2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册Unit1词汇，短语，语法归纳

八下 unit 1 语法归纳总结
询问某人的健康问题及遇到事情麻烦等常用的表达方式
1 What's the matter (with xx)？ （某人）怎么了？ 2 What's wrong (with xx)？ （ 某人）怎么了？
3 What's the trouble (with xx)？（某人）怎么了？ 4 What happened (to xx)？（某人）发生了什么事？
5 Are you OK 你没事吧？ 6 Is there anything wrong with xx 某人有什么事吗？
练一练： What's the matter with your leg ﹦________ ________ ________ ________ __________
﹦________ ________ ________ ________ __________
表达身体疼痛或不舒服，可用如下结构
1. sb + have/ has + 病症
Eg: Sb has/ have a cold/ bad cold/ cough/ fever/ temperature/ nosebleed
某人有感冒，重感冒，咳嗽，发烧，出鼻血
sb + has/have + a + 身体部位 + ache
Eg: Sb has/have a headache / toothache/ earache/ backache/ heartache/ stomachache
某人头痛，牙痛，耳朵疼，后背痛，心痛，胃痛
3. sb + has/ have + a sore +发病部位
Eg: Sb has/have a sore throat/ eye/ back/ arm
某人嗓子疼，眼睛疼，后背疼，胳膊疼
4. sb + has/have a pain (pains) in one's + 身体部位
Eg：Sb has/have a pain in sb's head/ neck 某人头痛，脖子痛
5. sb的某部位 + hurt（hurts） 注：hurt的过去式，过去分词还是hurt
eg： My head hurts. 我头痛 His legs hurts。 他腿疼。
sb + hurt + 身体部位或反身代词
eg：He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。 He hurt himself. 他伤到了自己。
6. sb + cut + 身体部位或反身代词 （cut 的过去式，过去分词还是 cut）
eg: I cut my finger. 我割破了手指。 I cut myself. 我切到了自己。
7. ⑴ hit sb on/in the + 身体部位 （on用于较硬的身体部位，head，shoulder，nose；
in用于较软的身体部位，face，stomach,eye,mouth） 注： hit的过去式，过去分词还是hit
Eg: He hit me on the head. 他打了我的头。
Eg: The ball hit me in the face. 球打到了我的脸。
⑵ sb get hit in/on the +身体部位 某人的身体部位被打到了
Eg: He got hit on the head. 他的头受到了撞击。
Eg: I got hit in the face yesterday. 昨天我脸部被打了。
8. There is something wrong with one's + 身体部位
Eg: There is something wrong with my right eye. 我右眼有毛病（不舒服）。
练一练： 1.The girl cut _______________(her). 2. He got hit on _______ head.
3.He hit his brother _______(介词）the stomach. 4. His head_________(hurt).
5.They have bad __________(cold). 6. Tom has a _____________(stomach).
7.What's wrong _______(介词）you 8. What happened________ (介词）you.
9.You should _________ your temperature. 10. I have a s________ throat.
Should 的用法
Should 是情态动词，意为“应当，应该”，否定式 shouldn't。后接动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见，建议，要求或义务等。
Eg: We should be good to the old. 我们应该尊敬老人。 （表义务，责任）
Eg: You shouldn't watch TV . 你不应该看电视。 （表建议，劝告）
Eg: Should I give him the money 我应该把钱给他吗？ （表征求意见）
除了should以外，其他表示建议的说法如下：
① Would you like (to do) sth？ 你想要/愿意（做）xxx 吗？
Eg: Would you like some orange 你想要点橙汁吗？
Eg: Would you like to play basketball with me 你愿意和我一起打篮球吗？
② What/How about doing sth 做xxx 怎么样？
Eg: What/ How about going swimming 去游泳怎么样？
③ Why not do sth / Why don't you do sth 为什么不xxx呢？
Eg: Why not call her / Why don't you call her 为什么不给她打电话呢？
④ Shall I / we do sth 我（们）做xxx 好吗？
Eg: Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow 我们明天去动物园好吗？
⑤ Let's do sth. 让我们做xxx吧。
Eg: Let's go home. 让我们回家吧。
⑥ You'd better (not) do sth. 你最好（不）做xxx。
Eg: You'd better come. 你最好来。
Eg: You'd better not go there alone. 你最好不要一个人去那儿。
练一练： 1. Let's go shopping after school. ﹦________ ________ going shopping after school
﹦Why not _______ ___________ after school
反身代词：第一二人称的反身代词：形容词性物主代词+self myself, ourselves,yourself,yourselves
第三人称的反身代词：人称代词宾格+self himself,herself, itself, themselves
功能： 在句中充当同位语，用来加强语气；还可以做宾语和表语。
Eg: Two days later, he himself went to London. 两天后，他自己去了伦敦。 (主语同位语)
Eg: You'd better ask Ellen herself. 你最好问Ellen她本人。 （宾语同位语）
Eg: He hurt himself. 他受伤了。 （动词宾语）
Eg: The poor boy was himself. 那个可怜的男孩就是他自己。 （表语）
反身代词经常用于构成固定短语： enjoy oneself, hurt oneself, cut oneself, hit oneself, teach oneself(自学）, help oneself to, dress oneself , by oneself ,look after oneself ......
八下 unit 1 词汇归纳
Section A
█ matter ______________ n. 问题，事情 V. 有关系，要紧
Eg: They have done a lot of work on this matter. 他们在这件事上做了大量的工作。
△ What's the matter （with you） 你怎么了？ 出了什么事？
﹦What's _________ （with you） ﹦What _________ （to you）
△ It doesn't matter. 没关系，不要紧。（用于别人无意做了对你有一些不利或者影响到了你，向你道歉时，回应对方的道歉。）
eg: ----I am really sorry to bring trouble to you. -----______________________.
△ no matter 无论，不管 （后接疑问词，引导让步性状语从句。）
eg: no matter what = whatever 无论什么; no matter when = whenever 无论何时
no matter__________= _______________; no matter__________= _______________
no matter__________= _______________; no matter__________= _______________
eg: No matter what you say, I won't believe you. = _______________ you say, I I won't believe you.
eg: Wherever you go, I will go with you.= _________ _________ ________ you go, I I won't believe you.
█ throat ______________ n. 喉咙
█ sore ______________ adj. 疼痛的，酸痛的（指身体部位发红，发炎的痛或肌肉酸痛）
Eg : I have a sore throat.
█ ache ______________ n. 疼痛 （常用作后缀，构成复合名词，指身体部位，器官较持续的疼痛，常是隐痛）
△ 身体部位+ ache headache ，toothache, earache, backache, heartache, stomachache
Eg：I had a headache yesterday.
△ v. 疼 Eg: My head aches badly. eg: My tooth began to ache.
█ stomach ______________ n. 胃 (pl. ～s ,由于ch读成[k]，所以复数不需加es)
△ stomachache______________ n. 胃疼；腹痛
eg:---__________________________________ 你怎么了？ --_______________________________. 我胃痛。
█ toothache______________ n. 牙痛
eg: __________________________________________________________________. 如果你牙痛，你应该去看牙医。
█ headache ______________ n. 头痛 █ earache n. 耳朵痛
█ have a cold______________ 感冒 ； have a bad cold 重感冒
eg: __________________________. 我感冒了。 __________________________________. 他得了重感冒。
eg: ___________________________________________________. 他们得了重感冒。
█ foot ______________ n. 脚，足 （pl. Feet） █ neck n. 脖子
█ fever ______________ n. 发烧
△ have/catch a fever 发烧 △ have a high/low fever 发高烧/低烧
█ temperature ______________ n. 温度，气温，体温 △ have a temperature 发烧
△ take one's temperature = take the temperature of sb 量体温
█ lie __________ v. 躺，平躺；位于 （pt: __________ ； pp：______________; ving: _______________）
△ lie down 平躺 Δ lie in bed 躺在床上
eg: __________________________________________________________. Peter头痛。他正在床上躺着。
△ n. & v. 撒谎 （pt：____________ ； pp：_______________）
△tell a lie/lies 说谎 △lie to sb 对某人说谎
▲ lay 放置，产卵，下蛋 ；lay--laid---laid---laying
█ rest ____________ n. & v. 放松，休息
△ have/take a rest 休息一会儿
▲ n. 剩余的部分/人/物
△ the rest 剩余部分，余下的人或物
eg: You can carry these two bags and I will bring the rest.
△ the rest of... 其余的......
eg: Does anyone want the rest of the bread
△ the rest of + 不可数名词+ 动词单数 The rest of the money _____(be) used to buy a house.
△ the rest of + 可数名词复数+ 动词复数
Eg: Only one student goes out and the rest (of the students) _________(keep) studying in the classroom.
█ cough ______________ n.& v. 咳嗽
Eg: I couldn't stop coughing.
△ ________________________(短语）咳嗽
█ X-ray______________ n. X射线，X光
△ have/ get an X-ray 拍X光片
█ break ______________ n. 间歇，休息
△ have/ take a break (breaks)休息 eg: Let's take a break.
△ V.打破，打碎 （pt：_________ ; pp: ___________）
Eg: The boy broke the window.
█ hurt _____________ v. (使)疼痛，受伤 （pt：_______； pp：_________） （用于肉体上，精神上的伤害）
△ 身体部位+ hurt 身体某部位疼痛
Eg：My right leg hurts.(vi) 我右腿疼。
△ be/get hurt “ 受伤”
Eg: No one was hurt in the traffic accident. 没有人在交通事故中受伤。
Eg: My left hand got hurt yesterday when I played basketball.
△ hurt + 反身代词/身体部位 ＋ doing sth 做某事时，伤到某人自己或身体部位
Eg: He fell off the bike and hurt himself/ his leg. (vt) 他从自行车上掉下来，伤到了自己/腿受伤了。
Eg: I hurt my arm __________(play) basketball. 打篮球时，我胳膊受伤了。
█ passenger______________ n. 乘客，旅客
█ off ______________ adv. & prep. 离开（某处）；从...去掉； 不工作
△ 动词+off 1.take off 脱掉，起飞 ； 2.turn off 关上，切断（水，电，煤气电源开关）
3.fell off 从...掉下来 ； 4.get off 下车；jump off 从...跳下来;
5.put off 推迟； 6.call off 取消 7.cut off 切断，切除；
△ have + 时间词+ off “休息多长时间”
Eg: Let's have 2 hours off.
█ to one's surprise __________________________让某人吃惊的是
Eg: To my surprise, she can speak Japanese well.
█ onto ______________ prep. 向，朝 （与动词连用，表示朝某处或某位置运动）
Eg: Some passengers helped the driver move the old man onto the bus.一些乘客帮助司机把老人抬到了车上。
█ trouble ______________ n. 问题，苦恼，麻烦 [ U ]
Eg: What's the trouble/ the problem 出什么事了？怎么了？
﹦____________________________________ ﹦____________________________________
△ have trouble/problems/ difficulty with sth 在某方面有麻烦/问题/困难
△ have trouble/problems/ difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有麻烦/问题/困难
Eg: He has trouble with his English. 他在英语方面有困难。
﹦He has trouble __________________________________. 他学习英语有困难。
█ hit___________ v. (用手或器具)击，打 （pt:____________ ; pp: ______________）
Eg: The boy hit the dog with a stick.
△ hit sb on the + 身体部位 （硬，head, nose, shoulder,back）
hit sb in the + 身体部位 （软，face, stomach）
eg: He hit her ________ the back with a bottle.
get hit in/ on the + 身体部位 (by...) 被打中 （此处的hit是_________________）
eg: The boy got hit _______ the face. 这个男孩被打到了脸上。
eg： I got hit _________ the head by a ball.我被一个球打中头部。
█ right away ______________________立刻，马上 △ 同义短语 at once / right now
Eg: Do it right away.
█ get into ______________ 陷入，参与
△ get into trouble 陷入麻烦
Eg: People often don't help others because they don't want to get into trouble.
人们有时候不愿意帮助别人是因为他们不想陷入麻烦。
█ herself ______________ pron. 她自己
eg: ____________________________________________________________. Lily 打排球时伤到了她自己。
Section B
█ bandage______________ n.绷带 v.用绷带包扎
Eg: The nurse put a bandage on the cut. Eg: You'd better bandage his arm first.
█ sick______________ adj. 生病的，有病的 △ sickness n. 疾病
Eg: I feel sick.我感觉不舒服。/我病了。
Eg: a sick man 一个生病的男人 比较： an ill man 一个邪恶的男人
eg: He has to stay at home and take care of his sick father.
█ knee______________ n. 膝盖 Eg: The nurse bandaged his knee.
█ nosebleed______________ n. 鼻出血
△ ______________________________（短语）出鼻血
█ breathe ______________ v. 呼吸 △ ving:________________
Eg: ___________________________ ______________________. 他呼吸有困难。
△ n. breath 呼吸 catch/hold one's breath 屏住呼吸； out of breath/ lose one's breath 喘不过气来
█ sunburned ______________ adj. 晒伤的
Δ be/get sunburned （被）晒伤了
Eg: Her face was badly sunburned. 她的脸被严重晒伤了。
△ sunburn v.& n.晒伤
█ ourselves______________ pron. 我们自己
eg: ___________________________________________________. 我们在聚会上玩得很开心。
█ climber ______________ n. 登山者，攀登者
△ mountain climber △ mountain climbing 爬山（运动）
△ v. climb 攀登，爬山 climb the mountain/ tree 爬山/树
█ be used to ______________习惯于……; 适应于……
△ be/get used to + n./ pron./ving (to介词) (be强调状态，get强调动作)
Eg: I am used to the weather/ food here.我习惯了这里的天气/食物。
Eg: I am used to _______________(get) up early.我习惯早起了。
eg: ___________________________________________________________. 那个胖小子不习惯走路上学。
△ used to do sth 过去常做某事 （现在不做了）
Eg： I used to be fat. 我过去胖。（现在不胖了）
eg: Children used to walk to school. 孩子们过去走路上学。(孩子们现在不走路上学了）
Eg：____________________________________________. 我过去留长头发。(现在头发不长了）
区别： ____________________________________________________. 我现在不习惯留长头发了。
△ be used to do sth / be used for doing sth 被用于做某事
Eg: The knife is used to cut bread/ for cutting bread. 这把刀被用来切面包。
█ risk ______________ n. & v. 风险，冒险
△ take a risk/ risks (doing sth) 冒险(做某事)
Eg： Don't take any risks _____________( drive) so fast. 开车时不要冒险开这么快。
△ risk + n./ pron./ ving
Eg: risk one's life 冒生命的危险； risk one's health 拿健康冒险
Eg: Don't risk ______________(swim) in deep（深的） river.
█ accident ______________ n. （交通）事故，意外
Eg： a car/plane accident 一场车祸/ 飞机事故
△ by accident 偶然地，意外地 Eg: I broke the vase ________ ________. 我不小心打破花瓶。
△ adj. ______________ 意外的，偶然的 △ adv. _________________ 意外地，偶然地
█ situation ______________ n. 情况，状况
△ be in a difficult/ dangerous situation 处于一个困难的/危险的状况
Eg：He is in a difficult situation and doesn't know what to do.
△ get into a difficult /dangerous situation 陷入困难/危险的处境
█ kilo _________ n. 千克，公斤 = kilogram pl: kilos
△ a kilo of ..... 一公斤....; two kilos of ..... 两公斤.....
eg: There __________(be) a kilo of apples in the box.
█ rock ___________ n. 岩石 [U/C]
Eg：a 50-kilo rock 一块50公斤重的岩石 Eg: Rock is hard. 岩石是硬的。
█ run out______________ 用尽，耗尽 （主语为物,后面不能接宾语）
Eg: What will you do if your money runs out.
█ run out of ______________ 用尽，耗尽； 跑出
Eg: I ran out of the money.
Eg：He is very angry and ran out of the room.
比较 My money ran out. 我的钱用光了。
I ran out of money. 我把钱花光了。
█ knife ______________n. 刀 （pl：______________）
█ cut off ______________切除 △ cut down 砍倒;减少 △ cut out 删除
Eg: The climber used a knife to cut off his right arm. 登山者用刀切除了右胳膊。
█ blood ______________ n. 血 [U] △ bloody n. 流血的，血腥的，残忍的 eg: bloody films 血腥的电影
△ bleed v. eg：Her nose is bleeding. 她的鼻子出血了。
█ mean ______________v. 意思是； 打算 （pt：______________ ； pp：______________）
Eg: The red light means “stop”. 红灯就是停止的意思。 eg: What do you mean 你什么意思？
△ mean to do 打算做某事
Eg：I am sorry .I don't mean to hurt you. 对不起，我没打算伤害你。
eg: _______________________________________________. 我打算邀请你吃饭。（invite sb to dinner）
△ mean doing 意味着做某事，意思是做某事
Eg：Getting good grades means working very hard.
eg： I missed the bus. It means having to wait for the next one.
△ adj. 卑鄙的，刻薄的，小气的，低劣的 eg: Don't be so mean to the boy.
△ meaning n. 意思 △ meaningful adj. 有意义的； △ meaningless adj. 没有意义的
█ get out of______________ 从……出来，离开 △ 对应短语 get into 进入，陷入，参与
Eg: I hope to get out of the difficult situation. 我希望能脱离困境。
Eg: It is not easy to get out of a bad habit. 改掉坏习惯是不容易的。
█ importance ______________n. 重要性； 重要 △ ________________ adj. 重要的
△ the importance of ……的重要性 Eg: Do you know the importance of learning English
█ decision ______________ n. 决定，抉择 △ make a decision /decisions 做决定
△ ______________ v. 决定 △ 决定做某事 decide to do = make a decision to do
█ control______________ v. 控制，管理
Eg: control one's feeling 控制某人的感情 ; control oneself 控制自己
Eg: I can not control myself in front of delicious food.面对好吃的，我无法控制自己。
█ be in control of ____________________________掌管，管理
Eg: Ellen is in control of this class. Ellen管理这个班级。
eg: We ourselves are in control of our own lives.
△ be in the control of 在...的掌管下 eg: The class is in the control of Ellen.
█ spirit n. 勇气，意志，精神[U]; 鬼魂，人物 [C]
Eg: They were playing the game in a friendly spirit.他们本着友好的精神比赛。
█ death ______________n. 死，死亡
△ die v.死亡 △ dead adj. 失去生命的 △ dying adj. 奄奄一息的
Eg : The old man ____________(die) two years ago.那个老人两年前去世了。
Eg: He has been__________ for two years. 他已经死两年了。(把这个句子背下来）
Eg: I feel sorry for his ______________. 我对他的死感到很遗憾。
eg: a dead dog ____________________ a dying dog ____________________
█ give up ______________放弃
△ give up + n./ ving (代词做宾语放中间 eg：give it up) Eg: Don't give up hope. 别放弃希望。
Eg： He gave up smoking last month.他上个月戒烟了
eg: ___________________________________. 不要放弃学习英语。
█ nurse___________ n. 护士
八下 Unit 1 短语
What's the matter (with sb) / What's wrong (with sb) / What's the trouble (with sb)
/ What happened (to sb)
have/catch/have got a (bad) cold （重）感冒
have a high/low fever/ temperature 发(高/低)烧
have a cough 咳嗽
have a nosebleed 出鼻血
have a headache/ toothache/ stomachache/ earache/ backache
头痛/ 牙痛/ 胃痛/ 耳朵痛/ 后背痛
take one's temperature 量体温
have a sore throat 嗓子疼
hit sb on/in the + 身体部位 击打某人的身体部位（on后面接较硬的部位，in后面接较软部位）
sb get hit on/in the + 身体部位 某人身体部位被打到 （注意：必须用the)
hurt oneself / 身体部位doing sth 做某事时伤到了自己（或身体部位）
lie down 躺下
13. lie in bed 躺在床上/ 生病卧床
14. tell a lie/lies (to sb) (对某人)说谎 = lie to sb
15. have/take a rest 休息一会儿
the rest of 其余的
get an X-ray 拍个X光片
18. get off 下车
19. get out of ..... 从...出来, 离开
19. have 2 days off 休息两天
20. have /take a break/breaks 休息 （短暂的间歇）
to one's surprise 让某人吃惊的是
have problems/ trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth 在某事有问题/麻烦/困哪
right away/ right now/ at once 立刻，马上 24. get into 陷入，参与
get sunburned 被晒伤 26. mountain climber 登山者，攀登者
be used to + n/ving 习惯于，适应于 28. used to do 过去曾经，经常做某事
be used to do/ for doing 被用于做… 30. take a risk/risks 冒险
risk one's life 冒某人生命危险
32. by accident 意外地，偶然地
in a difficult/dangerous situation 处于困难/危险的状况
run out / run out of 用尽，用光 35. cut off 切除
mean to do 打算做某事 37. mean doing 意味着做某事
get out of 从…出来 39. the importance of ….的重要性
make a decision/ decisions (to do) 决定(做某事) 41. decide to do 决定做某事
be in control of 掌管，管理 43. give up 放弃
44. sound like 听起来像 45. away from 远离
46. go along 沿着….走/行驶
47. see sb do/doing sth看见某人做/正在做
48. without thinking twice 不假思索 49. thanks to 幸亏，由于
50. in time 及时 51. look up 查阅
52. write down 写下 53. be interested in 对…感兴趣
54. lose one's life 失去生命 55. so that 为了
56.keep on doing 继续做某事 57.the same as 和…一样
58. climb down 爬下
59. be ready to do （随时）准备做某事乐意做某事
60. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 61. put some medicine on ...在...上面敷药
62. put a bandage on sth 用绷带包扎 63. shout for help 大声呼救