(共138张PPT)
英语
第一部分 基础考点聚焦
选择性必修第一册
Unit 5 Revealing nature
01
语基夯实 课前闯关
02
创意课堂 多维突破
04
课后达标 知能提升
03
高效演练 素养提能
seed
decline
goat
root
centimetre
link
characteristic
suspected
worldwide
blame
distant
distance
generate
generation
generative
detect
detection
detective
detector
Detective
generation
generate
distance
distant
be a disgrace
be native to
answer the call
in question
be crowded with...
at the same time
do research on...
in the end
after all
After all
in question
is
crowded with
in the end
are
native to
saying she was short
listed
designed to help them succeed
must be easy to cook
so that we can practice together every day
suspicious
of
of/about
that he is the thief
of
to try
differ greatly in character
It is characteristic of him
It is typical of him
It is like him
in
to share
declining
on the decline/in decline
on
to blame
on
Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network
to
linked
with
linked with confidence and self respect
to send
written
being sung
dating back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty
invited to the reception
to do
are hard to settle
easy to get along with
so warm hearted and easy going that I'm easy to get along with
v．进化
n．祖先
n．巨头
n．样品
adj.远房的；远亲的
v.品尝
n.(机器的)原型
v.谢绝
B
A
C
B
A
D
C
A
B
Our ancestors
the characteristics of certain seeds in primitive times
have been doing research on
so that they can
to link
to evolutionary theory
The seeds are native to specific regions
At the same time
generate greater benefits
terribly/extremely
stormed out of
slamming the door
was barely able to say a single word
detected
generate
distant
linking
roots
decline
seeds
characteristics
ancestors
sample
generations
evolution
distance
linking
to be/as
to come
to blame
with
to earn
to lose
to
offering
It
is hard to please
be difficult to work with
working in the countryside
Suspected of killing his wife
suspected of having stolen money
blamed him for
put the blame on him for
was to blame for
C．immediately
B．because
D．shape
A.assessing
D．weight
A.broke
C．flew off
B．brightening
A.fallen
D．end
B．clean up
D．appeared
C．watched
C．unfair
A.wonder
quickly
the
traveled
As
making
passports
choice
spent
with
stronger Unit 5 Revealing nature
(一)高频重点词汇分类记忆，用时少，功效高
Ⅰ.阅读词汇·读懂
默想下面单词的含义，不会的在□中做出标记并核对识记。
□1.sample n． □2.ancestor n.
□3.primitive adj. □4.giant adj.
□5.myth n. □6.legend n.
□7.evolve v．
[自主核对区]
1．样本 2.祖先；原种
3．原始的；低等的 4.巨大的；特大的
5．神话 6.传说；传奇
7．进化
Ⅱ.核心词汇·练通
[辨词义·写词形]
1．seed n． 种子；籽
2．decline v. 减少
3．goat n. 山羊
4．root n. 根
5．centimetre n. 厘米
6．link v. 把……联系起来；连接
7．characteristic n. 特征；特性
[入语境·重活用]
1．(2020·新高考山东卷)He gets a taste of police methods when suspected(怀疑) of drug dealing.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Biologists calculate that there are about 20，000－25，000 polar bears worldwide(遍及全世界)．
3．(2018·江苏卷)Some social app companies were to blame(责备) because they didn't adequately check their users' registration.
Ⅲ.拓展词汇·用活
1．distant adj.远的；远处的→distance n．远方；距离
2．generate v．产生；创造→generation n．产生；一代→generative adj.能生成的
3．detect v．发现；察觉→detection n．发现；觉察→detective n．侦探→detector n．探测器
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·天津卷7月)Detective(detect) Ashley Jones works at a police department in England.
2．The previous generation has made great contributions to the construction of hydropower.The hydropower stations they built generate hundreds of millions of watts of electricity each year.(generate)
3．Though there is a long distance between Tom and his family, they don't feel distant．(distant)
(二)高频短语串记记牢用活，不枯燥，兴趣高
单元短语·再现
1．be a disgrace 是耻辱，是丢脸的事
2．be native to 源于……的；原产于……
3．answer the call 响应号召
4．in question 正被讨论的
5．be crowded with... 挤满了……
6．at the same time 同时
7．do research on... 做关于……的研究
8．in the end 最后，终于
9．after all 毕竟，终究
[语境活用]——选用左栏短语填空
1．(2019·浙江卷6月) “After all, everyone has bad days and good days，”he said.“Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
2．(江苏卷)A century ago, the resource in question was oil.
3．(全国卷Ⅰ)Though not very big, the restaurant is popular in our area.It is always crowded with customers at meal times.
4．(北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end．
5．He was born and grew up in Northern Virginia, but his parents are both native to China.
?会积累(日积月累，联想发散)
1.各种各样的“增加”和“减少”①on the decline 在下降②on the increase 正在增加③increase by 增长了④increase to 增长到⑤on the rise 在上涨；在增加⑥on the decrease 在减少 2.“责备、表扬”相关词汇大观园①blame v．& n． 责备②scold v. 责备；斥责③criticize v. 批评；指责④praise v. 表扬；赞扬⑤compliment n. 恭维；赞美 3.“与……有关”短语全接触①be linked with/to②be connected with ③be related to④be associated with⑤be relevant to
(三)重点句型仿写背熟巧用，造佳句，表达高
背佳句 明句型 巧仿写
What's more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”．而且，他最近刚收到父亲的来信，预言他会成为“自己及全家人的耻辱”。 现在分词(短语)作定语 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)当我们接到一个电话说她入围时，我们以为这是个玩笑。When we got a call saying she was short listed, we thought it was a joke.
The young man in question, Charles Darwin, was a geologist and naturalist, fascinated by rocks, plants and animals.这个被讨论的年轻人是查尔斯·达尔文，他是一位地质学家和自然学家，对岩石、植物和动物很着迷。 过去分词(短语)作定语 2.(2019·天津卷)现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门课程，专门帮助他们在学业和个人事务上取得成功。Most colleges now offer first year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally.
Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆，是因为它们的特性容易控制。 “be＋adj.＋to do”句型用主动形式表示被动意义 3.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋，我想它一定很容易做。I like eating fried tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must be easy to cook.
Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system，so that we can use it to grow crops without pesticides.科学家们希望更多地了解植物的警告系统，以便我们能在不用杀虫剂的情况下利用它种植庄稼。 so that引导目的状语从句 4.(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)然后我可以抽出时间再学一次，这样我们就可以每天一起练习了。Then I can spare some time to learn it again, so that we can practice together every day.
suspect v．猜想；怀疑；觉得，认为 n．被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Didn't you notice anything suspicious(suspect) in his behaviour
②She suspected her husband of taking her money.
③The teacher was suspicious of/about the student's furtive (偷偷摸摸的) behaviour during the exam.
[再写美]——句型转换
④I suspect him to be the thief, as he can't explain the source of his money.
→I suspect that he is the thief, as he can't explain the source of his money.(宾语从句)
(1)suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb.to be/as... 怀疑某人是……
(2)suspicious adj. 怀疑的；可疑的
be suspicious of/about... 对……怀疑
[佳句背诵] He was suspected of stealing the ring at the party last night, and the police were looking into the matter.
他被怀疑在昨晚的聚会上偷戒指，警方正在调查此事。
characteristic adj.特有的；典型的 n．特色；特征，特性；典型
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Quick decision is characteristic of him.
②It is characteristic of people who have only a little knowledgeto try(try) to pretend that they have much knowledge.
[再写美]——微写作/一句多译
③这对双胞胎兄弟外表长得相似，但是性格很不一样。
The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character．
④忘记带礼物来正是他的特点。
a．It is characteristic of him to forget to bring a present.(characteristic adj.)
b．It is typical of him to forget to bring a present.(typical adj.)
c．It is like him to forget to bring a present.(like prep.)
(1)be characteristic of 特有的，……的特征
It is characteristic of sb.to do 某人会做……；……正是某人的作风(特点)
(2)character n. 性格；个性；特点；品行；(小说、戏剧中的)
人物；角色；文字，符号
[佳句背诵] As is known to us all, Mount Huashan is famous for its breathtaking cliffs and its unique characteristics. 正如我们所知道的，华山以它惊人的悬崖和它独一无二的特征而出名。
[名师点津] be characteristic of通常以表特色之意的词作主语，以具有该特色的主体作介词of的宾语。
decline n．衰落；衰败；减少；下降 v．衰落；减少；下降；婉言谢绝
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Last year saw a decline in the effective demand for steel.
②(江苏卷)Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share(share) food with their children, who are able from a young age to gather their own food.
③Before the migrants poured, both countries faced declining(decline) numbers of pupils because of low birth rates.
[再写美]——同义替换
④(2019·江苏卷)But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is declining.
→But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline/in decline．
(1)a decline in 在……方面下降
in decline/on the decline 在衰退中，走下坡路
(2)decline to do... 拒绝做……
[佳句背诵] (1)The rumour spread that the ticket sales in that suburban theatre was in decline for lack of marvelous performances.
有谣言在传，由于没有精彩的表演，那个位于郊区的剧院的票房销售正在下降。
(2)An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.
汽车的增加导致了公共交通的减少。
blame v．把……归咎于，责怪，指责 n．责任；责备，指责
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷满分作文)It's unwise for us to blame the increase of ratings on high consumption.
②It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to blame(blame) for what had happened in the lab.
③(全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
[再写美]——句式升级
④(普通表达)Alice was in low spirits because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.
(高级表达)Blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)
blame sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for...) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
lay/put the blame on... 把责任归咎于……
[佳句背诵] Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。
[名师点津] be to blame中不能用被动语态，该短语用主动语态表示被动含义。
link v．& n．把……联系起来；连接；关联；联系；关系
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①(浙江卷)The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later...
②(江苏卷)Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked(link) to El Ni o, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅱ改编)The purpose of the HUNCH program is to link space technology with school education.
[再写美]——句式升级
④(普通表达)The girl likes yellow that is linked with confidence and self respect.
(高级表达)The girl likes yellow linked with confidence and self respect．(用非谓语动词改写)
link...to/with 把……连接/联系起来
link up with... (与……)连接，(与……) 结合
be linked to/with... 和……连接；和……有联系
[佳句背诵] According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
根据最近的一项调查，每年有四百万人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
现在分词(短语)作定语
(教材原句)What's more, he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”．
而且，他最近刚收到父亲的来信，预言他会成为“自己及全家人的耻辱”。
[先练会]——单句语法填空
①Have you got anything to send(send)
②Have you read the novel written(write) by Dickens
③Listen！The song being sung(sing) is very popular with the students.
[再写美]——微写作
④这座寺庙悠久的历史可以追溯到唐朝早期。
The temple has a long history dating back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty．
⑤受邀参加招待会的客人中有一半是外国大使。
Half of the guests invited to the reception were foreign ambassadors.
(1)现在分词(短语)作定语表主动、正在进行；现在分词的被动式being done 表被动、正在进行。
(2)不定式to do 作定语表主动、将来；不定式的被动式to be done表被动、将来；过去分词done表被动、完成；
注意：过去分词(短语)作定语和现在分词(短语)作定语的区别：
①语态不同：过去分词表示被动；现在分词表示主动。
The young man accused of stealing a car was from a foreign country.
被指控偷车的那个年轻人来自外国。
The boy playing football on the playground is my cousin.
正在操场上踢球的男孩儿是我表弟。
②时间关系上不同：过去分词表示动作已经完成；现在分词表示动作正在进行。
[佳句背诵] There is a small river flowing through the farm. 那里有一条小河流经农场。(2020·全国卷Ⅱ)
“be＋adj.＋to do”句型用主动形式表示被动意义
(教材原句)Gregor Mendel chose to study pea plants because their characteristics were easy to control.
格雷戈尔·孟德尔选择研究豌豆，是因为它们的特性容易控制。
[先练会]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①Today's homework was easy to do(do), so Mike finished it quickly and went out to play.
②I'm afraid we'll have to work extra hours, for some problems are hard to settle(很难解决)．
[再写美]——补全句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)Last but not least, I'm warm hearted and easy going. I'm easy to get along with(容易相处)．
④(高级表达)Last but not least, I'm so warm hearted and easy going that I'm easy to get along with．(so...that...句型)
句型 主语＋be＋adj.＋to do
特点 常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义
使用条件 常用的形容词有difficult、 hard、 easy、 comfortable、 pleasant、 interesting、 exciting等
不定式和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系
[佳句背诵] Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favorite. The morning air is so good to breathe. 在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的。早晨的空气呼吸起来感觉如此美好。
提能训练一 阅读理解障碍词
Ⅰ.语境辨义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)A group of sea dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. v．进化
2．(2019·江苏卷)The bone structure of our ancestors developed for millions of years to support a creature that walked on all fours and has a relatively small head. n．祖先
3．(江苏卷)Now similar concerns are being raised by the giants that deal in data, the oil of the digital age. n．巨头
4．(2020·江苏卷)They tested the men's fitness and resting metabolic(新陈代谢的) rates and took samples of their blood and fat tissue. n．样品
Ⅱ.熟词生义——根据语境写出加黑词的词性及含义
1．Tom, a cowboy from the countryside, is a distant relative of the mayor.adj.远房的；远亲的
2．I sampled the delights of Greek cooking for the first time.v.品尝
3．The ancestor of the modern bicycle was called a penny farthing(前轮大后轮小的自行车)．n.(机器的)原型
4．(2020·天津卷7月)We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she declined, saying that she felt like walking.v.谢绝
Ⅲ.一词多义
1. 根据语境选出characteristic的词性及含义
(1)The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society.__B__
(2)Windmills are a characteristic feature of the Mallorcan landscape.__A__
2. 根据语境选出decline的词性及含义
(1)I offered to give them a lift but they declined.__C__
(2)The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year.__B__
(3)Libraries are an investment for the future and they should not be allowed to fall into decline.__A__
3. 根据语境选出distant的词性及含义
A．adj.遥远的 B．adj.不同的
C．adj.冷淡的；疏远的 D．adj.心不在焉的；恍惚的
(1)There was a distant look in her eyes; her mind was obviously on something else.__D__
(2)Pat sounded very cold and distant on the phone.__C__
(3)The time we spent together is now a distant memory.__A__
(4)Their life seemed utterly distant from his own.__B__
提能训练二 话题微写作(单元词汇、句式、语法综合运用)
1．补全要点句
①我们的祖先在远古时期就了解了某些种子的特性。(ancestor, primitive, seed, characteristic)
Our ancestors learned about the characteristics of certain seeds in primitive times．
②农学家一直做种子遗传变异的研究工作。(do research on)
Agronomists have been doing research on seed genetic variation.
③毫无疑问这样做的目的是培育新型种子，提高粮食产量。(so that...)
There is no doubt that they do it so that they can cultivate new kinds of seeds and improve grain yield.
④这就需要把遗传学、育种学、分子生物学与进化理论结合起来，对原产于特定区域的种子进行研究。(link, evolve, be native to)
It is necessary to link genetics, breeding, molecular biology to evolutionary theory to study the seeds. The seeds are native to specific regions．
⑤同时，也要对现有品种进行改良，使其产生出更大的效益。(at the same time, generate)
At the same time, it is necessary to improve the existing varieties to generate greater benefits．
2．升级平淡句
⑥将句④改为形容词短语作定语的句子
It is necessary to link genetics, breeding, molecular biology to evolutionary theory to study the seeds native to specific regions.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：nowadays, therefore)
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One possible version：
Our ancestors learned about the characteristics of certain seeds in primitive times.Nowadays, agronomists have been doing research on seed genetic variation.There is no doubt that they do it so that they can cultivate new kinds of seeds and improve grain yield.Therefore, it is necessary to link genetics, breeding, molecular biology to evolutionary theory to study the seeds native to specific regions.At the same time, it is necessary to improve the existing varieties to generate greater benefits.
提能训练三 读后续写23——用形容词和副词增加细节描述
Ⅰ.翻译实践(表示愤怒)
→普遍表达：她很生气。
She was very angry.
→概括描述：用适当的副词修饰形容词
She felt terribly/extremely angry.
→细节描述：增加愤怒的原因和表现＋句型
愤怒的表现：摔门(关) 、踢门(开)、冲、 说不出话等
句型：so...that...结构、v. ing形式/v. ed形式作状语
其他表愤怒的词汇：rage/fury (可和with 连用)、 furiously＝angrily
她如此生气以至于冲出房间，怒气冲冲地关上门。
She felt so angry that she stormed out of the room, slamming the door angrily behind her.
她充满着愤怒，几乎一句话都说不出来。
Boiling with/Filled with rage/anger/fury, she was barely able to say a single word．
Ⅱ.迷你语料库(语言描写——困境中的节日气氛)
Fireworks lit up the sky as we celebrated the Christmas. The festival of lights provides joyous moments of hope and unity—despite social distancing. People have risen magnificently to the challenges of the year, and I am so proud and moved by this quiet and indomitable spirit, which shone a lamp of hope across the world.
A卷——小题夯基练
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．The virus has previously been detected(检测) in animals for many years, but this is the first case where it was transmitted to a human being.
2．What on earth can we use to generate(生产) power when we run out of all the oil around the world
3．For people in this country, peace was just a distant(遥远的) hope.
4．As an international language, English acts as a bridge linking(联系) all countries together nowadays.
5．It is no use cutting off the branch of a tree if the roots(根) are diseased.
6．According to scientists, our mental abilities begin to decline(下降) from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
7．Snow aids farmers by keeping heat in the lower ground levels, thereby saving the seeds(种子) from freezing.
8．One of the characteristics(特点) that make me different from many people is my adaptability.
9．The world moves on because of those who are eager to discover what their ancestors(祖先) did.
10．Do you think you could possibly send me a sample(样本) of your newest product
Ⅱ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations(generate) living together had risen from 325，000 in 2001 to 419，000 in 2013.
2．The fact is that most people didn't believe his theory of evolution(evolve) at that time.
3．The girl is so shy that she likes to keep her distance(distant) from others.
4．Great attention must be paid to linking(link) theory with practice.
Ⅲ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．Honestly speaking，we all suspected the young man to be/as a pickpocket.
2．Howard has declined to come(come) and in that case we can ask somebody else.
3．If you lose your job, you'll only have yourself to blame(blame)．
4．A new road would be needed to link up with the main road.
5．(2019·北京卷)Credibility is hard to earn(earn) but easy to lose(lose), and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
6．It is an herb native to China that has been used for centuries as a sweetener.
7．A few days after the interview, I received a letter offering(offer) me admission to the university.
8．It is characteristic of him to say that in such a situation.
Ⅳ.完成句子/句型转换/一句多译
1．在我看来，一个难以取悦的人一定很难与之共事。
In my opinion，a man who is hard to please must be difficult to work with．
2．在农村工作的那些同志将于后天回来。
The comrades working in the countryside will come back the day after tomorrow.
3．The fellow was suspected of killing his wife, so he was questioned by the police.
→Suspected of killing his wife, the fellow was questioned by the police.(过去分词短语作状语)
4．Nobody wants to make friends with the boy who is suspected of having stolen money.
→Nobody wants to make friends with the boy suspected of having stolen money．(过去分词短语作定语)
5．调查完后，他们把事故归咎于他。
(1)After the investigation, they blamed him for the accident.(blame v．)
(2)After the investigation, they put the blame on him for the accident.(blame n．)
(3)After the investigation, he was to blame for the accident.(be to blame)
B卷——大题提能练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2021·北京东城区模拟)Mathew White, an environmental psychologist, is on a mission to give Mother Nature the respect he thinks she deserves when it comes to human health.For decades, scientists and health care professionals have recognized that exposure to green spaces, such as public parks or forests, is linked with lower risks of all sorts of illnesses common in the world.Experimental work has demonstrated various physiological responses that occur when people spend time in natural environments: blood pressure drops, heart rate decreases, immune function improves, and the nervous system directs the body to rest and digest.
As humans increasingly populate urbanized areas, they are spending less and less time in natural environments.“But before doctors can start advising their patients to head to the nearest park, there is an important outstanding question，” says White.“How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits？” Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home.White says，“But it's not so much where you live; it's whether you use it or not.”
So he collected data to estimate what dose (剂量) of nature was needed to show benefits to a person's health.White's group found the answer: Spending at least two hours in nature per week was strongly correlated with self reports of being in good health or having high well being.“I was very surprised, to be honest，” says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.“We had no idea that such a clear threshold of time per week would emerge from the data.”
He was further surprised to learn that it didn't seem to matter how many trips to a park people took, so long as they got in their two hours per week.It could be a long visit one day, a couple of hour long trips, three visits of 40 minutes, or four half hour excursions.He and his colleagues speculate that, if nature's apparent health benefits are a result of being able to de stress, then whatever pattern of green space exposure fits one's schedule is probably the best way to achieve that goal.
Health care recommendations for people to spend time in nature are probably years away, but the movement has begun.Several organizations around the world are working to promote awareness of nature's contribution to health.Some researchers have used the term “a dose of nature” to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits.“That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health，” says White.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应：血压下降、心率下降、免疫功能改善、神经系统引导身体休息和消化。每周至少在自然中待上两个小时与良好的健康状况或拥有高幸福感的自我报告密切相关。
1．White's research focused on________．
A．required amount of green space
B．benefits from the exposure to nature
C．necessary time length of nature visits
D．physical responses to outdoor activities
C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“says White.‘How much time in nature do you need to generate these apparent benefits？’ Most of the research that has linked health outcomes with exposure to the natural world didn't use frequency or duration of park visits, but rather the amount of green space within a certain distance of a person's home”可知，对于以前大部分的研究来说，都没有研究公园的参观频率和持续时间。由此可推知，怀特的主要研究内容就是对于公园绿地的使用频率和使用时间。故C项necessary time length of nature visits(访问自然的必要时长)符合以上推理。故选C。
2．What does the underlined phrase “threshold of time” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Maximum time. B．Minimum time.
C．Adequate time. D．Average time.
B 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“‘I was very surprised, to be honest，’ says White, who had been expecting a much longer time.”可知，原本怀特是认为大家会花很多时间在大自然中，但是数据却让他大吃一惊。由此可推知，人们每周花在大自然中的时间是非常少的。故B项Minimum time.(最少时间)就是画线短语想表达的含义。故选B。
3．From the last paragraph, we can infer that White________．
A．is confident about his mission
B．is willing to cooperate with others
C．has persuaded others to accept his idea
D．has adopted the term for his research result
A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some researchers have used the term ‘a dose of nature’ to evaluate the amount of exposure needed to gain benefits.‘That was kind of the deliberate medicalization of the language around nature and health，’ says White.”可知，怀特对于其他研究人员所得出的结论表示不赞同。由此可推知，怀特更加相信自己的观点。故选A。
4．What's the best title for the passage
A．Respect for Nature
B．Nature as Medicine
C．Present from Nature
D．Mission in Nature
B 解析：标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了人们在自然环境中会产生各种生理反应：血压下降、心率下降、免疫功能改善、神经系统引导身体休息和消化。每周至少在自然中待上两个小时与良好的健康状况或拥有高幸福感的自我报告密切相关。所以B项Nature as Medicine(自然作为药物)就是本文的最佳标题。故选B。
B
(2021·安徽池州质检)The Wall Street Journal recently published an excellent article penned by Wendy Bounds on a hot topic here at MNN: the air purifying qualities of the common houseplant.Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fern (芦笋蕨) is an economical, artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers.So it's been acknowledged that a bunch of pretty potted houseplants can help you maintain a healthier home, but a smarter home
That's the question in light of a recent study published by the Journal of Environmental Psychology showing that the presence of plants in a room, particularly in an office environment, can shrink attention span．Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort)can be refreshed through exposure to naturalistic environments.Basically, taking a walk through the park can clear one's head.But can a head be refreshed simply by being surrounded by houseplants
To test their theory, the study's authors rounded up a bunch of participants, put some of them in a room with no plants and put others in a room with our plants placed around a desk, and put them all to the same series of tests.First was a Reading Span Test which involves reading a series of sentences aloud and remembering the last word in each sentence.This task requires that they fluently switch between attention demanding tasks: from reading and memorizing at one moment, to writing and recalling at the next.Next came a proofreading task followed by another Reading Span Test.
The results Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not.Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章通过实验说明室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力。
5．What do we know from the first paragraph
A．Staying indoors can help avoid the poorer air outdoors.
B．Houseplants can function as beautiful cheap air purifiers.
C．Planting potted flowers as decorations is very interesting.
D．Air purifiers are the most effective to create a healthy home.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Given that the air inside your home can be 2 to 5 times more polluted than the air outside of it, making it clean with plants like peace lily (百合花) and asparagus fern (芦笋蕨) is an economical, artistically pleasing alternative to air purifiers.”可知，鉴于室内空气污染比室外空气污染严重2到5倍，用百合花、芦笋蕨这些植物来当作空气净化器净化室内空气既经济实惠又美观。故选B。
6．What does the underlined part in paragraph 2 probably refer to
A．Focus one's attention.
B．Disturb one's attention.
C．Weaken one's attention.
D．Turn one's attention away.
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Struggling directive attention (the kind of attention that takes effort) can be refreshed through exposure to naturalistic environments.”可知，挣扎的注意力(需要努力的注意力)可以通过置身于自然环境中来恢复。由此可推知，缩小注意力范围即指注意力得到恢复，变得更专注。故选A。
7．What does the test prove
A．Working in nature helps increase productivity.
B．Houseplants will be in great demand in our life.
C．Greenery creates healthier naturalistic atmosphere indoors.
D．Working among houseplants improves mental functioning.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Participants working in the room with the plants improved their performance from the first Reading Span Test to the second while those working in the room lacking in greenery did not.Consequently, the benefits of working among plants is indeed evident.”可知，在有植物的房间里工作的参与者从第一次阅读广度测试到第二次阅读广度测试的成绩都有所提高，而在没有绿色植物的房间里工作的参与者则没有。因此，在有植物的房间工作的好处是显而易见的。由此可知，这个测试证实了在有植物的房间内工作可以改善精神功能。故选D。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Flowers: Grand Feast to Eyes
B．Greenery: Effective Air purifier
C．Houseplants: Visual Brain Food
D．Potted Plants: Great House beautifier
C 解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，本文介绍室内植物可以很好地提高人们的注意力，对大脑的工作效果起到积极作用。C项“室内植物：脑视觉的食物”为文章最佳标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2021·济宁一中冲刺卷)One day I was sleeping in my chair when I woke up to the sound of a car crash.I sat up and looked __1__ out my window.Across the street, a car had just backed into a chain link fence.The car must have been moving fast, __2__ it was in bad shape.The fence was bent out exactly the __3__ of the car's back end.
I watched the driver get out of the car.After a few seconds of __4__ the damage, the man tried to put the fence back into the place.His first attempt failed and he tried a little harder.He grabbed its vertical support pole and pulled against it with his full __5__．The pole suddenly __6__ and the man fell hard onto the ground.The entire fence fell on top of him, and one of his shoes __7__ and landed 10 feet away on the sidewalk.
I laughed out loud.The man's failure was __8__my whole day.He climbed out from under the __9__ fence and went back to the apartment building.
That, I thought, would be the __10__of it.The man was going to leave all the chaos behind for someone else to __11__．However, the man__12__ a few minutes later with some tools.For the next hour, I __13__out my window as he doggedly fixed the fence and even improved it.Now the fence would be extra secure, stronger than before.
This man was actually a hero and I was embarrassed by my __14__judgments.Years later, I still look out my window at that fence almost every day.It makes me __15__ what else that man has improved, and how I can make myself more like him.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者目睹了一场车祸，出事的车辆把栅栏撞坏了，司机坚持修好栅栏的故事。作者本以为司机开始修不好就放弃了，后来司机坚持修好了栅栏，作者因为自己的不公平的判断感到很尴尬，认为司机是一个英雄，自己应该向他学习。
1．A.gradually B．especially
C．immediately D．generally
C 解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我坐起来立即看向窗外。gradually意为“逐渐地”，especially意为“尤其、特别地”，immediately意为“立即”，generally意为“一般地”。根据上文“I woke up to the sound of a car crash”可知，“我”被车祸冲撞声惊醒，因此“我”立刻坐起来看向窗外。故选C。
2．A.until B．because
C．if D．although
B 解析：考查连词词义辨析。句意：这辆车一定跑得很快，因为它已经变形了。until意为“直到”，because意为“因为”，if意为“如果”，although意为“尽管”。根据句意可知，上下文是因果关系。故选B。
3．A.beginning B．direction
C．centre D．shape
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：栅栏弯了出来，完全是汽车后端的形状。beginning意为“开始”，direction意为“方向”，centre意为“中心”，shape意为“形状”。根据上文可知，车被撞的变形，由此推断，被撞的栅栏弯出了一个车的形状。故选D。
4．A.assessing B．mentioning
C．limiting D．avoiding
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：经过几秒钟的评估，这个人试图把栅栏恢复原形。assess意为“评估、评定”，mention意为“提到”，limit意为“限制”，avoid意为“避免”。上文说栅栏被撞出了一个车的形状，结合下文“the man tried to put the fence back into the place”可知，评估以后，司机试图把栅栏恢复原形。故选A。
5．A.equipment B．sight
C．wisdom D．weight
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：他抓住它的垂直支撑杆，用他全部的重量拉着它。equipment意为“设备”，sight意为“视野”，wisdom意为“智慧”，weight意为“重量”。根据上文“He grabbed its vertical support pole and pulled against it”可知，司机用全部的重量拉栅栏。故选D。
6．A.broke B．burnt
C．lightened D．rose
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：支撑杆突然断了，这个人狠狠地摔在了地上。break意为“破碎、断裂”，burn意为“烧毁”，lighten意为“点亮”，rise意为“上升”。根据下文“the man fell hard onto the ground”可知，这个人摔倒在地上，可知是杆子断了。故选A。
7．A.moved on B．passed by
C．flew off D．turned up
C 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：整个栅栏都落在他的上面，他的一只鞋飞了出去，落在10英尺外的人行道上。move on意为“继续前进”，pass by意为“经过”，fly off意为“飞出”，turn up意为“出现”。根据下文“landed 10 feet away on the sidewalk”可知，鞋子飞了出去。故选C。
8．A.wasting B．brightening
C．completing D．controlling
B 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我大声笑了出来，那个人的失败使我一整天都很快乐。waste意为“浪费”，brighten意为“使发亮、使快乐”，complete意为“完成”，control意为“控制”。根据上文“I laughed out loud.”可知，那一天“我”很快乐。故选B。
9．A.fallen B．hidden
C．locked D．related
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：他从倒塌的栅栏下爬出来，回到公寓楼。fall意为“倒下、倒塌”，hid意为“躲藏”，lock意为“锁”，relate意为“联系”。根据上文“The entire fence fell on top of him”可知，栅栏是倒塌了的。故选A。
10．A.plan B．form
C．cause D．end
D 解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为那是事情的结束。plan意为“计划”，form意为“形式”，cause意为“起因”，end意为“结束”。根据下文“However, the man______a few minutes later with some tools.”可知，“我”认为这件事就这样结束了，然而，几分钟以后这个人带着一些工具又回来了。故选D。
11．A.give away B．clean up
C．learn from D．refer to
B 解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意： 这个人打算把所有的混乱都留给别人去清理。give away意为“泄露”，clean up意为“打扫、清理”，learn from意为“向……学习”，refer to意为“涉及、指的是”。根据上文“leave all the chaos behind for someone else”可知，留给别人清理所有的混乱。故选B。
12．A.quit B．hesitated
C．approved D．appeared
D 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，几分钟以后这个人带着一些工具出现了。quit意为“离开、放弃”，hesitate意为“犹豫”，approve意为“赞成、同意”，appear意为“出现”。根据下文“as he doggedly fixed the fence and even improved it”可知，这个人又出现了。故选D。
13．A.worked B．counted
C．watched D．guessed
C 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的一个小时，我看着窗外，他坚持不懈地修理了栅栏，甚至改进了它。work意为“工作”，count意为“计算”，watch意为“观看”，guess意为“猜测”。根据下文“out my window”可知，“我”看着窗外，看到这个人一直在修栅栏。故选C。
14．A.unbalanced B．uncertain
C．unfair D．unhurried
C 解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个人实际上是个英雄，我对我不公平的判断感到尴尬。unbalanced意为“不平衡的”，uncertain意为“不确定的”，unfair意为“不公平的”，unhurried意为“从容不迫的”。根据上文的“This man was actually a hero and I was embarrassed”可知，“我”因为“我”不公平的判断感到尴尬。故选C。
15．A.wonder B．observe
C．explain D．challenge
A 解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：它让我想知道那个人还有什么进步，我如何才能让自己更像他。wonder意为“想知道”，observe意为“观察”，explain意为“解释”，challenge意为“挑战”。根据下文提的两个疑问“what else that man has improved, and how I can make myself more like him”可知，“我”想知道那个人还能取得什么别的进步，“我”如何才能让自己更像他。故选A。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2021·广东化州一模)The global tourism industry is developing 1.____________(quick)．In 2017, it contributed eight trillion dollars to the economy, and accounted for 10 percent of employment worldwide.
Americans used to be 2.____________ biggest movers in the industry.Now it's the Chinese.Last year, more Chinese people 3.____________(travel) and spent more money doing so than any other nationality.
4．____________ middle classes get wealthier in emerging market (新兴市场) countries, their travel budgets grow.The number of Indian travelers is also rising, with countries like Jordan, Australia and Israel, 5.____________(make) it easier for Indians to get visas.
Although only 7 percent of Chinese citizens have 6.____________(passport), by 2030, Chinese trips will account for around a quarter of all international tourism.
Thailand is the top international destination for Chinese travelers.Mexico is the number one 7.____________(choose) for American people.Europeans, meanwhile, tend to stay in Europe, accounting for around 90 percent of nights 8.____________(spend) by tourists in the EU.
Tourism is increasing in most areas of the world, 9.____________ one remarkable exception.Travel bans on people from Muslim countries, more visa checks and a 10.____________(strong) dollar have made the United States less popular with international visitors.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了正在迅速发展的全球旅游业，但有一个例外——因为种种原因，美国对国际游客来说不那么受欢迎。
1．quickly 解析：考查副词。句意：全球旅游业正迅速发展。本句谓语动词是is developing，要用副词修饰is developing，说明发展的速度很快。故填quickly。
2．the 解析：考查冠词。句意：美国人曾经是这个行业最大的推动者。根据形容词最高级biggest可知此处用the。故填the。
3．traveled 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：去年，中国人比其他任何国家的人旅行和消费的都要多。句子的时间状语是Last year，主语是more Chinese people，因此应该用一般过去时，travel的过去式是traveled。故填traveled。
4．As 解析：考查连词。句意：随着新兴市场国家的中产阶级越来越富裕，他们的旅行预算也在增长。这里表示伴随的情况，随着新兴市场国家的中产阶级越来越富裕，as在这里是连词，意为“随着”，句首要注意大写。故填As。
5．making 解析：考查现在分词。句意：和约旦、澳大利亚和以色列等国相比，印度游客的数量也在增加，让印度人更容易获得签证。主句是“The number of Indian travelers is also rising(印度游客的数量也在增加)”，因此就使得印度人更容易获得签证，这里用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
6．passports 解析：考查名词的复数。句意：尽管只有7%的中国公民持有护照……谓语是have，主语是Chinese citizens, passport作宾语，是可数名词，故要用复数。故填passports。
7．choice 解析：考查名词。句意：墨西哥是美国人的首选。the number one意为“第一”，后接名词的单数形式。故填choice。
8．spent 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，欧洲人倾向于留在欧洲，在欧盟留宿的游客大约有90%是欧洲游客。nights与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，且句中还有by，应该用过去分词spent，表示被动。故填spent。
9．with 解析：考查介词。句意：世界上大部分地区的旅游业都在增长，只有一个显著的例外。exception意为“例外”可知，这里是指下文列举的例外，是一种伴随关系。故填with。
10．stronger 解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：对来自穆斯林国家的人们的旅行禁令、更多的签证检查和美元走强使得美国对国际游客来说不那么受欢迎。根据句中形容词比较级more可知此处应该也用形容词比较级，修饰名词 dollar。故填stronger。
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