Module 2 Mass media Unit 4 Newspapers知识点详解及练习（含答案）

沪教英语八年级下Unit 4讲义
重点单词讲解
1. cartoon n. 动画片；卡通片 【短】cartoon character _______________
2. warning n. 警告 ； 警示
拓展 ： warn v. 警告；警示 常用搭配： warn sb.(not)to do sth.
例： They were warned not to climb the mountain in such bad weather.
3. thought n. 心思；思想 【派生】thoughtful adj. 深思的 thoughtless adj. 粗心的
V. 想；思考_________ 的过去式和过去分词
例：It’s hard to read his thoughts from the expression on his face.
4．record v. 录制；录音 【派生】recorder n. 记录器；录音机
n. 记录；唱片 【短】world record 世界纪录
常用搭配 ： set the record 创造记录 break the record 打破记录 hold the record 保持记录
例句：Could you record the show for me
5. effect n.效果 【派生】affect v. 影响；感染 effective adj. 有效的 effectively adv. 有效地
【短】sound effects 音效 例句：The sound effects of the movie were very good.
6. basic adj. 基本的；基础的 【派】base v. base on 基于；以…为根据
basically adv. 基本上 例句：A family is the basic unit of society.
7. stage n. 1) 段；步；步骤 2）舞台 【短】in the first / second stage 在第一/ 二阶段
stage by stage 逐步地 on the stage 在舞台上
8. pleasant adj. 1)友好的; 和善的 ;文雅的 2)令人愉快的 例： It is pleasant to chat with friends.
【反】unpleasant adj. 令人不快的
拓展 ：
please v. 使 … 愉快；取悦
例： I sent a present to my parents to please them. 我给爸妈送了份礼物来使他们开心。
pleased adj. 感到愉快的
例： She was very pleased with her exam results. 她对她的考试结果很满意。
pleasing adj. 令人愉快的
例： The new building was pleasing to the eye. 这栋新楼很养眼。
pleasure n. 愉快；乐事
例： Swimming is one of my greatest pleasures. 游泳是我喜欢做的事情之一。
9. detailed adj. 详细的 ； 细致的 例： Let’s make a more detailed plan.
拓展 ： detail n. 细节 【短】in detail 详细地；具体地
例： They didn't tell us any details about the game.
10. appear v. 显得；看来；似乎;出现 【近】seem 【反】disappear v.消失
appear(to be)+ adj./n.
例： She did her best to appear more confident than she really was. 她竭力表现得比她原本的更为自信。
appear to do
例： He appears to fail the exam. 他似乎考试不及格。
It appears that … 似乎…
例句：It appears that you have made a mistake. = You appear to have made a mistake.
【派】appearance n.出现；露面 例句：They appear to be able to solve the problem.
11. match ① v. 与… 相配 【短】match… with… 使…和…相配
The curtains and the carpets match perfectly. 窗帘和地毯十分谐调。
② n. 比赛 They are holding a football match. 他们正在举行一场足球比赛。
③ n. 火柴 I bought a box of matches. 我买了一盒火柴。
12. separately adv. 单独地 ； 分别地 词根 ： separate
separate 的用法 ：
v. 分开；分离 (separate from)
例： South America separated from Africa 200million years ago. 南美在两亿年前不非洲分离开。
adj. 分开的；单独的
例： The school is housed in two separate buildings. 这所学校建在两栋分开的楼里。
13. score v. 得分scoring ;scored; scored
例： Our team didn’t score in the game. 我们队在比赛中没有得分。
拓展 ：score 【C】 n. 分数
14. play v. 玩；播放 n. player 播放器常见搭配 ：
① play against 同 … 比赛
例： France will play against England Saturday. 法国周六将和英格兰对决。
play…with 和 … 一起玩
例： A group of kids were playing with a ball in the street.
15. make it 获得成功 例句：You needn’t worry; he will make it.
拓展：make it 1)表示事业获得成功 You’ll make it if you try.
2)表示约定时间 Let’s make it at seven o’clock on Tuesday morning.
3)表示及时赶上火车等 The train leaves in five minutes—we’ll never make it.
16. in trouble 在困境中
例： A real friend will help you when you are in trouble. 真正的朋友会在你困难的时候帮助你。
常用搭配 ：
have trouble with sb./sth. 某人 / 某物有问题、有毛病
例： I have trouble with my bike. 我的自行车有毛病。
② get into trouble 惹上麻烦
例： The naught dog always gets into trouble. 这只淘气的狗总是惹麻烦。
③ take the trouble to do 费力做某事
例： Thank you for taking the trouble to help me. 谢谢你这么费力地帮助我。
have trouble (in)doing sth. 做某事有困难
例： I have trouble in training my dog. 我在训养狗方面有困难。
二、词组短语
1. comic strips 连环漫画
2.look at oneself in the mirror照镜子
3. the best cartoon characters in the world世界上最好的卡通角色
4. speech bubble.对话框
5. pop out (眼睛)(因激动、惊奇)张大;睁大;瞪起
6. thought bubble想法框
7. light bulb symbol灯泡符号
8. make a cartoon制作动画
9. need to do sth需要做某事
10. decide on sth决定某事
11. make a rough sketch of the story给故事打草稿
12. have an idea for…有一个关于…的主意
13. a computer program电脑程序
14. put.. together把…连在一起
15. sound effects音响效果
16. in a magazine在杂志上
17. basic ideas for a story故事的基本思路
18. at the underground station在地铁站
19. in the second stage在第二阶段
20. think about考虑
21. video camera摄像机
22. wear glasses戴眼镜
23. a pleasant girl一个和善的女孩
24. have straight, black hair留着黑色直发
25.draw detailed pictures画细节图片
26. in the next stage在下一阶段
27. do one’s voice为某人配音
28. the noise of the underground地铁的噪声
29.be ready to do sth准备好做某事
30. as well as也
31. look real看起来真实
32.appear to be alive看起来栩栩如生
33. make a summary作总结.
34. in one's own words用某人自己的话
35. the main idea主要思想
36. in a chat room在一个聊天室
37.play against 同…比赛
38. pick…up 把…捡起来
39.weather forecast 天气预报
40.Thank goodness 谢天谢地
41.make it 获得成功
42.end with … 以…结束
43.a great success 一个巨大的成功
44. in total 总共
45.have a long history 有很长的历史
三、语法精讲
现在完成时和情态动词的被动语态
1. 概念：被动语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系，表示主语是动作的承受者。
二 . 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换 (be done)
We visited that factory last summer. 主动语态
主语 谓语 宾语 状语
That factory was visited by us last summer. 被动语态
三．主动句变被动句动词结构的变化
① 现在进行时的被动语态：am/ is/ are + being + done The room is being cleaned by the students now.
② 过去进行时的被动语态:was/ were + being + done The classroom was being cleaned by the students at 8 yesterday.
③ 现在完成时的被动语态：has/ have + (not) + been + done The room has already been cleaned by the students.
④ 含情态动词的被动语态:should/ must +(not)+be+done The room should be cleaned every day.
四．特殊情况（无被动语态的情况）
① 表示主语本身的性质时不用被动，如 write, sell, ride 等；如： The book sells well.
② 不及物动词，如 die, disappear, sit 等；
③ 感官系动词，如 look, sound, taste, smell, feel ，如： She looks tired.
④ 常考无被动情况的动词及短语： happen, take place, break out, belong to.
⑤ 使役动词 (make, let) 在主动句中，其后的动词不带 to, 但变被动是必须加上 to.
The boss made the worker work for 12 hours yesterday.
⑥ 带双宾语的词：可以将直接宾语转化为主语，也可以将间接宾语转化为主语;
若将直接宾语化为主语，保留间接宾语，并在间接宾语前加上介词for或to；
常用带to的动词有 give，pass, send，tell, show，lend， teach等
常用带for的动词有:make，buy，cook等
变被动语态
He often tells us interesting stories. 他经常给我们讲有趣的故事
1)Interesting stories are often told to us by him.直接宾语转化为主语
2)We are often told interesting stories by hit间接宾语转化为主语
He shows a beautiful picture to us.他向我们展示了一幅美丽的图画。
1)A beautiful picture is shown to us by him.直接宾语转化为主语
2) We are shown a beautiful picture by him.间接宾语转化为主语
被动语态专项练习
Ⅰ . 把下列主动语态改为被动语态 :
1．We often use a recorder in our English class.____________________________________________
2．They will show a new film next week. ____________________________________________
3．When did they build the house ____________________________________________
4. I saw the boy enter the room. ____________________________________________
5．Will they show a new film next week ____________________________________________
6．Have they posted the letter yet ____________________________________________
7．We often see him help his classmate. ____________________________________________
8 . You must turn off the light before you go to bed____________________________________________
9 . Who is repairing the bike ____________________________________________
10. The student should learn all the texts by heart. ____________________________________________
Ⅱ . 选择填空 :
1.The reading room ________ yesterday afternoon.
A. cleaned B. is cleaned C. was cleaning D. was cleaned
2.The workers were made ________ ten hours a day.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
3.Food ________ in a cool place in summer.
A. must keep B. mustn’t keep C. must be kept D. mustn’ t be kept
4.His father ________ to work in Hong Kong 3 years ago.
A. sent B. was sent C. has sent D. has been sent
5.The pen ________ well.
A. writes B. is written C. was written D. writing
6.Great changes ________ in the town since 1988.
A. have taken place B. have been taken p lace C. has taken place D. has been taken place
7.Our compositions must ________ next Monday.
A. be hand in B. be handed in C. handed in D. be handing in
8.The child will ________ back to his parents next month.
A. sent B. send C. be sent D. be sending
9.________ his work ________ yet
A. have … been finished B. has … been finished C. has … finished D. have … finished
10.The classroom ________ now
A. is cleaning B. is being cleaning C. is being cleaned D. is cleaned
Ⅲ . 用适当时态和语态的动词填空 :
1. Can he ________ (speak) English
2. What language ________ (speak) in that country
3. The film ________ (show) many times since last Sunday.
4. These TV sets ________ (make) in SiChuan.
5. It has got so dark. Would you please ________ (turn) on the light
6. A new hospital ________ (build) in this area now.
7. ________ the book ________ (return).
8. Rice ________ (grow) in the south.
9. The window ________ (not break) by the boy.
10. I ________ (tell) he ________ (not come) just now.
Ⅳ ．将下列句子改为被动语态。
1. We can finish the work in two days.
2. They have made some flowers of silk.
3. I have given this book to the library.
4. The students are planting some trees and flowers.
5. They are to open up a new business next week.
6. Children couldn’ t have done all this damage.
7. All of us will see him off at the airport.
8. They feed the tigers at the zoo three times a day.
9. You must hand in your homework before five.
10. You must not plant trees in very dry earth.
Ⅴ . 用所给动词的正确形式填空
1. English ________ (speak) in many countries.
2. Information in short-term memory ________ (can, not, keep) very long.
3. After that, one of the lights _______ (turn off) and the rat had to wait for a short time.
4. Just a few years ago, tomatoes _______ (believe) to have magical powers, making people wh o ate them fall in love.
5. It is said new copies of the book _______ (print) now.
6. The old house _______ (pull) down next month.
7. In the old days, the children _______ (take care of) by the mother because she did not work outside the house.
8. Needless to say, the second list of words ___ (can, remember) more easily than the first one.
9. She _______ (send) to another village when I got there.
10. The teacher said that we _________ (give) another chance some time next month if we failed in the exam.