高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册单元测试AB卷Unit3 Environmental Protection能力提升B卷（无听力版，含答案和解析）
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| 名称 | 高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册单元测试AB卷Unit3 Environmental Protection能力提升B卷（无听力版，含答案和解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2022-03-24 09:56:43 | ||
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2021-2022学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册
单元测试AB卷Unit 3 Environmental Protection 能力提升B卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Happy Campers Summer Retreat
As a parent, your child's health and happiness are the most important things to you, which can be difficult to achieve. The Happy Campers Summer Retreat was developed to help parents with this challenge.
Founded in 1998 by Michael Gibson, our summer camp is open to children during the holidays, from May to September. We look after lots of children every single year. Our camp is based in the Colorado Mountains, and it offers a lot of different activities for children.
Our program helps improve:
Physical fitness
Problem-solving skills
Social skills
Sports ability and experience
The Happy Campers Summer Retreat can benefit all children. Some children are good at school, but rarely active. Our program will help encourage an interest in sports. Other children are mainly interested in sports. These children will not only play sports, but will also learn new skills, such as teamwork skills, social skills, and communication skills. Children will also have the chance to try new activities. Our program is designed to help develop a complete and fully active child.
At very affordable prices, our program is available to any family in America. Your child's stay can be as short as a week or as long as six weeks.
Why not call us today or click here to join our camp Take action now and give your child this great chance!
1. How long does the camp last every year
A. One week. B. One month.
C. Six weeks. D. Five months.
2. What can a child learn from the camp
A. How to deal with people. B. How to choose a strong team.
C. How to avoid physical problems. D. How to stay interested in something.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To describe the history of the camp.
B. To compare the camp with other activities.
C. To tell parents about the benefits of outdoor activities.
D. To encourage parents to send their children to the camp.
B
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist at the Technical University of Munich in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings using a high-frequency probe.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
"I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than scientists think, Houghton says.
1.Paragraph 1 is written to _________.
A.prove an idea B.introduce the topic C.give an example D.describe a fact
2.What does the study show
A.Farming slows trees' growth. B.More areas are covered with forests.
C.Climate warming changes the quality of wood. D.Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
3.What does Richard Houghton mean
A.Great loss might be caused. B.Storm damage can be prevented.
C.The size of forests might be increased. D.Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.We only have one earth B.Trees — our best friends
C.The influence of climate change D.Trees are growing faster, but weaker
C
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
D
I just got back from an extraordinary trip to the Arctic North of Norway, and I felt excited and alarmed at the same time. I knew before I went there that the Arctic was the centre of global warming, but seeing the changes first-hand is haunting.
There is one scene I will never forget. It came just a few days into the trip. I was on board the ship National Geographic Endeavor, and was halfway between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole. I had never been so far north or in a more remote place on Earth. But I was in good company. The Aspen Institute had invited 100 politicians, scientists, businessmen, religious and labor leaders to see the impacts of global warming with their own eyes.
One day, we had the electrifying experience of watching polar bears play on the ice. We tend to think of the Arctic as an expanse of white, but it isn't. The sea is dark. The pack ice comes in deep, beguiling blues. Polar bears are yellowish. And all of these colors pop against a steely grey sky.
On one ice sheet, we saw two polar bears, their furs covered with red from a just completed dinner. One was moving in and out of the water; the other was busy eating the seal. Off to the side, a smaller bear peaked over the ice with its black snout(鼻子), waiting for the big ones to get off the kill so it could go over to the remains. All three bears seemed powerful and vibrant.
But later, we sailed passing an island where a polar bear sat on the shore, stranded because the sea ice had receded so far from shore. This bear will not eat until next winter—it simply cannot hunt without the ice. Polar bears can survive for long stretches without eating, but seeing that lone bear brought home just how dependent these iconic creatures are on sea ice. Scandinavians, after all, call them the Ice Bear.
I have read enough climate reports to know that with summer sea ice disappearing at alarming rates, the bear I saw stranded that day is one of many. Now I have a permanent memory of what a hungry, stranded bear looks like.
1. What does the underlined word "haunting" most probably mean
A. Surprising. B. Exciting. C. Fascinating. D. Unforgettable.
2. From the second paragraph we can infer that the people on the journey _____.
A. were experts at global warming B. came from all walks of life
C. had been to the Arctic before D. were mostly adventurers
3. What is these people's aim to Arctic
A. To do some research on global warming.
B. To witness the influence of global warming.
C. To experience the beautiful sight of global warming.
D. To see the various animals face to face.
4. What did the two bears they saw look like
A. Their furs were red in colour. B. There was blood on their furs.
C. They were very hungry. D. They seemed black all over.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Solutions to Climate Change
There are personal lifestyle changes that you can make and that, to some extent, can help reduce your carbon impact. Not all are right for everybody. But applying just a few of them could make a difference.
Move closer to work.
Transportation is one of the leading sources of greenhouse gas emissions. ①_____ One way to dramatically cut transportation fuel needs is to move closer to work, use mass transportation, or switch to walking, cycling or some other modes of transport that does not require anything other than human energy.
Consume less.
②_____ Whether by quitting an automobile or employing a reusable grocery sack, cutting back on consumption results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, produce and ship products around the globe.
③_____
A potentially simpler and even bigger effect can be produced by doing more with less. Citizens of many developed countries are energy-wasters, whether by speeding in a gas-wasting vehicle or leaving the lights on when not in a room. Similarly, employing more efficient refrigerators, air conditioners and other appliances can cut electricity bills. ④_____ You can turn the lights or your computers off when you leave the office.
Stop cutting down trees.
When purchasing wood products, such as furniture or flooring, buy used goods or, failing that, wood proved officially to have been sustainably harvested. The Amazon rainforest and other forests are more than the lung of the earth. ⑤_____
A.Be energy efficient.
B.Use few electrical appliances.
C.But it doesn't have to be that way.
D.Such efforts can also be usefully employed at work.
E.They may also be humans' short-term hope for limiting climate change.
F.The easiest way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions is simply to buy less stuff.
G.Citizens spend more money on electricity to power devices when they're off than when they're on.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. However, her 1 nearly ended in 2010. A car accident left her paralyzed (使瘫痪) from the waist down.
For most people, that would have 2 any hope of a (lancer's dancing career. For Hill, it was the beginning.
3 Hill did it, rolling her wheelchair right alongside her high school dance team. "It feels as if half of my body were 4 from me, and I have to move it with my hands," Hill said. "But it's not easy to do it. It definitely took a lot of 5 and patience."
After graduation, Hill wanted to 6 her dance network to include women like her. She began to meet people online who had suffered similar injuries. Then in 2014, Hill moved to Los Angeles and formed a team of dancers with disabilities called the Rollettes. "I want to 7 the stereotype (刻板印象) of wheelchair users and show dance is dance, whether you're walking or you're 8 ."
In disabled dance competitions, her team danced to the popular tunes, 9 their upper bodies, shaking their heads to the special beats and 10 their wheelchairs in well-timed, highly designed routines. They were having fun, and as the audience' exuberant (热情洋溢的) reactions showed, the fun was 11 .
Hill has attained what many of us never will obtain: her childhood 12 . She's a dancer. And the Rollettes have helped her find something else just as 13 . Every year she holds a dance camp for other wheelchair users to help them find their inner 14 . For participants, it was the first time they'd felt 15 .
1.A. effect B. reputation C. ambition D. performance
2.A. aroused B. exposed C. destroyed D. seized
3.A. Similarly B. Actually C. Necessarily D. Previously
4.A. tom down B. taken away C. picked up D. cut down
5.A. wisdom B. praying C. intelligence D. learning
6.A. mix B. expand C. narrow D. simplify
7.A. call off B. bring in C. break down D. carry on
8.A. rolling B. driving C. lying D. standing
9.A. bearing B. freezing C. rocking D. fueling
10.A. lifting B. operating C. stretching D. guiding
11.A. vain B. plain C. temporary D. infectious
12.A. experience B. dream C. memory D. education
13.A. demanding B. tough C. meaningful D. flexible
14.A. strength B. beauty C. label D. weakness
15.A. stressful B. regretful C. hopeful D. grateful
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The dodo is the most famous of all the creatures ①_____(become) extinct in recent history. The remains of the dodo at Oxford are one of the greatest treasures of its museum.
The dodo ②_____ (discover) by Europeans in 1507. It was a flightless bird ③_____ lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. Although the dodos were easy ④_____ (catch), their meat was not that tasty; their rapid decrease was probably due less to hunting, and more to the fact ⑤_____ the dogs, cats, rats and pigs, ⑥_____ (introduce) to Mauritius, destroyed the dodos' eggs and habitat. By 1680 the bird was extinct.
The dodos were a curiosity, and some were brought to Europe by ⑦_____ (wealth) collectors like John Tradescant. His ⑧_____ (collect) were later brought to Oxford, where now only the dried head and foot remain. Although small in amount, these specimens(标本) represent the most complete remains of a single dodo, and are ⑨_____ great value to scientists today.
DNA research has shown the dodo is ⑩_____ (close) related to pigeons and has finally solved the question of the dodo's ancestors; without the Oxford specimens this would have been impossible.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你们学校在3月22日“世界水日”来临之际将举办一系列活动。请写一封邮件给学校英语外教Mr. Green,请他为本校学生开设讲座。邮件的内容包括:
1.讲座主题:废水处理与利用;
2.讲座目的;
3.讲座时间及时长。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Green, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A cactus (仙人掌) stood all alone in the desert, wondering why it was stuck in the middle of the desert. "I do nothing but stand here all day," it sighed. "What use do I have I am the ugliest plant in the desert. My spines (刺) are thick, my leaves are tough, and my skin is uneven. I can't offer shade or juice to the passing travellers. I don't see that I am of any use at all." All it did was stand in the sun day after day, growing taller and fatter. Its spines grew longer and its leaves grew tougher. It truly was strange-looking.
"I wish I could do something useful," it signed. By day, hawks (鹰) circled high overhead, and the cactus called, "What can I do with my life " Whether they heard or not, the hawks flew away. At night the moon floated into the sky and cast its pale light on the desert floor. "What can I do with my life " the cactus called. The moon only stared coldly as it continued its course.
A lizard (蜥蜴) passed by, leaving a little trail in the sand with its tail. "What worthy deed can I do " the cactus called. "You " the lizard smiled, pausing a moment. "You can do something. Just wait for the right moment. The hawks circle their ways overhead, making beautiful patterns for us all to admire. The moon hangs high like a lantern at night, so we can see our ways home to our loved ones. Even I, the lowly lizard, have something to do. I decorate the sands with these beautiful trails as I pull my tail along. And you, you will show us your beauty some day."
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...our summer camp is open to children during the holidays, from May to September.”可知，该夏令营活动持续5个月。
2.细节理解题。根据文中的“Our program helps improve:”中的“Social skills”以及倒数第三段中的learn new skills, such as teamwork skills, social skills, and communication skills可知，孩子们可以从该夏令营中学到为人处事等社交技能。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Why not call us today or click here to join our camp Take action now and give your child this great chance!”可知，本文旨在鼓励家长将孩子送去参加这个夏令营活动。
B
答案：1-4.BCAD
解析：1.考查写作目的。根据第一段中的"Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be "可知,第一段提出问题,启发读者进行思考,从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,对森林的研究表明,气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide(CO2) than scientists think"可知,Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低,其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多,树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster"和第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长,但同时树木的密度降低,使树木更脆弱。故选D。
C
答案：1-4.ADCA
解析：1. 推理判断题。本题题干意为"文章第二段的主要内容是什么？"。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.推理判断题。本题题干意为"下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？"。根据文章第三段中的"Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources."（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3. 细节理解题。本题题干意为"根据McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？"。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4. 主旨大意题。本题题干意为"本文合适的标题是什么？"。本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是California、big trees、loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D：Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
D
答案：1-4 DBBB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句“There is one scene I will never forget.”可知，读词的意思是“难忘的”，所以选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Aspen Institute had invited 100 politicians, scientists, businessmen, religious and labor leaders...”可知，船上有政治家、科学家、商人、宗教人士、劳动者等。由此可知B项为正确答案。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的to see the impacts of global warming with their own eyes可知，他们此行的目的是见证一下全球变暖的影响，所以选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“...from a just completed dinner.”可知，这两只北极熊刚饱餐一顿，所以身上染的应该是海豹的血，所以选B项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ CFADE
解析：①上一句提到交通运输是温室气体排放物的主要来源之一。C项紧承上文，点明情况不一定非得那样，同时引出了下一句介绍的能帮助我们减少这类温室气体排放物的措施。
②该空对应的措施是减少消费。F项点明减少温室气体排放物的最简单的方法是少购物，符合本段的语境。
③该空是本段的小标题，本段主要建议我们有效利用能源，尽可能减少对能源的浪费，用更少的能源做更多的事，故用A项概括本段的主旨。
④上一句介绍了在生活中如何减少对能源的浪费，该空后则介绍了在办公室里如何减少对能源的浪费。D项恰好能用来承上启下。
⑤上一句提到亚马孙雨林及其他森林不仅仅是地球的肺。E项紧承上文，点出它们可能还是人类在短期内控制气候变化的希望。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CCBBD 6-10 BCACB 11-15 DBCAC
解析：1.根据上文中的"Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer"可知，Chelsie Hill梦想成为一名舞蹈演员。由空后一句可知，车祸使Chelsie Hill的腰部以下瘫痪。故此处表示2010年她的理想差点破灭。ambition"抱负，理想"。
2.根据语境可知，对大多数人来说，车祸造成的瘫痪毁掉了一个舞者的舞蹈生涯，而Hill却觉得车祸对于她而言是一个开始。
3.根据下文中Hill的具体行动可知，实际上Hill确实做到了，即继续追寻自己跳舞的梦想。
4.根据第一段可知，Hill是从腰部以下瘫痪了，因此此处表示她感觉好像自己一半的身体被拿走了。tear down"拆毁，拆除"；take away"拿走"；pick up"改善；学会"；cut down"砍倒"。
5.根据"But it's not easy to do it"可知，瘫痪后的Hill要经过大量学习以及耐心才能学会滚动轮椅来跳舞。
6.根据下文中Hill创办的舞团可知，此处指Hill想扩大她的舞蹈人际网，以使得像她一样的女性都能参与其中。
7.此处指Hill想打破人们对坐轮椅的人的刻板印象。舞蹈就是舞蹈，无论是走路还是滚动轮椅都可以跳舞。故C项符合题意。
8.参见上题解析。故选A项。
9.根据语境可知，这些坐在轮椅上的舞蹈者靠摇动她们的上半身来跳舞。故选C。
10.根据上文可知，她们是坐在轮椅上的残疾人，因此需要操作轮椅才能跳舞。
11.根据语境可知，舞团的队员跳得开心，观众的反应也很热情，这说明快乐是有感染力的。vain"枉然的，徒劳的"；plain"明显的"；temporary"暂时的"；infectious"（情感或笑声）有感染力的"。
12.根据第一段第一句可知，Hill小时候的梦想是成为一名舞者，虽然后来因为车祸不得不坐到轮椅上，但她还是实现了自己的梦想。
13.Hill创建了Rollettes舞团，帮助更多像她一样的女性，这和实现她小时候的梦想一样有意义。meaningful"有意义的"。
14.每年Hill都会举办一个舞蹈训练营来帮助其他坐轮椅的人发现自己内心的力量。故选A项。
15.由语境可知，对于参与舞蹈营的人来说，这是她们第一次感受到希望。故选C项。
第二节
答案： to have become; was discovered; that/ which; to catch; that; introduced; wealthy; collections; of; closely
解析：①考查不定式作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语，且creatures与become之间是主动关系，而且become所表示的动作已完成，故填to have become。
②考查一般过去时的被动语态。由语境及in 1507可知，此处用一般过去时，且The dodo与discover之间是被动关系，故填was discovered。
③考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bird，且在从句中作主语，故填that/ which。
④考查不定式作补语的用法。be easy to do sth.意为“做某事是容易的”。
⑤考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，且从句意义和成分均完整，故填that。
⑥考查过去分词作定语的用法。the dogs, cats, rats and pigs与introduce之间是被动关系，且introduce所表示的动作发生在过去，故填introduced。
⑦考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，意为“富有的”，故填wealthy。
⑧考查名词。设空处作主语，意为“收藏品”，由were可知用复数，故填collections。
⑨考查介词。be of great value意为“有很大的价值”。
⑩考查副词。设空处修饰形容词related,故填closely。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Mr. Green,
With World Water Day around the comer, our school is planning to hold a series of activities. I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture on the topic of wastewater disposal and utilization.
The lecture will be held in our school hall from 4: 00 to 5:30 on the afternoon of March 22. We hope it can arouse students' awareness of water crisis as well as develop the habit of water recycling. If everyone can make good use of water, we together can make a big difference.
I would be grateful if you could accept my invitation.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. It cried out, "I have wondered so long, and I have tried so hard. I just want to do something useful. I fear that now it's too late." But just then, the cactus felt a strange change, and it knew a kind of joy that it had never had would approach. At its top, a beautiful flower suddenly appeared, like a shiny crown. It didn't look strange-looking any more.
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it. Its pleasant smell spread into the air far and wide and brought happiness to all passers-by. The passing travellers, including the butterflies, stopped to admire its beauty. So did the hawks. And that night, even the moon smiled when it found such a treasure. The lizard said to the cactus, "You have tried your best to wait for the right moment. Your heart trying to do good things will always bring something worthwhile to the world, even for a moment."
单元测试AB卷Unit 3 Environmental Protection 能力提升B卷
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Happy Campers Summer Retreat
As a parent, your child's health and happiness are the most important things to you, which can be difficult to achieve. The Happy Campers Summer Retreat was developed to help parents with this challenge.
Founded in 1998 by Michael Gibson, our summer camp is open to children during the holidays, from May to September. We look after lots of children every single year. Our camp is based in the Colorado Mountains, and it offers a lot of different activities for children.
Our program helps improve:
Physical fitness
Problem-solving skills
Social skills
Sports ability and experience
The Happy Campers Summer Retreat can benefit all children. Some children are good at school, but rarely active. Our program will help encourage an interest in sports. Other children are mainly interested in sports. These children will not only play sports, but will also learn new skills, such as teamwork skills, social skills, and communication skills. Children will also have the chance to try new activities. Our program is designed to help develop a complete and fully active child.
At very affordable prices, our program is available to any family in America. Your child's stay can be as short as a week or as long as six weeks.
Why not call us today or click here to join our camp Take action now and give your child this great chance!
1. How long does the camp last every year
A. One week. B. One month.
C. Six weeks. D. Five months.
2. What can a child learn from the camp
A. How to deal with people. B. How to choose a strong team.
C. How to avoid physical problems. D. How to stay interested in something.
3. What is the purpose of the text
A. To describe the history of the camp.
B. To compare the camp with other activities.
C. To tell parents about the benefits of outdoor activities.
D. To encourage parents to send their children to the camp.
B
As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster. For the past 100 years, trees have been experiencing fast growth in mild areas from Maryland to Finland, to Central Europe, where the growth rate of some trees has even sped up by nearly 77% since 1870. Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be
Hans Pretzsch, a forest scientist at the Technical University of Munich in Germany, and his colleagues wanted to find an answer. They carried out a study of the forests of Central Europe. They started with small pieces of experimental land in southern Germany, some of which have been continuously monitored since 1870. Pretzsch and his team took core samples (样品) from the trees — which included Norway spruce, sessile oak, European beech, and Scots pine — and analyzed the tree rings using a high-frequency probe.
They found that in all four species, wood density had decreased by 8% to 12%. "We expected a trend of the wood density like this, but not such a strong and significant decrease," Pretzsch says. Increasing temperatures, and the faster growth they spur, probably account for some of the drop. Another factor, Pretzsch says, is more nitrogen in the soil from agricultural fertilizer and vehicle exhaust. Previous studies have linked increased fertilizer use to decreased wood density. Above all, the study suggests that the higher temperatures — combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms — are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable.
"I am getting worried," says Richard Houghton, an ecologist at the Woods Hole Research Center in Falmouth, Massachusetts, who was not part of the new study. As the density of the samples dropped, so did their carbon content. That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) than scientists think, Houghton says.
1.Paragraph 1 is written to _________.
A.prove an idea B.introduce the topic C.give an example D.describe a fact
2.What does the study show
A.Farming slows trees' growth. B.More areas are covered with forests.
C.Climate warming changes the quality of wood. D.Pollution leads to higher temperatures.
3.What does Richard Houghton mean
A.Great loss might be caused. B.Storm damage can be prevented.
C.The size of forests might be increased. D.Less greenhouse gases can be sent out.
4.What is the best title for the passage
A.We only have one earth B.Trees — our best friends
C.The influence of climate change D.Trees are growing faster, but weaker
C
California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into account such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1. What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2. Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees
A. Ecological studies of forests. B. Banning woodcutting.
C. Limiting housing development. D. Fire control measures.
3. What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre
A. Inadequate snowmelt. B. A longer dry season.
C. A warmer climate. D. Dampness of the air.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. California's Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone
B. Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C. Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests
D. Patrick McIntyre: Grow More Big Trees in California
D
I just got back from an extraordinary trip to the Arctic North of Norway, and I felt excited and alarmed at the same time. I knew before I went there that the Arctic was the centre of global warming, but seeing the changes first-hand is haunting.
There is one scene I will never forget. It came just a few days into the trip. I was on board the ship National Geographic Endeavor, and was halfway between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole. I had never been so far north or in a more remote place on Earth. But I was in good company. The Aspen Institute had invited 100 politicians, scientists, businessmen, religious and labor leaders to see the impacts of global warming with their own eyes.
One day, we had the electrifying experience of watching polar bears play on the ice. We tend to think of the Arctic as an expanse of white, but it isn't. The sea is dark. The pack ice comes in deep, beguiling blues. Polar bears are yellowish. And all of these colors pop against a steely grey sky.
On one ice sheet, we saw two polar bears, their furs covered with red from a just completed dinner. One was moving in and out of the water; the other was busy eating the seal. Off to the side, a smaller bear peaked over the ice with its black snout(鼻子), waiting for the big ones to get off the kill so it could go over to the remains. All three bears seemed powerful and vibrant.
But later, we sailed passing an island where a polar bear sat on the shore, stranded because the sea ice had receded so far from shore. This bear will not eat until next winter—it simply cannot hunt without the ice. Polar bears can survive for long stretches without eating, but seeing that lone bear brought home just how dependent these iconic creatures are on sea ice. Scandinavians, after all, call them the Ice Bear.
I have read enough climate reports to know that with summer sea ice disappearing at alarming rates, the bear I saw stranded that day is one of many. Now I have a permanent memory of what a hungry, stranded bear looks like.
1. What does the underlined word "haunting" most probably mean
A. Surprising. B. Exciting. C. Fascinating. D. Unforgettable.
2. From the second paragraph we can infer that the people on the journey _____.
A. were experts at global warming B. came from all walks of life
C. had been to the Arctic before D. were mostly adventurers
3. What is these people's aim to Arctic
A. To do some research on global warming.
B. To witness the influence of global warming.
C. To experience the beautiful sight of global warming.
D. To see the various animals face to face.
4. What did the two bears they saw look like
A. Their furs were red in colour. B. There was blood on their furs.
C. They were very hungry. D. They seemed black all over.
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Solutions to Climate Change
There are personal lifestyle changes that you can make and that, to some extent, can help reduce your carbon impact. Not all are right for everybody. But applying just a few of them could make a difference.
Move closer to work.
Transportation is one of the leading sources of greenhouse gas emissions. ①_____ One way to dramatically cut transportation fuel needs is to move closer to work, use mass transportation, or switch to walking, cycling or some other modes of transport that does not require anything other than human energy.
Consume less.
②_____ Whether by quitting an automobile or employing a reusable grocery sack, cutting back on consumption results in fewer fossil fuels being burned to extract, produce and ship products around the globe.
③_____
A potentially simpler and even bigger effect can be produced by doing more with less. Citizens of many developed countries are energy-wasters, whether by speeding in a gas-wasting vehicle or leaving the lights on when not in a room. Similarly, employing more efficient refrigerators, air conditioners and other appliances can cut electricity bills. ④_____ You can turn the lights or your computers off when you leave the office.
Stop cutting down trees.
When purchasing wood products, such as furniture or flooring, buy used goods or, failing that, wood proved officially to have been sustainably harvested. The Amazon rainforest and other forests are more than the lung of the earth. ⑤_____
A.Be energy efficient.
B.Use few electrical appliances.
C.But it doesn't have to be that way.
D.Such efforts can also be usefully employed at work.
E.They may also be humans' short-term hope for limiting climate change.
F.The easiest way to cut back on greenhouse gas emissions is simply to buy less stuff.
G.Citizens spend more money on electricity to power devices when they're off than when they're on.
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Since the age of three, Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer. However, her 1 nearly ended in 2010. A car accident left her paralyzed (使瘫痪) from the waist down.
For most people, that would have 2 any hope of a (lancer's dancing career. For Hill, it was the beginning.
3 Hill did it, rolling her wheelchair right alongside her high school dance team. "It feels as if half of my body were 4 from me, and I have to move it with my hands," Hill said. "But it's not easy to do it. It definitely took a lot of 5 and patience."
After graduation, Hill wanted to 6 her dance network to include women like her. She began to meet people online who had suffered similar injuries. Then in 2014, Hill moved to Los Angeles and formed a team of dancers with disabilities called the Rollettes. "I want to 7 the stereotype (刻板印象) of wheelchair users and show dance is dance, whether you're walking or you're 8 ."
In disabled dance competitions, her team danced to the popular tunes, 9 their upper bodies, shaking their heads to the special beats and 10 their wheelchairs in well-timed, highly designed routines. They were having fun, and as the audience' exuberant (热情洋溢的) reactions showed, the fun was 11 .
Hill has attained what many of us never will obtain: her childhood 12 . She's a dancer. And the Rollettes have helped her find something else just as 13 . Every year she holds a dance camp for other wheelchair users to help them find their inner 14 . For participants, it was the first time they'd felt 15 .
1.A. effect B. reputation C. ambition D. performance
2.A. aroused B. exposed C. destroyed D. seized
3.A. Similarly B. Actually C. Necessarily D. Previously
4.A. tom down B. taken away C. picked up D. cut down
5.A. wisdom B. praying C. intelligence D. learning
6.A. mix B. expand C. narrow D. simplify
7.A. call off B. bring in C. break down D. carry on
8.A. rolling B. driving C. lying D. standing
9.A. bearing B. freezing C. rocking D. fueling
10.A. lifting B. operating C. stretching D. guiding
11.A. vain B. plain C. temporary D. infectious
12.A. experience B. dream C. memory D. education
13.A. demanding B. tough C. meaningful D. flexible
14.A. strength B. beauty C. label D. weakness
15.A. stressful B. regretful C. hopeful D. grateful
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The dodo is the most famous of all the creatures ①_____(become) extinct in recent history. The remains of the dodo at Oxford are one of the greatest treasures of its museum.
The dodo ②_____ (discover) by Europeans in 1507. It was a flightless bird ③_____ lived on the island of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean. Although the dodos were easy ④_____ (catch), their meat was not that tasty; their rapid decrease was probably due less to hunting, and more to the fact ⑤_____ the dogs, cats, rats and pigs, ⑥_____ (introduce) to Mauritius, destroyed the dodos' eggs and habitat. By 1680 the bird was extinct.
The dodos were a curiosity, and some were brought to Europe by ⑦_____ (wealth) collectors like John Tradescant. His ⑧_____ (collect) were later brought to Oxford, where now only the dried head and foot remain. Although small in amount, these specimens(标本) represent the most complete remains of a single dodo, and are ⑨_____ great value to scientists today.
DNA research has shown the dodo is ⑩_____ (close) related to pigeons and has finally solved the question of the dodo's ancestors; without the Oxford specimens this would have been impossible.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假定你是李华,你们学校在3月22日“世界水日”来临之际将举办一系列活动。请写一封邮件给学校英语外教Mr. Green,请他为本校学生开设讲座。邮件的内容包括:
1.讲座主题:废水处理与利用;
2.讲座目的;
3.讲座时间及时长。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;
3.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Green, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
A cactus (仙人掌) stood all alone in the desert, wondering why it was stuck in the middle of the desert. "I do nothing but stand here all day," it sighed. "What use do I have I am the ugliest plant in the desert. My spines (刺) are thick, my leaves are tough, and my skin is uneven. I can't offer shade or juice to the passing travellers. I don't see that I am of any use at all." All it did was stand in the sun day after day, growing taller and fatter. Its spines grew longer and its leaves grew tougher. It truly was strange-looking.
"I wish I could do something useful," it signed. By day, hawks (鹰) circled high overhead, and the cactus called, "What can I do with my life " Whether they heard or not, the hawks flew away. At night the moon floated into the sky and cast its pale light on the desert floor. "What can I do with my life " the cactus called. The moon only stared coldly as it continued its course.
A lizard (蜥蜴) passed by, leaving a little trail in the sand with its tail. "What worthy deed can I do " the cactus called. "You " the lizard smiled, pausing a moment. "You can do something. Just wait for the right moment. The hawks circle their ways overhead, making beautiful patterns for us all to admire. The moon hangs high like a lantern at night, so we can see our ways home to our loved ones. Even I, the lowly lizard, have something to do. I decorate the sands with these beautiful trails as I pull my tail along. And you, you will show us your beauty some day."
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3 DAD
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...our summer camp is open to children during the holidays, from May to September.”可知，该夏令营活动持续5个月。
2.细节理解题。根据文中的“Our program helps improve:”中的“Social skills”以及倒数第三段中的learn new skills, such as teamwork skills, social skills, and communication skills可知，孩子们可以从该夏令营中学到为人处事等社交技能。
3.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Why not call us today or click here to join our camp Take action now and give your child this great chance!”可知，本文旨在鼓励家长将孩子送去参加这个夏令营活动。
B
答案：1-4.BCAD
解析：1.考查写作目的。根据第一段中的"Supposing wood were just as strong today, those gains would mean more wood for building, burning, and storing carbon captured from the atmosphere. But is wood really as dense(茂密的) as it used to be "可知,第一段提出问题,启发读者进行思考,从而引入本文的话题。故选B。
2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,对森林的研究表明,气候变暖会改变木材的质量。故选C。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"That means forests may suffer more damage from storms and may be less efficient at soaking up(吸收) the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide(CO2) than scientists think"可知,Houghton的意思是随着木材密度降低,其碳含量也会降低。这样森林受暴风雨的损害更多,树木吸收二氧化碳的效率降低,从而给人们造成巨大的损失。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的"As global temperatures rise, trees around the world are experiencing longer growing seasons, sometimes as much as three extra weeks a year. All that time helps trees grow faster"和第三段中的"the study suggests that the higher temperatures—combined with pollution from car exhaust and farms—are making wood weaker, resulting in trees that break more easily and wood that is less durable"可知,本文讲述的是气候变暖促进了树木的生长,但同时树木的密度降低,使树木更脆弱。故选D。
C
答案：1-4.ADCA
解析：1. 推理判断题。本题题干意为"文章第二段的主要内容是什么？"。文章第二段用比较详实的数据陈述了加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况。因此A项（加利福尼亚大树死亡的严重情况）符合题意。B：加利福尼亚大树多样性的增加；C：加利福尼亚森林中大树的分布；D：农业对加利福尼亚大树的影响。
2.推理判断题。本题题干意为"下面哪种措施用意良好，但对大树有可能是有害的？"。根据文章第三段中的"Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources."（激进的野火控制使得加利福尼亚的森林里挤满了小树，而这些小树会与大树争夺资源）可知，控制野火的用意是好的，但是似乎对大树并不好，故D项（火的控制措施）正确。A：森林的生态研究；B：树木砍伐禁令；C：限制住房开发。
3. 细节理解题。本题题干意为"根据McIntyre的说法，缺水的主要原因是什么？"。根据文章最后一段可知，McIntyre认为自从20世纪30年代以来，缺水的主要原因是温度的上升。所以C项（更热的气候）符合题意。A：融雪不足；B：更长的旱季；D：空气潮湿。
4. 主旨大意题。本题题干意为"本文合适的标题是什么？"。本文的主要内容是加利福尼亚大树死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是California、big trees、loss。因此A项是比较合适的题目，包括了文章的核心信息。B：加利福尼亚将很快禁止砍伐大树；C：为什么大树对加利福尼亚森林是重要的？；D：Patrick McIntyre：在加利福尼亚种更多的大树。
D
答案：1-4 DBBB
解析：1.词义猜测题。根据第二段的第一句“There is one scene I will never forget.”可知，读词的意思是“难忘的”，所以选D项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The Aspen Institute had invited 100 politicians, scientists, businessmen, religious and labor leaders...”可知，船上有政治家、科学家、商人、宗教人士、劳动者等。由此可知B项为正确答案。
3.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中的to see the impacts of global warming with their own eyes可知，他们此行的目的是见证一下全球变暖的影响，所以选B项。
4.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“...from a just completed dinner.”可知，这两只北极熊刚饱餐一顿，所以身上染的应该是海豹的血，所以选B项。
第二节
答案：①-⑤ CFADE
解析：①上一句提到交通运输是温室气体排放物的主要来源之一。C项紧承上文，点明情况不一定非得那样，同时引出了下一句介绍的能帮助我们减少这类温室气体排放物的措施。
②该空对应的措施是减少消费。F项点明减少温室气体排放物的最简单的方法是少购物，符合本段的语境。
③该空是本段的小标题，本段主要建议我们有效利用能源，尽可能减少对能源的浪费，用更少的能源做更多的事，故用A项概括本段的主旨。
④上一句介绍了在生活中如何减少对能源的浪费，该空后则介绍了在办公室里如何减少对能源的浪费。D项恰好能用来承上启下。
⑤上一句提到亚马孙雨林及其他森林不仅仅是地球的肺。E项紧承上文，点出它们可能还是人类在短期内控制气候变化的希望。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5 CCBBD 6-10 BCACB 11-15 DBCAC
解析：1.根据上文中的"Chelsie Hill had dreamed of becoming a dancer"可知，Chelsie Hill梦想成为一名舞蹈演员。由空后一句可知，车祸使Chelsie Hill的腰部以下瘫痪。故此处表示2010年她的理想差点破灭。ambition"抱负，理想"。
2.根据语境可知，对大多数人来说，车祸造成的瘫痪毁掉了一个舞者的舞蹈生涯，而Hill却觉得车祸对于她而言是一个开始。
3.根据下文中Hill的具体行动可知，实际上Hill确实做到了，即继续追寻自己跳舞的梦想。
4.根据第一段可知，Hill是从腰部以下瘫痪了，因此此处表示她感觉好像自己一半的身体被拿走了。tear down"拆毁，拆除"；take away"拿走"；pick up"改善；学会"；cut down"砍倒"。
5.根据"But it's not easy to do it"可知，瘫痪后的Hill要经过大量学习以及耐心才能学会滚动轮椅来跳舞。
6.根据下文中Hill创办的舞团可知，此处指Hill想扩大她的舞蹈人际网，以使得像她一样的女性都能参与其中。
7.此处指Hill想打破人们对坐轮椅的人的刻板印象。舞蹈就是舞蹈，无论是走路还是滚动轮椅都可以跳舞。故C项符合题意。
8.参见上题解析。故选A项。
9.根据语境可知，这些坐在轮椅上的舞蹈者靠摇动她们的上半身来跳舞。故选C。
10.根据上文可知，她们是坐在轮椅上的残疾人，因此需要操作轮椅才能跳舞。
11.根据语境可知，舞团的队员跳得开心，观众的反应也很热情，这说明快乐是有感染力的。vain"枉然的，徒劳的"；plain"明显的"；temporary"暂时的"；infectious"（情感或笑声）有感染力的"。
12.根据第一段第一句可知，Hill小时候的梦想是成为一名舞者，虽然后来因为车祸不得不坐到轮椅上，但她还是实现了自己的梦想。
13.Hill创建了Rollettes舞团，帮助更多像她一样的女性，这和实现她小时候的梦想一样有意义。meaningful"有意义的"。
14.每年Hill都会举办一个舞蹈训练营来帮助其他坐轮椅的人发现自己内心的力量。故选A项。
15.由语境可知，对于参与舞蹈营的人来说，这是她们第一次感受到希望。故选C项。
第二节
答案： to have become; was discovered; that/ which; to catch; that; introduced; wealthy; collections; of; closely
解析：①考查不定式作定语的用法。设空处作后置定语，且creatures与become之间是主动关系，而且become所表示的动作已完成，故填to have become。
②考查一般过去时的被动语态。由语境及in 1507可知，此处用一般过去时，且The dodo与discover之间是被动关系，故填was discovered。
③考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bird，且在从句中作主语，故填that/ which。
④考查不定式作补语的用法。be easy to do sth.意为“做某事是容易的”。
⑤考查连接词。设空处引导同位语从句，且从句意义和成分均完整，故填that。
⑥考查过去分词作定语的用法。the dogs, cats, rats and pigs与introduce之间是被动关系，且introduce所表示的动作发生在过去，故填introduced。
⑦考查形容词作定语的用法。设空处作定语，意为“富有的”，故填wealthy。
⑧考查名词。设空处作主语，意为“收藏品”，由were可知用复数，故填collections。
⑨考查介词。be of great value意为“有很大的价值”。
⑩考查副词。设空处修饰形容词related,故填closely。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：
Dear Mr. Green,
With World Water Day around the comer, our school is planning to hold a series of activities. I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture on the topic of wastewater disposal and utilization.
The lecture will be held in our school hall from 4: 00 to 5:30 on the afternoon of March 22. We hope it can arouse students' awareness of water crisis as well as develop the habit of water recycling. If everyone can make good use of water, we together can make a big difference.
I would be grateful if you could accept my invitation.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
It went on year after year, and the cactus grew old. It cried out, "I have wondered so long, and I have tried so hard. I just want to do something useful. I fear that now it's too late." But just then, the cactus felt a strange change, and it knew a kind of joy that it had never had would approach. At its top, a beautiful flower suddenly appeared, like a shiny crown. It didn't look strange-looking any more.
Paragraph 2:
The desert hadn't known such a flower of it. Its pleasant smell spread into the air far and wide and brought happiness to all passers-by. The passing travellers, including the butterflies, stopped to admire its beauty. So did the hawks. And that night, even the moon smiled when it found such a treasure. The lizard said to the cactus, "You have tried your best to wait for the right moment. Your heart trying to do good things will always bring something worthwhile to the world, even for a moment."