2022届高考英语二轮复习：高中英语定语从句讲解课件（33张）

(共33张PPT)
定语从句
关系代词
1.who指人，做主语,不可省略。
The man _____________ is sleeping is his father .
2.whom指人，做宾语，可省略
The man _________ you are looking for is his father
who
whom
3.which指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
This is the watch ____________ I am looking for.
which
4.that指人指物，做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
I like music__________I can dance to
(that)
5.whose指人指物，做定语 。
The classroom _________ door is broken will soon be repaired.
whose
1. 关于 whose
whose 在从句中作定语，意为“...的 ”
在whose 后面，一定要有名词，因为它起到定语的作用，用来修饰名词。
I know a boy _____________mother is a teacher in our school.
whose
My friend got a new room _________ windows face the south.
whose
注意：whose常用以下结构来代替：whose sth = the sth of which （指物）
= and one's sth (指人或指物)
The classroom ______________ door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of ______ is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom will soon be repaired and _______ door is broken.
whose
which
its
Do you like the book _________color is pink
=Do you like the book the color of ____________ is pink
=Do you know the book , and ______ colour is pink
whose
which
its
2. 关于 that
万能，指人指物，做主语做宾语，做宾语可省略
The house _____was built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
that
The teacher _________I met yesterday is a teacher of English
(that )
只能用that 的几种情况
1.当先行词被 some-，any-，every-，no-，all，much，little，none，few 等修饰时，关系词只能用that
All the people _________ come from the country work much harder
that
2.当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时，关系词只能用that
The first place ______they visited in London was the Big Ben
that
This is the best film _______ I have seen.
that
3.当先行词被the very, the only修饰时，关系词只能用that
This is the very dictionary_________ I want to buy
that
After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing _________ he owned.
that
Which is the t-shirt __________ fits me most
that
Who is the man ________is standing there
5.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系词只能用that
that
Can you remember the scientist and his theory ________ we have learned
that
4.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时，关系词只能用that
6.在there be 句型中，只用that
There is a bus _________ can take you home
that
3. 关于which
指物，做主语宾语，做宾语可省略。一般可与that互换
The fish_____________________we bought were not fresh
(which /that)
指物，做主语宾语，做宾语可省略。一般可与that互换
定语从句只能用which的情况
1.先行词为that，those时，关系词只能用which
What's that ________ is under the desk
which
2.关系代词前有介词时，只能用which。(将在后面详细讲解)
3.引导非限定性定语从句，只能用which(将在后面详细讲解)
4.先行词为the way时由in which或that引导，且可省略
The way _________________he answered the question was surprising
(in which/ that)
5.当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
Tom was always late for school, _______made his teacher angry.
which
4.关于 who , whom
先行词如果指人，关系代词可用上述的 that，也可用who, whom.
Who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语。在口语和非正式文体中whom可省略
The boy ______________ broke the window is Tom.
who/that
The girl you are looking for is a student. (who,whom)
whom
I don't like people talk much but do little .
A.whom B.that C.which D.whose
B
1.as代替前面的句子或词，引导的定语从句可以前置，而which不行
as引导的定语从句
As was natural, he married the girl.
As we know, the earth is round.
2.用在the same…as, such…as,结构中
We are facing the same problems as we did years ago
We hope to get such a tool as he is using
as引导定语从句主要用于非限制性定语从句和the same…as，such…as的结构中。
the same…as与the same…that引导的定语从句在意义上的区别
前者修饰的是同类不同物；而后者修饰的同样的东西。
This is the same watch as I lost.
This is the same watch that I lost.
这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）
这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）
D
C
B
B
警惕句子中的介词 -- 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
1.如果定语从句中有介词，并且关系词能与介词连用构成词组，则用which whom that 引导（此时that仅指物不指人,介词与that不能紧挨着）.
例：选择适当的关系代词填空 who whom which that whose
例1.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine __________ you asked for.
that/which
例2.The man ________ you talked with is my friend.
whom
例3.Is this the man from _________ you borrowed the novel
whom
例4.He liked the film in his favourite actor , Will Smith , played
A.what B.where C.which D.who
C
警惕句子中的介词 -- 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
2.如果定语从句中无介词，但分析后缺少介词短语，
则用“介词+which”或“介词+whom”引导.
例1.The plane we flew to canada is very comfortable.
A.that B.in which C.with whom
B
例2.In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ________ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
D
例3.Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine you asked.
A. that B. who C. for which D. to whom
C
判断正误：
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.
(2) The man that you talked with is my friend.
(3) The plane in which we flew to canada is very comfortable.
(4) The plane in that we flew to canada is very comfortable.
答案:1(t)
2. (f) 应改为 whom
3.(t)
4.(f) 应改为 in which
3. 含有介词的动词词组一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after,
take care of等,否则拆开后意思就变了。
判断正误
(1) this is the watch which I am looking for.
(2) this is the watch for which I am looking.
答案: 1.(t)（look for 寻找）
2.(f)（look看）
关系副词 where when why
对划线部分提问
1.Fanghua lives in Panjin .
2.Fanghua lives in Panjin.
Where does Fanghua live
What/Which city does Fanghua live in
where = 介词+地点名词
when = 介词+时间名词
Why = 介词+原因名词
易错题:
1.关系词指地点时用that还是where
The picture reminded me of the town ________ I grew up.
where
Beijing is the place ________ I was born in
that
The picture reminded me of the town ________ I used to live in
that
Beijing is the place _______ I was born
where
易错题:
2.关系词指时间时用that还是when
The time we arrived at was not late
that
The time we arrived was not late
when
3.关系词指原因时用that还是why
Is this the reason he refused our offer
why
Is this the reason he refused our offer for
that
和限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 China is a country which has a long history.
China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming powerful.
非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句___逗号，从句去掉后对原句意思____影响；
限制性定语从句_____逗号，从句去掉后对原句意思____影响
无
有
有
无
观察引导词：
非限制性定语从句中，关系词指物时只能用which/whose，不能用that；
指人时用who/whom
Yesterday I met Li Ping, ________ seemed to be very busy.
who
The dam, _________is the biggest in the world, is 3800 metres long.
which
The workers, some of ____________ stayed for four years, came from different countries.
whom
This is the best novel ________ I have read.
that
This is a good novel, ______ is famous and popular.
which
非限制性定语从句里没有that和why，why可以用for which代替。
I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting．
我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没去开会。
None of us accepted the reason he explained , for which he was absent.
我们没有一个人接受他所解释的理由
非限制性定语从句从 不能出现 that 和why,但是你会见到以下句子：
Meeting my uncle on the street after many years was an unforgettable experience , one (that) I will always treasure.
或者就是下面那句
My success in business , the reason why he dislikes me , has been due to hard work.
这两句中的定语从句都不是非限制性定语从句,而是限制性定语从句.
因为 why 和 that 都没有直接出现在逗号后面,
关系词直接出现在逗号后面才叫做非限制性定语从句.
用which/as代替整个句子
非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句。用which或as来引导
She accepted his proposal(求婚), ____________was natural.
as(which)
as可以放在主句之前，之后，句中，位置很灵活。但是which只在主句之后
________ he pointed out, your words were wrong.
As
The boy is pretty handsome, ____________we can see in our classroom
as/which
高考命题规则
1.关于whose
空格后有名词，从句可转换成“and one's”或“the sth of which”
c
B
D
2.关于which
主要考which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代逗号前的名词/代词/短语/句子
注意that和why不引导非限制性定语从句。另外注意what和it是干扰项，这俩词不引导定语从句。
B
D
3.关于where
注意where=介词+地点名词，注意分析从句缺“地点名词”还是“介词+地点名词”
注意where的先行词有时也可能是activity , case , point , race , job , situation等抽象名词，此时where相当于in which
注意干扰项：there , here , what 不引导定语从句
例：Creating an atmosphere ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge . (浙江)
A.As B.whose C.in which D.at which
答案:C 选项中无where, 则用介词+which
C
C
B
4.介词+关系词
A.介词+关系代词 主要考察介词的正确选择
当从句由“介词+which”引导时，介词的确定方法是找到与之构成搭配的动词、名词、形容词等
C
C
B.代词+介词+关系代词
此题答案为D，但很容易误选A。如果把逗号改为and或but，选A就没问题。
答案：B.
两个句子间无并列连词，故不能选A,D. What不引导定语从句，C错
名词+介词+关系代词 注意语序不要错
答案：A. 注意语序不要错：名词+介词+关系代词
A
C
C
5.分离型定语从句 从句与先行词之间被其他词隔开
A.被状语隔开
B.将定语从句置于句末
A
A
A