2021-2022学年人教版八年级英语下册Unit 4词汇，短语，语法归纳

八下 unit 4语法总结
should & could
█ 1.should表示劝告，建议，意为“应该”
eg: You shouldn't shout back to your mother. You should say sorry to her.
Eg: We should be polite to the teachers.
2 Should 表示推测,预期的事
Eg: It should be a nice day tomorrow.
Eg: China should win the match.
█ 1. could表示过去的能力，can的过去式
Eg: Could you swim at the age of 7 --Yes, I could.
2 表示谨慎，客气的建议。意为“可以”
Eg: Could you go and buy some food --- Sorry, I can't. (回答不能用could，可以用can.)
状语从句：句中的状语是由一个句子来充当。
种类:　时间，原因，结果，条件，结果，目的，让步，伴随 ，方式，比较等状语从句。
█ until 引导时间状语从句，意为“直到…为止”。由例句可以得知，主语中的谓语动词一般为＿＿＿＿＿动词。
Eg: I lived in Japan until 2012.
Eg: I kept doing my homework until my mother came back.
Eg: I will wait here until he comes back.
eg:_________________________________________________________. 我一直睡到下午三点。
not until 引导时间状语从句，意为“直到…才”，由例句可以得知，主语中的谓语动词一般为＿＿＿＿＿动词。
Eg: The boy didn't go to bed until his mother came back.
Eg: Students don't stop talking until the teacher comes in.
eg:_________________________________________________________. 直到他告诉我，我才知道这个消息。
█ so that/ in order that引导目的状语从句，意为“为的是…”.
Eg: I get up early so that / in order that I can catch the early bus.
= I get up early to /in order to /so as to catch the early bus.
2. so…that… 通常引导结果状语从句， 意为“如此…;以致于…”
Eg： He got up so late that he didn't catch the early bus.
eg：He was so angry that he could not say a word.
█ so ...that...句型（如此....以至于.....)和其它句型的变换
1.当从句主语和主句主语一致，且that从句是肯定句时，该句型可以转换成 “...enough to do sth”（必须会）
eg: The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.
= The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.
eg: He is so clever that he can solve the math problem easily.
= _____________________________________________________________________________.
2.当主句的主语和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时,该句型可以转换成 “...enough for sb to do sth” (注意：不定式的宾语要省略） (了解即可）
eg: The question is so easy that I can work it out.
= The question is easy enough for me to work out.
Eg: He runs so slowly that I can catch up with him easily.
= _______________________________________________________________
3.当从句主语和主句主语一致，且that从句是否定句时，该句型可以转换成 “too... to do sth”　（必须会）
eg: The girl is so young that she can not dress herself.
= The girl is too young to dress herself.
eg: The man is so old that he can not walk very fast.
= _____________________________________________________________________.
当主句的主语和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是否定句时,该句型可以转换成 “too... for sb to do sth" (注意：不定式的宾语要省略）　（最好会）
eg: The bag is so heavy that she can not move it.
= The bag is too heavy for her to move.
eg: He runs so fast that I can not catch up with him.
﹦___________________________________________________________________.
so that 句型中，so提前置于句首时，句子半倒装
Eg: He is so cute that everybody likes him.
﹦ So cute is he that everybody likes him.
Eg: He works so hard that he finally passed the exam.
→ so hard________ ________ _________ that he finally passed the exam.
█ although/though 引导的让步状语从句：“即使，尽管” (注意：不能与but连用）
eg: Although/Though they are poor, they are still happy.
= They are still happy although they are poor.
eg:___________________________________________________________. 尽管他很年轻，他懂很多。
※ though还是副词，放在句末，意为“不过，可是"
eg: It is hard work. I like it though.
█ Why don't you do sth / Why not do sth 表示委婉地商量或给对方建议。译为“你为什么不做....呢？”
eg: Why don't you talk to your parents / Why not talk to your parents 为什么不和父母谈谈呢？
其它表示建议的表达：
What about/How about doing ... Let's do....
Would you like to do... Shall we do....
Could /Would/Can/Will you please do... You'd better do....
八下 unit 4 词汇归纳
█ allow [ ] v. 允许，准许
▲ allow doing sth 允许做某事
eg：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿． 我们不允许在这吸烟。
▲ allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
eg: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．　我父母不允许我在外面待到很晚。
▲ sb be allowed to do sth 某人被允许做某事
eg: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．我不被允许在外面待到很晚。
※ allow ＆ let ： allow比let语气强
▲区别：　let sb do 让某人做某事 ; allow sb to do 允许某人做某事
█ wrong [ ]adj. 错误的， 有毛病的
eg: Your answer is wrong.
▲ What's wrong with ... ...怎么了？
▲ wrong right／correct 　指单纯的对或错，由于不知道，不小心而错
▲ false true　　　　　　 指虚假/真实的。如：信息。指人为的，主观的
█ midnight [ ] n. 半夜；午夜
▲ _____ midnight 在半夜(在夜里12点）
▲ before/ after midnight 午夜前/后
※ midday 中午，正午 eg: midday sun 正午烈日
█ look through 浏览，快速看
eg: My father looks through newspaper while （he is) having breakfast.
█ guess [ ] n./v. 猜测，估计;想，认为
▲guess ＋名词，代词，复合结构，宾语从句
eg: He guessed the answer at once.
eg: I guess him to be about 50.
eg:I guess (that)he is right. 我想他是对的。
▲ guess at sth 猜一猜
eg: Let's guess （at） the meaning of the word. Eg: I can guess (at) his age.
口语：▲ --Is he married ---I guess so/ not. 我想是吧。/我想还没有。
▲ Guess what！ 猜猜看！你猜怎么着？(引起听话人的注意）
▲You'll never guess....
eg: You'll never guess who I saw today. 你永远也猜不到我今天见到谁了。
█ deal [ ]n. 交易，协议
▲ a big deal 重要的事，大事
eg： It is not a big deal. 没什么大不了的
▲１. a great/good deal of 大量的 （修饰不可数名词）
２.a good many of 大量的 （修饰可数名词）
Eg: She seems to have ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ money.她似乎有很多钱。
eg: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿students take after-school classes.很多学生参加课后班。
▲ deal with 处理 常与疑问词how连用
do with 处理 常与疑问词what连用
eg: ＿＿＿＿＿＿are you going to deal with the money 　你打算如何处理这笔钱？
eg: ＿＿＿＿＿＿are you going to do with the milk 　　你打算怎么处理在牛奶？
█ work out 解决，成功地发展，制定出（计划，安排等）
eg: I can not work out the problem. 我不能解决这个问题。
eg： Hope things work out. 希望事情发展顺利。
█ get on/along with 与...相处； 和睦相处
eg: Do you get along with your family
▲ get on/along well with 与...相处得很好
eg:________________________________________________________________. 我不能和我的同学相处得很好。
█ relation [ ] n. 关系，联系； 亲戚
eg: family relation ; business relation
eg: China is improving relations with other countries.
eg: There is no relation between he and me.
▲ relate v. 联系，涉及　　　　
█ communication [ ]n. 交流；沟通
eg: Try to have more communication with your parents.
▲ communicate v. 交流；沟通
▲communicate with sb.... 和某人交流
eg:_____________________________________________________________________.我不太擅长与别人交流。
█ argue [ ] v. 争吵；争论
eg: My patents often argue.
▲ argue with sb ▲ argue over/about sth
▲ argue with sb about/over sth
eg: ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．他们经常关于家务活互相（each other)争吵。
▲ n. ____________ ▲ have an argument with sb 和某人争吵
█ cloud [ ]n. 云朵，云 ▲ ____________ adj. 多云的
█ elder [ ] adj. 年长的 n.长辈，老人
▲ elder brother/sister 哥哥/姐姐
eg： My elder brother is four years older than me.
eg: Mary is the elder of the twins.
█ instead [ ] adv. 代替； 反而；却（一般用于句首或句末）
eg: He was ill,so I went instead. (句末）
eg: I didn't call her. Instead, I wrote to her.（句首，用逗号和后面的句子分开）
▲ instead of 代替
eg： I wrote to her instead of calling her.
eg:1.______________________________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________________________
我没给妈妈买礼物，而是给她制作了一张卡片。
█ whatever [ ] pron. 无论什么；任何; adj. 无论如何的
▲ whatever = no matter what 引导让步性状语从句
eg: Whatever you say, I won't believe you.
﹦_______ ________ ___________ you say, I won't believe you.
▲引导名词性从句(此时不能与no matter what 转换）（最好了解，高中内容）
eg: His mother will buy him whatever he wants.
eg: The children are allowed to do whatever they like.
█ nervous [ ] adj. 紧张的，焦虑的
eg: I feel nervous whenever there is an exam.
▲ be nervous about .... 对....感到紧张
Eg: _____________________________________________________. 我对我的未来感到焦虑。
▲ n. nerve 神经，勇气 ---- have the nerve to do sth 有胆量/勇气做某事 (了解即可）
▲ adv. 紧张地 _____________
█ offer [ ] v. 主动提出；自愿给与
△offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 给某人提供...
eg: He offered me a seat. 他给我让了一个座儿。﹦＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．
eg: I offered them some tickets. 我给了他们一些票。﹦＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．
△ offer to do 提议/提供做某事
eg: He offered to drive me to the airport.他提出送我去机场。
eg: _________________________________________________________. 我主动提出帮妈妈做家务。
▲provide 提供，供给
provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
eg: That school provide students with the best education.
﹦＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿．
█ proper [ ] adj. 正确的，恰当的
eg:It is not proper to speak with your mouth full.
▲ _____________ adj.不正确的，不恰当的
▲adv. properly _____________ 不正确地，不恰当地
eg: Neither of the hats fits me ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿（proper）.
█ secondly [ ] adv. 第二；其次
▲用于列举 eg: First/Firstly,....... Second/ Secondly,......finally.....
█ explain [ ] v. 解释
▲ explain sth to sb = explain to sb sth
eg: Can you explain the meaning of the word to us
▲ n. explanation 解释
█ clear [ ] adj. 清楚易懂的
eg: The teacher's explanation is very clear.
▲ 清澈的，透明的; 晴朗的
eg: clear water ； clear eyes； clear box； clear glass； a clear blue sky ; ________(介词）a clear day
▲ clearly adv. 清楚的，清晰的
eg: I can not see the blackboard ___________（clear）.
█ copy [ ] v. 抄袭；复印 n. 复制品，副本，一份
eg: It is improper to copy others' homework.
eg: Could you copy this letter for me, please eg: May I have a copy of it
█ return [ ] v.归还；返回
▲return to/from ＋地点 = go/come back to 回到..../ 从...回来
eg： When will you return to Changchun.
eg: He returned from Japan last week.=______________________________________________________________.
▲ return sth to sb = return sb sth 把...还给某人 = give back
eg: He didn't return me the money. =____________________________________________
=____________________________________________
※ 注意 return不能与back连用。
▲ n. 归来，归还; 回报
eg: a return ticket 往返票
eg: I am looking forward to your return from Japan.
△ in return （for) 作为.....的回报 eg： What can I do in return for your kindness
█ anymore [ ] adv. 再也（不）
▲常用于否定句和疑问句中，与not连用: not anymore = no more
eg: I will not go there any more.= I will no more go there .
▲ not any longer = no longer 不再 （强调时间意义上的不再）
eg: He is not a teacher any longer. = He is no longer a teacher.
eg: _________________________________________ = ___________________________________. 我不再住那儿了。
█ member [ ] n.成员
eg：family member 家庭成员
▲ a member of eg He is a member of the school soccer club.
█ pressure [ ] n. 压力
eg: the pressure of work/life/family 　　　　 eg: blood pressure
▲under pressure 在压力之下
eg：Can you work well under pressure
▲ v. 按，压____________
█ compete [ ] v.竞争；对抗
▲ compete with 和...竞争 ▲ compete for 比赛， 夺取...
eg: He competes ________ the first prize _______ his classmates.
▲ _______________ n. 比赛，竞赛 eg: singing competition
█ opinion [ ] n.意见，看法
eg:Everyone seems to have a different opinion.
▲ in one's opinion 在某人看来
eg: In my opinion, children should help out with chores around the house.
█ skill [ ] n.技巧；技艺
eg: reading/ writing/learning skills
▲________________adj. 熟练的 ▲ _______________adv. 熟练地，巧妙地
█ typical [ ] adj. 典型的
eg：Keiko is a typical Japanese woman.
▲ type n. 类型；v. 打字
eg: What type of girl do you like eg: Can you type this letter for me
▲ typist n. 打字员
█ football [ ] n. 足球 ▲ _____________英式足球
█ cut out 删除（常指删除文章，报刊，杂志的部分内容）
eg: Cut out the unimportant parts of the article.
▲cut out “停止，裁剪”
eg: The doctor told him to cut out smoking. (﹦_________________)
eg: She cut out a paper doll.
▲ cut up______________ cut down____________________; cut off_____________________
█ quick [ ] adj.快速的 ▲　___________ adv.
eg: have a quick meal; have a quick look
eg: Come on! Quick! eg: The quicker, the better!
█ continue [ ] v. 持续，继续
eg: The show will continue for 3 hours.
▲ continue to do 继续做某事（继续做不同的事） ▲ continue doing继续做某事（继续做同一事）
▲continue with 继续....
eg: Are you going to continue ___________(介词）the work
eg: I will continue___________( work） until 60.
█ compare [ ] v.比较，对比
▲ compare ...with.... 和...比较
eg: Some parents always like to compare their children with other children.
▲ compare ...to.... 把...比成....
eg: Children are often compared to flowers.
█ crazy [ ] adj. 疯狂的，不理智的 ▲ 近义词 mad
eg: The neighbours thought that he was crazy. eg: a crazy idea
▲ be crazy/mad about 对...痴迷 eg: She is crazy about music.
█ push [ ] v.推 ▲ 对应词_____________
eg： Don't push! eg: Push the door.
▲ push sb 推/逼迫某人 eg: Don't push children too hard.
█ cause [ ] v. 引起，造成
eg： What caused his illness
▲cause sb sth 给某人带来/引起....
eg: I am sorry for causing you so much trouble.
▲ cause sb to do 导致某人做某事
eg: What caused him to change his mind
▲ the cause of ...的起因 区别：the reason for.... ...的原因
eg： Smoking is the cause ______ his illness.
eg: Getting up late is the reason _______ my being late.
█ usual[ ] adj. ▲ _____________ adv.
eg: It is usual to wear jeans to the party.
▲ as usual 像往常一样
eg：He was late for school yesterday as usual.
█ perhaps [ ] adv. 可能，也许
▲常用于句首，表达不十分确定的观点。近义词：maybe
eg: Perhaps you are right.
▲四个可能： probably, possibly, perhaps, maybe
八下 Unit 4 短语
１.get enough sleep 有足够的睡眠
2. have free time 有自由时间
扩：have time to do sth有做某事的时间; have a good time doing做某事很开心
allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
扩：allow doing允许做某事；　　sb be allowed to do 某人被允许做某事
4.hang out (with sb) (和...) 闲逛　　５.after-school classes 课后班 6.talk about 谈论
not...until 直到...才... 8.go to sleep 睡着，入睡
get into fight/have a fight 打架 ，吵架 10. on the phone 在电话上
so that 以至于 扩：　so…that… 如此．．．以至于．．．
12. look through 浏览 13.give back= return 归还
14.be angry with sb 生某人的气　扩：be angry at/about sth 对．．．．事感到生气
a big deal 大事 16. What's wrong 哪儿不舒服？怎么了
work out 解决，成功地发展 18.get on/along with 和睦相处
hang over 笼罩 20. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
explain sth to sb 给某人解释某事
22. mind doing 介意做某事　　　　　扩：mind sb's doing 介意某人做某事
all the time 一直，总是 24.not anymore= no more 不再
compete with sb 与某人竞争 扩：compete for sth 为．．．竞争
26. cut out 删除，戒除 27.get into a university/college 进入一所大学
all kinds of 各种 pare with 和...比较
compare to 把...比作.... 31study for the exams/tests 为...而学习
try doing sth 尝试做某事 33. try to do sth 尽力做某事
turn on /off 打开/关闭（电源，水，煤气...）
35.for the first time 第一次
36. in one's opinion 依某人看来