2022届高考英语短文改错专项训练课件（20张PPT）

(共20张PPT)
短文改错
2019-2021年高考全国卷短文改错考点统计表
考点 题量 试卷 动词 名词 形容词 和副词 代词 连(接)词 介词 冠词 数词
2021 全国甲卷 3 1 2 2 1 1 0 0
全国乙卷 4 1 2 1 1 1 0 0
2020 全国Ⅰ卷 3 1 2 1 2 0 1 0
全国Ⅱ卷 1 1 2 1 3 2 0 0
全国Ⅲ卷 3 1 2 1 2 0 1 0
2019 全国Ⅰ卷 1 2 3 1 2 0 1 0
全国Ⅱ卷 1 1 5 0 1 1 0 1
全国Ⅲ卷 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
[考情分析]
从近三年的高考全国卷可见,短文改错的体裁以记叙文为主,少数为应用文,词数在100词左右,题材主要来源于贴近考生生活的常见话题。短文改错题的考查覆盖面较广,主要从词法、句法、习惯搭配、句型结构及行文逻辑等方面考查学生在语篇中综合运用英语的准确性。
考点一 动词
　　动词的考点主要涉及谓语动词时态和语态形式的选择、非谓语动词的适当形式以及动词搭配、并列结构中后面动词的形式、及物动词和不及物动词的正确运用、情态动词和will(would),shall(should)等助动词后面的动词形式的选择、主谓一致、虚拟语气(如从句需用虚拟语气而没用)等。
[典例1] They kept very much to themselves.(2021·全国甲卷)
答案及解析:kept改为keep　结合前文可知,文章的时态用一般现在时。所以此处的kept改为keep。
[典例2] Also,it gives our parents more time to do what they are
like and it improves the family relationship.(2021·全国乙卷)
答案及解析:删掉are　根据句意可知,此处表达“去做他们喜欢的事情”,like意为“喜欢”,作动词,因此are多余,故将are删掉。
考点二 名词
　　名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题、可数名词和不可数名词混用、名词与形容词或动词误用等。
[典例1] Many students say they will talk to their friend or
classmates because they’re of the same age and can understand
each other.(2021·全国甲卷)
答案及解析:friend改为friends　考查名词复数。friend“朋友”为可数名词,结合句中their,所以此处要用复数。
[典例2] I always assist my parents in doing the dish after meals.
(2021·全国乙卷)
答案及解析:dish改为dishes　考查名词复数。do the dishes为固定搭配,意为“洗餐具;洗碗碟”。
考点三 形容词和副词
　　形容词和副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词等)、同义或近义形容词与副词之间的混用等。
[典例1] ...,we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
(2021·全国甲卷)
答案及解析:mostly改为most　考查副词。副词mostly,意为“大多数”;
most意为“最”,此处指最相信的人,指程度。故mostly改为most。
[典例2] ...,doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation
from study.(2021·全国乙卷)
答案及剖析:mentally改为mental　考查形容词。修饰名词relaxation需要用形容词。
考点四 代词
　　代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性和单复数的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾格变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。
[典例1] Only a little choose to deal with the problems on our
own.(2021·全国甲卷)
答案及解析:little改为few;our改为their　在一个句子中考查两处代词。结合上文可知,此处指一些学生,应用a few代指。a little代指不可数名词。短语on one’s own,意为“独自”,结合句意可知,此处指学生们独自完成,所以要用代词their。
[典例2] That’s our view on housework.(2021·全国乙卷)
答案及解析:our改为my　考查人称代词。根据上下文可知,本文描述的是作者自己的看法。故将our改为my。
考点五 连接词
连接词的考查主要涉及两个方面。一方面是对表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的并列连词的考查;另一方面是对从属连词(比如从句中连接词的误用与漏用等)的考查。
[典例1] I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own
bedroom whatever necessary.(2021·全国乙卷)
答案及解析:whatever改为whenever　考查连接词。此处表达“我也会在任何必要的时候打扫自己的卧室”,所以用whenever(无论何时)引导让步状语从句。
[典例2] First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
答案及解析:but改为and　考查并列连词。谓语动词cut和put是并列关系,不是转折关系。
考点六 介词
　　介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配错误、常用介词的基本用法错误、习语中的介词误用等。
[典例] Then I can spare some time to learn it again,so that we
can practice together on every day.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
答案及解析:删掉on　考查介词。every day译为“每一天”,是名词短语作状语,前面不需要加介词。故on多余,应删掉。
考点七 冠词
　　冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括a与an的区别)。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。
[典例] Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan
together.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
答案及解析:在pan前面加the　考查冠词。此处特指上文提到的pan。
考点八 数词
　　数词的考查主要涉及基数词变序数词和基数词的复数。其中基数词变序数词是考查的重点内容。
[典例] Then,when I was in the five grade,I wanted to be a teacher
because I liked my English teacher too(too→very/so) much.
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
答案及解析:five改为fifth　考查序数词。“在几年级”中的数词需要用序数词。故将five改为fifth。
对点演练
1.See you sooner.(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
答案及解析:
1.sooner改为soon　考查副词。see you soon意为“再见”,为固定搭配。
2.My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our
family.(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)
答案及解析:
2.concerning改为concerned　考查形容词。be concerned with意为“关心”,固定搭配。
3.I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)
答案及解析:
3.unless改为until/till　考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句,表示“直到……”。应使用until/till。
4.Then I can spare some time to learn it again,such that we can
practice together...(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)
答案解剖析:
4.such改为so　考查连词。so that意为“以便;为了”,引导目的状语
从句。
5.First,I wanted to be a fireman,whose uniform looked so coolly.
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)
答案解剖析:
5.coolly改为cool　考查形容词。此处作表语要用形容词。
6.In my opinion,students can benefit a lot doing some housework.
(2021·全国乙卷)
答案及解析:
6.在a lot后加from　考查介词。固定短语“benefit...from...”意为“从……中获益”。
7.Firstly,doing housework was helpful for us to be a responsible person.
(2021·全国乙卷)
答案及解析:
7.was改为is　考查时态。根据“上下文时态一致原则”可知,此处时态应该和全文保持一致,句子应使用一般现在时。故将was改为is。
8.Their answers also show that they dislike talk to others.
(2021·全国甲卷)
答案及解析:
8.talk改为talking　考查非谓语动词。dislike doing sth.,意为“不喜欢做某事”,doing为动词-ing形式作宾语,用于描述一种习惯性动作。
9.Some will turn out to their parents or teachers for help.
(2021·全国甲卷)
答案及解析:
9.删掉out　考查固定短语。固定短语turn to sb.for help,意为“向某人求助”,所以此处删掉out。
　　短文改错是目前高考英语(除新高考外)的必考题型。该题型旨在考查学生对错误的发现、判断、纠正能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。根据短文改错题的命题规律和考生答题时所暴露的问题,建议考生在复习过程中注意使用以下四个步骤和相应的做题方法:
1.四个步骤
2.做题方法
Passage 1
(2021·陕西咸阳高三一模)
　　In China,good family spirits,passing down from one generation to another,have a strong influence on their child.Up till now,my grandfather and father always stressed the importance of honesty,bravery,perseverance and diligence.Most important,they often set good examples to me.And thus I always follow which they have taught me.For example,be friendly to others and offer a help when others are in need.Beside,I am positive all the time but never stop chasing my goal whenever I come across difficulties.Thanks for those good family spirits,both my life and study runs smoothly.
专题训练
Passage 2
(2021·成都高三第一次诊断性检测)
　　Last summer I decided to get my first job.This was possible one of the hardest tasks.For me,it was another step moved from a dependent child to a fairly independent adult.I had never hold a job before because of my parents wanted me to focus on school.So I had never worked the day in my life.At first,it is extremely tough.I sent applications hoping to get my first couple of choice.Yet I got neither calls or emails.Luckily,halfway through the third week I finally got a call.It was not my first choice,but we could not say no.And after the interview,I was more than ready start working the following Monday.
Thanks