(共166张PPT)
英语
第一部分 基础考点聚焦
必修第三册
Unit 6 Disaster and hope
01
语基夯实 课前闯关
02
创意课堂 多维突破
04
课后达标 知能提升
03
高效演练 素养提能
forecast
crisis
satellite
billion
nowhere
otherwise
county
immediately
disaster
emergency
midnight
erupt
eruption
occur
occurrence
announcement
announce
announcer
reliable
rely
threat
threaten
threatening
threatened
reliable
threatened
threat
announce
announcement
have yet no
pick up
make it to
look through
after all
all of a sudden
come down
in the open air
look up
move on
After all
Look through
make it to
all of a sudden
in the open air
saying that I had a talent for football
Now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways
Whatever you do
occurred
occurrences
it
it occurred to me that
sth.strike/hit sb.
sb.hit/strike on sth.
e to sb.
e into one's mind
be announced
announcements
to
It has been announced that
reliable
be relied
surfing
for
You can rely on/upon his coming on time.
You can rely on/upon him to come on time.
You can rely on/upon it that he will come on time.
rescuing
from
rescuer
went to her rescue
claiming
It
to let
He claimed to be
He claimed that he was
His claim was that he was
threatened
to kill
to
Threatened by his classmates
conj.否则
adv.否则，不然
adv.除此以外
adv.其他方面
would have telephoned
would be working
that
of
Since/Now that we have no money
for she didn't show up
because he was ill
Whenever
However
whoever
n.财产
adj.特别的
n．主张；声明
adj.足够的
adv.其他方面
n.(跑道等的)一圈
n.优势
n.地铁
v.夺去(生命)
C
B
A
G
D
F
E
C
A
B
B
A
Hurricane, typhoon, volcanic eruption
often occur
billions of dollars
launching satellites
strengthen the forecast
Now that some disasters cannot be avoided
reliable rescue after the crises
people's lives and property when the threats come
After all
make sufficient preparations
Larry went above and beyond the call of duty
His efforts most likely
Keep calm no matter what happened
makes a difference
threaten
reliable
announcement
occurred
erupt
billion
satellite
crises
forecast
exceptionally
sheltering
claiming
announcement
eruption
occurrence
reliable
crises
threatened
otherwise/or
to keep
to blow
up
that
from
It
Whatever
No matter when/Whenever I get into a crisis
Now that you have heard about the disaster
we would have visited more places of interest
rely on it that computers organize our work
occurred to me
struck me
hit me
B．Think the Sorbonne in Paris or Peking University.
D．One reason: there were no major cities there at the time.
C．Set your sights beyond the most well known schools.
C．presenting
A.always
D．talent
B．regular
A.excites
C．random
D．sees
C．won
A.sponsored
D．Before
A.actively
D．career
B．creating
D．participate
C．make a difference
what
called
have banned
harmful
Studies
best
which
for/as
to protect
keepingUnit 6 Disaster and hope
(一)高频重点词汇分类记忆，用时少，功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的含义，不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.tube n． □2.plus adj. □3.hurricane n.
□4.grab v. □5.rescue v. □6.typhoon n.
□7.exceptionally adv. □8.claim v. □9.precisely adv.
□10.lap n. □11.mosquito n. □12.property n.
□13.sufficient adj. □14.shelter n．,
[自主核对区]
1．管子 2.多，余 3.飓风
4．攫取，抓住 5.营救，解救 6.台风
7．极其，非常 8.夺去(生命) 9.精确地，准确地
10．大腿部 11.蚊子 12.所有物，资产，财产
13．足够的，充足的 14.庇护，掩蔽
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
[辨词义·写词形]
1．forecast v． 预测，预报
2．crisis n. 危机
3．satellite n. 人造卫星
4．billion n. 十亿
5．nowhere adv. 什么地方都不，无处
6．otherwise adv. 否则，要不然
7．county n. 县；郡
[入语境·重活用]
1．(2020·天津卷7月)I cannot make my decision immediately(立即), but you will hear from me soon.
2．(2018·浙江卷6月) The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster(灾难)．
3．(全国卷Ⅰ)Once fire and emergency(紧急情况) people arrived，Larry and the other man backed off and let them go to work.
4．I glanced at my watch and was very surprised to see that it was nearly midnight(半夜)．
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1．erupt v．(指火山)爆发；突然发生→eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
2．occur vi.发生；出现→occurrence n．出现；发生
3．announcement n．宣布，宣告，通告→announce vt.宣布，宣称→announcer n．播音员，节目主持人
4．reliable adj.可依靠的，可信赖的→rely vi.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖
5．threat n．威胁，恐吓；可能会带来危险的人(事)→threaten vt.威胁，恐吓，危及→threatening adj.威胁的，恐吓的→threatened adj. 受到威胁的，感到危险的
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·天津卷7月)I made up my mind to follow their examples to take my own responsibility to be a reliable(rely) person in the future.
2．The terrorist threatened to kill the hostages which put their lives under threat．(threat)
3．I am here to announce my retirement from the game of basketball.It won't be another announcement to baseball.(announce)
(二)高频短语串记记牢用活，不枯燥，兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1．have yet no 还没有
2．pick up 拾起，捡起，拿起；学会
3．make it to 到达……
4．look through 浏览
5．after all 毕竟，终究
6．all of a sudden 突然，猛地
7．come down 落下，降落
8．in the open air 在户外
9．look up 向上看；查阅
10．move on 前进
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1．There is no need for you to feel sorry about it.After all，it's not your fault.
2．Look through the test papers before they are handed in.
3．I was caught in the traffic jam and I was afraid I couldn't make it to the party on time.
4．On his way to the airport, it hit him all of a sudden that he had forgotten his passport.
5．The thieves broke into many houses while people in this village were celebrating the festival in the open air．
?会积累(日积月累，联想发散)
1.“发生”词汇集锦①arise 发生；出现②occur 出现；发生③happen (偶然)发生④take place 产生，发生⑤come about 产生，发生⑥break out 突然发生 2.“数字”拾零①dozen 十二；一打②score 二十③hundred 百④thousand 千⑤million 百万⑥billion 十亿 3.fore 前缀表示“预见的；前部的”①forecast n．& v． 预测，预报②foresee v. 预见，预知③foretell v. 预言，预测④forehead n. 前额⑤foreword n. 前言，序⑥foresight n. 先见之明，远见
(三)重点句型仿写背熟巧用，造佳句，表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station，I see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”．我在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，看到了标题“热！热！热！”。 现在分词短语作状语 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) 操场上所有的足球运动员都大声欢呼，说我有足球天赋。All the football players on the playground cheered loudly，saying that I had a talent for football.
Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space... 既然避免地球上的灾难很难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去…… now that引导原因状语从句 2.(全国卷Ⅲ)信息正以不同的方式传播和监控，所以研究人员正在发现新的规则。Now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.
But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. 但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。 whatever引导让步状语从句 3.(四川卷)不管你做什么，不要做旁观者。参与进来。Whatever you do, don't be a bystander.Get involved.
occur vi.发生，存在，出现；(想法)产生
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred(occur) billions of years ago.
②(2018·北京卷)Sometimes even routine occurrences (occur) become sources of pre anger，or anger itself.
③Last Sunday, when my parents went out shopping，it suddenly occurred to me that I could give the rooms a thorough cleaning.
[再写美]——句型转换
④When I got home，I suddenly remembered that I had left my book in the classroom.
→When I got home，it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom.
(1)sth.occurs/occurred to sb.
某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事
It occurs/occurred to sb.that.../to do...
某人突然想起……
(2)occurrence n. 出现，发生；事件
[佳句背诵] When it comes to the season I like best, spring will always occur to me in no time. 当谈到我最喜欢的季节时，我总会立刻想到春天。(四川卷)
[联想发散] 表示“某人想起……”的句式还有：
①sth.strike/hit sb.；②sb.hit/strike on sth.；
③e to sb.；④e into one's mind
announcement n．通知，宣布
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(全国卷Ⅲ)He said the lucky woman will be announced(announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
②(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements(announce) on your social media.
③He announced to her the good news of his going abroad.
[再写美]——句式升级
④(普通表达)The government has announced plans to create 10，000 new jobs.
(高级表达)It has been announced that the government will plan to create 10，000 new jobs.(it作形式主语)
(1)make an announcement 下通知，宣布
(2)announce v. 宣布，宣告，通知；声称；预示
announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth.
向某人宣布某事
It is announced that... 据称，据宣布……
[佳句背诵] Please be quiet, everyone! I have an announcement to make. 请大家安静一下，我有个通知要宣布。(2018·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
[名师点津] 不接双宾语的动词还有：explain，say，report，describe，suggest，mention，express等。
reliable adj.可信赖的，可依赖的，可靠的
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Earthquakes can be destructive.Unfortunately, we don't have a reliable(rely) way to predict.
②To be honest, he is not a man who can be relied(rely) on.
③Many people now would rely on surfing(surf) the Internet rather than read newspaper for news.
④I rely on him for everything；he's my right arm.
[再写美]——一句多译
你可以相信他会准时来的。
⑤You can rely on/upon his coming on time.(doing)
⑥You can rely on/upon him to come on time.(to do)
⑦You can rely on/upon it that he will come on time.(it作形式宾语)
rely v． 依靠，依赖
rely on/upon 依靠，依赖
rely on/upon...to do/doing... 依赖……做……
rely on/upon sb./sth.for sth. 在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
rely on it that... 指望……，相信……
[佳句背诵] (1)Don't rely on going abroad for our holiday；we may not be able to afford it.
不要指望去国外度假，我们可能负担不起。
(2)The manager thought he was a reliable person and told him about the new plan.
经理认为他是一个可靠的人，并把关于新计划的内容告诉了他。
rescue v．& n．营救，拯救，救援
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①We often hear stories of animals rescuing(rescue) people.
②(全国卷Ⅰ) I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
③Many parents couldn't hold back their tears when a rescuer(rescue) carried a teenage girl out of the ruins.
[再写美]——微写作
④这个23岁女孩的尖叫引来了一位过路人前去营救她。
The 23 year old's screams alerted a passer by who went to her rescue．
(1)rescue...from... 从……中营救……
go/come to one's rescue 去/来救某人
(2)rescuer n. 营救人员
[佳句背诵] “Never for a second，” the boy told the reporter, “did I doubt that my father would come to my rescue.”
这个男孩告诉记者：“我一秒钟都没有怀疑我的父亲会来救我。”
claim n．& v．要求；主张；声称；认领；索取；夺去
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Seborga (塞波加) is a small village that declared itself independent in the 1960s，claiming(claim) it was never properly incorporated (合并) into Italy.
②It is claimed that some doctors are working 80 hours a week.
③The program claims to let(let) children “Learn from Classics, Act in Practice”．
[再写美]——一句多译
他声称这辆汽车是他的。
④He claimed to be the owner of the car.
⑤He claimed that he was the owner of the car.
⑥His claim was that he was the owner of the car.
(1)claim to do... 声称做……
It is claimed that... 据称……
(2)make a claim 声称，断言
[佳句背诵] (1)He claimed to report it to the police unless the damage was paid.
他声称要向警察报告，除非赔偿损失。
(2)It is claimed that humor not only affects patients' moods, but actually helps them recover faster.
据说，幽默不仅能影响病人的情绪，还能使他们早日康复。
threat n．威胁
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①There's no snake known that will habitually attack human beings unless threatened(threat) with its life.
②The hijackers (劫持犯) threatened to kill(kill) one passenger every hour if their demands were not met.
③Terrorism is a threat to the whole country so we are determined to fight against it.
[再写美]——句式升级
④(普通表达)The student was threatened by his classmates, so he didn't tell the truth to the teacher.
(高级表达)Threatened by his classmates，the student didn't tell the truth to the teacher.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)a threat to... 对……的威胁
(2)threaten v. 威胁，恐吓
threaten sb.with... 用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth. 威胁去做某事
[佳句背诵] Just at that time, the wolf might feel the threats from the people, starting to withdraw.
就在那个时候，狼可能感觉到来自人的威胁，开始撤退。(浙江卷)
otherwise conj.否则，不然 adv.用别的方法；其他方面；除此以外；否则，不然
[先练会]——写出下列句中otherwise的词性及含义
①(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time.conj.否则
②My parents lent me the money.Otherwise, I couldn't have afforded the trip.adv.否则，不然
③There was some music playing upstairs.Otherwise the house was silent.adv.除此以外
④It is not permitted to sell or otherwise distribute copies of past examination papers.adv.其他方面
[再写美]——微写作
⑤我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就给他打电话了。
We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.
⑥他又老又病，否则他现在就工作了。
He is old and sick；otherwise he would be working right now.
and otherwise 等等；及其他
or otherwise 或相反；或其他情况
[佳句背诵] (1)I argue that every one of us should try our best to help those in need. Otherwise we'll have to answer for our selfishness sooner or later.
我认为我们每一个人都应当尽力去帮助有困难的人。否则，我们迟早要为我们的自私付出代价。
(2)Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.
告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则你会有麻烦。
[名师点津] otherwise意为“否则，不然”时，根据句意，其中的“条件”是真实的，就用陈述语气；如果其中的“条件”是不真实的，就用虚拟语气。
now that引导原因状语从句
(教材原句)Now that it's hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space...
既然避免地球上的灾难很难，或许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去……
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Now that you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
②I felt pretty upset because of what Mary said, but I tried not to think about it too much.
[再写美]——微写作
③因为没钱，我们没法买新汽车。
Since/Now that we have no money, we can't buy a new car.
④她一定是一早就出去了，因为她没来吃早饭。
She must have gone out early，for she didn't show up at breakfast.
⑤是因为他生病了所以他今天没有来上学。
It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school today.
now that意为“既然，由于”是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，表示明显的原因或既成的事实。在口语中that常可省略。
其他表示原因的连词或介词短语：
(1)because因为(表示直接而明确的原因，语气较重，常用于回答why的疑问)
(2)since因为，既然(可与now that互换)
(3)as因为(语气较弱)
(4)for因为(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首，表示进一步补充说明)
(5)due to、because of、on account of、owing to、thanks to、as a result of等介词短语
[佳句背诵] Now that you have finished your work, you'd better have a rest.
既然你已经做完工作了，你最好休息一下。
whatever引导让步状语从句
(教材原句)But Mom said that whatever happens，we should always try to see the good side of things.
但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Whenever he returns to this place, he is happy and contented.
②(2020·新高考山东卷满分作文)However difficult it was, no participants gave up halfway.
[再写美]——句型转换
③Every year, anyone who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
→Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
(1)whatever、whoever、whichever、whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(2)whenever、wherever、however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(3)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
[佳句背诵] Whatever a man's age is, he can relax himself by wearing a confident smile.
不管一个男人的年龄是多少，他都能通过自信的微笑放松自己。
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7：30 am to 5：00 pm and is located(位于) at Roma Street station.n.财产
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai. adj.特别的
3．(江苏卷)The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to check our claims, and to judge our actions. n．主张；声明
4．(2018·江苏卷)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. adj.足够的
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．(2020·江苏卷)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men.adv.其他方面
2．(2018·北京卷)I remember back to my 7th year in school.In my first P．E.class, the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.n.(跑道等的)一圈
3．Knowledge of French is a plus in her job.n.优势
4．(全国卷Ⅱ)Later，engineers managed to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels, which became known as the Tube.n.地铁
5．The accident claimed five lives.v.夺去(生命)
Ⅲ.一词多义
1. 根据语境选出tube的词性及含义
(1)It was said that the only baseball game he saw was on the tube.__C__
(2)His wife travels to the office by tube every morning.__B__
(3)He is fed by a tube that enters his nose.__A__
2. 根据语境选出claim的词性及含义
A．v.声称 B．v.要求；认领
C．v.索取 D．v.夺去
E．v.赢得 F．n.声称；断言
G．n.索赔
(1)Make sure your claims for expenses are submitted by the end of the month.__G__
(2)It was believed that the car crash claimed three lives.__D__
(3)The singer has denied the magazine's claim that she is leaving the band.__F__
(4)She has finally claimed a place on the team.__E__
(5)You could have claimed the cost of the hotel room from your insurance.__C__
(6)Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer.__A__
(7)Now they are returning to claim what was theirs.__B__
3. 根据语境选出occur的词性及含义
(1)It occurred to me that I had ever seen him before.__B__
(2)Drunk driving used to occur frequently in our city, but now such cases are rare.__A__
提能训练二 话题微写作(单元词汇、句式、语法综合运用)
1．补全要点句
①飓风、台风、火山喷发等自然灾害的发生经常出现在人们的身边。(hurricane, typhoon, erupt, occur)
Hurricane, typhoon, volcanic eruption and other natural disasters often occur around people.
②人们投入了数十亿美元的资金发射人造卫星以加强对这些灾害的预测。(billion, satellite, forecast)
People have invested billions of dollars in launching satellites to strengthen the forecast of these disasters.
③既然有些灾害无法避免，那么危机发生后进行可靠的援救就显得非常重要了。(now that, crisis, rescue)
Now that some disasters cannot be avoided, carrying out reliable rescue after the crises is very important.
④现在中国已经建立了一套完善的救援机制，以确保威胁到来时能最大限度地保护人们的生命和财产安全。(threat, property)
Now China has established a set of perfect rescue mechanism to ensure the maximum protection of people's lives and property when the threats come．
⑤毕竟，生命重于泰山，做好充足的准备工作至关重要。(after all, sufficient)
After all, saving lives is of paramount importance, so it is vital to make sufficient preparations．
2．升级平淡句
⑥将句②改为被动语态形式
Billions of dollars have been invested in launching satellites to strengthen the forecast of these disasters.
⑦将句③用it作形式主语改写
Now that some disasters cannot be avoided, it is very important to carry out reliable rescue after the crises.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：in view of this, however)
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One possible version：
Hurricane, typhoon, volcanic eruption and other natural disasters often occur around people.In view of this, billions of dollars have been invested in launching satellites to strengthen the forecast of these disasters.However, now that some disasters cannot be avoided, it is very important to carry out reliable rescue after the crises.Now China has established a set of perfect rescue mechanism to ensure the maximum protection of people's lives and property when the threats come.After all, saving lives is of paramount importance, so it is vital to make sufficient preparations.
提能训练三 读后续写18——“人与社会/人与自我”篇之完美结尾真善美，保持镇静，帮助别人
1．(全国卷Ⅰ)有一件事是肯定的——如此靠近那辆着火的车并不在拉里的职责范围内！他的努力最有可能救了这位女士的命。
One thing is for certain—Larry went above and beyond the call of duty by getting so close to the burning vehicle! His efforts most likely saved the woman's life.
2．无论发生什么事都要保持冷静，这样你就能克服任何困难/挑战。
Keep calm no matter what happened, and then you can overcome any difficulty/challenge.
3．你面对危险时的反应才是关键。
It is how you react in face of danger that makes a difference．
A卷——小题夯基练
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten(威胁) to end human life on our planet.
2．He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable(可靠的)．
3．An announcement(通知) made by the Ministry seemed to contradict this.
4．It suddenly occurred(被想起) to him that he had left his keys in the office.
5．My naughty son broke my favorite album.I was about to erupt(爆发) when my wife calmed me down.
6．It was estimated that the economic losses were more than 9.7 billion(十亿) yuan.
7．As is announced in today's newspaper, we have launched another man made satellite(卫星)．
8．China hopes that New Zealand will pay high attention to its dairy exports so as to guarantee the interests of Chinese consumers and avoid similar crises(危机) in the future.
9．Welcome to today's weather forecast(预报), brought to you by your internet service provider.
Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．We all know that she is an exceptionally(exception) talented player.
2．The man was holding an old umbrella，sheltering(shelter) his son from the rain.
3．The doctor visited our lab，claiming(claim) that he had discovered a cure for the disease.
4．She made her announcement (announce) after talks with the president.
5．Having been predicted one day ahead, the volcanic eruption(erupt) didn't kill anyone.
6．(2018·北京卷)But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence(occur) of anger.
7．(2019·北京卷)Some students don't have a reliable(rely) car, while others have to share vehicles with parents who work six days a week.
8．The lack of natural resources is one of the crises(crisis) faced by humans.
9．(2019·江苏卷)Wildlife has been greatly threatened(threat) in the modern age.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．Keep on working so hard，otherwise/or you will fail to reach your goal.
2．The fact is that his income is sufficient to keep(keep) him very comfortable.
3．A young man wrote to the leader，threatening to blow(blow) up the building.
4．Where was it that you picked up some Spanish when you were young
5．It occurred to him that he had an important meeting to attend the next morning.
6．It was lucky that the little girl was rescued from a burning building.
7．It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
8．Whatever you say, I will not believe you.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．无论我何时陷入危机，我的好友们都尽量帮我走出困境。
No matter when/Whenever I get into a crisis，my best friends always try to help me out.
2．既然你已经听说了那个灾难的事情，就让我们帮帮那些人吧。
Now that you have heard about the disaster，let's help those people.
3．我们在那个小村庄迷路了，否则的话，我们昨天能参观更多的名胜古迹。
We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we would have visited more places of interest yesterday.
4．Nowadays we rely on computers to organize our work.
→Nowadays we rely on it that computers organize our work．(it作形式宾语)
5．我突然想起我应该提前给他打个电话。
(1)It suddenly occurred to me that I should call him in advance.(occur)
(2)It suddenly struck me that I should call him in advance.(strike)
(3)It suddenly hit me that I should call him in advance.(hit)
B卷——大题提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021·山东章丘模拟)This month, when earthquakes rocked Southern California on back to back days, it was a shocking reminder that we may one day experience the “Big One”， a quake with the power to kill and destroy.However, a few people saw something else: a photo opportunity.
Tourists flocked to a large crack in a highway to see evidence of the damage for themselves and, of course, take a quick selfie (自拍)．
It was only the latest example of how our modern love of sharing photos we take of ourselves in notable situations is colliding with nature and the world, often in confusing and even dangerous ways.
In Canada, a sunflower farm barred visitors last year after selfie seekers destroyed flowers and left the land looking like a zombie apocalypse (僵尸启示录)．In Spain, a man was gored in the neck last weekend while trying to take a video selfie at the annual running of the bulls in Pamplona.
The selfie phenomenon entered the mainstream after Apple and other phonemakers added front facing cameras starting in 2010, the same year Instagram and other photo sharing apps were becoming popular.From 2011 to 2017, more than 250 people died while taking selfies, according to a study by researchers in India, which had by far the highest number of such deaths, followed by Russia and the United States.Many died after drowning, falling or being attacked by an animal.Most were under the age of 30.
It's easy to be uncomfortable with selfies and even mock them, especially when they're risky or in bad taste.But some researchers have explored different questions: Why do we take selfies Can they ever be a healthy form of expression Can selfies be used for good
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章用南加州地震后人们蜂拥去目睹高速公路上的裂缝还快速自拍的例子引出话题：很多现代人热爱自拍，并且会在重要场合分享照片，而且往往是以令人困惑甚至危险的方式。
1．Why does the author mention the earthquake happened in Southern California
A．To show how severe the earthquake is.
B．To warn the readers of the dangers in the earthquake.
C．To introduce the risky behavior of the crazy selfie takers.
D．To show how scared people are when earthquake happened.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It was only the latest example of how our modern love of sharing photos we take of ourselves in notable situations is colliding with nature and the world, often in confusing and even dangerous ways.(这只是一个最新的例子，说明我们在重要场合分享照片的现代爱好是如何与自然和世界发生冲突的，而且往往是以令人困惑甚至危险的方式)”可推断，作者提到发生在南加州的地震是为了介绍疯狂自拍者的冒险行为。故选C。
2．The sunflower farm in Canada barred visitors, because________．
A．there are too many visitors
B．the farm used to be devastated by selfie seekers
C．the sunflowers are supposed to be well protected
D．the farm owner did not want others to enjoy the beautiful sunflowers
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In Canada, a sunflower farm barred visitors last year after selfie seekers destroyed flowers and left the land looking like a zombie apocalypse (僵尸启示录)．(去年，在加拿大，一家向日葵农场禁止游客前来参观，原因是寻求自拍的人破坏了花朵，让这片土地看起来像僵尸启示录的场景)”可知，加拿大的向日葵农场禁止游客进入，因为该农场曾被自拍爱好者破坏。故选B。
3．What is the right order of the following countries according to the number of selfie deaths
A．The US, India, Russia.
B．Russia, the US, India.
C．India, Russia, the US.
D．India, the US, Russia.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“From 2011 to 2017, more than 250 people died while taking selfies, according to a study by researchers in India, which had by far the highest number of such deaths, followed by Russia and the United States.(根据印度研究人员的一项研究，从2011年到2017年，超过250人在自拍时死亡。印度是自拍死亡人数最多的国家，其次是俄罗斯和美国)”可知，按照顺序，自拍死亡人数最多的国家分别是印度、俄罗斯、美国。故选C。
4．How did the author feel about selfie
A．Positive. B．Negative.
C．Ambiguous. D．Uncaring.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，人们很容易对自拍感到不舒服，甚至嘲笑它们，尤其是当它们很危险或品味很差的时候。但一些研究人员探索了不同的问题：我们为什么要自拍？它们能成为一种健康的表达形式吗？自拍能有好的用途吗？由此可推知，作者对自拍的态度是消极的。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2021·烟台一模)Ever since the University of Bologna in Haly was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities with major cities.1.________
Colleges and universities in the US, though, have followed a different pattern.To be sure, leading universities such as the University of Chicago and Columbia University in New York City call major urban centers home.2.________ In some cases, the university is, for all practical purposes, the whole town.
3．________ Many early colleges and universities were founded by religious (宗教的) groups that sought to educate students far from the distractions of city life.When Harvard University was founded in 1636 by Congregationalist Church ministers, Cambridge, where the university is now located, was quite separate from Boston.Moreover, when the US began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know how to the westward spreading frontier, most were located in small towns.4.________
Given the huge diversity of US higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled.5.________ Don't be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located.Top rated colleges and universities located in lesser known places may amaze you in an unimaginable manner with their high quality and a significant number of their international students.
A．Bloomington is also a great college town.
B．Think the Sorbonne in Paris or Peking University.
C．Set your sights beyond the most well known schools.
D．One reason: there were no major cities there at the time.
E．There was no better recipe for popularity than small campuses.
F．Part of the explanation for this lies in America's distinctive history.
G．But many are located in cities and towns most people have never heard of.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。大多数人都将伟大的大学和大城市联系在一起。但美国是另外一种模式，即许多主要大学在小城市。文章解释了其历史原因，并建议国际学生在选择大学时考虑这一状况。
1．B 解析：根据空格上文“Ever since the University of Bologna in Haly was founded in 1088 as the first modern university, most people have associated great universities with major cities.(自从1088年哈利的博洛尼亚大学作为第一所现代大学成立以来，大多数人都把重点大学与大城市联系起来)”可知，重点大学都在大城市里，因此B项“想想巴黎的索邦大学或北京大学。”符合语境。故选B。
2．G 解析：根据空格上文“Colleges and universities in the US, though, have followed a different pattern.(然而美国的高校遵循了不同的模式)”可知，美国的重点大学并不在大城市里；再根据空格下文“In some cases, the university is, for all practical purposes, the whole town.(在某些情况下，大学实际上是整个镇子)”可知，空格处承上启下。因此G项“但许多大学都位于大多数人从未听说过的城镇。” 符合语境，故选G。
3．F 解析：根据空格下文内容可知，许多早期的学院和大学是由宗教团体建立的，这些团体试图教育学生远离城市生活的干扰。哈佛大学建在相当独立的波士顿。此外，当美国在19世纪60年代开始建立公立大学时，大多数位于小城镇。因此推断本段主要介绍美国的大学不位于大城市的历史原因。F项“部分原因在于美国独特的历史。”符合语境，故选F。
4．D 解析：根据空格上文“Moreover, when the US began building a network of public universities in the 1860s to bring agricultural and technical research and know how to the westward spreading frontier, most were located in small towns.(此外，当美国在19世纪60年代开始建立公立大学网络，从而将农业和技术研究以及专门知识带到向西扩展的边疆时，大多数大学都位于小城镇)”可推断，D项“一个原因是当时那里没有大城市。”符合语境。故选D。
5．C 解析：根据空格上文“Given the huge diversity of US higher education, the message for international students shopping for a great university is doubled.(考虑到美国高等教育的巨大多样性，要寻找一所好学校的国际学生信息增加了一倍)”以及空格下文“Don't be put off if you have never heard of the city or town where a school is located.(如果你从未听说过学校所在的城市或城镇，不要反感)”可推断，C项“让你的视野超越最著名的学校。”符合语境。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2021·山东泰安模拟)Most people get rid of their leftover foods，but in Nigerian born visual artist Haneefah Adam's kitchen，they're put to good use.
Adam，28，is famous for __1__ food in creative ways，using it to make portraits and other works of art.She has __2__ been artistic.Her mother said she had a __3__ for art.Now，she's building a career out of changing food into art.“I do __4__ portraits and also often sew and paint，but what __5__ me most is food art，”she says.Adam is inspired by __6__ things，including life experiences and culture.She __7__ everything around her as something that can be made into art.
In 2016，she __8__ the TechMeetsArtNG exhibition，which was __9__ and funded by Samsung Nigeria and Rele Gallery.“__10__ the competition，my art was mostly random，and I was just recording food art on social media.But after winning，I started to think about __11__ making a living from food art，”she says.
Winning the competition kick started Adam's __12__ and her full time job is now __13__ art for food brands such as Maggi and Dangote Salt.“I want to __14__ in more exhibitions.I currently live in Kwara，northern Nigeria；it is difficult to __15__ in the country's art scene from here，” she says.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了来自尼日利亚的年轻女艺术家把日常的食物变成艺术品的故事。她从开始自己随意设计到后来获奖，把这门艺术变成了自己的职业。
1．A.distributing B．mixing
C．presenting D．selling
C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：28岁的亚当以创造性的方式展示食物而闻名，她用食物来制作肖像和其他艺术品。distribute意为“分配、散布”，mix意为“(使)混合”，present意为“赠送、呈现、展示”，sell意为“销售、出售”。根据句意可知，这是她用创造性的方法来“展示”食物。故选C。
2．A.always B．hardly
C．never D．usually
A 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一直很有艺术气质。always意为“总是、一直”，hardly意为“几乎”，never意为“从不”，usually意为“通常、经常”。根据语境和下文提到她妈妈说她从小就有艺术天赋可知，她一直以来都具有艺术气质。故选A。
3．A.dilemma B．reputation
C．standard D．talent
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：她母亲说她有艺术天赋。dilemma意为“困境”，reputation意为“名声、名望”，standard意为“标准”，talent意为“才能、天才”。根据上文提到她一直以来都具有艺术气质可知，她具有艺术天赋。have a talent for意为“有做某事的天赋”，是固定短语。故选D。
4．A.alternative B．regular
C．compulsory D．specific
B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我经常画肖像，也经常缝纫和绘画，但最让我兴奋的是食物艺术。alternative意为“供选择的”，regular意为“定期的、经常的”，compulsory意为“义务的”，specific意为“特殊的”。根据下文的also often sew and paint可知，她经常画一些素描肖像画。故选B。
5．A.excites B．puzzles
C．rejects D．presses
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但最让我兴奋的是食物艺术。excite意为“使兴奋”，puzzle意为“使困惑”，reject意为“拒绝”，press意为“按压”。根据上句提到亚当经常画肖像，也经常缝纫和绘画以及but可知，最令她兴奋的是食物艺术。故选A。
6．A.artificial B．modest
C．random D．visual
C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚当的灵感来自随机事物，包括生活经历和文化。artificial意为“人造的”，modest意为“谦虚的”，random意为“随机的”，visual意为“视觉的”。根据下文“my art was mostly random”可知，她的艺术作品基本都是随机的。故选C。
7．A.collects B．devotes
C．inspects D．sees
D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她看来，周围的一切都可以被做成艺术品。collect意为“收集”，devote意为“致力于”，inspect意为“检查、视察”，see意为“看见、理解”。根据语境可知，她的灵感来自生活中随意的事情，所以此处表示她把自己周边的一切事物都看成可以被创作成艺术的灵感素材。故选D。
8．A.competed B．held
C．won D．performed
C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年，她赢得了由三星尼日利亚和瑞拉画廊联合赞助和资助的科技遇见艺术展览。compete意为“竞争、对抗”，hold意为“握住、具体、抬起”，win意为“赢得”，perform意为“执行、表演”。根据下文的But after winning可知，她获胜了。故选C。
9．A.sponsored B．donated
C．expanded D．possessed
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。sponsor意为“赞助”，donate意为“捐赠”，expand意为“扩大”，possess意为“拥有、具有”。根据后面并列的funded可知，三星尼日利亚和瑞拉画廊赞助了这次展览比赛。故选A。
10．A.After B．Since
C．While D．Before
D 解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：在比赛之前，我的艺术作品大多是随机的，我只是在社交媒体上记录食品艺术。after意为“在……之后”，since意为“自从、因为”，while意为“当……时、尽管”，before意为“在……之前”。根据语境可知，此处和下文的But after winning构成前后转折。故选D。
11．A.actively B．frequently
C．mildly D．roughly
A 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：但在获奖后，我开始积极考虑以食品艺术为生。actively意为“积极地”，frequently意为“频繁地”，mildly意为“温和地”，roughly意为“粗糙地”。根据语境可知，在比赛前亚当的艺术大多是随机的，但是赢得比赛后她就积极考虑以食品艺术为生了，此处表示前后相反。故选A。
12．A.view B．space
C．reward D．career
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：赢得比赛开启了亚当的职业生涯，她现在的全职工作是为美极和丹格特食盐等食品品牌创作艺术品。view意为“观点、看法”，space意为“空间、太空”，reward意为“报酬、奖励”，career意为“职业、生涯”。根据and her full time job可知，此处指开启了亚当的职业生涯。故选D。
13．A.learning B．creating
C．advertising D．developing
B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。learn意为“学习”，create意为“创造”，advertise意为“做广告”develop意为“发展”。根据上文提到她用创造性的方法来展示食物，并因此获奖可知，她现在为那些品牌食物创造各种艺术形式。故选B。
14．A.give B．bring
C．result D．participate
D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想参加更多的展览。give意为“给”，bring意为“拿来”，result意为“导致”，participate意为“参加”。根据下句的“我现在住在尼日利亚北部的夸拉，在这里很难改变这个国家的艺术现状”可知，亚当只能参加更多展览来推广她的创意。故选D。
15．A.set an example B．have a try
C．make a difference D．break a record
C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我现在住在尼日利亚北部的夸拉，在这里很难改变这个国家的艺术现状。set an example意为“树立榜样”，have a try意为“尝试”，make a difference意为“有影响”，break a record意为“打破记录”。根据语境可知，她想参加更多的展览比赛。是因为目前她生活的地方无法给她更多的机会，让她在食物设计艺术方面取得更多的成功，有更大的影响。故选C。
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2021·广州调研)We all know clean water is important for good health.But now we also know we should watch 1.____________ we keep our water in.Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material 2.____________(call) BPA can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies.Since 2011, many countries 3.____________(ban) plastic with BPA from use in food containers and baby bottles.But are other non BPA plastics safe
Plastic labeled BPA free might use other chemicals that have 4.____________(harm) health effects.5.____________(Study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects as BPA.So, what should people do The 6.____________(good) material to drink from is glass, 7.____________ has no chemicals that can poison water.
Another good choice 8.____________ a drink container is stainless steel.Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum bottles, which are covered with a thin plastic 9.____________(protect) the metal from acids.There are many good food grade stainless steel water bottles on the market.
If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle, avoid 10.____________(keep) it in the sun.Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of chemicals into your drinking water.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们日常使用的塑料瓶中含有BPA这种有害成分，而最安全的方式是使用玻璃制品，并介绍了使用塑料瓶的注意事项。
1．what 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：我们都知道干净的水对健康很重要。但我们现在也知道了需要关注把水放在什么地方保存。分析句子结构可知，此句为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应使用关系代词what引导。故填what。
2．called 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：塑料瓶是用叫作BPA的危险物质硬化的，这种物质会在水中释放对身体有害的物质。分析句子结构可知，句中存在谓语动词release，且material与call之间为被动关系，因此空处需使用过去分词形式。故填called。
3．have banned 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：自从2011年起，很多国家就禁止在食物容器和婴儿奶瓶中使用含BPA的塑料了。句首时间状语since 2011表明此句应使用现在完成时。故填have banned。
4．harmful 解析：考查形容词。句意：标明不含BPA的塑料容器可能会含有其他有害健康的化学物质。根据句意可知，此处应使用harm的形容词形式。故填harmful。
5．Studies 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：多个研究表明，少量这些化学物质可能会产生和BPA相同的影响。分析句子结构可知，助动词have为原型，根据主谓一致原则，前面主语study应为复数形式。故填Studies。
6．best 解析：考查形容词的最高级。句意：用来喝水的容器最好的材质是玻璃。通过分析语境可知，塑料瓶对身体有危害，玻璃瓶是最好的选择，且空前有定冠词the，应使用good的最高级形式。故填best。
7．which 解析：考查非限定性定语从句。句意：用来喝水的容器最好的材质是玻璃，它不含对身体有害的物质。分析句子结构可知，此句为非限定性定语从句，先行词是glass，在从句中作主语，应使用关系词which来引导。故填which。
8．for/as 解析：考查介词。句意：用来喝水的容器的另一个好选择是不锈钢。根据句意可知，此处所填词意为“用来/作为”，再分析句子结构可知，应填入介词for/as意为“用来/作为”。故填for/as。
9．to protect 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：不锈钢杯比铝杯好，铝杯含有一层塑料用来防止金属锈蚀。分析句子结构可知，从句中已存在谓语动词are covered，因此空格处应使用非谓语动词，且plastic与protect之间为目的性关系，应使用不定式形式。故填to protect。
10．keeping 解析：考查固定用法。句意：如果决定了使用能反复利用的塑料瓶，要避开阳光使用。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，因此应使用keep的动词 ing形式。故填keeping。
写作新题型(六)
Ⅰ.应用文写作
(2021·肇庆一模)假定你是李华，你们学校正在举行有关垃圾分类(garbage sorting)的英语演讲比赛。请写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1.垃圾分类的现状；
2.能做的事情。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
I'm Lihua.____________________ ____________________________________
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One possible version：
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
I'm Li Hua.It's a great honor for me to deliver my speech about garbage sorting, a hot topic recently.
As Shanghai issued a mandatory household sorting, Beijing followed its suit.Yet the reality seems remote from vision.So as middle school students, we are supposed to raise our awareness and take action.As for how we can help in the daily life, I think, there are three ways.Firstly, at home, we can help classify the household garbage, putting different kinds of garbage into the trash cans of different colors.Secondly, in the school, we can organize some activities to reuse the materials in the recycling trash can.Last but not least, we can publicize it directly in the communities to call on more people to take part in it.
Though we are young and our power is limited, every effort we take counts!
Thank you!
Ⅱ.读后续写
阅读下面的材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021·日照四地模拟)I peered over my grandma's shoulder as she sewed pieces of cloth together.The two pieces became one faster than I'd imagined.The colors, however, looked ugly when put together and none of the patterns matched.All the patches (补丁) on this blanket seemed to disagree.
“Grandma，that's the ugliest quilt (棉被) I've ever seen.”
“Oh, sweetie, it's warm and beautiful，” said Grandma, pointing to a pile of crazy patterned shirts and suits.“I can take these old clothes that Grandpa and I will never wear again and turn them into something useful and good.It's not the quilts appearance but the love that sews it together that makes it beautiful.This quilt will keep you warm on a cold night like tonight.And I know that for a fact.” Grandma put her hand on my shoulder, “Not everyone is as lucky as we are.Here, put on your coat.We'll get a second opinion about how ugly my quilts are.”
Grandma folded a finished quilt and tucked it into a shopping bag.Afterwards, we got in the car and drove downtown.The white snow turned grayer as we got to the city.Eventually, Grandma pulled up at a dark alley (胡同) and we got out of the car.The terrible smell of rotting garbage made me feel sick and pinch my nose shut.Grandma took my hand and led me to the street lamp.I could see the snow shimmering (发出微光) in the light.
Grandma paused.“There's usually somebody down this alley.It's quiet and out of the wind—a good place to stay on cold nights.A nice warm quilt might make it even better.”
The dark engulfed (吞没) Grandma and I as we stepped deep into the alley.The pavement was cracked and missing in spots.Chicken bones and stained boxes littered their way.And Grandma's shoes made a loud sound with each step.Feeling frightened, I squeezed Grandma's hand.Grandma squeezed my hand back.“It's OK，” she smiled.
“Who's there？” shouted a voice out of the darkness.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
“I have a nice warm quilt, if you want it，” said Grandma.______________
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Back home, I found a worn out quilt by accident in a cupboard.____________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
“I have a nice warm quilt, if you want it，” said Grandma.After a while, a beam of light appeared and a lady walked out of the darkness.Grandma opened the shopping bag and pulled out the multicolored quilt.“That's pretty and it looks warm，” the lady exclaimed and took the quilt, her eyes filled with tears of gratitude.As we walked back down the alley, I looked over my shoulder and saw the lady holding the quilt tightly to her face.“You're right, Grandma.That is a beautiful quilt.” On our ride back home, the lady's grateful words were still ringing in my ears.
Back home, I found a worn out quilt by accident in a cupboard.I asked Grandma curiously, “Grandma, why is there a quilt here？” After a moment of silence, Grandma began to share her own story.On a freezing night decades ago, as a poor young woman sleeping in the same alley, Grandma was offered a quilt, which warmed her up.She was determined to pass the love forward.That's why Grandma sewed the old clothes together and made quilts for those in need.After hearing the story, I gave Grandma the biggest hug ever.I thought of all the clothes I didn't want to wear anymore and knew what Grandma and I would do the next morning.
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