(共157张PPT)
英语
第一部分 基础考点聚焦
选择性必修第一册
Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
01
语基夯实 课前闯关
02
创意课堂 多维突破
04
课后达标 知能提升
03
高效演练 素养提能
debt
pace
mere
dawn
blessing
classic
enthusiastic
upset
rarely
guarantees
inform
informed
information
reject
rejection
worthy
worth
worthwhile
elect
election
appreciative
appreciate
appreciation
gentleness
gentle
gently
embarrassed
embarrass
embarrassment
embarrassing
delight
delighted
delightful
gently
informing
election
elected
embarrassment
embarrassing
embarrassed
delight
delighted
delightful
appreciating
appreciation
worthy of
take...for example
have...in common(with...)
a total of...
to the full
begin with
be made up of
make use of
at midnight
to the full
have
in common
make use of
worthy of
a total of
Wander in this frame of mind and you will open
so happy that
Only when we are aware that needs are different from desires can we live
at
with
set the pace
at a more relaxed and unhurried pace
informed
information
of
inform you of
is guaranteed
under
to succeed
Guarantee to behave yourself
to save
worth
buying
The factory is worth visiting/a visit.
The factory is worthy of a visit.
The factory is worthy of being visited.
The factory is worthy to be visited.
It's worthwhile to visit/visiting the factory.
to hear
about/over/at
What upset him was
It upset him
which upset him
was elected
election
as
will be elected to take part in
appreciation
being treated
it
appreciative
in appreciation of
in
delighted
I am more than delighted
What delights me most is that
about/at
embarrassing
embarrassed
embarrassment
Embarrassed about his mistakes
or
and
Give me a chance
If you give me a chance
did
realize
Only
did I discover
Only if you are devoted to your study can you make
adv.一夜之间
adj.永久的
n．比赛
adj.满腔热忱的
v.(因焦虑或不耐烦)在……走来走去
v.覆盖
n.情义；恩情
n.保证金；抵押品
C
B
A
D
C
B
A
A
C
B
a blessing
have to persevere
begin with failure
in an embarrassing situation
even criticized
Take Tom for example
was heavily in debt
was rejected
full of enthusiasm
made use of all kinds of resources
worthy of being learned
to the full
work hard, and you will get good outcome
extremely
was
thrown
a world of darkness
hopelessness
delighted
embarrassing
appreciate
worthy
reject
informed
blessing
dawn
merely
pace
appreciation
rarely
rejections
enthusiastic
blessing
gently
delightful
election
at
that
with/at
of
in
taking
to learn
What
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize
Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see
keep us informed of his daily life
would appreciate it if you could reply
What embarrassed him
It embarrassed him
He was embarrassed
To his embarrassment
C．went off
C．attempting
B．pulled over
A.thought
D．pushed
C．Meanwhile
A.grateful
B．good
A.help out
B．caught
A.hate
D．rather than
D．count
A.pride
B．choosing
growth
to help
wisely
an
was approved
against
allowing
who/that
added
ideas Unit 2 Onwards and upwards
(一)高频重点词汇分类记忆，用时少，功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的含义，不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.nevertheless adv. □2.persevere v.
□3.outcome n. □4.blanket n.
□5.contest n. □6.outline n.
□7.permanent adj. □8.literary adj.
□9.overnight adv. □10.criticism n．,
[自主核对区]
1．然而，不过 2.锲而不舍，坚持不懈
3．结果，后果 4.毯子，毛毯
5．比赛，竞赛 6.外形，轮廓
7．永久的，长久的 8.文学的
9．突然，一下子 10.批评；指责
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
[辨词义·写词形]
1．debt n． 债务，欠债
2．pace n. 速度，进度
3．mere adj. 仅仅，只不过
4．dawn n. 黎明，破晓
5．blessing n. 幸运，幸事
6．classic adj. 名著，经典作品
7．enthusiastic adj. 热心的，热衷的
[入语境·重活用]
1．(2019·天津卷)Uncontrolled human activities greatly upset(扰乱) ecosystems.
2．(2018·北京卷)Anger is rarely(很少) looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
3．(天津卷)Our Standard Course guarantees(保证) a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language.
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1．inform vt.告知；通知→informed adj.见多识广的→information n．信息
2．reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用→rejection n．拒绝，抵制
3．worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的→worth adj.值得；值……钱 n．价值→worthwhile adj.重要的；令人愉快的；值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)的
4．elect vt.选择；决定做某事；选举某人→election n．选举；当选；选举权
5．appreciative adj.感激的→appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．感激，感谢；欣赏；理解
6．gentleness n．和蔼；温和→gentle adj.和善的，温和的→gently adv.和善地，温和地
7．embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的→embarrass vt.使窘迫→embarrassment n．困窘；尴尬→embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的
8．delight n．快乐；高兴；喜悦 vt.使高兴；使欣喜→delighted adj.高兴的→delightful adj.使人快乐的
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2019·江苏卷)Steve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently(gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)On March 19, Dennis got a group text informing(inform) him that a couple he didn't know were at the hospital, waiting for the arrival of a baby.
3．Though he failed many times in election, he never lost heart and at last he was elected President of that country.(elect)
4．Much to my embarrassment, he asked me some embarrassing questions about my personal life, which made other guests also embarrassed．(embarrass)
5．He takes great delight in proving others wrong.When he did it, he felt delighted．But I don't think what he does is delightful．(delight)
6．In the letter，he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my appreciation made him confident again.(appreciate)
(二)高频短语串记记牢用活，不枯燥，兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1．worthy of 值得……的
2．take...for example 以……为例
3．have...in common(with...) 与……在……方面有相同之处
4．a total of... 总共……
5．to the full 充分地；尽量
6．begin with 以……开始
7．be made up of 由……组成
8．make use of 利用
9．at midnight 在半夜
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1．(江苏卷)—Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long life
—Living every day to the full，definitely.
2．(浙江卷) A scientist working at her lab bench and a six month old baby playing with his food might seem to have little in common．
3．Now that you are given such a good chance, you should make use of it to improve your spoken English.
4．He is a respected teacher worthy of the respect of all students in our county.
5．There were a total of 30 people attending this conference.
?会积累(日积月累，联想发散)
1.两种形式的形容词①classic 经典的；一流的 classical 古典的②electric 电动的 electrical 与电有关的③magic 有魔力的 magical 奇妙的④tragic 悲惨的 tragical 悲剧性的 2.以 ism结尾的名词①criticism 批评 ②optimism 乐观 ③pessimism 悲观 ④socialism 社会主义⑤capitalism 资本主义 ⑥communism 共产主义
(三)重点句型仿写背熟巧用，造佳句，表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”继续努力，最终你会读到“我们很高兴通知你……” 祈使句＋and＋陈述句 1.(2018·天津卷)在这种心态中漫步，你会为你的生活打开一个新的维度。Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
On the fourth day, I was so tired that I even didn't want to get out of bed.第四天，我累得连床都不想起。 “so...that...”意为“如此……以至于……” 2.(2020·新高考山东卷)当他发现这一切都是他的时候，他高兴得几乎说不出话来。When he found that it was all to be his, he was so happy that he could hardly speak.
Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.只有当黑暗再次降临到我身上时，我才意识到我留下了多少看不见的东西。 “only＋状语”引起的倒装 3.只有当我们意识到需求不同于欲望时，我们才能生活得很满足。Only when we are aware that needs are different from desires can we live with satisfaction.
pace n．速度；速率；步伐；步态；节奏
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) According to most calculations，race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour.
②To realize China Dream，we should keep pace with the times.
[再写美]——微写作
③你定步调，我跟上。
You set the pace and I'll follow you.
④晚上骑马通常更轻松悠闲。
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace．
at a pace of/at a．..pace 以……速度
keep pace with... (与……)并驾齐驱，齐头并进；跟上……
set the pace 确定速度；起带头作用；树立榜样
[佳句背诵] Surfing the Internet is the most efficient way to keep myself well informed of what is happening at home and abroad and keep pace with modern times.
上网是让我知道国内外发生的事情及与现代同步的最有效的方式。
inform vt.告知，通知；了解；熟悉
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①The boss asked his secretary to keep him well informed(inform) of the programme's progress.
②(2020·天津卷7月)In library books and computers, you can find information(inform) on starting a business.
③Please inform us of your decision and we will act accordingly.
[再写美]——词汇升级
④(普通表达)I'd like to tell you some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.
(高级表达)I'd like to inform you of some detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
(1)inform sb. of sth. 告诉/通知某人某事
inform sb. that... 通知某人……
keep sb. informed (of...) 使某人随时了解(……)
(2)information n. [U]通知；消息；情报；信息
[佳句背诵] I'm Li Hua，the captain of our school volleyball team. I am writing to inform you that our team is going to take part in the National League. 我是李华，是我们学校排球队的队长。我写信是想通知你我们队要参加全国联赛。(2019·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
guarantee vt.保证；担保 n．保证；担保；保修单
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Going out with friends is guaranteed(guarantee) to cheer you up，especially when you are in low spirits.
②My watch is still under guarantee, so they will repair it free of charge.
③We should pay attention to small details, which can guarantee us to succeed(succeed) in the end.
[再写美]——微写作
④受邀到中国朋友家做客时，要保证举止得体。
Guarantee to behave yourself when invited to your Chinese friend's home.
(1)guarantee to do sth./that... 保证/担保做某事；确保……
guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事
(2)give sb. a guarantee (that)．.. 向某人保证……
under guarantee 在保修期内
[佳句背诵] Working hard is not only a guarantee of success, but also it is among the essential requirements.
努力工作不仅是成功的保证，而且是成功必不可少的要求之一。
worthwhile adj.值得做的；重要的
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save(save) his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young.
②The scenery is so beautiful that it is well worth(worthwhile) a visit again.
③He's decided to get a look at the house and see if it might be worth buying(buy)．
[再写美]——一句多译
这家工厂值得参观。
④The factory is worth visiting/a visit.(worth)
⑤The factory is worthy of a visit.(worthy of＋n.)
⑥The factory is worthy of being visited.(worthy of being done)
⑦The factory is worthy to be visited.(worthy to be done)
⑧It's worthwhile to visit/visiting the factory.(worthwhile)
(1)worthwhile常用的结构：
It's worthwhile＋做某事是值得的。
(2)worth常用的结构：
be worth＋n. 值得……；
值……的
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
(3)worthy常用的结构：
be worthy＋ 值得做
[佳句背诵] Since you are interested in traditional Chinese paintings, I think the Chinese paper cutting exhibition is well worth experiencing.
既然你对中国传统绘画感兴趣，我认为这个中国剪纸展很值得体验。(全国卷Ⅱ)
upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 v．使不安；使心烦；打翻
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①I am most upset to hear(hear) that his father has lost his job.
②She was deeply upset about/over/at the way her father treated her.
[再写美]——句式升级
(普通表达)He was upset that his proposal was not discussed at the meeting.
③(高级表达)What upset him was that his proposal was not discussed at the meeting.(what引导的主语从句)
④(高级表达)It upset him that his proposal was not discussed at the meeting.(it作形式主语)
⑤(高级表达)His proposal was not discussed at the meeting, which upset him．(定语从句)
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事心烦
be upset to do sth. 对做某事感到不安
(2)What upsets sb.is... 让某人心烦的是……
It upsets sb.to do sth./that... 让某人心烦的是……
[佳句背诵] She was upset to know that her application for the position was refused.
知道她对这个职位的申请遭到拒绝，她感到很沮丧。
[名师点津] upset是不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词仍然是upset；形容词upset在句中常作表语，表示“(肠胃、身体)不适”时，既可作表语也可作定语。
elect v．选举，推选；选择；决定(做某事)
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Tom was elected(elect) chairman, for he is hard working and responsible.
②If I am lucky enough to win the election(elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after class activities.
③My favourite teacher, Mrs.Wang, was elected as model teacher this year.
[再写美]——微写作
④据说只有两名学生将被选出，去参加即将到来的英语演讲比赛。
It is said that only two students will be elected to take part in the coming English speech contest.
(1)elect sb.(as/to be)＋职位＝be elected (as/to be)＋职位 选举某人担任某职位
(2)elect to do sth. 选择做某事
(3)election n. 选举
[佳句背诵] Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher.
此外，我的英语如此好以至于我当选为我的英语老师的助理。
[名师点津] 在“elect sb.＋职位”结构中，总统、市长等独一无二的职位前不用加任何冠词。
appreciative adj.感激的
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Understanding her good intentions，I eat all the food that is provided by Mom with appreciation(appreciate)．
②I don't appreciate being treated(treat) like a second class citizen.
③I'll appreciate it if you can reply to my letter at your earliest convenience.
④It would be appreciative(appreciate) of you if you could send me some relevant information at your earliest convenience.
[再写美]——同义替换
⑤I write this letter to appreciate all you've done for us.
→I write this letter in appreciation of all you've done for us.
(1)be appreciative of 对……表示感激
(2)appreciate v. 欣赏，赏识；感激，感谢；理解；意识到
appreciate doing... 欣赏/感激做……
I would appreciate it if... 假如……我将不胜感激。
(3)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激；理解
in appreciation of 欣赏；感激
[佳句背诵] I will appreciate it if I could be given the opportunity.
如果能给我机会，我将不胜感激。(2019·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
[名师点津] appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句，有类似用法的动词还有：like、enjoy、hate、love、take、have等。
delight n．高兴；令人高兴的事；乐趣 vt.使高兴；使欣喜
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①No wonder he got a good report. He takes great delight in studying.
②I cannot tell you how delighted(delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
[再写美]——一句多译
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文) 我非常高兴有机会通知你我们学校将举办音乐节。
③I am more than delighted to have a chance to inform you that a music festival will be held in our school. (delighted adj.)
④What delights me most is that I have a chance to inform you that a music festival will be held in our school. (delight vt.)
(1)delight sb. with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
(2)take (great) delight in 以……为乐
with delight 高兴地；愉快地
much to one's delight 使某人非常高兴的是
(3)delighted adj. 高兴的；欣喜的
be delighted to do sth. 为做某事而高兴
[佳句背诵] On seeing the gifts they wanted, the kids screamed with delight.
孩子们看到他们想要的礼物，高兴得尖叫起来。
embarrassed adj.窘迫的；尴尬的
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①He was embarrassed about/at being the centre of attention.
②(浙江卷)The more embarrassing(embarrass) or shameful the secret is, the juicier the gossip it makes.
③He wore an embarrassed(embarrass) expression on his face.
④He tried to hide his embarrassment(embarrass) by telling jokes.
[再写美]——句式升级
⑤(普通表达)He was embarrassed about his mistakes, so he locked himself in his room.
(高级表达)Embarrassed about his mistakes, he locked himself in his room.(过去分词短语作状语)
(1)be embarrassed at/about... 因……感到尴尬
(2)embarrass vt. 使窘迫；使尴尬
(3)embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪；惹麻烦的人或事
to one's embarrassment 令某人尴尬的是
(4)embarrassing adj. 令人不安的；令人尴尬的
[佳句背诵] I hoped he would stop asking awkward questions which really made me embarrassed on such a formal occasion.
我希望他不要再问令人难堪的问题了，在如此正式的场合那样的问题真的让我很尴尬。
祈使句＋and＋陈述句
(教材原句)Keep trying and eventually you will read the words “We are delighted to inform you...”
继续努力，最终你会读到“我们很高兴通知你……”
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Don't be too talkative, or you may leave a poor impression on others.
②A bit more effort, I think, and you will settle the problem.
[再写美]——一句多译
(2018·浙江卷6月)给我一个机会，我会给你更多的回报。
③Give me a chance, and I will reward you with more.
④If you give me a chance, I will reward you with more.
(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If...＋主句
(2)名词词组＋and＋陈述句
(3)祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句＝If...not...＋主句
[佳句背诵] Form good habits of learning and you will improve your learning efficiency.
＝If you form good habits of learning, you will improve your learning efficiency.
养成良好的学习习惯，你就会提高学习效率。
“only＋状语”引起的倒装
(教材原句)Only when darkness had again descended upon me should I realize how much I had left unseen.
只有当黑暗再次降临到我身上时，我才意识到我留下了多少看不见的东西。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Only then did she realize(realize) how much damage had been caused.
②Only by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.
[再写美]——微写作/句型转换
③(湖南卷)只有在和两个学生交谈之后，我才发现强烈的动机是达成目标的最大因素之一。
Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
④You can make great progress only if you are devoted to your study.
→Only if you are devoted to your study can you make great progress.(倒装句)
“only ＋状语(副词、介词短语、从句)”置于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。注意：“only ＋从句”置于句首时，倒装的是主句。
[佳句背诵] (1)Only when you have a better understanding of Chinese table manners can you behave properly.
只有当你对中国的餐桌礼仪有了更好的了解，你才能表现得体。(2018·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
(2)Only when I won the first prize in the spoken English contest did I realize it was important to have a good command of spoken English.
只有当我在英语口语比赛中获得一等奖时我才意识到精通英语口语的重要性。(2018·浙江卷6月满分作文)
[名师点津] only置于句首修饰主语时不用倒装。
Only about one in ten places offered him food that would otherwise be discarded.
只有大约十分之一的地方愿意给他提供即将丢弃的食物。(2019·浙江卷6月)
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible (but not easy) to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. adv.一夜之间
2．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. adj.永久的
3．(浙江卷)I finally came out of the contest as the first prize winner. n．比赛
4．(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. adj.满腔热忱的
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．He found John pacing around the house, unable to sleep.v.(因焦虑或不耐烦)在……走来走去
2．More than a foot of snow blanketed parts of Michigan.v.覆盖
3．I would like to acknowledge my debt to my teachers.n.情义；恩情
4．We had to offer our house as a guarantee when getting the loan.n.保证金；抵押品
Ⅲ.一词多义
1. 根据语境选出outline的词性及含义
(1)At last we could see the dim outline of an island.__C__
(2)The book describes in outline the main findings of the research.__B__
(3)The mayor outlined his plan to clean up the town's image at yesterday's meeting.__A__
2. 根据语境选出reject的词性及含义
A．v.拒绝接受；不予考虑 B．v.不出售
C．v.不够关心；慢待 D．v.排斥
(1)It was feared his body was rejecting a kidney he received in a transplant four years ago.__D__
(2)When her parents left home she felt rejected and helpless.__C__
(3)Imperfect articles are rejected by our quality control.__B__
(4)The government is expected to reject the idea of state subsidy(补贴) for a new high speed railway.__A__
3. 根据语境选出delight的词性及含义
(1)She won the game easily, to the delight of all her fans.__A__
(2)She has created a style of music that has delighted audiences all over the world.__C__
(3)It is a delight to watch the panda tumbling about on the lawn.__B__
提能训练二 话题微写作(单元词汇、句式、语法综合运用)
1．补全要点句
①一个人能够取得成功是一件幸运的事，但是要成功有时需要坚持不懈。(blessing, persevere)
For a person to succeed is a blessing, but sometimes you have to persevere if you want to succeed.
②很多人在做事时往往都是以失败开始，让自己处于尴尬的境地甚至受人批评。(begin with, embarrass, criticize)
Many people often begin with failure when they do things, and that makes them in an embarrassing situation and even criticized．
③以汤姆为例，他在成为百万富翁之前负债累累，被好几家公司拒之门外。(take...for example, debt, reject)
Take Tom for example, he was heavily in debt before he became a millionaire and was rejected by several companies.
④他仍然充满激情，充分发挥自己的聪明才智，利用各种资源，最终取得成功。(enthusiasm, to the full, make use of)
He was still full of enthusiasm, gave play to his intelligence and wisdom to the full, made use of all kinds of resources, and finally achieved success.
⑤他的经历值得我们学习。(worthy of)
His experience is worthy of being learned．
⑥请记住：努力拼搏，才能有好的结果。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句，outcome)
Please remember: work hard, and you will get good outcome．
2．升级平淡句
⑦将句①用it作形式主语改写
It is a blessing__for a person to succeed, but sometimes you have to persevere if you want to succeed.
⑧将句②用定语从句改写
Many people often begin with failure when they do things, which makes them in an embarrassing situation and even criticized.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：however, in the end)
__________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
It is a blessing for a person to succeed, but sometimes you have to persevere if you want to succeed.Many people often begin with failure when they do things, which makes them in an embarrassing situation and even criticized.Take Tom for example, he was heavily in debt before he became a millionaire and was rejected by several companies.However, he was still full of enthusiasm, gave play to his intelligence and wisdom to the full, made use of all kinds of resources, and finally achieved sccess.His experience is worthy of being learned.In the end, please remember: work hard, and you will get good outcome.
提能训练三 读后续写20——用形容词和副词增加细节描述
Ⅰ.翻译实践(表示绝望)
→普通表达：她很绝望。
She felt hopeless/desperate.
→概括描述：用适当的副词修饰形容词
She felt extremely hopeless/desperate.
→细节描述：增加绝望的原因和表现＋句型
绝望的表现：黑暗、抽象意义的名词等
句型：被动句
As a result of the accident, she was suddenly thrown(throw) into a world of darkness(黑暗世界) and sank into hopelessness(hope)．
Ⅱ.迷你语料库(语言描写——心痛和愤怒)
1．“What rich lies！” Nana said after Jalil left. “Rich man telling rich lies. He never took you to any tree. And don't let him charm (迷惑) you. He betrayed us, your beloved father. He cast us out. He cast us out of his big fancy house like we were nothing to him.”
2．If you really care about her, then you make her see that she belongs here at home with her mother. There is nothing out there for her. Nothing but rejection and heartache.
A卷——小题夯基练
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．I'm more than delighted(高兴的) to receive your letter and know that you've been admitted to the University of Cambridge.
2．The breaking of a taboo(禁忌) is usually upsetting or embarrassing(尴尬) for the person concerned and the people around him or her.
3．I'd appreciate(感激) it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
4. Considering his great contributions to the company, he is really worthy(值得) of the position.
5．The Internet users have been warned to reject(拒绝) any messages that ask you to send cash or personal information, no matter how formal they are.
6．All the candidates are required to be at the conference hall at 2 pm unless otherwise informed(通知)．
7．I can do nothing but gaze into the distance and pray in silence to send you my blessing(祝福) by means of light breeze.
8．From dawn(黎明) to dusk, he works countless hours to support our family.
9. I'm sorry, but I merely(仅仅) suggested you should do it again. There's no need to get annoyed.
10．So far, I haven't adapted to the fast pace(步子) of the life in Toronto.
Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2018·江苏卷)China's soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciation(appreciate) and understanding of China globally.
2．No sooner had they moved in than the noise began and rarely(rare) did they get a full night's sleep.
3．(天津卷)Like those early days for Dad，I faced lots of rejections(reject)．
4．(2019·北京卷)Moore is enthusiastic(enthusiasm) about the candy she created, and she's also positive about what the future might bring.
5．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)What a blessing(bless) this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.
6．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)As the small boat moved gently(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
7．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ改编)The paper gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful(delight) words.
8．The party expects to be back in power after the election(elect)．
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．The nation's highways are developing at a rapid pace.
2．Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time
3．His wife told reporters that she was delighted with/at his new look and that it made him look kind and handsome.
4．People believe that she was one of the greatest women in the 20th century and there is no doubt that she is worthyof our respect.
5．Since his mother has been ill for a long time, he is heavilyin debt.
6．I would appreciate you taking(take) part in the competition.
7．I'm delighted to learn(learn) that you want a student volunteer, which I am quite interested in.
8．What upset him was that he didn't pass the exam.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．(天津卷)当莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同忘在家里了。
Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
2．关上你身后的恐惧之门，那么你就会看见你面前打开的信仰之门。
Close the door of fear behind you, and you will see the door of faith open before you.
3．他说他会随时告诉我们他在大学的日常生活。
He said that he would keep us informed of his daily life in university.
4．I would be grateful to you for replying at your earliest convenience.
→I would appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience.(appreciate)
5．让他难堪的是，他对所发生的事情一无所知。
(1)What embarrassed him was that he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrass)
(2)It embarrassed him that he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrass)
(3)He was embarrassed that he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrassed)
(4)To his embarrassment，he had no idea of what was going on.(embarrassment)
B卷——大题提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·北京人大附中一模)
Born to a model mom and a suit maker dad, fashion was actually in my blood.I always had a strong desire to dress in a certain way and to stand out from the crowd.
I made my own toys when I was a young child and sewed my first skirt at just 10 years old.A friend's mother took one look at my skirt and told me that I should be a patternmaker.In high school I started making my own clothes, mostly changing other things because I never liked anything how it was when I bought it.During the last two years of school, I worked part time for a small business that made hand painted silk clothing and bags.The owner became the teacher who got me into design in the first place.Another useful bit of work experience then came when I worked at a showroom during fashion week and found it very exciting.From there I worked at a top clothing store while I got my business started.
For my business I started out with the idea that everything I did would be hand made and one of a kind, specially made for one individual who hopefully had the same tastes as me.Every morning I jumped out of bed, went to my studio and worked on my projects.This just showed how enthusiastic I felt about my work.And at night I even dreamed of new designs!
Fashion design is functional art.What I mean is that it's something close to you and something you can touch and feel, and actually interact with.My advice to any young person who wants to be a fashion designer is to get the basic skills early on, such as sewing and pattern making.Even if you end up specializing, it's really important to understand all aspects of design in order to make high quality clothes.
Also, if you dream of having your own clothing line, the best thing to do is start wearing your clothes.You have to try and do this because that's the way you're going to develop something that's all yours and unlike anyone else's.I passionately believe that the right clothing can make people feel better and give them more confidence.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了作者在高中阶段就开始设计自己的服装，并且通过自己的努力创建了适合自己的服装品牌，同时鼓励读者根据自己的爱好设计自己的服装。
1．When the author was in high school, she ________．
A．wore the latest fashions
B．was fond of hand painted clothing
C．began to make clothes on her own
D．dressed in the same way as her classmates
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In high school I started making my own clothes”可知，在高中阶段作者就开始设计自己的服装，故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “functional” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Practical. B．Standard.
C．Decorative. D．Complex.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“What I mean is that it's something close to you and something you can touch and feel，and actually interact with.(我的意思是，它离你很近，你可以触摸到它，感觉到它，还可以和它互动)”可知，服装设计是很实用的，functional表示“实用的”。故选A。
3．What advice does the author give to those who want to be fashion designers
A．Creating basic designs in high school.
B．Wearing high quality clothes all the time.
C．Looking at what their friends are wearing.
D．Deciding what is unique about their clothes.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“You have to try and do this because that's the way you're going to develop something that's all yours and unlike anyone else's.(你必须尝试这样做，因为这样你才能创造出完全属于自己、不同于其他任何人的东西)”可知，如果想做时装设计师，你应该设计出属于自己的独特的衣服。故选D。
4．According to the author, well designed clothes ________．
A．cost people a lot of money
B．bring people great success
C．provide people with popular taste
D．help people feel sure of themselves
D 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I passionately believe that the right clothing can make people feel better and give them more confidence.(我坚信合适的衣服能让人们感觉更好，更有自信)”可知，设计好的衣服能让人感觉好，有自信，故选D。
B
(2021·潍坊高密一模)Instagram (图片分享社交应用程序) is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform.After months of testing an option to hide likes in select international markets, Instagram, which is owned by Facebook(FB), has already been testing hiding likes in seven other countries, including Canada, Ireland and Australia.For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook.It's a way of measuring popularity and success.But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic．Now it's considering a change.
The total number of likes on posts—which appear as hearts on the app—will disappear from Instagram's main feed, profile pages and permalink (永久链接) pages.The owner of the account can still see their own likes, but their followers won't know the count.
CNN Business previously spoke with users in countries with the test.The majority felt this move would improve well being on the app.Instagram is the most detrimental (不利的，有害的) social networking app for young people's mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according to one study.
But other users and psychologists said hiding likes won't fix everything.The test doesn't address some of the key ways that activity on Instagram can impact the well being of users, including bullying, feeling left out and thinking other people's lives are better than their own.
Renee Engeln, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, voiced his opinion that the biggest impact of Instagram is the content and the exposure to this constant stream of perfected images is what seems to hurt psychologically.Plus, users can still see their own likes—and feel badly if their posts don't perform well.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。图片分享社交应用程序即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上移除“点赞”功能。因为“点赞”让平台变得“有毒”，几个月来图片分享社交应用程序一直尝试在一些国际市场隐藏“点赞”功能。
5．How do users experience Instagram in this passage
A．By giving likes.
B．By hiding likes.
C．By selecting platforms.
D．By showing off talents.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook.(多年来，‘点赞’一直是名人、品牌、政客和普通用户体验图片分享社交应用程序和脸书的核心)”可知，体验图片分享社交应用程序是通过点赞的形式，故选A。
6．The underlined word “toxic” in paragraph 1 most probably means “________”．
A．profitable B．poisonous
C．popular D．positive
B 解析：词义猜测题。But表示与前文相反的意思。上文叙述“点赞”是一种有用的方法，则“toxic”是与之相反的，不好的。由此推断出toxic意为“有毒的”。
7．What can we infer from the passage
A．Instagram has affected youngsters' mental health.
B．The account owners won't know the count of likes.
C．Instagram tested hiding likes in seven countries first.
D．The majority think Instagram has been a well being app.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The majority felt this move would improve well being on the app.Instagram is the most detrimental (不利的，有害的) social networking app for young people's mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according to one study.(大多数人认为此举将提高app的健康。一项研究显示，图片分享社交应用程序是对年轻人心理健康最有害的社交网络应用，比如对身体形象产生负面影响)”可推断出图片分享社交应用程序影响了青少年的心理健康。故选A。
8．What could be the best title of the passage
A．Instagram Misuses Likes
B．More People Are Against Likes
C．Likes Cause Mental Problems
D．Likes will Be Hidden on Instagram
D 解析：标题归纳题。本文第一段叙述了图片分享社交应用程序即将迈出最大的一步，从它的平台上移除“点赞”。几个月来图片分享社交应用程序一直尝试在一些国际市场隐藏“点赞”功能。因为“点赞”让平台变得更“有毒”。接着下文具体分析了“点赞”造成的不好的影响，从而要隐藏“点赞”。因此D项是最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·山东高三压轴卷)Today the kids and I went to the grocery store before the storm came in.When we made it outside to load our groceries，the hurricane alarms __1__．
On our way home，we passed a man __2__ so hard to get his wheelchair off the main road.We __3__ and asked him if he needed help.He said yes.
Without a second __4__，my son Seth jumped out of the car and __5__ this man who was a double amputee (截肢者) up a hill about a block.__6__，the hurricane alarms were sounding.
The man was so __7__，and he kept saying that I was raising __8__ kids.There and then I explained to him that my grandfather was a double amputee and that I was raised to __9__ if I can.He said he could have been __10__ in a terrible storm but for this young man.
Seth got into the car and as we drove off，his exact words were, “Mom，I __11__ that we live in a world where people would fly by and honk (按喇叭) at a disabled person __12__ voluntarily lend a hand.”I told him that's why it's so important to always help.Every little bit truly does __13__．He is truly my __14__ and joy.I'm proud of you，Seth, for your __15__ to be a kind human.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“我”和孩子们购物后回家途中，儿子帮助一位双腿截肢者回家的经历。那位被帮助的残疾人很感激儿子，“我”也为儿子的举动感到很自豪。
1．A.broke out B．went on
C．went off D．put forth
C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们在外面装东西的时候，飓风警报响了。break out意为“爆发”，go on意为“继续”，go off意为“突然发出响声”，put forth意为“提出、发表”。根据上文的“before the storm came in”和下文的“the hurricane alarms were sounding” 可知，此处表示 “警报突然响起”，故选C。
2．A.practising B．arranging
C．attempting D．learning
C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我们回家的路上，我们遇到一个人，他正在努力把他的轮椅推离大路。practise意为“练习、实践”，arrange意为“安排”，attempt意为“企图”，learn意为“学习”。下文提到这是一个双腿截肢的人，坐在轮椅上行动不方便。所以他在很努力地将轮椅推离大路。故选C。
3．A.pulled on B．pulled over
C．pulled out D．pulled back
B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们把车停在路边，问他是否需要帮助，他说需要。pull on意为“穿、戴、继续拉”，pull over意为“靠边停车”，pull out意为“退出、拉”，pull back意为“拉回、撤回”。根据下文提到“我”的儿子跳下车去推这个人可知，此处指“我们”将车停在路边。故选B。
4．A.thought B．wonder
C．knowledge D．mind
A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子赛斯毫不犹豫地跳下车，把这个双腿截肢的人推到一个街区外的山上。thought意为“思想、想法”，wonder意为“惊讶、奇迹”，knowledge意为“知识、学问”，mind意为“理智、精神”。根据下文提及的儿子跳下车去帮助那个残疾人可知，他毫不犹豫。A second thought意为“进一步考虑”， 是固定短语。故选A。
5．A.lifted B．held
C．dragged D．pushed
D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的儿子赛斯毫不犹豫地跳下车，把这个双腿截肢的人推到一个街区外的山上。lift意为“举起”，hold意为“握住”，drag意为“拖动”，push意为“推”。下文提到他是一个双腿截肢的人，上文也提到了他很艰难地把他的轮椅推离大路。因此儿子应该是下车帮他推轮椅。故选D。
6．A.However B．Nevertheless
C．Meanwhile D．Besides
C 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，飓风警报响起。however意为“然而”，nevertheless意为“然而、不过”，meanwhile意为“同时”，besides意为“除……以外”。上文提到飓风的警报响起了，此处表示在帮助这位残疾人的同时，飓风的警报响起。故选C。
7．A.grateful B．careful
C．hopeful D．helpful
A 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个男人很感激，他一直在说我养育了好孩子。grateful意为“感谢的、感激的”，careful意为“仔细的”，hopeful意为“有希望的”，helpful意为“有用的”。上文提到儿子刚帮助了这位残疾人，同时下文提到他一直在说“我”养育了好孩子。因此对“我”儿子的帮助，他表示感谢。故选A。
8．A.clever B．good
C．strong D．creative
B 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个男人很感激，他一直在说我养育了好孩子。clever意为“聪明的”，good意为“好的”，strong意为“坚强的”，creative意为“有创意的”。根据上文提到 “我”的儿子对这位残疾人的帮助可知，这位残疾人认为作者的儿子都是 “好” 孩子。故选B。
9．A.help out B．give out
C．hand out D．hold out
A 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：在那里，我向他解释说，我的祖父双腿截肢，我从小就被教育要尽我所能帮助别人。help out意为“帮助……摆脱困境”，give out意为“分发、用尽、发表”，hand out意为“分发、施舍”，hold out意为“坚持、伸出”。根据空前提到作者的祖父双腿截肢可知，作者小时候的经历是被教育要尽力帮助别人摆脱困境。故选A。
10．A.lost B．caught
C．absorbed D．occupied
B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说要不是这个年轻人，他可能会遇上一场可怕的暴风雨。lose意为“失去”，catch意为“抓捕、身陷、困在”，absorb意为“吸收”，occupy意为“占据”。这位男士的身份是残疾人，飓风快要来临，如果没有“我”的儿子的帮助，这位男士会被困在暴风雨中。故选B。
11．A.hate B．picture
C．suspect D．assume
A 解析：考查动词词组辨析。句意：赛斯上了车，我们开车离开时，他原话是这样说的：“ 妈妈，我讨厌我们生活在这样一个世界，人们总是飞驰而过，对着残疾人按喇叭，而不是主动伸出援手。”hate意为“讨厌”，picture意为“画画”，suspect意为“怀疑、猜想”，assume意为“设想” 。因为作者的儿子对那位残疾人伸出了援助之手，所以下一句提到的对残疾人按喇叭是作者的儿子讨厌的行为。故选A。
12．A.other than B．along with
C．or rather D．rather than
D 解析：考查连词词组辨析。句意：人们总是飞驰而过，对着残疾人按喇叭，而不是主动伸出援手。other than意为“除……以外”，along with意为“与……一道”，or rather意为“更精确的说”，rather than意为“而不是”。空前提到对着残疾人按喇叭，空后却提到主动伸出援手，此处表示前后转折。故选D。
13．A.function B．apply
C．stress D．count
D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们所做的每一点点事情都很重要。function意为“运行、活动”，apply意为“申请、运用”，stress意为“强调、加强”，count意为“数数、重要”。此处表示任何帮助他人的行为都很重要。故选D。
14．A.pride B．helper
C．favorite D．dear
A 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他确实是我的骄傲和快乐。pride意为“骄傲”，helper意为“帮手”，favorite意为“受喜欢的人或物”，dear意为“可爱的人”。根据下文的 “I'm proud of you” 可知，此处表示赛斯是作者的骄傲。故选A。
15．A.promising B．choosing
C．expecting D．preparing
B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我为你感到骄傲，赛斯，因为你选择做一个善良的人。promise意为“承诺”，choose意为“选择”，expect意为“期望”，prepare意为“准备”。上文提到作者的儿子不像其他人那样，对残疾人按喇叭，而是伸出了援助之手。通过这件事可知，作者的儿子是个善良的人。他选择了善良。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·日照高三第一次校际联合考试)Across northern Africa, the desert is steadily growing.Dry lands are spreading.But a bold project known as the Great Green Wall aims to stop the 1.____________ (grow) of the desert.The ambitious program includes plans 2.____________(help) protect and maintain resources and fight poverty.
Farmers are learning to care for their land and use water 3.____________(wise)．They are also planting millions of trees and crops.The Great Green Wall would cover 4.____________area more than 4，000 miles wide—from Senegal in the west to Djibouti in the east.
The Great Green Wall 5.____________(approve) by the African Union in 2007.The program receives support from the United Nations, the World Bank, and other groups.
The Great Green Wall's trees provide a barrier 6.____________desert winds and help hold moisture (水分) in the air and soil, 7.____________(allow) crops to grow.In time, the richer soil will provide more land for animals to graze on.More resources will bring more jobs.“The goal is to create sustainable land management，” said Nora Berrahmouni, a forestry officer 8.____________works with the U．N.Food and Agriculture Organization.
Trees and crops have been planted in Senegal and Niger.An 9.____________(add) benefit of the Great Green Wall is that countries in the region are sharing information about which programs work and which don't.Now, along with trees，10.____________(idea) are taking root.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。北非沙漠化逐年严重。为了阻止沙漠化进一步恶化，一个名为非洲绿色长城的计划开始启动。本文介绍了此计划的相关内容。
1．growth 解析：考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处为名词，被定冠词the和介词短语of the desert修饰，所以填growth。
2．to help 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语动词形式，又根据语境可知，此处应用不定式短语作plans的后置定语，所以填to help。
3．wisely 解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式，修饰动词use，作状语，所以填wisely。
4．an 解析：考查冠词。area此处作“地区，地域”讲为可数名词，在文中第一次出现，表泛指，又area的发音以元音音素开头，所以填不定冠词an。
5．was approved 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处应为句子的谓语，且和句子主语The Great Green Wall构成被动关系，应用被动语态；又由时间状语in 2007可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语为单数，所以填was approved。
6．against 解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，空处表达“防，抗”的含义，所以填against。
7．allowing 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为非谓语动词，和句子主语The Great Green wall's trees构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式allowing。
8．who/that 解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰指人的先行词a forestry officer，所以填who/that。
9．added 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰名词benefit，所以填形容词added，意为“额外的”。
10．ideas 解析：考查名词单复数。此处idea为可数名词，在句子中作主语，且和谓语动词的复数形式are呼应，应用名词复数形式，所以填ideas。
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