2022年中考英语语法复习讲义第五章形容词和副词（word版，含答案）

第五章 形容词和副词
第一节 形容词和副词的作用
形容词的作用
作定语
The present markets have taken a new look. 目前市场一派新气象。
作系动词的表语
Their performance was excellent. He looks upset.
This text seems difficult. He is said to have gone mad. 3） 作宾语补足语
Who left the door open 谁没有关门？
Something must be done to make the waste water clean. 4） 作伴随状况
He waited outside, cold and hungry.
His son returned home, safe and sound.（安然无恙）
形容词作定语的位置
形容词作定语通常放在被修饰的名词之前。若出现多个形容词，排列顺序为： a）冠词——序数词——数量词——描绘性形容词
I spent the last few sunny days at the seaside.
b）描绘性形容词——大小——长短——新旧——国籍——材料build a fine new stone bridge He is a famous American writer. 2）下列三种情况定语后置
短语 He was the only person awake at the moment.
修饰不定代词 If anything unusual happens, let me know.
“a”开头的形容词 He is the greatest artist alive today. 他是在世最伟大的艺术家。
Time alone will show who was right.(time alone=only time)
只有时间能证明到底谁正确。
副词的作用主要用
作状语，修饰动词，形容词，副词，介词短语和整个句子
I simply can’t accept your presents.（修饰动词） 我无论如何不能接受你的礼物。
I’m terribly sorry to interrupt you. The cars are running at much the same speed.（修饰形容词） This article is translated quite well.（修饰副词）
She looks exactly like her mother.（修饰介词短语）
Luckily, I escaped being killed by a passing car.（修饰全句） 改错 1）—— How did you find his lecture
A B
—— Very well. It couldn’t be any better.
C D
How different the people there speak English from us！ A B C D
The vast majority of people were strong against the decision.
A B C D
It is too a hot day today. I can’t stand the burning air.
A B C D
1）C well → good well 表示“好”是副词，当形容词用时表示“健康”
2）B different → differently,它修饰动词 speak
3）B strong → strongly,它修饰介词 短 语 against the decision
4）B a hot → hot a too 通常修饰形容词和副词。too 也可修饰单数可数名词，表达方式：too + adj.
+ a +n。类似词有 as, so 和 how。
He is so good a boy that we all like him. How good a boy he is!
请注意关于 too 的一些特殊表达：
can not…too… 再… 也不为过
only too = very 非常
You can’t too careful when crossing the street. 横越马路后，越小心越好。
I’m only too pleased to be able to go home. 能回到家，我真高兴。
too 可以有以下程度状语
1）You speak a bit/ a little/ rather too fast.你讲话有点快。2）These shoes are far/ much too big for me.这双鞋我穿太大了。几组副词的比较：
very, much
二者均为程度副词，very 修饰形容词或副词；much 修饰“a”开头的形容词，过去分词或非谓语动词。例如：
very good/ exciting/ limited.（以习惯上被用作形容词的过去分词）
He was (very) much afraid.
I enjoyed the film (very) much.
already, yet, still
already 用在肯定句，表示某事已经发生；yet 用于否定句和疑问句中，表示期待某事发生；still 表示某事还在进行。例如：
I have already finished my work. He hasn’t come back yet.
Has she fallen asleep yet
译 ：1）Keep still when I take a picture.
2) It is raining hard; still, we must go out. 3．almost, nearly
almost 比 nearly 更接近某状况。例如：
It’s almost 12 o’clock. (11:55)
It’s nearly 12 o’clock. (11:45)
almost 多与 nobody, nothing, no, none, never 连用。例如：
I almost never see him.
not nearly 为固定用法，含义为“远非”。例如：
It’s not nearly easy.
4．quite, rather, fairly
quite 和 rather 修饰名词时在 a 之前。而 fairly 在 a 之后。例如：
We had quite a party. It’s a fairly interesting film.
但如果有形容词和 rather 一起修饰名词时，放在 a 的前后均可，例如：
They are rather a strong (a rather strong) team.
rather 通常修饰贬义词和不喜欢的词，而 fairly 通常修饰褒义词或喜好的词。例如：
The question is rather difficult. The city is fairly clean.
第二节 形容词和副词的比较结构
英语中的形容词和副词可以划分为三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。原级 比较级 最高级
young younger youngest excellent more excellent most excellent
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成方法
单音节词及以“er”，“le”，“ow”，“辅音字母+y”收尾的双音节词，在词尾加 er 或 est 构成比较级和最高级
quick → quicker → quickest large → larger → largest
thin → thinner →thinnest clever → cleverer → cleverest simple → simpler → simplest narrow → narrower → narrowest happy → happier → happiest
其他双音节词及多音节词，在词加 more 或 most 构成比较级和最高级
famous → more famous → most famous
beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful
英语中有一部分形容词和副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，如下表所示：
注：1）farther, further 均可表示距离上“更远”；但表示程度上“进一步”，用 further。 I’m too tired to go any farther / further.
We must look into the matter further. 我们必须进一步调查此事。
I have nothing further to say. 我再没什么可说的了。
注：2）elder / eldest 指家庭成员的长幼关系，作前置定语。older / oldest 表示年龄大小关系，可作定语也可作表语。My eldest sister is going to get married. 我大姐要结婚了。
My elder sister is ten years older than my younger brother. 我姐姐比我弟弟大十岁。
He is the oldest teacher of us. 我是我们中最年长的老师。
第三节 形容词和副词的比较结构
表示 A 与 B 一样
肯定形式 1）S + V + as adj / adv（原级）as 2）S + V + as adj + a + n（单数） as 3）S + V + as many / much / few / little + n + 其他成份 as
This river is as long as that one = The river is the length of that one. Peter is as lovely a boy as Tom. = Peter is a boy as lovely as Tom.
I will offer you as much help as I can. Try to make as few mistakes as possible.
否定形式 not as / so … as
This movie was not so good as I had expected. I haven’t seen as old a car as this for years.
以上结构中，第二 as 为连词，连接比较的一方。第一个 as 为副词，可在其前加上多种程度状语。
English is not nearly as easy as I imaged.
英语远没有我当初想象的那么容易。（not nearly 远非）
We have produced 70% / twice as much cotton this year as we did last year.
今年我们生产的棉花是去年的 70% / 两倍多。
表示 A 超过 B
表达形式 S + V adj / adv（比较级）than
This text is more difficult to understand than that one.
Work means more to me than anything. 对我来说，工作比任何东西都重要。
It is raining more heavily than ever. 雨下得比以往任何时间都大。比较级前可加上多种程度状语
（多得多）much / far / a lot / a great deal
（更）even / still
I spend（一点）a bit / a little / rather / slightly more time on English than before.
（两倍）twice
（半小时）half an hour
※在否定句和疑问句中，比较级程度状语用 any
Are you feeling any better I am so tired that I can’t go any farther.
※注：两者比较，形容词比较级前面不用冠词“the”，但句中带有“of + 比较范围”这一结构，则要在比较前加“the”
He is the cleverer of us two. Which is the cheaper of the two
表示越…越…
表达形式 1）the adj / adv（比较级）S + V 2）the adj（比较级）+ n S + V The sooner, the better. 越早越好。
The less she worried, the better she worked. 她越不担忧，工作效果越好。
The harder you study, the greater progress you will make.
表示“最”
三者或三者以上的人或事物之间进行比较，用形容词或副词最高级表达形式：S + V + adj / adv（最高级）+ 比较范围
He is the best student in our class.(在某一范围或区域内比较用 in)
He did the experiment (the) most carefully of / among all of us.(在与主语同类的人或物中比较用 of 或
among)
（副词最高级前 the ，可省略）
This is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.
注：most 作“非常”解时，其前不用 the, 但可用 a。This city is most beautiful. He is a most skilled driver. 表示“最”的概念还有以下方式
1) adj./ adv.(比较级)+than any other +单数名词/the others
2）…否定词（never, nothing 等）+ 比较级
3）…否定词… + so … as
She speaks English more fluently than any other student in our class. No other country in Europe went through more wars than England.
= England went through the most war in Europe.
在欧洲没有一个国家比英国经历的战争多。
It can’t be worse. = It is the worst thing I have ever known.
China has never been so powerful as it is today.中国从来没有象今天这样强大。
需了解的几种特殊表达方式
1）A no + adj / adv 比较级 than B A、B 与形容词或副词性质相反
You are no more stupid than he. = You are as clever as he.
The dish tastes no worse than I expected. = The dish tastes as good as I expected.
这道菜的味道和我当初估计的一样好。
2）as much + 名词 as 表示双方在程度上一样
He has as much interest in politics as in art. 他对政治与艺术同样感兴趣。选择：It is generally believed that teaching is it is a science.
A．an art much as B．much an art as C．as an art much as D．as much an art as
（答案 D，本题为句型（2）的具体运用） 3）not so much A as B = more B than A
A、B 同结构，译“与其说 A 不如说 B”
He is not so much a novelist as a critic. 与其说他是小说家，不如说他是评论家。
She was more sad than angry when her son lied again.
当他儿子再次说谎时，与其他说愤怒不如说他悲伤。
形容词与副词练习
Allen had to call a taxi because the box was to carry all the way home.
much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much
—I’m very with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
—Mm, it does have a smell.
pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 3.Boris has brains. In face, I doubt whether anyone in the class has IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest 4． to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.
A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave
I must be getting fat I can do my trousers up.
fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom
He did it it took me.
one-third a time B. one-third time C. the one-third time D. one-third the time
Come and see me whenever .
you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you
8 I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
---- You can never be careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
We are in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
a rush so anxious B. a such so anxious rush
C. so an anxious rush D. such an anxious rush
Professor White has written some short stories, but he is known for his plays.
the best B. more C. better D. the most
The means of getting form place to place in the city is the bus.
most commonly useful public B. most commonly public sued
C. public used more commonly D. most commonly used public
My brother was still studying into the night while I was awake.
late; sound B. lately; wide C. deeply; far D. far; late
It was possible for her to get the 9 o’clock train. I know she got up at 9:15.
quite B. very C. too D. much
What does the model plane look like
---- Well, the wings of the plane are of its body.
more than the length twice B. twice more than the length
C. more than twice the length D. more twice than the length
Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you
---- I couldn’t agree The idea sounds great to me.
much B. worse C. more D. at all
I think this exhibition is of the two. I have never seen exhibition.
by far better; the better B. far better; a better
C. by far the better; a better D. far the better; a better
Crowds of people were turned for lack of room.
out B. to C. on D. away
Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not .
widely B. thoroughly C. entirely D. extensively
Qualities of precious jewelry found buried in the earth.
was; deeply B. were; deeply C. was; deep D. were; deep
For some people, traveling abroad is the thing they enjoy most in life; for others, , cultural differences make them feel uncomfortable.
fortunately B. even worse C. what’s more D. though
Do you really want to go out
---- It may rain. , I shall go out; I don’t mind the rain.
anyway B. otherwise C. now that D. or else
How do you like the film
---- There was nothing special---- it was only_ .
average B. usual C. normal D. common
Management theories are but the method of doing business is different.
A. the same pretty much B. much pretty the same
C. the same much pretty D. pretty much the same 24 Tom is very stupid. He fails in every exam.
---- In my opinion, he is than stupid.
A. lazier B. no lazier C. more lazy D. lazier rather
25 Do you play football after work
---- Yes, Playing football is not my favorite sport.
A. more or less B. once in a while C. time and again D. sooner or later
The doctor was pleased to see how she looked after her recent illness.
right B. pleasant C. well D. good
Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise. , our minds are developed by learning.
Probably B. However C. Similarly D. Generally
The examination I took yesterday wasn’t difficult, but it was long.
much too B. so much C. too much D. very much
I think that a person should aim and never speak of himself.
high; high B. highly; highly C. high; highly D. highly; high
Exercise is as any other to lose unwanted weight.
so useful a way B. as a useful way C. as useful a way D. such a useful way
答案：
1-5 ADBCB 6-10 DCDDC 11-15 DAACC
16-20 CDCDD 21-25 AADCB 26-30 CCACC