人教版（新课程标准）选修七Unit4 Sharing-Grammar课件（52张PPT）

(共52张PPT)
高二选修7
Unit 4 Sharing
Grammar
定语从句常考点
1定语从句的结构及概念
2引导词：关系代词和关系副词
3.关系代词的用法比较that与which that与who
4.whose的用法
5.as的用法
6.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；
7.定语从句中关系代词的省略及谓语动词形式
8.定语从句与并列句的区别。
定语从句复习
定语从句
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句
The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause
非限制性定语从句
准确找出先行词、关系词、定语从句
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
先行词
定语从句所修饰的
名词或代词
关系词
引导定语从句
代替先行词
在定语从句中担当一个成分
定语从句的构成
定语从句
修饰名词或代词
紧跟在先行词后
(
)
Have a try
1. The man who came to our school is Mr. Wang.
2. I like the book which you bought yesterday.
3. The house where he lives needs repairing.
4. I still remember the day which we spent together.
先
关
(
)
先
先
先
关
关
关
(
)
(
)
(
)
结构：先行词＋关系词＋从句
The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.
You must do everything that I do.
I have found the book which I lost.
I visited the school where I studied.
关系代词
关系副词
注意事项:
1.从句的位置:
2.翻译方法:
3.构成：
先行词 之后
“….的”
关系词
先行词和关系词的关系
A plane is a machine that can fly.
The boy who broke the window is called Tom.
The boy whose parents are dead was brought up
by his grandfather.
The school where I study is far from my home.
the machine = that
the boy =who
the boy’s =whose
in the school = where
关系代词实际上是先行词的复指
关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格
关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词
关系副词和先行词的关系
I still remember the day when I came here.
This is the house where I lived last year.
There are many reasons why people like traveling.
I don’t like the way that you speak.
on the day =when
in the house= where
for the reasons =why
in the way =that
关系副词实际上是“介词＋先行词”
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
先行词和关系词的关系
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
the machine
a machine
Join the following sentences:
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.
A plane is can fly.
关系代词的实质
a machine
that /which
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
we saw yesterday is Mary.
her
The girl
关系代词的实质
Join the following sentences:
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
The girl that / who we saw yesterday is Mary.
关系代词的用法练习
1.The eggs were not fresh. I bought them yesterday.
2.The friend was not hungry. He came to supper last night.
3.He prefers the cheese. It comes from his parent’s farm.
4.The noodles were delicious. You cooked them.
5.I don’t like the people. They smoke a lot.
The eggs (that/which) I bought them were not fresh.
The friend who/ that he came to supper last night was not hungry.
.He prefers the cheese that / which it comes from his parent’s farm.
The noodles( which/ that )you cooked them were delicious.
I don’t like the people that / who they smoke a lot.
二、关系词的选择
关系代词
which，that , who ,whom, whose, as
关系副词
when, where, why
步骤：1. 找出先行词
2. 划出定语从句
看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因
看定语从句中缺什么成分
在从句中作主、宾、定
在从句中作状语
We heard the news____ pleased everybody.
which B. where C. whom D. who
步骤：1. 找出先行词
2. 划出定语从句
(
)
看先行词指人、物、时间、地点、原因
看定语从句中缺什么成分
先行词
从句缺主语
从句缺宾语
从句缺定语
指人
指物
who/that
whom/
that/who
whose
that / which
that /which
whose
（1）先行词指人、物
* which可以指代前面一句话的内容
* 关系代词作宾语可以省略
1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he
2. The building ___ stands near the river is our school.
which B. that C. who D.whose
3. The doctor ___ you are looking for is in the room.
A. whom B. that C.which D. whose

分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which \that
缺状语 用 when=介词+which
I still remember the days ____ we spent together.
when B. what C. that D. in which
I still remember the days _____ we worked together.
A. when B. what C. that D. for which
先行词指时间
(
)
(
)
I will never forget the three years ________ we both spent in the little village.
A. when B. during which
C. which D. in which
(
)
分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which \that
缺状语 用 where=介词+which
This is the museum ___ I visited a few days ago.　
where　 B. that　 C. on which　 D. the one
This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
where B. that　 C. on which　　D. the one
Is the exhibition ______ the foreign friends visited yesterday
A. that B. the one C. which D. where
先行词指地点
(
)
(
)
缺先行词
分析定语从句成分
缺主语、宾语 用which \that
缺状语 用 why= for which
Is this the reason _______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
　A. that B. what C. how D. why
Is this the reason ____ he was late for school？
　A. that B. which C. how D. why
先行词指原因
(
)
(
)
He was late for school
for the reason
三. that \ which
指物时，关系代词that 和 which 一般可以互换，但应注意以下情况：
在下列情况下一般用that:
1.I’ve read all the books ___ you lent me.
2.This is the first thing _______ I want to say.
3.He keeps a record of everything ____ he had seen there.
4.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _____ I have watched this year.
5.Tell us about the people and the places ____ are different from ours.
6. This is the very thing _______ I am after.
1.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者被序数词、形容词最高级修饰
2.先行词是不定代词时,如:all ,few, little, much, something, anything, everything, nothing 等
3.先行词既有人又有物时
4.先行词被the only, the very, the right 等修饰时
5.先行词被 little, few, no, any, much, all, every等修饰时
6.当关系代词在定语从句中作表语，常用that。
He is not the man that he was.
7.在There be 句型中
There is still a seat in the corner that is still free.
在下列情况下一般用that:
在下列情况下要用which
1.当关系代词的前面有介词时.
2.在非限制性定语从句中.
3.先行词本身是that
eg. The clock is that which tells the time.
What is that which the dog is running after？
四. whose的用法
The teacher praised the student. His English is the best in our class.
The teacher praised the student whose English is
the best in our class.
Join the following pair of sentences.
whose =the student’s
关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格
难用的 whose
The house is mine. The window of the house is
broken.
Join the following pair of sentences.
The house whose window is broken is mine.
whose=the house’s window
The house is mine.
the window of which is broken
of which the window is broken
Whose 的使用
whose+名词 =
the+名词+ of which/whom
of which/whom+the+名词
1.所属关系
2.指人或物
3.作定语
This is the book _____________ is broken
______________ is broken
_______________ is broken.
whose cover
the cover of which
of which the cover
as 引导的非限制性定语从句
The earth is round. ____ is known to all.
The earth is round, _________ is known to all.
____ is known to all, the earth is round
____ is known to all that the earth is round.
It
which / as
As
It
as 具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：
as you know/ as you see/as we planned/
as we expected
定语从句在句首时只能用 as
五、as 的用法
as 引导的限制性定语从句 (1)
This is the same pen as I lost.
This is the same pen that I lost.
Please compare:
这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
这本书就是我丢的那本。
六、介词+关系代词
1.定语从句中，在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom，指谁的用whose, 不可省略。
2.定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用
the+名词
the+形容词比较级
（最高级）
数词
代词(most,some
few,both…)
+ of + which\whom
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,the price of which was very reasonable.
There are two buildings, the larger of which is about 100 meters.
He has three sons, two of whom are teachers.
I have many friends, some of whom are teachers.
也可说of whom two
也可说of whom some
3.介词如何选择？
方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.
填入适当的介词
1.He is the man ____ whom I think you can depend.
(
)
on
I think you can depend ( ) the man.
方法：根据从句中的动词与先行词的关系或习惯搭配（把定语从句补充完整）.
2.He referred me to some reference books ____ which I am not very familiar.
(
)
with
I am not very familiar ( ) some reference books.
3.He made a hole in the wall, ________ which he could see what was going on outside the house.
先行词是：
a hole
(
)
through
he could see what was going on outside the house ( ) a hole.
七、定语从句的单复数问题
关系代词做从句主语时
1.从句的谓语动词单复数取决于先行词
2.先行词是句子时，从句谓语动词用单三
I, who ____ (be) your classmates, will share the work with you.
The exams were put off, which _____(be)exactly what we wanted.
am
was
注意：
He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
He is the only one in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise
has
have
one of + 复数名词 作先行词，从句动词用复数
其前有the only, the very修饰， 从句动词用单数
固定句式
①It is the first time that she has been to Shanghai
It was the time when Chinese people had a hard life.
There was a time when…
Way/situation等后的定语从句
改错
1.My school is organizing a basketball team and there's just a chance which I can join it.
2.I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
3. I can't understand all what he said.
4. Which is known to all, my school is a good one.
改错
5. I'll never forget the day when I spent in that village.
6. This is the factory in that I once worked.
7. I don't like anything which he gave me.
8. I still remember the places and the people whom I saw there.
9. She prefers such books like that one.
改错
5. I'll never forget the day when I spent in that village.
6. This is the factory in that I once worked.
7. I don't like anything which he gave me.
8. I still remember the places and the people whom I saw there.
9. She prefers such books like that one.
改错
10. The fact which he was ill made us worried.
11. The reason why he was late was because he was ill.
12. That he did is not right.
Exercises
Homework
Summarize the rules of attributive clause.
See you!