中考专项训练---定语从句

课件43张PPT。初中定语从句讲解Match the two sentences
1.I’m reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates.
_______________________________________
2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese.
_______________________________________
3.I don’t like the man. He is smoking.
____________________________________
4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week.
_______________________________________ I’m reading a book that/which is about Bill Gates.He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.I don’t like the man who is smoking.Where is the picture that you bought last week?什么是定语从句呢？Mary is a beautiful girl.
（形容词作定语)
Mary is a girl who has long hair.
(句子作定语，修饰girl,叫做定语从句)
The man who lives next to us is a

policeman.
先行词______________________ 关系词___ 定语从句结构： 先行词 + 关系词 + 句子定语从句的位置：通常在先行词（在主句中）后。定语从句的构成The old lady who lives next to us sells books.
You should do all that I said.
I have found the teacher whom I am looking for .
I visited the factory where my father works.关系代词
关系副词先行词 之后,用陈述式语序“….的”关系词1.从句位置及语序:2.翻译方法:3.构成Attributive clause:定
语
从
句
的
引
导
词关系
代词关系
副词
指人指物who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)that(主语、宾语),which(主语、宾语)
whose(定语)where (地点状语)when (时间状语)why (原因状语) 在句子中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。
如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which. (作主语或宾语)
These are trees which were planted last year.
如果先行词是人时，用who/ whom/ whose/ that 来引导。
关 系 代 词Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质a machinethat /which关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:
The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.
herThe lady we saw yesterday is Green
Who/that关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.
2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.
3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm.

4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.

5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.
The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh. The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry. He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.Exercise 1 :用关系代词填空The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.
I hate people ______________ talk much but do little.
The car _____________ my father bought last month is very beautiful.who / thatwhich/ thatwho / thatwhich / that关系代词who, that, whom, whose引导的定语从句:
如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用
who, that (作主语或宾语)
whom (作宾语)
whose(表所有格)难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is
the best in our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose =the student’s关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格难用的 whoseThe house is mine. The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine. whose=the house’s windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is brokenA child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan( 孤儿).
A. who B. whose C. who’s D. which
介词+关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city which she lives is far away.toin介词+关系代词的情况 2The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.toinAre these two sentences right?介词+关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.
The city that/which she lives is far away.toin× × Are these two sentences right?可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后 介词+关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better . 在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?1.? Do you like the book she spent $10?
2.? Do you like the book she paid $10?
3.? Do you like the book she learned a lot?
4.? Do you like the book she often talks?
5.? He built a telescope he could study the skies.介词+关系代词的情况 练习on whichfor whichfrom whichabout whichthrough which1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:
All ,few, little, much, every, something,
anything, everything, 等只能用that 做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被the only, the very, the same,
little, few, no, any等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中在非限制性定语从句中只能用which 做关系代词的情况在介词后面1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me.
2.This is the very thing _______ I am after.
3.We talked about the men and the things _______
we remembered at school.
4.He is the only man _______ can do the work.
5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked
with.
7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.
8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.
Exercise
that , which or who?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat , which ,whose, whom or who?9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say?
10.Any person _______ has the money can join
the group.
11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,
_______ made others upset.
12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.
13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.
14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up
by his father.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhose5. The man ______ hair is white is his grandfather.
6. Is there a student _________ father is a business man?
7. This is the house in ________ we have lived for 10 years.
8.I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now.whosewhosewhich that当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that.Exercise 2. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things ______ they couldn’t remember.
Say all ________ you know.
Is there anything ______ I can do for you?thatthatthat当先行词是something, anything, nothing, all 等词时，关系代词只能用that.4.This is the first play ________ I have seen since I came here.
5. This is the best novel _______ I have read.thatthat当先行词被序数词，最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that.6.Who is the girl _______is standing under the tree?
7. Which is the machine ____ we used last Sunday.当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that.thatthat关系副词：
When 时间状语
Where 地点状语
Why 原因状语关系副词和先行词的关系I still remember the day when I came here.

This is the house where I lived last year.

There are many reasons why people like traveling.

I don’t like the way that you speak.
on the day =whenin the house= wherefor the reasons =whyin the way =that关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词 when 作时间状语:
She will never forget the day.
She was married on that day.She will never forget the day when (=on which)
she was married.It was the year.
The World War I broke out in the year.It was the year when (= in which) the World War I broke out.When = 介词 + which where 作地点状语I want to know the place.
I was born there.I want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.The table where (= at which ) she is sitting is a new one.where = 介词 + whichwhy 作原因状语, 其先行词常常是the reason.That is the reason why(= for which) I’m late.I know the reason why he said it.why = for whichExercise1.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded.
which B. when C. that D. on that
2.Is that the reason _____ you are for the plan.
which B. what C. why D. for that
3.October 1,1949 is the day _____ the PRC was founded.
A. which B. when C. that D. on that
4. Is this the place ______ you were born?
A. which B.where C.what D.that
挑战高难度！！！1. Is this the place ______ you were born?
A. which B. where C. what D. that
2. Is this the place ______ some German friends visited last year?
A. which B. where C. what D. why
3.The house _______ the famous writer wrote his works is a museum now.
A. which B. where C. what D. that
4.The house _______ the famous writer bought many years ago is a museum now.
A. that B.where C.what D. why5.He told her the reason____ he is unhappy, but she doesn’t believe the reason ______ he gives her.
A. why; why
B. why; which
C. that; why
D. which; why考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。
用什么关系副词看先行词。I will never forget the days (______ I stayed with you).when____Jurassic Park is about a park ______ (a very rich man keeps different
Kinds of dinosaurs).___________where1958 was the year ______ (Spielberg made his first real film).__________Please give me the reason _____ (you made such a great success).________whenwhyMorning is the best time ______ (you practise reading aloud)._________whenDo you remember the lake _____ (you first met your girlfriend.）___________where2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物
动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词 Yesterday we went to visit the house ______ (the great writer used
to live)._______wherein whichThe house ______ (they built in 1987) stayed up in the earthquake.which
that
/______Luckily none of the people _____ ( I know) were killed in the
earthquake. who
whom
that
/_____My father was born in the year ______(the Second World War
broke out)._________________________in whichwhen3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place ______ ( flowers are seen all the
year round).whereOctober 1st is the day ________ ( new China was founded).whenThe window ( ______ was opened this morning) has been broken.Which
thatThe meeting ( ______ will be held next week) is very important.Which
that考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词