2022年中考英语语法复习讲义第六章动词时态（word版，含答案）

第六章 动词时态
在英语中，通过不同的时态，表示或区别在不同时间发生的动作或出现的情况，要准确地使用不同的时态，关键要弄清各种时态的定义和用法。在近年英语高考命题中对时态的考查是一个重点，所考查的主要是一般过去时，现在完成时，现在进行时，过去进行时。
一、一般现在时
基本用法：
表示包括现在时刻在内整个阶段经常性和习惯性动作
The bank opens at 8:00 a.m. on weekdays. However busy I am, I write to my mother regularly.
表示人或物基本特征，特性及目前的状态
Now I am busy; I can’t spare time for a holiday. That street is in bad condition, and smells terrible.
表示客观真理，科学事实，格言及没有时限的客观存在
Knowledge is strength.
Light travels faster than sound. Japan lies to the east of China.
选择：1．I ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A．will play B．have played C．played D．play 2．—— Can I help you, sir
—— Yes, I bought this radio here yesterday, but it .
A．didn’t work B．won’t work C．can’t work D．doesn’t work
答案为 D。乒乓球打得出色是一个的基本能力和特征，因此要用一般现在时。
答案为 D。收音机不响，反应的是收音机目前的工作状况，故用一般现在时。改错： 1．Make sure that you will pick me up after work.
2．I’ll see to it that I will return the reference book on time.
答案：1）will pick → pick 2）will return → return
在 see to it that… 和 make sure that…句型中，从句动词用一般时，表示将来时。
二、一般过去时
基本用法：
表示在一个特定的过去时间，发生的事件或人或物的客观情况。该时态常跟一个表示过去时间的状语连用。如：yesterday, the night before（前天晚上），once（曾经），
the other day = a few days ago, just now = a moment ago（刚才）
I got to know him two years ago. He was seriously ill last week.
也可表示过去经常性或重复发生的动作或情况。
As a child, I would go to sea along with my father. China is different from what it used to be.
情态动词 would do 可表示过去习惯性动作；used to be / do 可表示过去习惯性动作或状态。选择：1．—— Your telephone number again I quite catch it.
—— It’s 9568422.
A．didn’t B．couldn’t C．don’t D．can’t 2．—— We could have walked to the station, it was so near.
—— Yes. A taxi at all necessary.
A．wasn’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t D．won’t 3．—— Come on it, Peter. I want to show you something.
—— Oh, how nice of you ! I you to bring me a gift. A．never think ；are going B．never thought ；were going C．didn’t think ；were going D．hadn’t thought ；were going
简析：1. 答案 A。“没听清楚”发生在对方当时报电话号码那个过去时刻，故用一般过去时。
答案 A。根据对话的情景可知，甲乙双方都在谈论过去发生的事情。甲方用虚拟语气，责备自己当时未能步行去车站，乙方强调当时乘出租车没有必要，故用一般过去时。
答案 B。思维动词 think, know, expect 等，时态使用的原则是：表示现在的看法、知晓用一般现在时；表示过去的看法、知晓，而这种思维活动现在已不复存在，用一般过去时。根据对话可知，乙方没想到‘“甲方会给他带来礼物”，发生在未见到礼物之前。一旦见到礼物，这种想法即刻消失，故 think应用一般过去时。答案 B 比 C 语气强，更符合对话的情景，因此 B 为最佳选项。
在以下句型中，必须用一般过去时表示将来发生的动作：
1．It is（high / about）time（that）you went bed. 你该去睡觉了。
2．I would rather they came tomorrow. 我倒希望他们明天来。
三、现在完成时
1．表达形式：主动语态 have / has done ；被动语态 have / has been done 2．基本用法：
表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个过去时刻，到说话时已完成，并与现在的情况有联系。I have turned on the electric heater（电热器）in the room.
（I turned on the electric heater, and the room is getting warm now.）
He has taken away my reference book.
（He took away my reference book, and now I can’t use it.） 选择：The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A．went down B．will go down C．has gone down D．was going down
答案为 C。作者对今后物价是否能继续走低，心怀疑虑，而他此时的心态是由物价下跌这一动作引发的，故用现在进行时。
表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在。可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。
· ·
起点 Now
He has been in Beijing for two years.
We have had plenty of rain here since we parted last month.
自上个月我们分手以来，这里下了很多雨。
表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻持续到现在的时间状语还有in the pas（t last）few years, ever since, so far,
up to the present（直到现在），until now, in recent years 等。选择：—— How are you today
—— Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.
A．didn’t feel B．wasn’t feeling C．don’t feel D．haven’t felt
答案为 D。译：我很长时间没有象今天这样周身不适。本句的实质是：今天我身体状况最差，而这以前情况基本正常，即 not feel ill。这种正常身体状况从过去延续到今天截止。故应用现在完成时。
关于现在完成时，请注意以下三点：
现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时表示的动作或状态或与在有联系，它强调的是对现 在的影响。一般过去时表示的动作或状态已成为历史，不复存在，与现在无关系。
He has worked in Paris for two years. （现在人仍在巴黎。）
He worked in Paris for two years. （现在人已不在巴黎。）
可用句型 It is +（一段时间）+ since（主语）+（动词的过去时），解决瞬间动词不能与一段时间连用的矛盾。如：
It is ten years since he left Shanghai.
It is about two years since I got married to Jane. 3）下列句型的分句中动词用现在完成时。如：
It is the first（序数词）time（that）I have visited China. 我是我第一次访问中国。
This is the most beautiful（形容词最高级）city that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最美丽的城市。
四、过去完成时
1．表达形式 主动语态 had done ；被动语态 had been done 2．基本用法
在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已完成的动作。
Now
例 ：He said that he had arrived three days before.
动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间。例 ：By the time he came we had worked for two hours.
Now
例 1：—— Mary came back yesterday.
—— Where she
A．had; been B．did; go C．has; been D．had; gone
答案为 A。乙方要问的是“在昨天之前，她去过哪里”，属过去的过去。故应用过去完成时。例 2：Until then, his family from him for two months.
A．didn’t hear B．hasn’t heard C．hadn’t heard D．heard nothing
译：到那个时候，他家人已有两个月没有收到他的来信。
答案为 C。“未收到来信”这种情况持续到那个时候，而不是现在。根据过去完成时的第二种用法，应用过去完成时。
例 3：用正确时态填空
I （mean）to go on Monday, but I have stayed at their request.
答案为 had meant。动词 hope, wish, intend, mean, want, expect 等，其过去完成时可表示“过去未曾实现的希望，打算或意图”。
五、现在进行时
1．表达形式：主动形式：am / is / are doing 被动形式 am / is / are being done 2．基本用法
表示此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
The students are preparing for the entrance exam at present.
表示目前的变化、发展和进展过程，需要用现在进行时。
Selecting a mobile phone for perponal use is no easy task because technology is changing so rapidly.
请注意以下两点：
现在进行时与一般现在时的区别：一般现在时表示的动作，其特征为经常性；现在进行时表示的 动作，其特征具有暂时性。经常性与暂时性是区分这两种时态的主要尺度。
例 ：—— Is this raincoat yours
—— No, mine there behind the door.
A．is hanging B．has hung C．hangs D．hung
答案为 A。这段对话大多发生在下班，会议或社交活动结束后，人们各自找自己的雨具这样的场合。“雨衣挂在门后”是临时性的，故用现在进行时。
进行时与 always, continually, constantly, forever 等副词连用，作为一种修辞手段，用于表达赞扬、不满、抱怨等情绪。
He is always thinking of others. 他总是为别人着想。（赞扬）
At school he was constantly playing trick on others. 在校读书时，他老是捉弄人。（厌恶）
六、过去进行时
表达形式 主动态：was / were doing ；被动形式：was / were being done 2．基本用法
用于表示在过去某一时刻或过去某一阶段正在进行的动作。
I was making a long-distance call to my near relative before you arrived. In those years we were having a hard time.
例 ：1.—— Hey, look where you are going !
—— Oh, I’m terribly sorry. .
A．I’m not noticing B．I wasn’t noticing C．I haven’t noticed D．I don’t notice
Tom into the house when no one .
A．slipped; was looking B．had slipped; looked C．slipped; had looked D．was slipped; looked
答案为 B。“走路时心不在焉，不注意前进方向”，发生在甲方责备他之前那段已过去的时间里。故应用过去进行时。
译文：汤姆乘着没有人注意，溜进房屋。答案为 A。when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句，若主句动
作与从句动作同时进行，且一长一短。那么持续时间长的动作用进行时，持续短的动作用一般时。本题中“溜 slip”发生在没有人注视这一过程中，“溜 slip”为短动作，故用一般过去时，而 watch“注视”持续时间长，应用过去进行时。
七、一般将来时
基本用法 表示将来或即将发生的动作
表达形式 主动形式：shall / will do ；shall / will be doing
被动形式：shall / will be done shall 用于第一人称，will 用于所有人称
I won’t be free tonight.
I will be waiting for you outside after school.
一般将来时其他表达形式如下：
am / is / are going to do
用于表示 a）预先打算做某事。b）有迹象表明即将发生的动作。
We are going to visit the Great Wall at weekends.
Listen to the loud crash of thunder. It’s going to rain. 听那震耳的雷声，天就要下雨了。
am / is / are to do
用于表示按计划、安排要进行的动作
The meeting is to be held tomorrow.
注 1： 该结构也可当情态动词用，表示“命令”、“可能”
You are to be back by 9 o’clock at the latest. 你必须最迟在 9 点之前回家。
This kind of book is nowhere to be bought. = This kind of book can’t be bought anywhere.
注 2：用在 if 条件句中，表示“想”。If we are to be there in time, we’ll have to hurry up. 3）be about to do
用于表达某动作马上要发生
Be quick ! Flight No. 302 to Tokyo is about to take off.
改错：Allention please ! The concert is about to start in five minutes.
删去 in five minutes。 be about to do 不能与具体时间状语连用。
4）转移动词 go, come, start, leave, arrive, return, sail 等以及 win, lose, die 可用进行时表示将来时。
The ship is sailing for Shanghai tomorrow. It seems to me that our team is losing.
八、过去将来时
基本用法
表示在过去某一时刻尚未发生的动作或存在的状态。
表达形式
主动语态：should / would do 被动语态：should / would be done
I never imagined that he would become a doctor.
I promised my boss that I would finish this work by the end of this month.
一般将来时的其他表达形式，也适用于过去将来时
I felt that something terrible was about to happen.
请注意：
①when, once, until, as soon as 等引导的时间状语从句
②if, unless, so long as 等引导的条件状语从句
③even if, though, whenever, whether…or（不管…还是…）等引导的让步状语从句若从句动作未发生，应用一般时表示将来时。
I will let you know if he comes back.
He said that he wouldn’t lose heart even if he failed. Whatever happens, do be calm.
九、被动语态
1．定义：若主语是谓语动作的承受者，即主谓语为被动关系，则谓语动词应用被动形式。
The question is being discussed at the meeting.
Full time should be made use of to speed up socialist construction. 必须充分利用时间加速社会主义建设。
①下列情况不能用被动语态：
a．不及物动词及不及物性的短语动词，如 happen, appear, disappear, break out, take place 等 b．状态动词或系动词。
例：There is no doubt that Taiwan is belonged to China.（错） His head is felt hot.（错）
This plan was proved practical.（错）
②下列情况用主动形式表示被动意义：
表示事物的名词作主语，谓语表示该事物的特征。例：This book sells well.
This cloth washes well.
动词前有情态动词 won’t, wouldn’t，表示该动作难以实现。例：The door won’t open. 这扇门就是关不起来。
The engine wouldn’t start this morning. 今天上午这马达怎么也发动不起来。
动词时态练习
一、经典高考考题重现。
(04 全国卷)
My mind wasn’t on what he was saying so I' m afraid I half of it.
was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed (04 浙江卷)
The discussion alive when an interesting topic was brought in.
was coming B. had come C. has come D. came (04 福建卷)
She has set a new record ,that is ,the sales of her latest book 50 million.
have reached B．has reached C．are reaching D．had reached (04 江苏卷)
More patients _ in hospital this year than last year.
treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated (04 湖北卷)
He kept looking at her , wondering whether he her somewhere .
saw B．has seen C．sees D．had seen (04 浙江卷)
Because the shop , all the T-shirts are sold at half price.
has closed down B. closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down
（04 北京春季）
－Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on.
－Where was I
－You you didn’t like your father’s job.
had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying (04 湖南卷)
Turn on the television or open a magazine and you advertisements showing happy families. A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen
(04 北京卷)
Now that she is out of a job, Lucy going back to school, but she hasn’t decided yet.
had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider (04 北京卷)
The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006.
has been completed B. has completed
C. will have been completed D. will have completed
1-5 DDADD 6-10 CCABC
二、提高练习。
---I thought you were proud of the work I .
---I’m afraid not. You’d better change it for another.
do B．had done C．did D．would
---Sorry, Joe, I didn’t mean to…
---Don’t call me “Joe”. I’m Mr. Parker to you, and you forget it!
do B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
Nobody could have guessed, 20 years ago, the important place in Chinese history that Shenzhen .
was having B. was to have C. had had D. had
The plane over the landing field for twenty minutes when the pilot was told that he should use the Eastside Field.
had been circling B．is circling C．was circling D．had circled
---What about the situation there
---Oh, it as serious as it does now for a long time.
didn’t look B. wasn’t looking C. doesn’t look D. hasn’t looked
---Why! Where’s my passport Maybe I left it on the plane.
---My Goodness! You things behind!
had never left B. didn’t leave C. never left D. haven’t left
Doctors and medical supplies to the scene of the accident after the train crash. A．had been rushed B．were rushed C．were rushing D．rushed
All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness .
has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown
---The former president was caught at last. ---Really Where himself
had he hidden B．has he hidden C．was he hidden D．has he been hiding
After a tsunami hit Southeast and South Asia last month, up to150,000 and thousands more
.
were killed; are still unknown B. have been killed; were still unknown
C. are killed; are still unknown D. had been killed; were still unknown
Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge It will fresh for several days. A．be stayed B．stay C．be staying D．have stayed
You things about. Look, what a mess in your room!
always throw B. have always thrown
C. are always throwing D. have always been throwing
Plant more trees in this area, otherwise we from sandstorms.
often suffer B. will often suffer C. is often suffer D. will often be suffered
---Henry, the phone is ringing. Do you want me to go… ---No, sit still. .
I'll get it B. I am to get it C. I' m getting it D. I am going to get it.
The article suggests that when a person under unusual stress he should be especially careful to have a well—balanced diet.
be B. is C. were D. was
The prices of agricultural products while those of industrial products only a little.
are going up; have been brought down B. have gone up; are being brought down
C. are being gone up; has brought down D. have been gone up; are bringing down
---I thought you might have got drunk. ---Yes, I .
have B．had C．did do D．might have
We plan to reach the North Pole in mid-July, and by then we for six weeks. A．are walking B．have been walking
C．will be walking D．will have been walking
How can you possibly miss the news It on TV all day long.
has been B. had been C. was D. will be
I don’t understand how you got a ticket. I always you a careful driver. A．think…are B．am thinking…are C．thought…were D．think…were
---Why did you come by taxi
---My bike broke down last night and I it repaired.
didn't have B. don't have C. won't have D. haven't had
---Do you mean we have to break off the experiment for dinner
---Yes, it in the dining room; no waiting after the set time.
is served B．serves C．is being served D．will serve
--- Fined $20! You know you 100 km an hour, don’t you
---No, officer! I can’t have been. This car doesn’t do 80.
are driving B. have driven C. drove D. were driving
---Do you regret having left your first job
---Why should I I as much, but I enjoy more of my present job.
didn’t earn B. don’t earn C. hadn’t earned D. haven’t earned
It seems oil from this pipe for some time. We will have to take the machine apart to put it right. A. has leaked B. is leaking C. leaked D. has been leaking
Once a programme put into a computer, it accordingly.
is; acts B. is being; is acting C. has been; will act D. will be; acts
---Could you lend me that book you me about when I telephoned you
---No, I am sorry. I can’t. I gave it to a friend.
were telling B．would tell C．had told D．had been telling
--- How huge these tomatoes! You must have applied much fertilizer(肥料) to them.
--- Yes, I . They ought to be ripe enough to pick by next Tuesday.
do B. must C. have D. did
---Peter, you the car down at once. ---Ok! Oh! The car gone.
wash, is B. will wash, is C. wash, was D. will wash, has
---The possibility of a flood was just reported over the radio.
--- I know. I heard about it. The river the top of its bank.
has reached B. reaching C. had been reached D. had reached
答案：
1-5ADBAD 6-10CBCAA 11-15BCBAB 16-20ACDA 21-25DCDBD 26-30CACAD