2022年中考英语语法复习讲义第四章冠词学案（含答案）

第四章 冠 词
一、冠词的种类
冠词可分成不定冠词 a，an 和定冠词 the。
二、泛指和特指的定义
泛指：一般提及人或事物，不作具体说明叫泛指。下列两种情况为泛指a）未明确交待的人或事物
I met her in a coffee shop near the station. 我在车站附近的一家咖啡馆遇到她的。
b）表明数量“一”
He asked for a book and two magazines. 他要一本书和两本杂志。
特指：具体指明人或物叫特指，其基本意思是“这，那”。下列三种情况为特指。
上文提到过的人或物
I bought a book yesterday. The book is of great value.
昨天我买了一本书，这本书很有价值。
说话人或听话人心中都有数的人或事物
—— When will the meeting be held
—— At 2:00 o’clock in the afternoon. 3）带有限制性的后置定语
The movie directed by Mr. Zhang Yimou was a great hit.
张艺谋执导的那部电影极为叫座。
三、冠词使用的基本规则
可数名词
表示泛指，单数可数名词用不定冠词 a（an），复数名词不用冠词。表示特指，可数单数名词和复数可数名词，均用定冠词 the。
物质名词和抽象名词
物质名词和抽象名词不用冠词。
Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。Wisdom is better than strength. 智慧胜于力量。特指的物质名词和抽象名词，用定冠词 the。
The snow in front of the house is beginning to melt. 房前的雪开始融化了。
a(n) 与物质名词连用，可表示种类或一杯之量。
Maotai is an excellent wine. Bring me a coffee, will you
选择：The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used. A．the ；the B．the ； 不填 C．不填 ；the D．不填 ；不填
四、需要用定冠词的其他几种情况
用于表示世界上独一无二的事物名词之前。
the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky
用于表示方位名词，序数词和形容词最高级之前。
sail to the east turn to the right This is the most expensive of all the clothes.
This is the third time that he has been elected chairman of the Student Union.
与某些形容词或分词连用，代表一类人或事物。
I was brought up to respect the old. 我从小就接受教育，要敬爱老人。
The beautiful can never die. 美是永恒的。
用在表示江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠，建筑物等名词之前。
the Pacific（Ocean）太平洋 the South-China sea 南中国海
the Sahara 哈拉沙漠 the Persian Gulf 波 斯湾 the Beijing Station 北京车站
用于姓氏的复数形式之前，表示“夫妇”或“一家人”。
The Turners are sitting at lunch table. 特纳一家正吃午饭。
由普通名词构成的专有名词（如国家，党派等）前。例 ：the United States; the Communist Party of China
用在表示发明物的单数名词前。
The telephone was invented by Bell.
用在某些固定短语中：
on the spot 当场 on the whole 总的来说
for the most part 多半，在多数情况下 out of the question 不可能
五、不用冠词的其他几种情况
物质名词，抽象名词（见第三章），人名，地名等专有名词前。
Air is important to us.
Beijing is the capital of China.
表示季节、月份、周日、节假日（中国传统节例外）名词之前。
I like spring most. I’m going to return to England at Christmas Day.
若具体指明哪一年的季节，应有定冠词。
The war broke out on the spring of 1942.
表示学科、球类、棋类和三餐名词之前
He is good at maths. I like playing football. I often go to school without breakfast.
注：强调一顿饭或特指某顿饭可用冠词。
Mother cooked me a nice dinner this morning. The dinner cooked by my mother tastes delicious.
表示正式的或独一无二的职位、头衔的名词，在句中作宾补或同位语。
He has been elected chairman of the student union.
Mandela, president of South Africa, was awarded the Nobel prize for peace in 1997.
南非总统曼德拉于 1997 年获得诺贝尔和平奖。
在与 by 连用的交通工具名称之前。
例:by taxi, by bike, by boat
但注意：get into a taxi, take a bus, on the train 等表达形式。
某些固定短语中，要求不用冠词。
at present 目前 take part in 参加 in peace 平安，平静 by chance 碰 巧注意：有些词组中有无冠词含义不同。
at table 在进餐 in hospital 住 院
at the table 坐在桌子旁 in the hospital 在医院工作或参观等
be in charge of 负 责… out of question 不成问题
be in the charge of 由…负责 out of the question 根本不可能
by day 在白天
by the day 按天计算
高考中冠词考查热点
选择：Summers in south of France are for most part dry and sunny.（2000 年春季高考）
A．the ； 不 填 B． 不 填 ；the C． 不 填 ； 不 填 D．the ；the
答案为 D。分析：方位名词要用定冠词 the，故可考虑的选项为 A、D。for the most part 为固定短语，故答案为 D。近几年来，高考试卷对冠词的命题方式大多数情况是，一空考冠词的基本用法，一空考固定短语中冠词使用。因此在我们学习固定短语中，一定要留神并准确记忆固定短语中名词前使用的
冠词。
冠词练习
on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-speaking Canadians is
major concern of the country.
---Where is my blue shirt
--- It’s in the washing machine. You have to wear different one.
any B. the C. a D other
The sign reads “ In case of fire, break the glass and push red button”.
/ , a B. / , the C. the, the D. a , a
There is dictionary on desk by your side.
a, the B. a, a C. the, a D. the, the
Jumping out of airplane at ten thousand feet is quite exciting experience.
/, the B. / , an C. an , an D. the, the
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain good knowledge of basic word formation.
The cakes are delicious. He’d like to have third one because one is rather too small.
a, a B. the, the C. the, a D. a , the
The warmth of sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used.
the, the B. /, the C. the, / D. / , /
Mr Smith, there is a man at front door who says he has news for you of great importance.
the, / B. the, the C. / , / D. / , the
A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in leg.
a B. one C. the D. his
Paper money was in use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in thirteenth century.
the, / B. The, the C. /, the D. / , /
It is not rare in that people in fifties are going to university for further education.
90s, their B. the 90s, / C. 90s, the D. the 90s, their
People regard the wheel as invention of the first importance in human history.
an , the B. an; / C. the, the D. the, /
Young as he is , David has gained rich experience in society.
/, / B. the, the C. a, / D. /, the
The party last night was success. We sang and danced until it came to
a , the B. the, an C. a , an D. / , an
She is usually on duty in her office every days.
the, a B. / , / C. / , a D. a , /
end at twelve.
The two rooms are of size. But another two rooms are twice size of them.
the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a , the
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by hour.
the B. a C. an D. /
He wants to have word with you.
---- I know word has come that I am the next person he wants to talk to.
/ , the B. a , the C. a , / D. the, a
Mr Smith told us that gold medal his son had got was considered great honour to the whole family.
the, / B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the
Who do you think will take office next month and become of that country
a, the B. / , the C. the, / D. / , a
--- Do you think an advertisement is help when you look for a new job
--- Well, it all depends. Anyway, it gives me more of chance to try.
a , a B. / , / C. the, the D. a , the
Although he knew little about large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded where more well-informed experimenters failed.
a, the B. the, a C. a, / D. / , the
I got bad toothache yesterday, which kept me awake whole night.
a, the B. / , a C. the, a D. a , /
person like him won’t be simply satisfied with little progress that has been made.
The, a B. The, / C. A, / D. A , the
I smoke out of habit, not for pleasure; for I have been in the habit for 20 years.
a, the B. the, a C. / , the D / , /
Many people are still in habit of writing silly things in places.
the, the B. /, / C. the, / D. / , the
I wonder what it feels like to become one of really rich. The Jenkins already have two Roll Royces and now they are buying third!
the, a B. the, the C. / , a D. / , the
In the face of failure, it is the most important to keep up good state of mind.
/ , a B. a , / C. the, / D. / , the
--- What drinks shall I order
--- large coffee for me. Oh, you may as well bring me hot chocolate too.
/ , the B. A, / C. A , a D. / , /
I hear that apple juice is healthy drink .
/ , a B. / , / C. an , a D. the, /
All these changes will lead to strong and powerful China, country that can surprise and enrich our planet.
a , a B. the, a C. the, the D. a , the
When it comes to bringing up children , some people say discipline produces happy, well-behaved child.
a , the B. / , a C. a , a D. / , the
The growing crime rate has become major problem of society.
the, the B. a , / C. / , the D. / , /
Don’t worry too much about mistakes. They are natural part of learning.
/ , a B. the, a C. the, / D. the , the
答案：
1-5 ACBAC 6-10 ADCAC 11-15 CDBAC 16-20 BDACC
21-25 BADAD 26-30 DCAAC 31-35 AABB