to Rosetta,which passed on the information back to Earth.
"We only received the information for about 85 seconds, but that's enough to let us know it is alive and well," says Stephan Ulamec, who works for the European Space Agency. "We hope to work out where it landed exactly on the 4-kilometre-wide comet. Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions."
1.Hearing Philae's voice, those people must have felt __________.
A.afraid B.calm C.excited D.worried
2.According to the text, Philae ___________.
A.was damaged when it landed B.moved around comet 67P/CG
C.needs light and gas to keep working D.helps scientists learn about a comet
3.What Stephan says in the text suggests that _________.
A.Rosetta will move around another comet B.Philae will continue to work for scientists
C.most comets are as wide as four kilometres D.he wonders whether Philae is still alive
4.What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A.A sleeping space vehicle wakes up. B.It is very dangerous to travel in space.
C.A new comet was discovered recently. D.Philae was sent into space successfully.
D
A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand —not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.
NASA, the American space agency,said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, "It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖)."
The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘)on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry .this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.
"I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history," Meyer said. “As long as that’s true,we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden."
NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.
1.What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study
A.A lot of little life. B.An amount of water. C.Some Martian hills. D.Dark markings are sand.
2.When do the markings come out
A.In Martian spring. B.In Martian summer. C.In Martian autumn. D.In Martian winter.
3.What's Meyer's opinion about having life on Mars
A.Doubtful. B.Trustful. C.Indifferent. D.Objective.
4.What does the underlined word “cryptic ” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Undiscovered B.Strange. C.Magical. D.Icy.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I work as a meteorologist(气象学家) in Tampa, Florida. It’s my job to follow hurricanes(飓风) and provide information about them to scientists.
I was working for the National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995,and I saw a dorumentary, called Stormchasers with my family. ①___________ Two months later I came across an ad for a meteorologist to work in Florida. I was interviewed over the phone, moved to the US, and started to work here in Tampa in May 1996.
②___________ I have been all over the world hunting hurricanes. It's exciting to end up in different cities and different countries day after day. If you are a meteorologist, you have to love flying. I also love working with top scientists. ③___________ For me, it’s like a classroom in the sky.
People often ask me what an average day is like. In fact, there’s no such thing as an average day in my job! ④___________ We often take off at a moment's notice to hunt storms.
Next, I would like to join a space programme and be the first meteorologist in space. ⑤___________ There aren’t any hurricanes!
If you also want to be a meteorologist, study maths and science and get a degree in meteorology. I have taken the hurricane hunter path, but you could do research.
A. I have learnt so much from them.
B. What I like most about my job is the travel.
C. It's a wonderful job and the pay is pretty good.
D. It all depends on the weather, and you can’t control that.
E. However, I haven’t come up with an experiment to do in space yet.
F. Because of the job, I'm away from my family who all live in the UK.
G. It was about hurricane hunters and I thought, "Wow, that's an interesting job! "
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tom came from France. It was his first visit to England, and he was looking forward to his first journey on London’s Underground Railway. And against his friends’ 1 , he was determined to travel 2 .
He entered the station shortly after five o'clock in the afternoon. This is a 3 time to travel in London, 4 crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He 5 to join a long line of people waiting for tickets. When at last his 6 came,he had some difficulty in making himself understood by the ticket seller. 7 , he got the right ticket in the end and by asking people the way,he also found the right platform (月台). It was 8 with people.
Unfortunately,he did not 9 to get on the first train,but he was able to move nearer to the platform so as to be in a better 10 to get on the next one. When this train came in, Tom was 11 forward onto the train by the push of people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off. He was unable to see the 12 of the stations where the train 13 but he knew that the station he wanted was the sixth stop along the line. When the train reached the sixth station, Tom got off, feeling 14 that his journey had been so easy. But he suddenly realized that he had come to a station he had never 15 . He explained his trouble to a man who was standing on the platform. With a smile on his face, he told Tom that he had caught a train going in the opposite(相反的) direction.
1.A.thought B.advice C.relation D.favour
2.A.along B.abroad C.alone D.away
3.A.short B.terrible C.possible D.certain
4.A.but B.and C.so D.because
5.A.planned B.hoped C.expected D.had
6.A.turn B.time C.chance D.luck
7.A.Besides B.Instead C.However D.Hopefully
8.A.seized B.caught C.covered D.crowded
9.A.agree B.try C.manage D.expect
10.A.position B.state C.situation D.seat
11.A.swept B.fought C.took D.brought
12.A.signs B.names C.points D.numbers
13.A.left B.moved C.started D.stopped
14.A.sick B.pleased C.sorry D.tired
15.A.talked about B.heard of C.thought of D.arrived at
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China sent up its second space laboratory, the Tiangong 2,on Thursday night, which will become the country's ①_______ (large) scientific platform in space. The lab will undergo(经历)preparations in space for about one month and will take two astronauts to the lab to enter it. ②_______ astronauts will stay inside the lab for 30 days, Strictly ③_______ (speak),the Tiangong 2 is China's first space laboratory.
Microgravity(微重力),strong radiation ④_______ extreme temperatures in space can influence research on life science, physics and new technologies, so Chinese scientists will make full use ⑤_______ the Tiangong 2 to do ⑥_______ ( experiment) that are not possible on Earth.
The Tiangong 2 has devices to test in-orbit repair technologies for China's future manned space station, ⑦_______ (plan) to be built around 2022. Moreover, each system on the space lab uses a special design, which means they can be ⑧_______ (rapid) changed or repaired in case of trouble. This is the first time that a Chinese spaceship ⑨_______ (use) the special design. The country is expected ⑩_______ (have ) the only space station after the International Space Station is retired in 2024.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
你校英文报的Astronomy栏目正在举办征文比赛, 你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知 识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿, 内容包括:
1. 参加讲座的经历;
2. 参加讲座后的心得体会。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:讲座lecture
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
Sam Watts was a 37-year-old fisherman living and working in Canada. One day, Sam planned to head out into the Pacific at 9 am and work straight through until 5 pm the next day. Joining Sam would be his crewman (船员), 24-year-old Pom Ruck.
Although Sam had been warned that a storm was coming, there was little that would keep him from going. As he sailed through the waves about 120 kilometres from land, Sam let out his three-kilometre-long fishing line. The storm was gaining strength on land but had yet to reach the men far offshore(离岸的). After a while, that changed around where he was. Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride, "Get us out of here!” Tom screamed to Sam. “Let’s go back!”
With the winds and waves kicking up, the boat began to fill with water. Sam and Tom tried to pull in the fishing line together, but the high waves filled the boat with more water, forcing Sam to make a hard decision. He cut the line, losing thousands of dollars worth of equipment and fish in the sea. He then pointed the boat towards a port five hours away. Sam then called his boss, William Fox, to report his position.
With dawn coming,Sam spotted the rise of the mountains on the horizon(地平线). He was figuring out a route through the dangerous waters when suddenly ihe motor stopped. “I couldn’t believe it,” Sam said. “We were 24 kilometres off the coast, and the motor died. " High waves raised and dropped the boat, sending the men crashing into the sides. “William, William!" Sam yelled into the radio. “If you’re coming to get me, come now!"
"We're coming!" William shouted back.
Paragraph 1:
Shortly after, the radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea. _______________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
The next morning, Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance. ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：(1).C; (2).B; (3).B
解析：(1).推理判断题。根据全文内容可知本文主要介绍了一项太空实验,所以可推知从网站的“科学”栏目中能够看到此文。
(2).细节理解题。根据第一段可知,这项实验的目的是测验女性能否成为好的宇航员。
(3).推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,Igor Ushakov提到有些人说在一个厨房里两个家庭主妇无法很好地相处,那么在太空中女宇航员在空间极其有限的情况下可能会发生冲突。由关键信息I'd like to wish you a lack of conflicts, even though they say that in one kitchen, two housewives find it hard to live together可判断。
B
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文中第三段的信息“He made a surprising discovery”可知哈雷的这个发现纯属偶然,故选D项。
2.数字计算题。末段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years lo gobefore Halley’s prediction could be tested.”告诉我们,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年,故B项正确。
3.主旨大意题。综观全文不难看出,文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现,故选D项。
4.综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出C项错误;从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷替星的轨道是椭圆形的,可排除D。正确答案为A项。
C
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段中的Philae...landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions back home went silent since then.可知,Philae于2014年着陆彗星后就失联了,所以当人们再次听到它传来的声音时一定很兴奋,故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition.可知, Philae的任务是帮助科学家了解一颗慧星的相关情况,故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由最后一段中的Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions.可知,Philae将会继续服役,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。总览全文可知,文章主要介绍了慧星着陆器Philae的一些情况。它在沉睡了好久之后醒了过来,并向地球发回了信息。
D
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知,这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季。 故选B。
3.观点态度题。根据第四段内容可推知, Meyer还是相信火星上有生命。故选B。
4.词义猜测题。根据句中的or well hidden可知,cryptic的意思是“隐藏的;没被发现的”。故选A。
第二节
答案：GBADE
解析：这是一篇记叙文。文章作者详细介绍了自己所从事的工作——飓风追逐者。
1. G 根据上文 I was working for tlie National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995, and I saw a documentary called Stormchases with family.可知,G选项(它是关于飓风追踪者的, 我想:“哇,这真是一个有趣的工作! ”)切题,该项中的It指代上文提到的纪录片。故选G项。
2. B 根据下文 I have been all over the world hunting hurricanes.可知,作者一直在世界各地追踪飓风。所以此处引出下文,B项(这份工作我最喜欢的是旅行)切题。故选B项。
3. A 根据上文 I also love working with lop scientists.可知,A 项(我从他们身上学到了很多)切题,且A项中的them指代top scientists。
4. D 根据上文 People often ask me what an average day is like. In fact, there's no such thing as an average day in my job!和下文的 We often take off at a moment’s notice to hunt storms.可知,该空承上启下,D项 (这完全取决于人气,你无法控制)切题。故选D项。
5. E 根据上文 Next,I would like to join a space programme and be the first meteorologist in space.可知,E选项(然而,我还没有想到可以在太空做的实验)切题,故选E项。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D; 5.D; 6.A; 7.C; 8.D; 9.C; 10.A; 11.A; 12.B; 13.D; 14.B; 15.B
解析：1.考查名词辨析。thought想法;advice 建议;relation关系;favour帮忙。结合上下文可知,这是Tom第一次去伦敦玩,他盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅,所以没有听朋友的建议(advice),决定单独行动。故选B。
2.考查副词辨析。along —起;abroad 在国外;alone独自;away离去。Tom盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅,所以没有听朋友的建议,决定单独(alone)行动。故选C。
3.考查形容词辨析。short短的;terrible 糟糕的;possible可能的;certain必然的。Tom在五点后上的地铁,这是一个糟糕的(terrible)出行时间,因为赶上了下班的晚高峰。故选B。
4.考查连词辨析。but但是;and并且; so因此;because因为。结合上下文可知, 下午五点不适合坐地铁,因为(because)很多人在这个时间下班回家。故选D。
5.考查动词辨析。planned计划;hoped 希望;expected期待;had不得不。因为赶上晚高峰,所以Tom不得不(have to)排长队等着买票。故选D。
6.考查名词辨析。turn轮次;time时间; chance机会;luck运气。结合上下文可知, 好不容易轮到(turn)Tom买票了,他却发现他听不懂售票员说什么。故选A。
7.考查副词辨析。Besides除此之外; Instead 反而;However 然而;Hopefully 有希望地。结合下文可知,Tom听不懂售票员说什么,然而(however)他最后还是买对票了。故选C。
8.考查词语辨析。seized逮捕;caught 抓住;covered覆盖;crowded拥挤。结合上下文可知,月台上挤满(crowded)了人,所以Tom没能上去。故选D。
9.考查动词辨析。agree同意;try尝试; manage成功(做成);expect期待。结合下文“to get on the next one” 可知,第一班地铁里挤满了人,所以Tom没有成功(manage)挤上去,要等下一班地铁。故选C。
10.考查名词辨析。position位置;state 状况;situation情况;seat座位。结合上下文可知,Tom虽然没能挤上第一班地铁,但是他往前移动了一些,这样就有了好位置(position)能挤上下一班地铁了。选A。
11.考查动词辨析。swept打扫,横扫; fought战斗;took带走;brought带来。结合上下文可知,第二班地铁来了之后, Tom直接被后面的人横扫(sweep)到车里了。故选A。
12.考查名词辨析。signs标志;names 名字;points 要点;numbers 数字。Tom 被人群挤上了车,他还没来得及科各站的名称(name),但是他知道是要去第六站。 故选B。
13.考查动词辨析。left留下;moved移动;started开始;stopped停下。结合上下文可知,Tom被人群挤上了车,他还没来得及看那些会停车(stop)地的站名。故选B。
14.考查形容词辨析。sick病的; pleased高兴的;sorry抱歉的;tired疲惫的。Tom在第六站下了车,感到很高兴(pleased),因为他的旅程是如此容易。故选B。
15.考査动词短语辨析。talked about谈论;heard of 听说;thought of 想出;arrived at到达。结合下文“he had caught a train going in the opposite direction" 可知,Tom并没有到他要去的那个站,而是到了一个没听说过(hear of)的站。故选B。
第二节
答案：①-⑤largest; The; speaking; and; of ⑥-⑩experiments; planned; rapidly; has used; to have
解析：①考查形容词最高级。由语境可知,此处应该用形容词的最高级。
②考查冠词。此处的 astronauts指的是前一句中的two astronauts,因此应该用定冠词表特指。
③考查固定用法。 strictly speaking严格地说。类似的用法常见的还有 generally speaking(一般说来), honestly speaking(诚实地说)。
④考查连词。 Microgravity, strong radiation和 extreme temperatures是并列关系,因此应该用连词and。
⑤考查介词。 make full use of充分利用。
⑥考查名词复数。根据空后定语从句的谓语are可知,设空处应该用复数形式,that引导的定语从句修饰experiments。
⑦考查非谓语动词。plan与 China's future manned space station之间是被动关系,因此应该用过去分词形式。
⑧考查副词。设空处修饰动词,因此应该用副词作状语。
⑨考查时态。 It is the first time+that从句,从句应该用现在完成时。
⑩考查非谓语动词。 be expected to do sth.被预计做某事。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
In the winter holiday, I attended a lecture on astronomy by Professor Wang in the Science and Technology Museum in our city.
In the lecture, I learned something about the solar system, an amazing world that I knew little about before. Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos, which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets. When the lecture was over, we got a chance to ask him some questions.
This valuable experience made me believe that there are still many secrets about the universe waiting to be explored. And I am determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1 :
Shortly after, I he radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea. Fear seized Tom and he was trembling, for the water had not only wet his clothes but also ruined his hope of surviving. Sam murmured, "I was warned that a storm was coming. Had it not been for my stubbornness, we would not have lost our equipment and had to face such a terrible situation. His voice gradually disappeared as waves rocked the boat, making terrifying sounds. After what seemed to be a century, a great darkness fell. Exhausted, they fell asleep.
Paragraph 2 :
The next morning,Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance. He excitedly woke Tom up. Tom rubbed his eyes and stared. Once he caught sight of the boat, he was also lit up. The chance of surviving made them regain strength and they began to shout loudly. Hie boat saw them and they went aboard. On the boat they mel William and other crew members. Although they had lost thousands of dollars, they came to understand the value of hope.
解析：
【线索梳理】
1. Driven farther out to sea, what would happen to Sam and Tom
2. Before it was dark, what did they do and how did they feel？
单元测试AB卷Unit 4 Space Exploration 基础夯实A卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Do women make BETTER astronauts Russia locks an all-female crew in a space simulator(太空模拟器) for eight days to find out. Six Russian women have been sent into a spaceship to begin a unique experiment testing how an all-female crew would relate to others on a trip to the Moon and back.
"It's interesting for us to see what is special about the way a female crew communicates," said Sergei Ponomaryov, the experiment's leader. "It will be particularly interesting in terms of psychology," said the institute's director Igor Ushakov. "I'd like to wish you a lack of conflicts, even though they say that in one kitchen, two housewives find it hard to live together," he added.
The volunteers include scientific researchers, a doctor and a psychologist. The test period simulates(模仿) a flight to the Moon and back, with the women carrying out 10 experiments covering psychology and human biology. Russia sent the first woman into space, Valentina Tereshkova, in 1963 but has fallen behind since. Last year, it sent its fourth female astronaut into space, Yelena Serova. Serova complained of a great deal of media interest in how she would wash her hair aboard the International Space Station, pointing out that male astronauts did not face the same line of questioning.
The women found themselves fielding questions at a press conference about how they would act without men or makeup for eight days. "We are very beautiful without makeup," said participant Darya Komissarova. Her colleague Anna Kussmaul was more direct: "We are doing work. When you’re doing your work, you don't think about men and women." They plan to spend their 11/2 hours per day of free time watching films, reading and playing board games. Team leader Yelena Luchnitskaya said she expected the women to deal with any conflict.
(1) In which column can you find this passage on a website
A.Education. B.Entertainment.
C.Science. D.Economy.
(2) Whafs the purpose of the experiment
A.To show that women can do better than men.
B.To test whether women can be good astronauts.
C.To gather information about the conditions in space.
D.To measure the distance from the earth to the moon.
(3) What do we know from what Igor Ushakov said
A.Women cannot live peacefully in space at all.
B.There may be conflicts among the women astronauts.
C.The female crew will deal with each other in a new way.
D.Being in the same kitchen helps the women live together.
B
Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets(彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems.
However,Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem,but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the. shape of an ellipse(椭圆).
Now Halley set to work. He figured out the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531,1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.
This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit.The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.
It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction(预言) of what the comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley’s prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it. for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honour.
1.Halley made his discovery _________.
A.by doing experiments B.by means of his own careful observation
C.by using the work of other scientists D.by chance
2.Halley made a surprising but correct prediction in the year ________.
A.1704 B.1705 C.1706 D.1707
3.This passage in general is about __________.
A.Halley and other scientists B.the orbit of a comet
C.Newton and Halley D.Halley and his discovery
4.Which of the following is TRUE
A.Newton was a famous mathematician.
B.Halley made his discovery by doing experiments.
C.Edmund Halley was an American scientist.
D.The orbit of a comet had the shape of a circle.
C
“Hello,Earth! Can you hear me ” That’s the voice more than 400,000 people received recently. It was from Philae, a space vehicle that landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions(传送信号) back home went silent since then.
It took a long time for Philae to make its way across the solar system and reach comet 67P/CG. The space vehicle got there aboard the Rosetta probe(探测器), which has been circling around the comet since Philae separated from it in November, 2014.
Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition. And for about two and a half days after landing, it did just that,sending the information back to scientists on Earth. But Philae's landing on the comet's icy surface had not been smooth. While touching down, it jumped up and ended up in the shadow of something like a huge rock. Philae runs on solar power, but there was no light in the place where it landed. In the end lit failed to work.
However, as comet 67F/CG moved closer to the Sun, more sunlight reached the space vehicle, allowing it to power up and come back online. Philae then sent something to Rosetta,which passed on the information back to Earth.
"We only received the information for about 85 seconds, but that's enough to let us know it is alive and well," says Stephan Ulamec, who works for the European Space Agency. "We hope to work out where it landed exactly on the 4-kilometre-wide comet. Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions."
1.Hearing Philae's voice, those people must have felt __________.
A.afraid B.calm C.excited D.worried
2.According to the text, Philae ___________.
A.was damaged when it landed B.moved around comet 67P/CG
C.needs light and gas to keep working D.helps scientists learn about a comet
3.What Stephan says in the text suggests that _________.
A.Rosetta will move around another comet B.Philae will continue to work for scientists
C.most comets are as wide as four kilometres D.he wonders whether Philae is still alive
4.What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A.A sleeping space vehicle wakes up. B.It is very dangerous to travel in space.
C.A new comet was discovered recently. D.Philae was sent into space successfully.
D
A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sand —not water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.
NASA, the American space agency,said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASA’s Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, "It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖)."
The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘)on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry .this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.
"I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history," Meyer said. “As long as that’s true,we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden."
NASA currently has no robotic vehicle—either on Mars or in development—with the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.
1.What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study
A.A lot of little life. B.An amount of water. C.Some Martian hills. D.Dark markings are sand.
2.When do the markings come out
A.In Martian spring. B.In Martian summer. C.In Martian autumn. D.In Martian winter.
3.What's Meyer's opinion about having life on Mars
A.Doubtful. B.Trustful. C.Indifferent. D.Objective.
4.What does the underlined word “cryptic ” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Undiscovered B.Strange. C.Magical. D.Icy.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I work as a meteorologist(气象学家) in Tampa, Florida. It’s my job to follow hurricanes(飓风) and provide information about them to scientists.
I was working for the National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995,and I saw a dorumentary, called Stormchasers with my family. ①___________ Two months later I came across an ad for a meteorologist to work in Florida. I was interviewed over the phone, moved to the US, and started to work here in Tampa in May 1996.
②___________ I have been all over the world hunting hurricanes. It's exciting to end up in different cities and different countries day after day. If you are a meteorologist, you have to love flying. I also love working with top scientists. ③___________ For me, it’s like a classroom in the sky.
People often ask me what an average day is like. In fact, there’s no such thing as an average day in my job! ④___________ We often take off at a moment's notice to hunt storms.
Next, I would like to join a space programme and be the first meteorologist in space. ⑤___________ There aren’t any hurricanes!
If you also want to be a meteorologist, study maths and science and get a degree in meteorology. I have taken the hurricane hunter path, but you could do research.
A. I have learnt so much from them.
B. What I like most about my job is the travel.
C. It's a wonderful job and the pay is pretty good.
D. It all depends on the weather, and you can’t control that.
E. However, I haven’t come up with an experiment to do in space yet.
F. Because of the job, I'm away from my family who all live in the UK.
G. It was about hurricane hunters and I thought, "Wow, that's an interesting job! "
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Tom came from France. It was his first visit to England, and he was looking forward to his first journey on London’s Underground Railway. And against his friends’ 1 , he was determined to travel 2 .
He entered the station shortly after five o'clock in the afternoon. This is a 3 time to travel in London, 4 crowds of people go home from work at this hour. He 5 to join a long line of people waiting for tickets. When at last his 6 came,he had some difficulty in making himself understood by the ticket seller. 7 , he got the right ticket in the end and by asking people the way,he also found the right platform (月台). It was 8 with people.
Unfortunately,he did not 9 to get on the first train,but he was able to move nearer to the platform so as to be in a better 10 to get on the next one. When this train came in, Tom was 11 forward onto the train by the push of people from behind. The doors closed and the train moved off. He was unable to see the 12 of the stations where the train 13 but he knew that the station he wanted was the sixth stop along the line. When the train reached the sixth station, Tom got off, feeling 14 that his journey had been so easy. But he suddenly realized that he had come to a station he had never 15 . He explained his trouble to a man who was standing on the platform. With a smile on his face, he told Tom that he had caught a train going in the opposite(相反的) direction.
1.A.thought B.advice C.relation D.favour
2.A.along B.abroad C.alone D.away
3.A.short B.terrible C.possible D.certain
4.A.but B.and C.so D.because
5.A.planned B.hoped C.expected D.had
6.A.turn B.time C.chance D.luck
7.A.Besides B.Instead C.However D.Hopefully
8.A.seized B.caught C.covered D.crowded
9.A.agree B.try C.manage D.expect
10.A.position B.state C.situation D.seat
11.A.swept B.fought C.took D.brought
12.A.signs B.names C.points D.numbers
13.A.left B.moved C.started D.stopped
14.A.sick B.pleased C.sorry D.tired
15.A.talked about B.heard of C.thought of D.arrived at
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China sent up its second space laboratory, the Tiangong 2,on Thursday night, which will become the country's ①_______ (large) scientific platform in space. The lab will undergo(经历)preparations in space for about one month and will take two astronauts to the lab to enter it. ②_______ astronauts will stay inside the lab for 30 days, Strictly ③_______ (speak),the Tiangong 2 is China's first space laboratory.
Microgravity(微重力),strong radiation ④_______ extreme temperatures in space can influence research on life science, physics and new technologies, so Chinese scientists will make full use ⑤_______ the Tiangong 2 to do ⑥_______ ( experiment) that are not possible on Earth.
The Tiangong 2 has devices to test in-orbit repair technologies for China's future manned space station, ⑦_______ (plan) to be built around 2022. Moreover, each system on the space lab uses a special design, which means they can be ⑧_______ (rapid) changed or repaired in case of trouble. This is the first time that a Chinese spaceship ⑨_______ (use) the special design. The country is expected ⑩_______ (have ) the only space station after the International Space Station is retired in 2024.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
你校英文报的Astronomy栏目正在举办征文比赛, 你寒假参加过王教授在你市科技博物馆举办的天文知 识讲座。请你根据自己的经历写一篇短文给该报投稿, 内容包括:
1. 参加讲座的经历;
2. 参加讲座后的心得体会。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:讲座lecture
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
Sam Watts was a 37-year-old fisherman living and working in Canada. One day, Sam planned to head out into the Pacific at 9 am and work straight through until 5 pm the next day. Joining Sam would be his crewman (船员), 24-year-old Pom Ruck.
Although Sam had been warned that a storm was coming, there was little that would keep him from going. As he sailed through the waves about 120 kilometres from land, Sam let out his three-kilometre-long fishing line. The storm was gaining strength on land but had yet to reach the men far offshore(离岸的). After a while, that changed around where he was. Waves rocked the small boat, which began to turn sideways like an amusement park ride, "Get us out of here!” Tom screamed to Sam. “Let’s go back!”
With the winds and waves kicking up, the boat began to fill with water. Sam and Tom tried to pull in the fishing line together, but the high waves filled the boat with more water, forcing Sam to make a hard decision. He cut the line, losing thousands of dollars worth of equipment and fish in the sea. He then pointed the boat towards a port five hours away. Sam then called his boss, William Fox, to report his position.
With dawn coming,Sam spotted the rise of the mountains on the horizon(地平线). He was figuring out a route through the dangerous waters when suddenly ihe motor stopped. “I couldn’t believe it,” Sam said. “We were 24 kilometres off the coast, and the motor died. " High waves raised and dropped the boat, sending the men crashing into the sides. “William, William!" Sam yelled into the radio. “If you’re coming to get me, come now!"
"We're coming!" William shouted back.
Paragraph 1:
Shortly after, the radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea. _______________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2 :
The next morning, Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance. ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：(1).C; (2).B; (3).B
解析：(1).推理判断题。根据全文内容可知本文主要介绍了一项太空实验,所以可推知从网站的“科学”栏目中能够看到此文。
(2).细节理解题。根据第一段可知,这项实验的目的是测验女性能否成为好的宇航员。
(3).推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知,Igor Ushakov提到有些人说在一个厨房里两个家庭主妇无法很好地相处,那么在太空中女宇航员在空间极其有限的情况下可能会发生冲突。由关键信息I'd like to wish you a lack of conflicts, even though they say that in one kitchen, two housewives find it hard to live together可判断。
B
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文中第三段的信息“He made a surprising discovery”可知哈雷的这个发现纯属偶然,故选D项。
2.数字计算题。末段中的“He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years lo gobefore Halley’s prediction could be tested.”告诉我们,他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年,而这个预言还要过53年才能验证,由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年,故B项正确。
3.主旨大意题。综观全文不难看出,文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现,故选D项。
4.综合判断题。从文章首句可以看出C项错误;从第二题的分析中可知B项也错误;牛顿告诉哈雷替星的轨道是椭圆形的,可排除D。正确答案为A项。
C
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.推理判断题。由第一段中的Philae...landed on a comet in 2014. However, its transmissions back home went silent since then.可知,Philae于2014年着陆彗星后就失联了,所以当人们再次听到它传来的声音时一定很兴奋,故选C项。
2.细节理解题。由第三段中的Philae’s job was to collect materials to study the comet’s composition.可知, Philae的任务是帮助科学家了解一颗慧星的相关情况,故选D项。
3.细节理解题。由最后一段中的Now we plan to change how Rosetta moves so that Philae can keep on communicating and receiving instructions.可知,Philae将会继续服役,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。总览全文可知,文章主要介绍了慧星着陆器Philae的一些情况。它在沉睡了好久之后醒了过来,并向地球发回了信息。
D
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水。故选D。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知,这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季。 故选B。
3.观点态度题。根据第四段内容可推知, Meyer还是相信火星上有生命。故选B。
4.词义猜测题。根据句中的or well hidden可知,cryptic的意思是“隐藏的;没被发现的”。故选A。
第二节
答案：GBADE
解析：这是一篇记叙文。文章作者详细介绍了自己所从事的工作——飓风追逐者。
1. G 根据上文 I was working for tlie National Meteorological Office in Bracknell, near London, in the autumn of 1995, and I saw a documentary called Stormchases with family.可知,G选项(它是关于飓风追踪者的, 我想:“哇,这真是一个有趣的工作! ”)切题,该项中的It指代上文提到的纪录片。故选G项。
2. B 根据下文 I have been all over the world hunting hurricanes.可知,作者一直在世界各地追踪飓风。所以此处引出下文,B项(这份工作我最喜欢的是旅行)切题。故选B项。
3. A 根据上文 I also love working with lop scientists.可知,A 项(我从他们身上学到了很多)切题,且A项中的them指代top scientists。
4. D 根据上文 People often ask me what an average day is like. In fact, there's no such thing as an average day in my job!和下文的 We often take off at a moment’s notice to hunt storms.可知,该空承上启下,D项 (这完全取决于人气,你无法控制)切题。故选D项。
5. E 根据上文 Next,I would like to join a space programme and be the first meteorologist in space.可知,E选项(然而,我还没有想到可以在太空做的实验)切题,故选E项。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D; 5.D; 6.A; 7.C; 8.D; 9.C; 10.A; 11.A; 12.B; 13.D; 14.B; 15.B
解析：1.考查名词辨析。thought想法;advice 建议;relation关系;favour帮忙。结合上下文可知,这是Tom第一次去伦敦玩,他盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅,所以没有听朋友的建议(advice),决定单独行动。故选B。
2.考查副词辨析。along —起;abroad 在国外;alone独自;away离去。Tom盼望着伦敦的地铁之旅,所以没有听朋友的建议,决定单独(alone)行动。故选C。
3.考查形容词辨析。short短的;terrible 糟糕的;possible可能的;certain必然的。Tom在五点后上的地铁,这是一个糟糕的(terrible)出行时间,因为赶上了下班的晚高峰。故选B。
4.考查连词辨析。but但是;and并且; so因此;because因为。结合上下文可知, 下午五点不适合坐地铁,因为(because)很多人在这个时间下班回家。故选D。
5.考查动词辨析。planned计划;hoped 希望;expected期待;had不得不。因为赶上晚高峰,所以Tom不得不(have to)排长队等着买票。故选D。
6.考查名词辨析。turn轮次;time时间; chance机会;luck运气。结合上下文可知, 好不容易轮到(turn)Tom买票了,他却发现他听不懂售票员说什么。故选A。
7.考查副词辨析。Besides除此之外; Instead 反而;However 然而;Hopefully 有希望地。结合下文可知,Tom听不懂售票员说什么,然而(however)他最后还是买对票了。故选C。
8.考查词语辨析。seized逮捕;caught 抓住;covered覆盖;crowded拥挤。结合上下文可知,月台上挤满(crowded)了人,所以Tom没能上去。故选D。
9.考查动词辨析。agree同意;try尝试; manage成功(做成);expect期待。结合下文“to get on the next one” 可知,第一班地铁里挤满了人,所以Tom没有成功(manage)挤上去,要等下一班地铁。故选C。
10.考查名词辨析。position位置;state 状况;situation情况;seat座位。结合上下文可知,Tom虽然没能挤上第一班地铁,但是他往前移动了一些,这样就有了好位置(position)能挤上下一班地铁了。选A。
11.考查动词辨析。swept打扫,横扫; fought战斗;took带走;brought带来。结合上下文可知,第二班地铁来了之后, Tom直接被后面的人横扫(sweep)到车里了。故选A。
12.考查名词辨析。signs标志;names 名字;points 要点;numbers 数字。Tom 被人群挤上了车,他还没来得及科各站的名称(name),但是他知道是要去第六站。 故选B。
13.考查动词辨析。left留下;moved移动;started开始;stopped停下。结合上下文可知,Tom被人群挤上了车,他还没来得及看那些会停车(stop)地的站名。故选B。
14.考查形容词辨析。sick病的; pleased高兴的;sorry抱歉的;tired疲惫的。Tom在第六站下了车,感到很高兴(pleased),因为他的旅程是如此容易。故选B。
15.考査动词短语辨析。talked about谈论;heard of 听说;thought of 想出;arrived at到达。结合下文“he had caught a train going in the opposite direction" 可知,Tom并没有到他要去的那个站,而是到了一个没听说过(hear of)的站。故选B。
第二节
答案：①-⑤largest; The; speaking; and; of ⑥-⑩experiments; planned; rapidly; has used; to have
解析：①考查形容词最高级。由语境可知,此处应该用形容词的最高级。
②考查冠词。此处的 astronauts指的是前一句中的two astronauts,因此应该用定冠词表特指。
③考查固定用法。 strictly speaking严格地说。类似的用法常见的还有 generally speaking(一般说来), honestly speaking(诚实地说)。
④考查连词。 Microgravity, strong radiation和 extreme temperatures是并列关系,因此应该用连词and。
⑤考查介词。 make full use of充分利用。
⑥考查名词复数。根据空后定语从句的谓语are可知,设空处应该用复数形式,that引导的定语从句修饰experiments。
⑦考查非谓语动词。plan与 China's future manned space station之间是被动关系,因此应该用过去分词形式。
⑧考查副词。设空处修饰动词,因此应该用副词作状语。
⑨考查时态。 It is the first time+that从句,从句应该用现在完成时。
⑩考查非谓语动词。 be expected to do sth.被预计做某事。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
In the winter holiday, I attended a lecture on astronomy by Professor Wang in the Science and Technology Museum in our city.
In the lecture, I learned something about the solar system, an amazing world that I knew little about before. Professor Wang showed us a lot of pictures and videos, which made us have a sound knowledge of other planets. When the lecture was over, we got a chance to ask him some questions.
This valuable experience made me believe that there are still many secrets about the universe waiting to be explored. And I am determined to study harder and make a contribution to astronomy in the future.
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1 :
Shortly after, I he radio died and the wind continued to blow straight offshore, driving the men farther out to sea. Fear seized Tom and he was trembling, for the water had not only wet his clothes but also ruined his hope of surviving. Sam murmured, "I was warned that a storm was coming. Had it not been for my stubbornness, we would not have lost our equipment and had to face such a terrible situation. His voice gradually disappeared as waves rocked the boat, making terrifying sounds. After what seemed to be a century, a great darkness fell. Exhausted, they fell asleep.
Paragraph 2 :
The next morning,Sam spotted a fishing boat in the distance. He excitedly woke Tom up. Tom rubbed his eyes and stared. Once he caught sight of the boat, he was also lit up. The chance of surviving made them regain strength and they began to shout loudly. Hie boat saw them and they went aboard. On the boat they mel William and other crew members. Although they had lost thousands of dollars, they came to understand the value of hope.
解析：
【线索梳理】
1. Driven farther out to sea, what would happen to Sam and Tom
2. Before it was dark, what did they do and how did they feel？