人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试卷：Unit 2 Iconic Attractions （含答案）
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Unit 2 Iconic Attractions ——2021-2022学年高二英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册单元测试卷
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open:29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct).
House: 11.15—16.00(15.00 in Oct).
Town:Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open:Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 —17.00 Summer. 10.30一16.00 Winter.
Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun,so there's something for everyone!
Open:High Season 1 Apr—31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00— 17.00, Sun 11.00—17.00.
Low Season 1 Nov一31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00— 16.30, Sun 12.00—16.30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the cafe. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30—17.30( last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
A.09.30—17.30. B.10.30—16.00. C.11.15—16.00. D.12.00—16.30.
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
A.Enjoy Romney's works. B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival. D.Learn the history of a family.
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life
A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.
B
Would you save a woman, a child or a dog in a car crash An experiment has investigated human morality (道德观) and ranked countries based on who they would save in the event of a certain death situation.
The findings show the value of life varies according to different countries. French people, for example, are far more likely to save women than men. Lithuania ranks in the top 10 for saving both the young and the healthy. The four characters most people saved in the experiment are a baby, a little girl, a little boy and a pregnant woman.
The experiment put forward difficult ethical (伦理的) decisions such as choosing between the lives of a family of four crossing the road and a group of old people going the other way. Quandaries(两难境地) like this will one day be faced by autonomous vehicles that will be programmed with rules that place value on human life.
Tests into the moral decisions involving almost forty million people around the world, including the English, have found that the lives of women and men are widely held in equal regard. The French however resist the trend as they think the lives of women have far more weight than those of men.
Dr Edmond Awad, of the MIT Media Lab, who is the lead author, said, "The study is basically trying to understand the kinds of moral decisions that driverless cars might have to turn to. We don't know yet how they should do that." He added, "we find that there are three elements that people seem to approve of the most."
"These are that humans are saved over animals, that many people are saved rather than a few, and that the young are saved rather than the old."
Dr Awad added, "The main preferences are to some degree universally agreed upon. But the degree to which they agree with this varies among different groups or countries."
1.According to Para. 2, which of the following is least likely to be saved in danger
A.A little girl. B.A little boy. C.A pregnant woman. D.An old man.
2.Why did the experiment come up with different ethical decisions
A.The value should be placed on human life.
B.It's very interesting to do this kind of experiment.
C.Self-driving cars will one day face the same decisions.
D.It's very dangerous for a family of four to cross the road.
3.In which aspect is France different from other countries on their decision
A.It treats lives of women and men equally. B.It thinks the lives of the young come first.
C.It attaches more value to women's lives. D.It shows extraordinary respect for the old.
4.What can we know about the three elements found by Dr. Awad's team
A.Animals are saved over humans.
B.The three elements are equally agreed upon.
C.The lives of the old are above those of the young.
D.The lives of many people will be considered first.
C
Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language
In a recent Wall Street Journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so, we would be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That's because technological progress is extremely rapid. It's only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should learn a second language.
It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating "No es bueno dormir mucho" into "It's not good to sleep too much". Replacing a word with its equivalent in the target language is actually the easy part of a translator's job. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.
It's so difficult for computers because translation doesn't — or shouldn't — involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it's about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situations, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.
Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.
1.What does the underlined word "imminent" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Ready. B.Approaching. C.Unpractical. D.Confusing.
2.Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent
A.Their data is not adequate enough. B.The real meaning of words can vary.
C.Their accuracy needs big improvement. D.A soul hasn't been breathed in them.
3.What view does the author hold about translation
A.Proper translation can be tough for humans.
B.Slight distinctions matter little in translation.
C.Some machines will interpret our world properly.
D.Cultures deserve more attention than words used.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.An Expert's Precise Prediction B.The Complexity of Translation
C.Who Will Be a Better Translator D.Will the Language Barrier Actually Fall
D
Named "America's Finest City" due to its hospitality, beauty and ideal climate, San Diego is located on the border with Mexico. The residents are so active outdoors that it is called "Sportstown, the U.S.A." San Diego's 70 miles of beaches are a heaven for swimmers, surfers, divers, boaters and sunbathers. Another favourite outside activity is golf. With 100 courses (about 50 of them public), San Diego is a golfer's paradise.
Many San Diego residents came here first as tourists who were attracted by San Diego's sunny beaches, nearby mountains and deserts, plus the cultural delights of any big city. The world-famous San Diego Zoo, Sea World, Wild Animal Park, museums, conceits and other attractions bring visitors from around the world.
The zoo is home to some 4,000 animals, including the world's largest collection of parrots. Animals are displayed in natural settings, and there is a petting zoo for children. By contrast, the Wild Animal Park is a wildlife preserve with an area of over 2,000 acres and more than 3,000 free-roaming(漫步) animals in natural habitats.
In addition to housing the zoo, Balboa Park is home to several museums and attractions, including an aerospace museum, an art and history museum, the Old Globe Theatre, science museums and even a railroad museum. Free concerts are offered frequently. Another popular attraction is Sea World, a 150-acre marine park.
San Diego's varied attractions, as well as its business climate, offer many opportunities for students to explore the local culture, meet people from around the world, and gain business experience. At San Diego State University, for example, students in the American Language Institute's study tour program learn English both in the classroom and while sightseeing.
1. The residents of San Diego probably like to _____.
A. have sports outdoors
B. travel to other places
C. stay at home
D. stay outdoors all day
2. Many San Diego residents came to settle down inSan Diego because _____.
A. it was more convenient to live there
B. they were attracted by its beauty and culture
C. they could make money from tourism there
D. it was a quiet place to enjoy themselves
3. Which of the following most attracts children
A. The parrots.
B. The art and history museum.
C. The petting zoo.
D. The Old Globe Theatre.
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A. San Diego is a good place for students to gain practical experience
B. San Diego State University is most famous for language studies
C. San Diego is not a good place to do business
D. students at San Diego State University don't have to work hard
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A recent survey shows that roughly 85 percent of people feel physical symptoms of stress. ①_________, and they will help you feel more energetic tomorrow;
Double your chews
Chewing is a super important part of the digestion. Chewing makes it easier for your body to break down food and turn it into energy. The most proper number of chews per bite is unclear. ②_________. It will be easy for your body to break down the food and store energy.
Drink less coffee
Although caffeine in coffee blocks your brain from receiving adenosine(腺苷), which causes tiredness, it doesn't stop your body from producing it. So once the caffeine disappears, it's the build-up of adenosine that causes you to crash and reach for more caffeine, creating a bad circle. ③_________, but drinking less coffee can help you feel more energetic in the long term.
Take a few deep breaths
By not breathing deeply enough, you end up sending a signal to your nervous system that increases your anxiety even further. Changing your breathing habits by taking a few long, slow breaths throughout the day reduces the stress response while energizing your cells. ④_________: Simply breathe in through your nose for a count of three and out through your mouth for a count of three. Repeat as necessary.
⑤_________
Take some time to reflect on the positive by writing down three things that went smoothly during your day or just items you feel grateful for. This exercise can prepare your mind for what's going right in your life, putting the brakes on stress increases while helping to protect your energy reserves.
A. Set down what went well today
B. Try an exercise to achieve this
C. Reflect on your day sometimes
D. Reducing your reliance on it sounds scary
E. Take a look at the small changes you can make today
F. Shallow breathing is one of the annoying side effects of stress
G. However, it's been suggested that 25 to 40 times will be beneficial
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
William Green, aged 82, was making his breakfast when he heard somebody in his garden. "I went out of the back door and suddenly I saw this man running towards me, he 1 me out of the way and took my 2 from the garden shed." Mr. Green did not 3 , as he knew he would be no match in a fight for the man. The burglar tried to cycle away, but the 4 of the bike were flat so it was difficult to ride. "He kept 5 the bicycle," said Mr. Green, "at least three times." After the man had 6 , Mr. Green called the police.
When they arrived, officers asked him to 7 the man, but instead he offered to draw them a picture. "When Mr. Green started drawing," said one of the police officers, "I knew straight away who the 8 was." In fact, Mr. Green had drawing caricatures (漫画)for more than 20 years in newspapers. "I had no difficulty in remembering the man's face because he was so 9 to me," he said.
Police 10 in the neighborhood with the sketch (素描) of the burglar and found him within half an hour. The cartoon was a perfect 11 of the robber. And the 12 bike was later found in a road nearby.
Police believed that this was the first time they had ever caught a suspect with a 13 sketch. A senior police officer said that in the past some victims used their mobile phones to take 14 at crime scenes, but they were not as 15 .
1.A.prevented B.pushed C.led D.caught
2.A.cellphone B.wallet C.picture D.bicycle
3.A.resist B.refuse C.withdraw D.obey
4.A.wires B.wheels C.tyres D.parts
5.A.falling off B.moving away C.dropping on D.putting aside
6.A.begged B.returned C.fled D.settled
7.A.identify B.name C.illustrate D.describe
8.A.owner B.robber C.rider D.victim
9.A.dangerous B.polite C.close D.rude
10.A.arrived B.searched C.wandered D.gathered
11.A.partner B.likeness C.twin D.model
12.A.missing B.broken C.expensive D.dusty
13.A.beautiful B.professional C.pencil D.cartoon
14.A.actions B.photographs C.messages D.notes
15.A.convenient B.smooth C.skillful D.effective
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Sydney Opera House
The Sydney Opera House is one of the most famous buildings in the world, ①_____(consider) to be one of the most recognisable ②_____ (image) of the modern world, although the building has been open for only about 40 years. The Sydney Opera House is ③_____ representative of Australia as the pyramids of Egypt.
6, 225 square metres of glass and 645 kilometres of electric cable were used to build the Opera House, ④_____ (include) 900 rooms. It is 183 metres long and 118 metres wide. The building's roof sections weigh about 15 tons and there are about 1 million tiles on the roof, ⑤_____ provides guided tours for 200,000 people a year.
But do you know the Opera House with a roof was designed by a famous Danish architect, Utzon In the late1950s, the ⑥_____ (Australia) government established an appeal fund to finance the ⑦_____ (construct) of the Sydney Opera House, and conducted a competition for its design. Utzon devoted a few years to ⑧_____ (rework) the design and it was 1961 before he had solved the problem of ⑨_____ to build the distinguishing feature—the sails of the roof.
The venture experienced cost blowouts. In 1966, the situation reached a crisis point and Utzon resigned from the project. The building was finally completed by others in 1973. The Sydney Opera House was opened by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ on 20th October, 1973.
The Sydney Opera House, ⑩_____ (locate) on Bennelong Point, reaches out into the harbour. The skyline of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the blue water of the harbour and the Sydney Opera House, viewed from a ferry or from the air, is dramatic and unforgettable.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华,在美国纽约学习一个月了,但还是无法适应那里的生活,请你给你的美国朋友 David 写一封电子邮件,请他给你一些建议。要点如下:
1.饮食不习惯;
2.语言交流有障碍;
3.社交遇到问题。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
Whenever I travel and get on the plane, I usually carry two bags. A big handbag or a tote, and a small shoulder bag. The small shoulder bag is where I put the important stuff, like my passport, so I could take it with me wherever I go. I had a 7-hour layover in Stockholm for my flight to Barcelona. It was enough time to visit the old city and come back to the airport. I was on my way to purchase a train ticket when I realized my shoulder bag was missing...I have never been so scared in my life. I felt stuck. Without a passport, I couldn't go back home to the US and I couldn't move forward to my final destination in Spain either.
The only thing I could think of was to go back to the arrival gate. I went back to the sitting area and looked around, but it was nowhere to be found. I saw the lady who sat beside me on the plane and asked her if she had seen it and unfortunately, she said no. There was a deli(熟食店) stand right next to the safety fence in the waiting area, so I asked the deli clerk if he had seen anything and to my surprise, he said yes! He said he had given it to an airport employee though. I explained to the first airport employee that I saw what happened, and she immediately called someone for me, as she was already aware of the situation.
After a short session of waiting, I saw two men in uniform walking towards me and one of them holding my bag. He asked me a couple of questions just to make sure I was the right person and after I answered correctly, he handed it back to me...I was so grateful! I could not stop thanking him. I realized the reason why I lost it was that the strap broke off and it fell on the floor. I went back to the food clerk to thank him too and to ask how he found it.
Paragraph 1:
The food clerk looked at me and told me about that. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After I opened the bag, I saw everything still in the bag, including the $500 in cash. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.CAD
解析：1.细节理解题。本题题干意为:位于Dalemain Mansion&Historic Gardens的House在七月的星期天的什么时间开放 根据第一个小标题Dalemain Mansion&Historic Gardens下的House:11.15—16.00(15.00 in Oct)可知C项正确。
2.细节理解题。本题题干意为:游客在Abbot Hall Art Gallery&Museum能做什么 根据第二个小标题Abbot Hall Art Gallery&Museum下的第二句(令人印象深刻的永久性作品集包括Turners和Romney……)知A项(欣赏Romney的作品)正确。B:有一些互动的乐趣;C:参加一个著名的节日;D:学习一个家族的历史。
3.细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果游客想要去探索Wordsworth的生活,他们应该去哪里 根据第四个小标题Dove Cottage&The Wordsworth Museum下的第一句话(找到William Wordsworth的灵感之家)及Town:Grasmere可知D项正确。
B
答案：1-4.DACB
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第二段最后一句 "The four characters most people saved in the experiment are a baby, a little girl, a little boy and a pregnant woman" 可知答案。
2.考查细节理解。由第三段的内容尤其是 "Quandaries (两难境地) like this will one day be faced by autonomous vehicles that will be programmed with rules that place value on human life" 可知选A。
3.考查细节理解。由第四段中的 "The French however resist the trend as they think the lives of women have far more weight than those of men" 可知,在法国,人们更重视女性的生命。
4.考查细节理解。由文章倒数第二段可知,B项正确,故选B。根据文章最后一段内容可知,D项错误。
C
答案：1-4.BBAD
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第二段的最后两句可知,用机器交流仅仅是个时间问题,一些父母十分相信这种技术即将来临,以至于他们不知道自己的孩子是否还需要学习第二语言,故选B。
2.考查细节理解。根据第四段内容可知,翻译不仅仅是翻译单词、句子和段落,确切地说,它是有关意思的转换,为了推断一个具体短语的意思,人类不得不同时理解很多信息,故可知,单词真正的意思是会随着语境的变化而变化的。所以选B。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better"可以推测出,准确的翻译对于人来说很难。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。根据文章内容,尤其是文章开头"Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language"可知,本文主要讨论了语言障碍会不会变小的问题。故选D。
D
答案：1-4 ABCA
解析：1.细节理解题。从文章第一段中的The residents are so active outdoors...U.S.A.可知答案。
2.细节理解题。从文章第二段第一句可知，圣迭戈的许多居民原先都是游客，他们被这儿的美景和文化吸引，因此定居下来。
3.细节理解题。从文章第三段中的and there is a petting zoo for children可知，圣迭戈动物园中有为儿童设立的爱畜动物园。
4.推理判断题。文章最后一段说明，学生们在圣迭戈可以一边接触来自世界各地的人，一边获得商业经验，还提到了学生们既能在教室中学习英语，也能在观光时学习英语。所以，圣迭戈对学生们来说是一个可以获得实践经验的好地方。故选A。
第二节
答案：EGDBA
解析：①上文说人们会出现有压力的身体症状,下文又介绍几种减压方法,因此此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句,故E项(看看你今天能做的小改变)符合语境。空后的 they 对应选项中的 small changes。
②根据本空前的"The most proper number of chews per bite is unclear"可知,目前还不清楚每咬一口(食物)最正确的咀嚼次数,此处承接上文,讲的还是关于咀嚼次数的内容,并与上文形成转折关系,故G项符合语境。
③根据本空后的"but drinking less coffee can help you feel more energetic in the long term"可知,长期来看,少喝点咖啡有助于你感到更有活力,根据连词 but可知前后两句在语义上存在转折关系,故D项(减少你对它的依赖听起来可怕)符合语境。D项中的it指代 coffee。
④冒号后的内容具体描述了如何进行呼吸练习,故B项(试着做个练习来实现这一点)符合语境。
⑤根据本段第一句可知,花点时间记下一天中进展顺利的三件事或者只是让你心存感激的事项,故A项(把今天进展顺利的事情写下来)符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BDACA; 6-10.CDBCB; 11-15.BADBD
解析：1.根据前文中的 "suddenly I saw this man running towards me" 可知,William Green 看到一个人突然向他跑过来,再结合后文那个人抢走了他的自行车可推测出,这里是指窃贼将 William Green 推开。故选B。
2.根据后文中的 "The burglar tried to cycle away" 可知,窃贼抢走的是自行车。故选D。
3.根据后文中的 "as he knew he would be no match in a fight for the man" 可知,William Green 知道自己不是窃贼的对手,所以推测出此处指他没有反抗。故选A。resist “抵抗”; refuse “拒绝”;withdraw “撤退”;obey “服从,遵守”。
4.根据后文中的 flat(没气的)可知,此处是指自行车的轮胎没气,所以骑起来比较困难。故选C。
5.根据前文中的 "so it was difficult to ride" 可知,自行车骑起来比较困难,所以窃贼从车上跌下来至少三次。故选A。
6.由后文警察到来之后,他们要求 Green 先生描述一下窃贼的样子可知,窃贼已经逃跑了。故选C。
7.参见上题解析。
8.一个警察说:“Green先生一开始画,我立刻就知道窃贼是谁了。”因为前文中 Green 先生提出画窃贼的画像,所以这里是指警察知道 Green 先生画的窃贼是谁。故选B。
9.根据前文中的 "suddenly I saw this man running towards me" 可知,窃贼跑向 Green 先生并将他推开,说明 Green 先生近距离地看到了窃贼的样子。故选C。
10.警察拿着窃贼的画像在街区搜寻(searched),结果在半个小时内就找到了他。故选B。
11.这个漫画是酷似窃贼本人的画像。故选B。 likeness 意为“画像”。
12.丢失的自行车后来在附近的一条路上被找到。missing 意为“丢失的”。故选A。
13.警察们认为这是他们第一次根据一幅漫画素描抓住了嫌疑人。上文中的 "The cartoon was a perfect 11 of the robber" 是提示。
14.一个高级警官说以前有受害者在犯罪现场用手机拍照。这里是将用手机拍照和 Green 先生画窃贼的画像两种方式进行对比,故选B。
15.此处表示受害者在犯罪现场用手机拍照的做法没有画漫画那样有效。根据语境可知,D项正确。
第二节
答案： considered; images; as; including; which; Australian; construction; reworking; how; located
解析：①过去分词短语作后置定语，表明句子的主语the Sydney Opera House是该动作的承受者。
②由于前面用了one of…，故该名词应该用复数形式。
③本句考查as…as用法。
④本空用介词including“包括”。
⑤关系代词引导非限制性定语从句， which指代先行词roof。
⑥本空应该用形容词修饰后面的名词government。
⑦定冠词和介词of之间应该用名词。
⑤动词短语devote time to doing“花时间做……”。
⑨理解句意可知,一直到1961年，他才提出如何建设出别具一格的特色来。
⑩过去分词短语作后置定语。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear David,
I have been in New York for a month, but I still find it hard to adapt myself to everything around me. ①I hope that you would give me some suggestions on the following problems.
To begin with, I am not accustomed to the food that tastes very different from Chinese food. Besides, I find I can't communicate with others here because it is difficult for me to catch up with what the locals say. Finally, I have no friends here, so I feel lonely.
②I will be grateful if you can spare some time to do me a favor.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
The food clerk looked at me and told me about that. He said someone picked a bag up on the floor right in front of the stand, waiting for the owner for a long time. However, no one came to get it. So she had to hand it to him. When he saw the employee coming near, he gave it to her. I could not believe the honesty I just witnessed. Fortunately, I met it in my life. How happy I felt at that time.
Paragraph 2:
After I opened the bag, I saw everything still in the bag, including the $ 500 in cash. I understood them returning my passport out of pity, but they did not have to return the cash. The three different people had a chance to take it, the person who found it on the floor, the food clerk, and the airport employee. However, none of them did so. I was very fortunate that there were so many kind people. Therefore, let's be kind, and the world will be more wonderful.
本试卷满分120分，考试时间100分钟。
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Lake District Attractions Guide
Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open:29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct).
House: 11.15—16.00(15.00 in Oct).
Town:Pooley Bridge & Penrith
Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall's temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives.
Open:Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30 —17.00 Summer. 10.30一16.00 Winter.
Town: Kendal
Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery
Discover, explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House, where historic collections, contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun,so there's something for everyone!
Open:High Season 1 Apr—31 Oct: Mon to Sat 10.00— 17.00, Sun 11.00—17.00.
Low Season 1 Nov一31 Mar: Mon to Sat 10.00— 16.30, Sun 12.00—16.30.
Town: Carlisle
Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the cafe. Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09.30—17.30( last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July
A.09.30—17.30. B.10.30—16.00. C.11.15—16.00. D.12.00—16.30.
2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum
A.Enjoy Romney's works. B.Have some interactive fun.
C.Attend a famous festival. D.Learn the history of a family.
3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life
A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.
B
Would you save a woman, a child or a dog in a car crash An experiment has investigated human morality (道德观) and ranked countries based on who they would save in the event of a certain death situation.
The findings show the value of life varies according to different countries. French people, for example, are far more likely to save women than men. Lithuania ranks in the top 10 for saving both the young and the healthy. The four characters most people saved in the experiment are a baby, a little girl, a little boy and a pregnant woman.
The experiment put forward difficult ethical (伦理的) decisions such as choosing between the lives of a family of four crossing the road and a group of old people going the other way. Quandaries(两难境地) like this will one day be faced by autonomous vehicles that will be programmed with rules that place value on human life.
Tests into the moral decisions involving almost forty million people around the world, including the English, have found that the lives of women and men are widely held in equal regard. The French however resist the trend as they think the lives of women have far more weight than those of men.
Dr Edmond Awad, of the MIT Media Lab, who is the lead author, said, "The study is basically trying to understand the kinds of moral decisions that driverless cars might have to turn to. We don't know yet how they should do that." He added, "we find that there are three elements that people seem to approve of the most."
"These are that humans are saved over animals, that many people are saved rather than a few, and that the young are saved rather than the old."
Dr Awad added, "The main preferences are to some degree universally agreed upon. But the degree to which they agree with this varies among different groups or countries."
1.According to Para. 2, which of the following is least likely to be saved in danger
A.A little girl. B.A little boy. C.A pregnant woman. D.An old man.
2.Why did the experiment come up with different ethical decisions
A.The value should be placed on human life.
B.It's very interesting to do this kind of experiment.
C.Self-driving cars will one day face the same decisions.
D.It's very dangerous for a family of four to cross the road.
3.In which aspect is France different from other countries on their decision
A.It treats lives of women and men equally. B.It thinks the lives of the young come first.
C.It attaches more value to women's lives. D.It shows extraordinary respect for the old.
4.What can we know about the three elements found by Dr. Awad's team
A.Animals are saved over humans.
B.The three elements are equally agreed upon.
C.The lives of the old are above those of the young.
D.The lives of many people will be considered first.
C
Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language
In a recent Wall Street Journal article, technology policy expert Alec Ross argued that, within a decade or so, we would be able to communicate with one another via small earpieces with built-in microphones. That's because technological progress is extremely rapid. It's only a matter of time. Indeed, some parents are so convinced that this technology is imminent that they're wondering if their kids should learn a second language.
It's true that an increase in the quantity and accuracy of the data loaded into computers will make them cleverer at translating "No es bueno dormir mucho" into "It's not good to sleep too much". Replacing a word with its equivalent in the target language is actually the easy part of a translator's job. But even this seems to be a discouraging task for computers.
It's so difficult for computers because translation doesn't — or shouldn't — involve simply translating words, sentences or paragraphs. Rather, it's about translating meaning. And in order to infer meaning from a specific expression, humans have to interpret a mass of information at the same time. Think about all the related clues that go into understanding an expression: volume, gesture, situations, and even your culture. All are likely to convey as much meaning as the words you use.
Therefore, we should be very skeptical of a machine that is unable to interpret the world around us. If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better Unless engineers actually find a way to breathe a soul into a computer, undoubtedly when it comes to conveying and interpreting meaning using a natural language, a machine will never fully take our place.
1.What does the underlined word "imminent" in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A.Ready. B.Approaching. C.Unpractical. D.Confusing.
2.Why is it hard for computers to replace a word with its equivalent
A.Their data is not adequate enough. B.The real meaning of words can vary.
C.Their accuracy needs big improvement. D.A soul hasn't been breathed in them.
3.What view does the author hold about translation
A.Proper translation can be tough for humans.
B.Slight distinctions matter little in translation.
C.Some machines will interpret our world properly.
D.Cultures deserve more attention than words used.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.An Expert's Precise Prediction B.The Complexity of Translation
C.Who Will Be a Better Translator D.Will the Language Barrier Actually Fall
D
Named "America's Finest City" due to its hospitality, beauty and ideal climate, San Diego is located on the border with Mexico. The residents are so active outdoors that it is called "Sportstown, the U.S.A." San Diego's 70 miles of beaches are a heaven for swimmers, surfers, divers, boaters and sunbathers. Another favourite outside activity is golf. With 100 courses (about 50 of them public), San Diego is a golfer's paradise.
Many San Diego residents came here first as tourists who were attracted by San Diego's sunny beaches, nearby mountains and deserts, plus the cultural delights of any big city. The world-famous San Diego Zoo, Sea World, Wild Animal Park, museums, conceits and other attractions bring visitors from around the world.
The zoo is home to some 4,000 animals, including the world's largest collection of parrots. Animals are displayed in natural settings, and there is a petting zoo for children. By contrast, the Wild Animal Park is a wildlife preserve with an area of over 2,000 acres and more than 3,000 free-roaming(漫步) animals in natural habitats.
In addition to housing the zoo, Balboa Park is home to several museums and attractions, including an aerospace museum, an art and history museum, the Old Globe Theatre, science museums and even a railroad museum. Free concerts are offered frequently. Another popular attraction is Sea World, a 150-acre marine park.
San Diego's varied attractions, as well as its business climate, offer many opportunities for students to explore the local culture, meet people from around the world, and gain business experience. At San Diego State University, for example, students in the American Language Institute's study tour program learn English both in the classroom and while sightseeing.
1. The residents of San Diego probably like to _____.
A. have sports outdoors
B. travel to other places
C. stay at home
D. stay outdoors all day
2. Many San Diego residents came to settle down inSan Diego because _____.
A. it was more convenient to live there
B. they were attracted by its beauty and culture
C. they could make money from tourism there
D. it was a quiet place to enjoy themselves
3. Which of the following most attracts children
A. The parrots.
B. The art and history museum.
C. The petting zoo.
D. The Old Globe Theatre.
4. We can infer from the last paragraph that _____.
A. San Diego is a good place for students to gain practical experience
B. San Diego State University is most famous for language studies
C. San Diego is not a good place to do business
D. students at San Diego State University don't have to work hard
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A recent survey shows that roughly 85 percent of people feel physical symptoms of stress. ①_________, and they will help you feel more energetic tomorrow;
Double your chews
Chewing is a super important part of the digestion. Chewing makes it easier for your body to break down food and turn it into energy. The most proper number of chews per bite is unclear. ②_________. It will be easy for your body to break down the food and store energy.
Drink less coffee
Although caffeine in coffee blocks your brain from receiving adenosine(腺苷), which causes tiredness, it doesn't stop your body from producing it. So once the caffeine disappears, it's the build-up of adenosine that causes you to crash and reach for more caffeine, creating a bad circle. ③_________, but drinking less coffee can help you feel more energetic in the long term.
Take a few deep breaths
By not breathing deeply enough, you end up sending a signal to your nervous system that increases your anxiety even further. Changing your breathing habits by taking a few long, slow breaths throughout the day reduces the stress response while energizing your cells. ④_________: Simply breathe in through your nose for a count of three and out through your mouth for a count of three. Repeat as necessary.
⑤_________
Take some time to reflect on the positive by writing down three things that went smoothly during your day or just items you feel grateful for. This exercise can prepare your mind for what's going right in your life, putting the brakes on stress increases while helping to protect your energy reserves.
A. Set down what went well today
B. Try an exercise to achieve this
C. Reflect on your day sometimes
D. Reducing your reliance on it sounds scary
E. Take a look at the small changes you can make today
F. Shallow breathing is one of the annoying side effects of stress
G. However, it's been suggested that 25 to 40 times will be beneficial
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
William Green, aged 82, was making his breakfast when he heard somebody in his garden. "I went out of the back door and suddenly I saw this man running towards me, he 1 me out of the way and took my 2 from the garden shed." Mr. Green did not 3 , as he knew he would be no match in a fight for the man. The burglar tried to cycle away, but the 4 of the bike were flat so it was difficult to ride. "He kept 5 the bicycle," said Mr. Green, "at least three times." After the man had 6 , Mr. Green called the police.
When they arrived, officers asked him to 7 the man, but instead he offered to draw them a picture. "When Mr. Green started drawing," said one of the police officers, "I knew straight away who the 8 was." In fact, Mr. Green had drawing caricatures (漫画)for more than 20 years in newspapers. "I had no difficulty in remembering the man's face because he was so 9 to me," he said.
Police 10 in the neighborhood with the sketch (素描) of the burglar and found him within half an hour. The cartoon was a perfect 11 of the robber. And the 12 bike was later found in a road nearby.
Police believed that this was the first time they had ever caught a suspect with a 13 sketch. A senior police officer said that in the past some victims used their mobile phones to take 14 at crime scenes, but they were not as 15 .
1.A.prevented B.pushed C.led D.caught
2.A.cellphone B.wallet C.picture D.bicycle
3.A.resist B.refuse C.withdraw D.obey
4.A.wires B.wheels C.tyres D.parts
5.A.falling off B.moving away C.dropping on D.putting aside
6.A.begged B.returned C.fled D.settled
7.A.identify B.name C.illustrate D.describe
8.A.owner B.robber C.rider D.victim
9.A.dangerous B.polite C.close D.rude
10.A.arrived B.searched C.wandered D.gathered
11.A.partner B.likeness C.twin D.model
12.A.missing B.broken C.expensive D.dusty
13.A.beautiful B.professional C.pencil D.cartoon
14.A.actions B.photographs C.messages D.notes
15.A.convenient B.smooth C.skillful D.effective
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Sydney Opera House
The Sydney Opera House is one of the most famous buildings in the world, ①_____(consider) to be one of the most recognisable ②_____ (image) of the modern world, although the building has been open for only about 40 years. The Sydney Opera House is ③_____ representative of Australia as the pyramids of Egypt.
6, 225 square metres of glass and 645 kilometres of electric cable were used to build the Opera House, ④_____ (include) 900 rooms. It is 183 metres long and 118 metres wide. The building's roof sections weigh about 15 tons and there are about 1 million tiles on the roof, ⑤_____ provides guided tours for 200,000 people a year.
But do you know the Opera House with a roof was designed by a famous Danish architect, Utzon In the late1950s, the ⑥_____ (Australia) government established an appeal fund to finance the ⑦_____ (construct) of the Sydney Opera House, and conducted a competition for its design. Utzon devoted a few years to ⑧_____ (rework) the design and it was 1961 before he had solved the problem of ⑨_____ to build the distinguishing feature—the sails of the roof.
The venture experienced cost blowouts. In 1966, the situation reached a crisis point and Utzon resigned from the project. The building was finally completed by others in 1973. The Sydney Opera House was opened by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ on 20th October, 1973.
The Sydney Opera House, ⑩_____ (locate) on Bennelong Point, reaches out into the harbour. The skyline of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the blue water of the harbour and the Sydney Opera House, viewed from a ferry or from the air, is dramatic and unforgettable.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （满分15分）
假设你是李华,在美国纽约学习一个月了,但还是无法适应那里的生活,请你给你的美国朋友 David 写一封电子邮件,请他给你一些建议。要点如下:
1.饮食不习惯;
2.语言交流有障碍;
3.社交遇到问题。
注意:1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 （满分25分）
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。
Whenever I travel and get on the plane, I usually carry two bags. A big handbag or a tote, and a small shoulder bag. The small shoulder bag is where I put the important stuff, like my passport, so I could take it with me wherever I go. I had a 7-hour layover in Stockholm for my flight to Barcelona. It was enough time to visit the old city and come back to the airport. I was on my way to purchase a train ticket when I realized my shoulder bag was missing...I have never been so scared in my life. I felt stuck. Without a passport, I couldn't go back home to the US and I couldn't move forward to my final destination in Spain either.
The only thing I could think of was to go back to the arrival gate. I went back to the sitting area and looked around, but it was nowhere to be found. I saw the lady who sat beside me on the plane and asked her if she had seen it and unfortunately, she said no. There was a deli(熟食店) stand right next to the safety fence in the waiting area, so I asked the deli clerk if he had seen anything and to my surprise, he said yes! He said he had given it to an airport employee though. I explained to the first airport employee that I saw what happened, and she immediately called someone for me, as she was already aware of the situation.
After a short session of waiting, I saw two men in uniform walking towards me and one of them holding my bag. He asked me a couple of questions just to make sure I was the right person and after I answered correctly, he handed it back to me...I was so grateful! I could not stop thanking him. I realized the reason why I lost it was that the strap broke off and it fell on the floor. I went back to the food clerk to thank him too and to ask how he found it.
Paragraph 1:
The food clerk looked at me and told me about that. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
After I opened the bag, I saw everything still in the bag, including the $500 in cash. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
答案以及解析
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节
A
答案：1-3.CAD
解析：1.细节理解题。本题题干意为:位于Dalemain Mansion&Historic Gardens的House在七月的星期天的什么时间开放 根据第一个小标题Dalemain Mansion&Historic Gardens下的House:11.15—16.00(15.00 in Oct)可知C项正确。
2.细节理解题。本题题干意为:游客在Abbot Hall Art Gallery&Museum能做什么 根据第二个小标题Abbot Hall Art Gallery&Museum下的第二句(令人印象深刻的永久性作品集包括Turners和Romney……)知A项(欣赏Romney的作品)正确。B:有一些互动的乐趣;C:参加一个著名的节日;D:学习一个家族的历史。
3.细节理解题。本题题干意为:如果游客想要去探索Wordsworth的生活,他们应该去哪里 根据第四个小标题Dove Cottage&The Wordsworth Museum下的第一句话(找到William Wordsworth的灵感之家)及Town:Grasmere可知D项正确。
B
答案：1-4.DACB
解析：1.考查细节理解。由第二段最后一句 "The four characters most people saved in the experiment are a baby, a little girl, a little boy and a pregnant woman" 可知答案。
2.考查细节理解。由第三段的内容尤其是 "Quandaries (两难境地) like this will one day be faced by autonomous vehicles that will be programmed with rules that place value on human life" 可知选A。
3.考查细节理解。由第四段中的 "The French however resist the trend as they think the lives of women have far more weight than those of men" 可知,在法国,人们更重视女性的生命。
4.考查细节理解。由文章倒数第二段可知,B项正确,故选B。根据文章最后一段内容可知,D项错误。
C
答案：1-4.BBAD
解析：1.考查词义猜测。根据第二段的最后两句可知,用机器交流仅仅是个时间问题,一些父母十分相信这种技术即将来临,以至于他们不知道自己的孩子是否还需要学习第二语言,故选B。
2.考查细节理解。根据第四段内容可知,翻译不仅仅是翻译单词、句子和段落,确切地说,它是有关意思的转换,为了推断一个具体短语的意思,人类不得不同时理解很多信息,故可知,单词真正的意思是会随着语境的变化而变化的。所以选B。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"If people from different cultures can offend each other without realizing it, how can we expect a machine to do better"可以推测出,准确的翻译对于人来说很难。故选A。
4.考查主旨大意。根据文章内容,尤其是文章开头"Wouldn't it be wonderful to travel to a foreign country without having to worry about the headache of communicating in a different language"可知,本文主要讨论了语言障碍会不会变小的问题。故选D。
D
答案：1-4 ABCA
解析：1.细节理解题。从文章第一段中的The residents are so active outdoors...U.S.A.可知答案。
2.细节理解题。从文章第二段第一句可知，圣迭戈的许多居民原先都是游客，他们被这儿的美景和文化吸引，因此定居下来。
3.细节理解题。从文章第三段中的and there is a petting zoo for children可知，圣迭戈动物园中有为儿童设立的爱畜动物园。
4.推理判断题。文章最后一段说明，学生们在圣迭戈可以一边接触来自世界各地的人，一边获得商业经验，还提到了学生们既能在教室中学习英语，也能在观光时学习英语。所以，圣迭戈对学生们来说是一个可以获得实践经验的好地方。故选A。
第二节
答案：EGDBA
解析：①上文说人们会出现有压力的身体症状,下文又介绍几种减压方法,因此此处需要一个承上启下的过渡句,故E项(看看你今天能做的小改变)符合语境。空后的 they 对应选项中的 small changes。
②根据本空前的"The most proper number of chews per bite is unclear"可知,目前还不清楚每咬一口(食物)最正确的咀嚼次数,此处承接上文,讲的还是关于咀嚼次数的内容,并与上文形成转折关系,故G项符合语境。
③根据本空后的"but drinking less coffee can help you feel more energetic in the long term"可知,长期来看,少喝点咖啡有助于你感到更有活力,根据连词 but可知前后两句在语义上存在转折关系,故D项(减少你对它的依赖听起来可怕)符合语境。D项中的it指代 coffee。
④冒号后的内容具体描述了如何进行呼吸练习,故B项(试着做个练习来实现这一点)符合语境。
⑤根据本段第一句可知,花点时间记下一天中进展顺利的三件事或者只是让你心存感激的事项,故A项(把今天进展顺利的事情写下来)符合语境。
第二部分 语言知识运用
第一节
答案：1-5.BDACA; 6-10.CDBCB; 11-15.BADBD
解析：1.根据前文中的 "suddenly I saw this man running towards me" 可知,William Green 看到一个人突然向他跑过来,再结合后文那个人抢走了他的自行车可推测出,这里是指窃贼将 William Green 推开。故选B。
2.根据后文中的 "The burglar tried to cycle away" 可知,窃贼抢走的是自行车。故选D。
3.根据后文中的 "as he knew he would be no match in a fight for the man" 可知,William Green 知道自己不是窃贼的对手,所以推测出此处指他没有反抗。故选A。resist “抵抗”; refuse “拒绝”;withdraw “撤退”;obey “服从,遵守”。
4.根据后文中的 flat(没气的)可知,此处是指自行车的轮胎没气,所以骑起来比较困难。故选C。
5.根据前文中的 "so it was difficult to ride" 可知,自行车骑起来比较困难,所以窃贼从车上跌下来至少三次。故选A。
6.由后文警察到来之后,他们要求 Green 先生描述一下窃贼的样子可知,窃贼已经逃跑了。故选C。
7.参见上题解析。
8.一个警察说:“Green先生一开始画,我立刻就知道窃贼是谁了。”因为前文中 Green 先生提出画窃贼的画像,所以这里是指警察知道 Green 先生画的窃贼是谁。故选B。
9.根据前文中的 "suddenly I saw this man running towards me" 可知,窃贼跑向 Green 先生并将他推开,说明 Green 先生近距离地看到了窃贼的样子。故选C。
10.警察拿着窃贼的画像在街区搜寻(searched),结果在半个小时内就找到了他。故选B。
11.这个漫画是酷似窃贼本人的画像。故选B。 likeness 意为“画像”。
12.丢失的自行车后来在附近的一条路上被找到。missing 意为“丢失的”。故选A。
13.警察们认为这是他们第一次根据一幅漫画素描抓住了嫌疑人。上文中的 "The cartoon was a perfect 11 of the robber" 是提示。
14.一个高级警官说以前有受害者在犯罪现场用手机拍照。这里是将用手机拍照和 Green 先生画窃贼的画像两种方式进行对比,故选B。
15.此处表示受害者在犯罪现场用手机拍照的做法没有画漫画那样有效。根据语境可知,D项正确。
第二节
答案： considered; images; as; including; which; Australian; construction; reworking; how; located
解析：①过去分词短语作后置定语，表明句子的主语the Sydney Opera House是该动作的承受者。
②由于前面用了one of…，故该名词应该用复数形式。
③本句考查as…as用法。
④本空用介词including“包括”。
⑤关系代词引导非限制性定语从句， which指代先行词roof。
⑥本空应该用形容词修饰后面的名词government。
⑦定冠词和介词of之间应该用名词。
⑤动词短语devote time to doing“花时间做……”。
⑨理解句意可知,一直到1961年，他才提出如何建设出别具一格的特色来。
⑩过去分词短语作后置定语。
第三部分 写作
第一节
答案：Dear David,
I have been in New York for a month, but I still find it hard to adapt myself to everything around me. ①I hope that you would give me some suggestions on the following problems.
To begin with, I am not accustomed to the food that tastes very different from Chinese food. Besides, I find I can't communicate with others here because it is difficult for me to catch up with what the locals say. Finally, I have no friends here, so I feel lonely.
②I will be grateful if you can spare some time to do me a favor.
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节
答案：
Paragraph 1:
The food clerk looked at me and told me about that. He said someone picked a bag up on the floor right in front of the stand, waiting for the owner for a long time. However, no one came to get it. So she had to hand it to him. When he saw the employee coming near, he gave it to her. I could not believe the honesty I just witnessed. Fortunately, I met it in my life. How happy I felt at that time.
Paragraph 2:
After I opened the bag, I saw everything still in the bag, including the $ 500 in cash. I understood them returning my passport out of pity, but they did not have to return the cash. The three different people had a chance to take it, the person who found it on the floor, the food clerk, and the airport employee. However, none of them did so. I was very fortunate that there were so many kind people. Therefore, let's be kind, and the world will be more wonderful.