2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册Unit 5 词汇，短语，语法归纳

八下unit 5 语法归纳
过去进行时：表示在过去的某一时刻或某一段时间所发生的动作。
构成：主语+ be（was/were）+ 现在分词（v+ing）
常用时间状语：1. then, at that time/moment,
2. (at) this time +过去时间，如: at this time yesterday
3. at+ 时间点 + 过去时间， 如: at 8:00 last Friday
4. 其他时间状语： this morning, yesterday afternoon, the whole day yesterday, from seven to nine last night, all day last Sunday……
Eg: I was watching TV then/ at that time.
→ 一般疑问句： Were you watching TV then/at that time
→ 特殊疑问句：---- What were you doing then ----I was watching TV.
Eg: My parents were taking a walk from 7 to 9 last night.
→划线部分提问： What were your parents doing from 7 to 9 last night
Eg: I was doing my homework at this time yesterday.
→否定句： I wasn't doing my homework at this time yesterday.
用when, while引导时间状语从句充当过去的时间点或时间段。
※when引导的从句的谓语动词即可以用持续性动词也可以用短暂性动词。
※while 引导的从句的谓语动词只能用持续性动词。
句型1： 主句从句的两个动作同时持续进行着, 此时只用while.
主句：过去进行时；从句：while + 过去进行时
Eg: While I was doing housework, my daughter was doing her homework.
= My daughter was doing her homework while I was doing housework.
句型 2： 主句的动作进行中的时候，从句的动作突然发生，此时只用when.
主句：过去进行时；从句：when+一般过去时
Eg: We were having dinner when the phone rang.
= When the phone rang, we were having dinner.
Eg: What were you doing when the phone rang
句型 3：从句的动作进行中的时候，主句的动作发生了。
主句：一般过去时；从句：when/while/as/just as+过去进行时
※as也可以引导时间状语从句
Eg: When/While/Asthe children were playing on the playground, it began to rain.
Eg: When/While/As/Just as we were leaving the room, he came in.
口诀： When后可长亦可短，while后面只可长，若是两个都为长，while来把纽带当。
while “然而” 表示意思的转折,对比。eg: He is very tall while his brother is quite short.
过去进行时练习题
1. I _________ (have) my breakfast at half past six yesterday morning.
2. Mary _____ (go) over her lessons from six to seven last night. John and peter ________(do) the same thing.
3. What _____ you ________ (do) at that time We _________ (watch) TV.
4. They _________(not make) a model ship when I saw him.
5. _____ they _______ (have) a meeting at 4 yesterday afternoon
No, they ________. They _________ (clean) the classroom.
6. ______ it __________(rain) when you left school Yes, it ________. (No, it ________)
7. What _____ your father _____ (do) when he was your age
8. One day, Edison ________ (wait) for a train to arrive, and suddenly a little boy ran to the track(轨道) to play.
9. I __________ (write) a letter when the door bell rang.
10. The three of them were in a hurry because their plane _________ (leave) in five minutes.
12. When the bell rang, jenny __________ (wait) in her seat.
13. She ___________ (make) her dress the whole afternoon.
14. While my father ________ (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly _________ (hear) a cry.
15. When I _____ (come) in the room, he ______ (not see) me, for he ___ (read) something.
16. When we _____ (arrive) at the village, it __________ (get) dark and it _________(rain) hard.
17. What ______ your father ______ (do) yesterday evening He ________ (study) at the evening school.
18. When he knocked at the door, my aunt _________ (cook)
19. The students ________ (sing) and __________ (dance) happily on the playground at that time.
20. I __________ (write) a letter when the door bell rang.
八下 unit 5 词汇归纳
█ storm _____________[ ] n. 风暴，暴风雨
▲ rainstorm 暴风雨 snowstorm 暴风雪 sandstorm 沙尘暴
█ alarm_____________ [ ] n. 闹钟，警报 = alarm clock
▲fire alarm 火警 ▲ set an alarm clock 设闹钟
█ go off ____________________ 1.（闹钟）发出响声； 2. 变质； 3.爆炸
eg: I set an alarm clock this morning, but it didn't go off.
eg： The milk has gone off.
eg: The bomb will go off in 3 hours.
█ begin _____________[ ] v. 开始 ▲pt.__________pp._____________
eg: When will the movie begin （vi.）
eg: Let's begin our class. （vt.）
▲ _____________ n. 开始 the beginning of ... ...的开始/开头
▲ _____________ n. 初学者，新手
▲ begin to do/doing =start to do/doing 开始做某事
eg: I began to learn/ learning English when I was a middle school student.
█ heavily _____________[ ] adv. 在很大程度上；大量地；厉害地
eg: It rained heavily. eg: He smokes heavily.
▲ heavy adj. 重， 严重
█ suddenly _____________[ ] adv. 突然
eg: Suddenly, there was a loud noise. eg: He stood up suddenly.
▲ sudden adj. 突然的，突发的 eg: sudden death/change
▲ sudden n. 突发之事 ▲ all of a sudden 突然 （=suddenly）
█ strange_____________ [ ] adj. 奇怪的 eg: He is a strange boy.
▲ strangely adv. 奇怪地，异常地 eg: The house was strangely quiet.
▲ stranger n. 陌生人
█ wind_____________ [ ] n. 风 ▲ _________ adj. 有风的
eg: The wind is blowing.
eg： a strong wind/ strong winds 强风
█ pick up_____________________ 1.拿起，捡起 2.接电话 3.（用交通工具）接人
eg： Pick up your socks.
eg: Someone is calling you.Are you going to pick up
eg: Be sure to pick me up early.
█ light_____________ [ ] n.光，光线，光亮 [U]； 电灯[C]；打火机[C]
eg: There was no light outside. eg: Turn on the light.
▲ adj. 浅的，轻的，亮的，轻松的，少量的
eg: This box is lighter than that one.
eg: Girls like light blue. eg: some light housework
▲ v. 点燃 light-lighted-lighted; light-lit-lit
█ report_____________ [ ] n./v.报告，公布
▲___________ n. 记者
eg: A reporter is reporting the news. Have you heard of the report about it
▲ It is reported that..... 据报道.... (It is said/believed/reported that.....)
█ area _____________[ ] n.地域，地区，面积
eg: no-smoking area 无烟区； a picnic area 野餐区； fishing area 钓鱼区
eg: China has an area of about 9,600,000 square kilometers.
█ wood _____________[ ] n.木头，木 eg: The desk is made of wood.
▲ woods 树林 in the woods 在树林里
▲ wooden adj. 木制的(通常做定语）；呆板的，僵硬的，木讷的
eg：a wooden chair/bridge/box eg: The actor playing the father was too wooden.
█ window _____________[ ] n.窗户
█ flash light ______________________[ ] n.手电筒，火炬
█ match _____________[ ] n.火柴； 比赛
eg: Don't play with matches. eg: The football match is wonderful.
▲ v.搭配；与...相称
eg: The tie matches your skirt well. eg: Match the words with the pictures.
█ beat_____________ [ ] v. 敲打 ▲ beat-beat-beaten
eg: beat a drum eg: His heart was beating fast when he won the prize.
▲ 赢得，获胜，打败 1. beat＋人（竞争对手或球队等） 2. win ＋战争，奖牌，比赛，游戏
eg: Chinese team ________ all the other teams and _________the game.
█ against_____________ [ ] prep. 倚，撞，反对，对抗,预防，抵御
eg: He is standing against the wall.
eg: I am against ________(smoke) in the public. （对应词：_______ prep.支持）
Eg: Are you for or against the plan
▲ beat against 敲打，击打 eg: The rain beats against the windows.
█ asleep _____________[ ] adj. 睡着 ▲对应词：______________
▲ be asleep 睡着（强调状态，可以持续） ▲ fall asleep 睡着（强调动作，是瞬间动词）
eg: My father fell asleep while he was reading newspapers.
eg: The baby is asleep. Be quiet, please.
Eg: How long has he _______ (A. been asleep B. Fallen asleep)
█ die down_____________________ 逐渐变弱，消失（指火势由强到弱，植物慢慢枯萎，风声，雨声，掌声，战争，愤怒等由强到弱）
eg: The fire/wind is dying down. eg: The bus died down at the bus station.
▲ die out 熄灭，灭绝 (不复存在）
eg: This kind of bird died out in the world.
█ rise _____________[ ] vi. 升起，增加，提高 （客观，非人为的） ▲pt.________ pp.________
eg: The sun is rising in the east. eg: Prices are rising.
▲ 区别： raise [ ] vt. 抬起，举起，筹集，抚养
eg: raise the desk/your hand eg: raise money eg: raise children/ cows.....
█ fallen_____________ [ ] adj. 跌倒的，落下的
eg: fallen trees/houses/leaves
▲ fall vi. 落下，掉下 → ▲pt.________ pp.________
eg: Snow is falling fast.
fall down （from）倒塌，倒下，滑倒
eg: Babies often fall down when they learn to walk.
eg: The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down.
fall off 跌落；从...掉下来
eg: He fell off the bike. ﹦fell down from the bike.
fall over 跌倒，绊倒 （强调向前跌倒，摔倒）
eg: She fell over a cat in the hallway.
fall into 落入 eg: He fell into the river.
fall on ＋时间词 发生在...时间;适逢 eg: My birthday falls on a Monday this year.
fall behind sb/sth 落后，落在...后面 eg: He fell behind other students.
█ apart _____________[ ] adv. 分离，分开
eg: Our homes are two miles apart.我们的家两英里远。
eg: He lives apart from his parents.他和父母分开住。
▲break...apart 把...分开
eg: The earthquake broke many families apart.
▲apart from.... 除了 （相当于except,besides,except for）
Eg: I didn't eat anything all day, apart from a hamburger.
eg: Apart from the ending, it is really a good film.
Eg: Apart from her house in London, Ellen also has a villa in Japan.(做梦吧？）
█ have a look_____________________ 看一看
eg: May I have a look at your new watch
█ icy _____________[ ] adj. 冰冷的，覆盖着冰的 ▲ ice n. 冰
eg: The road was icy after the snow. eg: icy water/wind
█ kid _____________[ ] n.孩子 ； v.开玩笑，欺骗
eg: He is just a kid. Don't be angry with him.
eg: He is just kidding.
█ realize_____________ [ ] v. 理解，领会； 认识到，实现
eg: I realized that I made a big mistake.
eg: I hope that you can realize your dream. (人＋realize)
= I hope that your dream can come true. (物＋come true)
█ make one's way to __________________________前往...; 费力地前行
eg: When the rainstorm came, I was making my way to school.
█ passage_____________ [ ] n. 章节，段落； 通道，走廊
Eg: Read the following passage and answer the questions.
█ pupil_____________ [ ] n. 小学生 eg: You are no longer a pupil.
█ completely _____________ [ ] adv. 完全地，彻底地
eg: He is completely wrong.
▲ complete adj. 完整的 ; v.完成（相当于finish）
eg: a complete story
eg：It is not easy for him to complete _______(build)the house in a week..
█ shocked _____________[ ] adj. 受震惊的，惊愕的
eg: We were too shocked to say a word.
▲be shocked at/by sth
Eg: He was shocked at/by the bad news/what happened to his son.
▲ be shocked to do
eg: He is shocked to hear the news. = It shocked him to hear the news. (shock v.）
Eg: Tom was shocked to see her again.=___________________________________________
▲ shocking adj. ；令人震惊的 eg: a shocking accident
▲ shock v. 震惊，冲击 ; n. 意外的事件/情况 (一般用单数）;震惊
eg: It shocked me that the bank had closed.
eg:The news of his death was a shock to us.
eg: He was shaking with shock.
█ silence _____________ [ ] n. 沉默，缄默
▲ in silence eg: Everyone is waiting in silence/silently.
▲ adj. silent 沉默的 ▲ keep silent 保持沉默 ▲ keep silence 保持安静=be quiet
▲ adv. silently 沉默地
█ recently _____________ [ ] adv. 最近，不久前 （=lately）
▲常用于现在完成时
eg:I have been very busy recently.
▲ recent adj. 近来的，不久前的 in recent years 近几年来
█ take down _____________ 拆除，记录下
eg: He took down the old house.
eg: Students took down what the teacher said.
█ terrorist _____________[ ] n.恐怖分子
eg: I was shocked to see what the terrorists had done.
█ date _____________ [ ] n. 日期，日子; 约会；椰枣
▲ the date of birth （=birthday）
▲ --What's the date today -- It's Dec. 25th.
▲ have a date with sb 和某人约会 eg: I've got a date with Lucy tomorrow.
▲ blind date 初次约会
█ tower _____________[ ] n. 塔，塔楼 eg: Eiffel Tower 埃菲尔铁塔
█ at first 最初，起初，首先
█ truth _____________ [ ] n. 实情，事实
▲ tell the truth 说实话 eg: Please tell the truth.
▲ to tell the truth 老实说 eg: To tell the truth, I have no idea what the truth is .
▲ true adj. 真实的 false 虚假的 eg: a true story eg: That can't be true.
▲ truly adv. 真正地，真诚地 eg: You must speak truly.
▲ truthful adj. 真实的，诚实的 eg: a truthful answer 一个诚实的回答