2022届高考英语语法针对型训练（二）冠词 （有答案）

2022年高考英语语法针对型训练（二）：高频语法+冠词
1. Tanzanian writer Abdulrazak Gurnah was awarded the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature and his experience of crossing continents and cultures ①_________(feed) his novels with the effect of migration on individuals and societies over the past years. The Swedish Academy said his novels make people notice a ②_________ (cultural) diversified East Africa that is not so well-known.
Born in 1948 on the island of Zanzibar, now part of Tanzania, Gurnah fled ③_________ Britain as a teenage refugee (难民)in the late 1960s. He began writing after arriving in England as a way of exploring both the ④_________ (lose) and liberation of the migration experience. Gurnah used English as a tool as he began writing, ⑤_________ native language is Swahili.
Gurnah is famous for both his novels and a number of short stories ⑥_________ (focus) on the refugees' disruption(混乱). His work gives people a vivid picture of another Africa ⑦_________ (familiar) to many in other parts of the world.
News of the award ⑧_________ (greet) with excitement in Zanzibar, where those knowing Gurnah described him as soft-spoken and modest. Gurnah didn't often visit Zanzibar, but he has suddenly become ⑨_________ talk of the island region. It's amazing ⑩_________ (see) this since this is a new step to make people read books again in a world where the Internet has taken over.
2.Tree-climbing class takes root in Hubei
Recently, a tree-climbing class is growing popular among students at the Sport Institute of Hubei University, with more and more people ①_____(show) interest in learning the tricks of the trade for scaling timber.
At a class on Monday, Lu Junpei, a PE teacher, showed 16 students some of ②_____ most important techniques. He put on a helmet, fastened straps and tied rope knots. ③_____(eye) by all his students, Lu spent less than eight minutes reaching the top of a 25-meter tree. "Because many students are showing interest, the school plans to add more seats ④_____ the class to allow more students ⑤_____(learn) and practice." said Lu, ⑥_____ is also a member of the Enshi Blue Sky Rescue Team.
Hubei University is one of the first ⑦_____(university) in China to include courses on tree climbing. Teachers and students at the university ⑧_____(win) two golds and two silvers at the Hong Kong Tree Climbing Championship in 2017. Tree-climbing is a slow activity. It’s not something you do quickly and then you’re on to the next thing or event. Now, people begin to miss the old days, so tree-climbing ⑨_____(bring) into many other educational programs. It will be ⑩_____(definite) helpful to make students away from online games and improve their health.
3. The ①__________(popular) of Chinese-owned video sharing service TikTok continues to grow among young people in the United States. In 2019, experts say the service doubled ②__________ (it) American user base to 37 million. TikTok is ③__________ (particular) popular among teens and young adults.
The service lets users create and share short videos, many of ④__________ are under 15 seconds. The TikTok app offers a ⑤__________ (wide) choice of sounds, brief parts of songs and special effects tools than traditional video-sharing apps ⑥__________ (help) create better videos. Videos often include popular songs from well-known artists and TikTok has even helped launch the careers of new music stars.
Successful video-sharing apps Snapchat and Instagram also mainly interest young users with a wide mix of photos and videos ⑦__________ (center) largely on fashion, pop culture and humor. But TikTok is taking up a remarkable market share now. ⑧__________, it is considered a strong competitor to both of them.
Last year, TikTok was ⑨__________ second-most downloaded app from Apple and Google stores, only less than WhatsApp. Research company Sensor Tower estimates that people ⑩__________ (download) the TikTok app 1.65 billion times so far.
4. One of the most unique ①_____(quality) of Erhu is that it only has two strings. But even with only a very ②_____(limit) number of strings, professional Erhu players can convey a lot of emotions with their play. Erhu is an expressive bowed string instrument that can produce animals' sounds and even human voices.
Despite its popularity, there ③_____(be) very few historical records about Erhu. There is a general consensus ④_____ Erhu is actually an ⑤_____(adapt) of Xigin.an instrument that ⑥_____(introduce)into central China during the times of the Tang Dynasty.
Erhu is similar to the violin, but there are many significant differences ⑦_____ them. For instance, Erhu is ⑧_____(normal) played on a musician's lap (or on a table) vertically. It has no fingerboard, and the bow is already fixed between the two strings not a separate part of ⑨_____(instrument).
Erhu is technically a string instrument with middle-high sound range, known for ⑩_____(produce)the tender and somber(忧郁的) music.
5. How do you count 1.3 billion people in the middle of a pandemic China, as the world's most populous country, will launch its seventh ①_____(nation) census(人口普查) on November 1.
According to state-run news agency Xinhua, the huge undertaking will see around 7 million census ②_____(worker) spread out across the country, ③_____(collect) names, ID numbers, gender, marital details, as well as education and professional information.
As well as traditional methods, citizens will also ④_____(recommend) using cell phones and other digital tools ⑤_____(declare) personal and family information.
China conducts its census every 10 years. The last survey ⑥_____(find) the population had increased from 1.29 billion to 1.37 billion. Last year, the country's birthrate hit its ⑦_____(low) level since the founding of the People's Republic ⑧_____ 1949. The statistics also revealed that more than 250 million Chinese were over 60 years old last year, ⑨_____ make up more than 18% of the population. The figure is forecast to rise to a third of the population by 2050—or 480 million people.
This year's census may even show a decrease in ⑩_____ total size of the population for the first time in decades, setting the stage for India to overtake China as the world's most populous country.
6. A king offered a prize to the artist ①________ would paint the most impressive picture of peace. The ②________ (compete) was heated as many artists tried. The king looked at all the pictures, of which only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them. One picture was of a calm lake ③________ (perfect) reflecting towering mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds.
What the king ④________ (see) in the other picture were bare mountains, and above was an angry sky, from which rain fell ⑤________ (constant). Down the side of the mountain tumbled(翻滚) a huge waterfall, which did not look ⑥________ (peace) at all. Looking closely, the king saw behind the waterfall a tiny bush growing in a rock. In the bush ⑦________ bird had built her nest. There, in the middle of the rush of angry water, sat the bird on her nest — in perfect peace.
All who saw this picture thought that the first picture was better, ⑧________ the king preferred the second one. “Because,” explained the king, “peace does not mean a place where there is no noise, trouble, or hard work. Peace means ⑨________ (be) in the middle of all those things and still be calm in your heart. That is the real ⑩________ (significant) of peace.”
7. After releasing a short video on April 27 about planting and cooking peas, Chinese food blogger Li Ziqi became a hit overnight.
"It's really surprising. I didn't expect such a wide response, "Li said in ①________ interview.
Li's videos center on her life with her grandmother in the countryside. In the videos, Li, often dressed in ②________ (tradition) garments, rises at sunrise, rests at sunset, plants seeds and harvests flowers, cooks Chinese ③________(dish) and crafts bamboo furniture. Li's overseas followers have praised her videos for ④(show) the simple and elegant side of China’s country life. ⑤________, back home, there have long been debates on whether her presentation is unrealistically poetic.
In response, Li , who ⑥________(raise) in the countryside, said “⑦________I present is just a lifestyle I’ve followed and appreciated. Nowadays , most people are ⑧_______(extreme) stressed, so I hope they can feel relaxed when they watch my videos. There are so many ideas in my mind of old craftsmanship and food we ⑨(enjoy) for thousands of years. Some are almost forgotten. I hope ⑩________ (preserve) them through my small efforts.”
8.
Essential foods for Chinese New Year’s Eve
The first day of the first lunar month is Spring Festival, the beginning of a new year for China. Spring Festival is China’s ①_______(big) and most important holiday and festival and a day for family reunion. Being around family members at the turn of the year ②_______ (be) a vital ritual (仪式) for the Chinese people.
The Spring Festival celebration is a continuous process, ③_______ (start) from the 23rd or 24th of the 12th lunar month. People often worship the kitchen god, clean their houses, do their shopping and put up Spring Festival couplets (blessing words ④_______ (post) on door frames) until New Year’s Eve on the lunar calendar.
In addition ⑤_______ staying up late on New Year’s Eve, having a delicious dinner is also key to the Spring Festival celebration. The New Year’s Eve dinner has been presented in ⑥_______ (difference) ways around China.
Those in South China must have a dish of fish because “fish” in Chinese sounds similar to the character for “prosperity”, symbolizing ⑦_______ abundant and comfortable life. Those in North China often eat dumplings, ⑧_______ symbolize “reunion” and “fortune”.
Spring Festival is just around the corner. Let's take a look at some essential ⑨_______ (dish) on the New Year’s Eve dinner table! Dumplings, sweet dumplings, fish, Lion-head meatballs, Hot pot, Rice cakes or a dish of tofu, all of ⑩_______ (they) carry a special meaning of blessing and good luck.
答案以及解析
1.答案：has fed; culturally ; to; loss; whose ; focusing ; unfamiliar; was greeted; the; to see
解析：本文是说明文,主题语境是"人与社会"。文章介绍了2021年诺贝尔文学奖得主坦桑尼亚作家阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳的相关情况。
①考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语"over the past years"可知,空处应用现在完成时;主语部分的中心词是experience,谓语要用单数形式,故填has fed。
②考查副词。空处修饰形容词diversified,应用副词,故填culturally。
③考查介词。根据语境可知,古尔纳作为难民逃到了不列颠,故填介词to。
④考查名词。根据空前的"the"和空后的"and liberation"可知,空处应用名词,与liberation保持形式上的一致,故填loss。
⑤考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作定语,故填whose。
⑥考查非谓语动词。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语,focus与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,故应用现在分词。
⑦考查形容词。根据上文的"The Swedish Academy said... not so well-known"可知,此处表示"不熟悉的",故填unfamiliar。
⑧考查时态和语态。根据定语从句所用的一般过去时可知,此处描述过去的情况,应用一般过去时;主语News与greet之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,故填was greeted。注意:greet...with...表示"以某种方式对……作出反应",此处用的是该短语的被动形式。
⑨考查冠词。空后的talk是名词,the talk of sth.表示"(某地人人谈论的)话题",故填the。
⑩考查语动词此处考查"It's + adj.+to do sth."结构,It是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式,故填to see。
2.答案：①showing ②the ③Eyed ④to ⑤to learn ⑥who ⑦universities ⑧won ⑨is brought ⑩definitely
解析：①考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,湖北大学体育学院的一门爬树课在学生中越来越受欢迎,越来越多的人对学习攀爬树木的诀窍表现出了兴趣。此处为"with+宾语+宾补"的复合结构,其中宾语people和宾补show之间为主动关系。应用现在分词的形式。故填showing。
②考查冠词。句意:在周一的一堂课上,体育老师卢俊培向16名学生展示了一些最重要的技巧。根据空后的"most important",可知为最高级,应用定冠词the。故填the。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:在所有学生的注视下,卢用了不到$分钟就爬到了一棵25米高的树顶。设空处在句中作非谓语,和句子的逻辑主语Lu之间为逻辑的被动关系,应用动词的过去分词的形式。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Eyed。
④考查介词。句意:由于很多学生表现出了兴趣,学校计增加班级的座位,让更多的学生学习和练习。add...to...加入到......, 结合句意。故填to。
⑤考查非谓语动词。句意见上题解析。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事。设空处在句中作非谓语。故填to learn。
⑥考查定语从句的引号词。句意:由于很多学生表现出了兴趣,学校计划增加班级的座位,让更多的学生学习和练习。他也是恩施蓝天救援队的一员。设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在句中作指人的主语,先行词为Lu。故填who。
⑦考查名词。句意:湖北大学是中国首批开设爬树课程的大学之一。one of+最高级+名词复数,表示......其中之一。设空处应用复数的形式。故填universities。
⑧考查谓语。句意:该校师生在2017年香港爬树锦标赛中获得两枚金牌和两枚银牌。设空处在句中作谓语,结合时间状语2007,可知句子的时态为一般过去时。故填won。
⑨考查谓语动词。句意:现在,人们开始怀念过去的日子,所以爬树被引入了许多其他的教育项目。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语tree-climbing之间为被动关系,根据时间状语now,可知句子的时态为一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语为tree-climbing,结合主谓一致。故填is brought。
⑩考查副词。句意:这肯定有助于学生远离网络游戏和改善他们的健康。设空处修饰形容词,应用副词的形式。故填definitely。
3.答案：1. popularity 2. its 3. particularly 4. which 5. wider 6. to help 7. centered 8. Therefore/Thus/Hence 9. the 10. have downloaded
解析： ①考查名词的数。句意：中国拥有的视频分享服务TikTok在美国年轻人中的受欢迎程度持续增长。作主语，所以用名词，表示抽象概念，为不可数名词，故填popularity.
②考查形容词性物主代词。句意：专家说，2019年，该服务在美国的用户群翻了一番，达到3700万。放在名词前面，所以用形容词性物主代词，故填its.
③考查副词。句意：TikTok在青少年和年轻人中尤其受欢迎。修饰形容词，所以用副词，故填particularly.
④考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这项服务允许用户创建和分享短视频，其中许多视频时间不到15秒。先行词为物，在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语，故填which.
⑤考查比较级。句意：与传统的视频分享应用程序相比，TikTok应用程序提供了更广泛的声音选择、歌曲的简短部分和特效工具，以帮助创建更好的视频。表示“更广泛的"，所以用比较级，故填wider.
⑥考查不定式。句意：与传统的视频分享应用程序相比，TikTok应用程序提供了更广泛的声音选择、歌曲的简短部分和特效工具，以帮助创建更好的视频。作目的状语，所以用不定式，故填to help.
⑦考查with复合结构。句意：成功的视频分享应用Snapchat和Instagram也主要吸引年轻用户，主要关注时尚、流行文化和幽默的照片和视频.with的宾语和center？之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补，故填centered.
⑧考查副词。句意：但TikTok现在占据了巨大的市场份额，因此被认为是这两个公司的有力竞争对手，表示“因此"，前面为句号，所以用副词，故填Therefore/ Thus/Hence
⑨考查冠词。句意：去年，TikTok是苹果和谷歌商店下载量排名第二的应用程序，序数词前面需要加定冠词，故填the.
⑩考查时态。句意：到目前为止，人们下载TikTok应用程序的次数已达16.5亿次.so far常和现在完成时态连用，故填have downloaded
4.答案：①qualities ②limited ③are ④that ⑤adaptation ⑥was introduced ⑦between ⑧normally ⑨the ⑩producing
解析：①考查名词复数。quality此处意为"特性",为可数名词,又根据空前的修饰词One of the most unique可知,此处用所给名词的复数。
②考查非谓语动词。此处用所给词的过去分词,词性是形容词,词意为“有限的”。
③考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处是一般性陈述,用一般现在时,又因为主语是records,故此处用are。
④考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,该空引导的是一个同位语从句,该从句解释说明consensus的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故此处用连接词that。
⑤考查词形转换。根据空前的冠词an可知,此处用所给动词的名词。
⑥考查动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语during the times of the Tang Dynasty可知,此处用一般过去时,又因为an instrument与动词introduce之间存在动宾关系,故此处用一般过去时的被动语态。
⑦考查介词。此处指“二胡和小提琴之间”,故此处用介词between。
⑧考查词形转换。此处用所给形容词的副词修饰动词played。
⑨考查冠词。此处的instrument特指前文提到的Erhu,故此处用定冠词the。
⑩考查非谓语动词。此处用所给动词的动名词作介词or的宾语。
5.答案：①national ②workers ③collecting ④be recommended ⑤to declare ⑥found ⑦lowest ⑧in ⑨who ⑩the
解析：①考查形容词。句意:作为世界上人口最多的国家,中国将于11月1日开始第七次全国人口普查。作定语修饰名词,所以用形容词,故填national。
②考查复数名词。句意:据新华社报道,这项浩大的工程将使700万人口普查工作人员分布在全国各地,收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节、教育和专业信息。worker为可数名词,前面有大于一的数字,所以用复数名词,故填workers。
③考查现在分词。句意:据新华社报道,这项浩大的工程将使700万人口普查工作人员分布在全国各地,收集姓名、身份证号码、性别、婚姻细节、教育和专业信息。collect和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作后置定语,故填collecting。
④考查语态。句意:除了传统的方式,还将建议公民使用手机和其他数字工具来申报个人和家庭信息。主语为recommend.之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,前面有will,故填be recommended。
⑤考查不定式。句意:除了传统的方式,还将建议公民使用手机和其他数字工具来申报个人和家庭信息。be recommend to do sth.被推荐做某事,故填to declare。
⑥考查时态。句意:上次普查发现人口从12.9亿增加到13.7亿。描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故填found。
⑦考查形容词最高级。句意:去年,中国的出生率达到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平。后面有范围,表示"最低的",所以用形容词最高级作定语,故填lowest。
⑧考查介词。句意:去年,中国的出生率达到了1949年中华人民共和国成立以来的最低水平。表示"在那一年",用介词in,故填in。
⑨考查非限制性定语从句。句意:统计数据还显示,去年中国60岁以上人口超过2.5亿,占总人口的18%以上。先行词为物,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。
⑩考查冠词。句意:今年的人口普查甚至可能显示总人口规模几十年来首次下降,为印度超越中国成为世界上人口最多的国家奠定了基础。后面有of短语限定,所以用定冠词特指,故填the。
6.答案：1. who/that 2. competition3. perfectly4. saw5. constantly6. peaceful7. a8. but 9. being10. significance
解析： ①考查定语从句引导词。这里是一个定语从句,先行词是the artist,且从句缺少主语,故填who/that。
②考查名词。此处表示"由于许多艺术家的努力,竞争变得激烈起来",此处用名词做主语,故填competition。
③考查副词。此处表示"其中一张照片是一个平静的湖,完美地反映了周围高耸的群山“,用副词修饰现在分词reflecting,故填perfectly。
④考查时态。句意:国王在另一幅画里看到的是光秃秃的群山,上面是一片愤怒的天空,雨水不断从天空中落下,根据文章整体内容可知此处叙述的是过去的事情,因此用一般过去时,故填saw。
⑤考查副词。句意:国王在另一幅画里看到的是光秃秃的群山,上面是一片愤怒的天空,雨水不断从天空中落下,用副词修饰动词fell,故填constantly。
⑥考查形容词。此处用形容词作系动词look的表语,故填peaceful。
⑦考查冠词。句意:一只鸟在灌木丛里筑巢,此处表示泛指"一只",因此用不定冠词,且bird的首字母发音是辅音因素,故填a。
⑧考查连词。句意:所有看到这幅画的人都认为第一幅画更好,但国王更喜欢第二幅画,结合语境及句意可知前后句子之间是转折关系,故填but。
⑨考查动名词。句意:宁静意味着在所有这些事情的中间,你的心仍然是平静的,mean doing sth.意为"意味着做某事",故填being。
⑩考查名词。句意:这才是宁静的真正意义,根据前面的形容词real可知这里要用名词,故填significance。
7.答案：1. an 2. traditional 3. dishes 4 .showing 5. However 6. was raised 7. What 8. extremely 9. have been enjoying/have enjoyed10. to preserve
解析： ①考查冠词。句意：“这真是令人吃惊。我没想到会有如此广泛的反响，”李子柒在接受采访时说。根据句意可知，此处是指一次采访，泛指，用冠词a/an修饰名词，interview是以元音音素开头的问，用an修饰。故填an。
②考查形容饲。句意：在视频中，李子柒经常穿着传统服装，日出时起床，日落时休息，种植种子和收获鲜花，烹饪中国菜和制作竹家具。根据空后的名词garments可知，设空处使用形容词修饰名词作定语。故填traditional。
③考查名词复数。句意同上。根据句意可知，中国菜不止一道，dish应用复数形式。故填dishes。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：李子柒的海外粉丝称赞她的视频展示了中国乡村生活简单优雅的一面。根据空前的介词fo可知，此处用动名词作宾语。故填showing。
⑤考查副词。句意：然而，在国内，关于她的演讲是否具有不切实际的诗意，一直存在争议。根据上文Li's overseas followers have praised her videos for（show）the simple and elegant side of China's country life.可知，设空处所在句子与上文是转折关系，此处应用副词however做句子的状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填However。
⑥考查时态和语态。句意：在农村长大的李子柒回应道：“我现在所呈现的只是一种我一直遵循并欣赏的生活方式。”本句是个定语从句，关系词指代的是Li，从句的主语是Li与谓语raise之间是被动关系，因此使用被动语态be done，根据主句的谓语said可知，使用一般过去时，因此，设空处使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was raised。
⑦考查名词性从句。句意同上。本句为主语从句，从句中谓语动词present缺少宾语，结合句意可知，用what引导，指代“呈现的内容”，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。
⑧考查副词。句意：现在，大多数人的压力都很大，所以我希望他们在看我的视频时能感到放松。此处修饰形容词stressed，应用副词形式。故填extremely。
⑨考查时态。句意：在我的脑海中有很多关于我们享受了几千年的古老工艺和食物的想法。根据时间状语nowadays可知，可以使用现在完成时的进行时表达过去一直延续到现在，现在还在进行，也可使用现在完成时。主语是we，使用nave been doing或have done。故填have been enjoying/have enjoyed。
⑩考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望通过自己的小小努力来保护它们。hope to do sth.希望做某事，是固定用法。故填to preserve。
8.答案：1. biggest 2. is 3. starting 4. posted 5. to6. different 7.an 8.which 9. dishes 10. them
解析： ①考查最高级。句意:春节是中国最大最重要的节日,也是家人团聚的日子。根据后文most important可以推知,空处应该用最高级。故填biggest。
②考查系动词。句意:对中国人来说,在新年伊始和家人在一起是一项重要的仪式。分析句子成分可知,该句为主系表结构,该句缺少系动词。主语为短语Being around family members at the turn of the year,为单数,故填is。
③考查非谓语动词。句意:春节庆祝活动是一个连续的过程,从腊月23日或24日开始。分析可知,该句主语为The Spring Festival celebration, start与主语为主动关系,应该用现在分词形式,故填starting。
④考查被动语态。句意:把祝福口话贴在门框上。分析可知,动词post与动作的执行者blessing words为被动关系。应该用过去分词形式表被动,故填posted。
⑤考查固定搭配。句意:除了除夕夜守岁,吃一顿丰盛的年夜饭也是庆祝春节的关键。 in addition to为固定搭配意为除…之外,故填to。
⑥考查形容词。句意:年夜饭在中国各地以不同的方式呈现。根据分析可知,空处作定语修饰名词ways,应该用形容词形式,故填different。
⑦考查冠词。句意:在中国南方,人们一定要吃一盘鱼,因为鱼在汉语中谐音“鱼”,象征着富足和舒适的生活。根据分析可知,空处应为不定冠词来修饰可数名词life泛指生活。而空处后abundant发音以元音音素开头,故填an。
⑧考查非限制性定语从句。句意:北方人常吃饺子,象征着团圆和发财。分析可知,该剧为非限制性定语从句,去掉后不影响句意,先行词 dumplings为物,只能用which。故填which。
⑨考查名词。句意:春节马上就要到了。让我们来看看一些必不可少的年夜饭。根据空处前some可知,some可修饰可数名词复数形式,dish为可数名词,此处应用复数形式,故填dishes。
⑩考查代词。句意:饺子、汤圆、鱼、狮子头肉丸、火锅、年糕或豆腐,它们都承载着祝福和好运的特殊含义。根据前文列举"Dumplings, sweet dumplings, fish, Lion-head meatballs, Hot pot, Rice cakes or a dish of tofu,"以及空格前all of可知,空处应是代指前文列举的食物。为复数形式,且在介词后,应该用宾格。故填them。