【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十四 阅读理解之推理判断题 （原卷版）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
阅读理解题是历年各地高考中的必考项目，阅读理解题能考查出学生对英语语言的综合运用能力。其中，推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，推断出文章的隐含意义。做推理判断题时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，然后用已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
主要考查：对文章细节的推断；作者写作意图推断；作者观点态度推断；文章来源和读者对象推断；隐含意义的推断。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
在做阅读理解中的推理判断题需要注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”的想法，要抛开个人的主观看法，要认真体会文章作者的观点、意图。
一、对文章细节的推断
细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（做出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。
主要设题方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that________.
The author strongly suggests that________
It can be concluded from the passage that________.
The writer implies but not directly states that________
The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that________
The writer talked about ... Because he thought________
二、作者写作意图推断
写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
主要设题方式有：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to__________
The writer of the story wants to tell us that____________
The fact... Is mentioned by the author to show__________
The author writes the last paragraph in order to________________。
三、作者观点态度推断
观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别，关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。
主要设题方式有:
The attitude of the author towards something is______________
The writer of the passage seems to think that________________
What's the author's opinion on...
What do we know about sb. in the passage
Somebody can be said___________.
What does the author think about...
四、文章来源和读者对象推断
推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号人座，选出正确的答案。
1. 报纸前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
2. 广告因其用词和格式特殊，客易辨认。
3. 产品说明器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用 。需要指出的是：有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。如果内客是发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普 杂志上。
主要设题方式有：
This passage would be most likely to be found in____________
The passage is probably taken out of _____________
Where does this text probably come from
Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from
The text is intended for_________________.
五、隐含意义的推断
对隐含意义的推测是阅读理解中难度较大的一类考点。所谓推断隐含意义，就是要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出合乎情理的推理与判断，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。对隐含意义的推测属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解，同学们在做这类题目时，一定要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词句，然后利用自己的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
主要设题方式有：
1．Which of the following might have happened afterwards
2．The paragraph (following the passage) will most probably be_________.
3．We can conclude from the passage that_________.
4．Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage
六、做推理判断题的五大技巧
1. 抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理 抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 整合全文(段)信息进行推断 有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行推断 几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度 作者的思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论 逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
【温馨提示】
1. 根据题干定位细节，进行分析。
2. 分析作者或人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法；推断语气、性格等。
3. 通过文中所列事物感受作者想表达、传递的信息。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 全国乙卷 阅读理解 B篇）
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机).
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact, plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)-only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
24) What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25) What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
26) What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games.
B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
27) What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
2.（2021年高考 全国乙卷阅读理解 C篇）
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreign viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse, " a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, " Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28) What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29) Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30) What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming. B. Disturbing C Refreshing D. Challenging.
31) Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
3.（2021年高考 新高考I卷 阅读理解 D篇）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32) What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person's positive qualities.
33) Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34) What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35) What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
4.（2018年高考 全国II卷 阅读理解 C篇）
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 4 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28) What is the Common Sense Media report probably about
A. Children’s reading habits. B. Quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships.
29). Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30) Why do many parents limit electronic reading
A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health. D. E-readers are expensive.
31) How should parents encourage their children to read more
A. Act as role models for them. B. Ask then to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
5.（2020年高考 哈工大阅读理解专项测试）
With a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence of her English essay about one of her heroes, Rosa Parks, an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement.
“Keisha,” her mother shouted from downstairs. “It’s almost 4:15.”
“Don’t worry. I wont be late.” Keisha pulled down a storybook from her bookshelf, as she al-ways read to the nursing home s residents. And on an impulse(一时心血来潮), she added her English notebook as well.
As Keisha came running in the door, the manager told her, “We have a new resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watson. She’s still adjusting to her new surroundings. You’ll find her in Room 28. And by the way, Keisha, good luck.”
Keisha walked down the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Room 28, she met two sharp brown eyes staring at her doubtfully.
“I’m Keisha Jackson, a volunteer,” Keisha explained. “I come here to help pass the time with residents, or read to them, or,...” Keisha started stammering (结巴) as Mrs. Watson continued to stare at her.
“I didn’t request anyone to keep me company,” Mrs.Watson interrupted. “I’m alone most of the time, and that’s how I prefer it.”
“I brought along some funny stories,” Keisha said hesitantly.
“I’m not in the mood for funny stories,” Mrs. Watson replied angrily. “What else do you have ”
Nervously, Keisha opened her notebook to her essay. She read the title aloud, “Rosa Parks: A Woman of Courage and Conviction(信念).” She glanced at Mrs. Watson to see how she might react, but to her surprise, Mrs. Watson’s face relaxed and her eyes shone. “Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said.
Keisha read how Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in 1955 inspired the protest that became a turning point in the struggle for civil rights.
“I walked with Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watson said with pride. “That was the greatest moment of my life because...” She paused.
“Because...you were a woman of courage and conviction too.”
Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watson said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank you for reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will tell you my story.”
1) Why did Keisha take her English notebook along
A. Her mother asked her to take it.
B. She would hand it in on her way.
C. She might read her essay to someone.
D. The manager wanted to read her essay.
2) Why did the manager wish Keisha good luck before she visited Mrs. Watson
A. Mrs. Watson could be difficult. B. Mrs. Watson was in poor health.
C. Keisha was feeling nervous. D. Keisha was a shy person.
3) Mrs. Watson’s eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was .
A. amused B. puzzled C. annoyed D. interested
4) What effect did Keisha’s essay have on Mrs. Watson
A. It aroused her curiosity in volunteer work.
B. It built up her expectation for more visitors.
C. It awoke her pride in her struggle for civil rights.
D. It changed her attitude to the Civil Rights Movement.
5) Readers may find this story inspiring because
A. a girl enjoys learning about her heroes
B. a girl helps someone feel appreciated
C. a woman overcomes hardship by herself
D. a woman gathers the courage for life
6.（2020年高考 哈工大阅读理解专项测试）
The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at hone with her parents. All she’s ever wanted to do is to become an elementary school teacher. And she’s been working through her teaching certifications for four years after obtaining an education degree from Bowling Green State University in Ohio, US.
Hipp has racked up $100,000 in student loan debt and isn’t able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home.
The Pew Research Center recently reported that 2014 was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of young adults in the US. For the first time since 1880, adults aged 18 to 34 became more likely to be living with a parent than to be living on their own. Before 2014, the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own property as part of a couple.
UBS Financial Services, a Swiss global financial services company, released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn’t want them to leave.
The report shows that 74 percent of millennials(千禧一代)get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that combine parents and children. “Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and guiders. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.”
Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US, said although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, which doesn’t necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest. He said, “There’s no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases on things people spend money on related to household formation and child-rearing,” Hoffman explained. “But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they don’t have a house expense or marriage. I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values. But it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”
1) Why does Caitlin Hipp have to live at home with her parents
A. Because she can’t afford to live on her own
B. Because she doesn’t want to live anywhere other than home
C. Because she wants to obtain more degrees
D. Because she wants to be an elementary school teacher
2) What can we learn about young adults aged 18 to 34 before 2014
A. They didn’t have the freedom to arrange their living
B. They would rather live with their parents than live by themselves
C. They started to fly the nest as more jobs were provided
D. They preferred to live away from their parents
3) What conclusion can we draw from the report released by the Swiss company
A. Children living with parents is becoming part of the culture
B. The majority of millennials refuse to get financial help from parents
C. Most millennials are building closer relationship with their parents
D. Young people tend to live at home because of fewer job opportunities
4) What’s Stuart Hoffman’s attitude towards this trend
A. Indifferent B. Subjective C. Objective D. Negative
7.（2018年高考 天津模拟试卷 阅读理解）
American students often have to take out loans to help pay for their education. Some students are
very interested in the cost of undergraduate and graduate study in the United States. The first thing
we should know is that the prices are different from school to school. The private colleges and universities generally cost more than public ones. Another thing to keep in mind is that not all students pay the “published price” of a school. Financial aid and scholarships may reduce the cost.
The average published price for undergraduate study at a four-year public college was about seven
thousand dollars. That was for students from “in state”. Students from other states as well as international students paid an average of more than eighteen thousand dollars. This is the bad news—international students often have to pay the highest prices. And these averages were only for tuition fees (学费). Food, housing, books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a year. The College Board says the average tuition at a private college was about twenty-six thousand dollars.
Many students save money by starting their education at a two-year public college, also known as a community college. The average tuition this year was about two thousand five hundred dollars.
A few American colleges provide a free education, including the military and Merchant Marine academies. They accept some foreign students. Berea College is a small Christian school in Berea,
Kentucky, that pays all first-year costs for its foreign students. But they are expected to pay one
thousand dollars a year after that. Summer jobs are provided to help meet this cost.
Costs for graduate study in the United States also differ from school to school, and even from pro-
gram to program. Here too, public universities charge more for out-of-state tuition. For example, at the University of Kentucky, out-of-state graduate tuition averaged about eighteen thousand dollars this year. In-state was about nine thousand.
1) The passage is mainly about
A. how much an undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the United States
B. how an undergraduate or graduate can choose a suitable program or college in the USA
C. how much a foreign undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the USA
D. why so many undergraduates and graduates are studying in the USA
2) Generally speaking, the annual cost of a foreign college student in a public college in the USA is
A.36~40 thousand dollars B.17~19 thousand dollars
C.3 thousand dollars D.28~30 thousand dollars
3) A foreign student who chooses Berea College is able to .
A. get more career opportunities during summer vacations
B. reduce the cost of receiving education in the USA a lot
C. have the chance to get along with world-famous professors
D. earn a great deal of money when at college
4) What should an American graduate do in order to save money according to the passage
A. He should choose a public university in his own state.
B. He should choose those public universities that are not famous.
C. He should avoid changing his major at college.
D. He should try to do some part-time jobs.
5) What can be inferred from the passage
A. The college tuition in America is higher than that in other countries.
B. The higher the tuition is, the better the college is in the USA.
C. Not all the parents in the USA will pay their children’s tuition of college.
D. Some American students have to drop out of college because of the high tuition.
8.（广东省广州市2018届高三调研卷）
Paloma sat at a computer in the school library. She stared at the blank screen and the blinking cursor. She rummaged around in her backpack for a rubber band, and then she pulled her hair into a thick ponytail. Paloma looked at the computer screen. It was still blank. She sighed and flipped through her notebook to reread the assignment Mr. Molina had given the class three weeks ago. It was due in just two days, and Paloma knew that she couldn’t procrastinate any longer.
Write a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently, Paloma read. Your story should include two examples of figurative language.
Paloma and her family had recently taken a trip along North Carolina’s coast. They had visited four different lighthouses, and Paloma wondered what it would be like to live in a lighthouse. She knew that before lighthouses were automated, they were run by a lighthouse keeper who lived on the premises. Paloma thought she’d love to be a lighthouse keeper. Without thinking about it any longer, Paloma began to write the story.
I sat with my cat Sadie curled on my lap and looked out the window at the crashing waves. The heavy rain beat against my lighthouse like a thousand footsteps racing up and down the walls. I held Sadie closer, and she let out a small meow of displeasure. I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally. I had read that the animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane. I was relying on Sadie’s calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.
I knew that my lighthouse was sturdily built. It had survived more than one hundred years’ worth of hurricanes and tropical storms. There was no reason to believe that it couldn’t survive another. I looked up at the staircase that spiraled above me and worried as I felt the tower sway slightly in a gust of wind.
Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written. She smiled to herself in delight, saved her story, and then settled into her chair to continue writing. She wasn’t sure what was going to happen next, but she knew that if she kept going, the story would continue to tell itself. Paloma couldn’t wait to find out where it would take her.
1) Why is Paloma feeling anxious at the beginning of the passage
A. She hasn’t much time left to do her writing task.
B. She doesn’t know the details of her writing task.
C. She has completely forgotten about her writing task.
D. She doesn’t know what is wrong with her computer.
2) What is the inspiration for Paloma’s story idea
A. Her cat. B. Her teacher. C. Her trip. D. Her dream.
3) In Paloma’s story, how does the lighthouse keeper decide if the storm is dangerous
A. By listening to the weather report.
B. By watching the crashing waves.
C. By observing the cat’s behavior.
D. By measuring the movement of the lighthouse.
4) As described in the final paragraph, how does Paloma feel after she has written the first part of her story
A. Confused. B. Excited. C. Relieved. D. Determined.
19【2022高分攻略】高考英语二轮复习学案(通用版)
专题十四 阅读理解之推理判断题 （解析卷）
黑龙江 哈尔滨 邱尚瑛
【考纲解读】
阅读理解题是历年各地高考中的必考项目，阅读理解题能考查出学生对英语语言的综合运用能力。其中，推理判断题通常要求考生不仅要理解原文的文字信息，而且还要进行一定的判断和推理，推断出文章的隐含意义。做推理判断题时，要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词语，然后用已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
主要考查：对文章细节的推断；作者写作意图推断；作者观点态度推断；文章来源和读者对象推断；隐含意义的推断。
【考点剖析】
【相关知识点连接】
在做阅读理解中的推理判断题需要注意：当问及作者的看法、意图与态度时，不要误认为是在问“你”的想法，要抛开个人的主观看法，要认真体会文章作者的观点、意图。
一、对文章细节的推断
细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（做出结论），assume（假定，设想）等词。
主要设题方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that________.
The author strongly suggests that________
It can be concluded from the passage that________.
The writer implies but not directly states that________
The writer/author indicates/implies/suggests that________
The writer talked about ... Because he thought________
二、作者写作意图推断
写作意图推断要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要理解文章的主旨大意，而且要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
主要设题方式有：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to__________
The writer of the story wants to tell us that____________
The fact... Is mentioned by the author to show__________
The author writes the last paragraph in order to________________。
三、作者观点态度推断
观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上，对观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别，关注作者对人物心理或者细节的描写，对文章所交代的人或者事情进行评判。
主要设题方式有:
The attitude of the author towards something is______________
The writer of the passage seems to think that________________
What's the author's opinion on...
What do we know about sb. in the passage
Somebody can be said___________.
What does the author think about...
四、文章来源和读者对象推断
推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求读者本身要具备一定的常识，这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号人座，选出正确的答案。
1. 报纸前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。
2. 广告因其用词和格式特殊，客易辨认。
3. 产品说明器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用 。需要指出的是：有时命题者为了增加试题的难度，特殊的格式或日期可能不出现，这时需要根据文章的题材内容进行推断。如果内客是发布新闻，最可能是出现在报纸上；如果是科普读物，可能是出自科普 杂志上。
主要设题方式有：
This passage would be most likely to be found in____________
The passage is probably taken out of _____________
Where does this text probably come from
Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from
The text is intended for_________________.
五、隐含意义的推断
对隐含意义的推测是阅读理解中难度较大的一类考点。所谓推断隐含意义，就是要求考生在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出合乎情理的推理与判断，从而得出文章的隐含意义和深层意义。对隐含意义的推测属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解，同学们在做这类题目时，一定要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措辞、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感彩的词句，然后利用自己的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。
主要设题方式有：
1．Which of the following might have happened afterwards
2．The paragraph (following the passage) will most probably be_________.
3．We can conclude from the passage that_________.
4．Which of the following conclusions can we draw from the passage
六、做推理判断题的五大技巧
1. 抓特定信息，逆向或正向推理 抓住某一段话中的关键信息，如关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
2. 整合全文(段)信息进行推断 有时需要在弄懂全文的基础上，整合与题目相关的信息，综合推理判断，确定最佳结论。
3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行推断 几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定的褒贬性，它反映了主人公的特定心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好这一点，就能在把握主旨大意的基础上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。
4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度 作者的思想倾向和感彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感彩的形容词。
5. 根据上下文的逻辑得出结论 逻辑结论是指严格根据文章中所陈述的事实、论点、例证等一系列论据材料进行推理，从而得出合乎逻辑的结论，而不是根据自己的经验、态度、观点或爱好去理解文章的内涵。
【温馨提示】
1. 根据题干定位细节，进行分析。
2. 分析作者或人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法；推断语气、性格等。
3. 通过文中所列事物感受作者想表达、传递的信息。
【强化训练】
1.（2021年高考 全国乙卷 阅读理解 B篇）
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a landline (座机).
These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact, plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only on their smartphones, according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor (因素)-only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn't the only factor; I'd say it's also to do with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling before we pick up the phone (using Caller ID would take the fun out of it).
How attached are you to your landline How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries
24) What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25) What does the underlined word "concede" in paragraph 3 mean
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
26) What can we say about Baby Boomers
A. They like smartphone games.
B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones.
D. They are attached to their family.
27) What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案与解析】
本文为论说文。论述的主要内容是：随着手机的普及，座机使用率越来越低，但是澳大利亚的很多家庭还在使用固定电话。这种现象是否会退出历史舞台，文章作者结合自身经理对其原因进行了阐述。
24) B 推理判断题 根据“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.”可知，你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上没有手机的人。事实上，很多年年龄更小一些的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话。
25) A 词义猜测题。根据“Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket”可知，在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认这并不是真的必要，他们把它当作一张安全的保障。Concede的一丝的承认。
26) C 细节理解题。根据“58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50 years.”可知84%的Baby Boomers一直在使用固定电话。Baby Boomers指第二次世界大战后生育高峰期出生的人。
27) B 推理判断题 根据文章最后一句话，“How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries ”固定电话会在多久之后重蹈走煤气路灯和早上送牛奶服务的覆辙。go the way of，意思是：走……的路/重蹈……覆辙。
【文章大意】
当几乎每个人都有手机的时候，为什么超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然在为固定电话付费。
现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上没有手机的人。事实上，很多年龄耕地的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话。
不过，一项调查显示，55%的澳大利亚人在家里有固定电话，只有略高于四分之一（29%）的人只依赖智能手机。在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认这并不是真的必要，他们把它当作一张安全的保障—19%的人说他们从不使用它，还有13%的人保留它是为了在紧急情况下使用。我在考虑我的家属于那一类呢。
超过一半的澳大利亚家庭仍然选择坚持使用固定电话。年龄自然是一个因素-只有58%的Y一代仍然时不时地使用固定电话，相比之下，婴儿潮一代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了。年龄不是唯一的因素；我想这也和你家的妆容有关。
像我和妻子这样的年轻家庭的X一代人，仍然可以发现拥有一部家庭电话比为每个家庭成员提供一部手机更方便。也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母，以至于我们玩游戏，在拿起电话之前猜谁在打电话（使用来电显示会让我们失去乐趣）。
你和你的座机有多少联系？固定电话会在多久之后重蹈走煤气路灯和早晨送牛奶服务的覆辙呢？
2.（2021年高考 全国乙卷阅读理解 C篇）
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreign viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse, " a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic, " Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28) What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A. Beautifying the city he lives in.
B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29) Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.
30) What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A. Calming. B. Disturbing C Refreshing D. Challenging.
31) Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇新闻报道，关于环境保护的问题。讲的是艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用废弃的塑料建造了巨大的雕塑，希望人们重新审视人与一次性塑料制品的关系，旨在引起大家对塑料垃圾的关注与重视。
28) C 细节理解题 根据“He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, foreign viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.”可知，Benjamin Von Wong用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，希望人们重新审视人与一次性塑料制品的关系。
29) A 推理判断题 根据“Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled.”和“Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.”可知，文中提到的塑料吸管很难被回收。答案B意思与其相悖，其它两项答案未涉及，均排除。
30) B 推理判断题 根据“which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.”可知，作品"Truckload of Plastic"是用一万件塑料废品连在一起的，看起来就好像是从卡车里一下子倾倒出来似的，其视觉效果会令观看者感到焦虑、不安。
31) D 标题归纳题 本文主要是介绍了艺术家Benjamin Von Wong用废弃的塑料建造了巨大的雕塑，希望人们重新审视人与一次性塑料制品的关系，旨在引起大家对塑料垃圾的关注与重视。所以答案D为最佳答案。答案A说的是塑料安全内容；答案B谁的谁媒体对现代艺术的兴趣；答案C说的是大公司被要求承担责任，显然没有概括全篇内容。
【文章大意】
你听说过塑料污染海洋每年有480万到1270万吨进入海洋生态系统。但一根塑料吸管或一个塑料杯子真的能起作用吗？艺术家Benjamin Von Wong想让你知道这是真的。他用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，希望人们重新审视人与一次性塑料制品的关系。
年初，艺术家创作了一幅名为“Strawpocalypse”的作品，一对10英尺高的塑料波浪，半死不活的僵在那里。这座雕塑由从几次海滩清理志愿者那里收集的16.8万根塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市的埃斯特拉广场购物中心。
全球只有9%的塑料废料被回收利用。塑料吸管绝不是最大的塑料污染来源，但这些塑料吸管最近受到冲击，因为大多数人不需要他们，因为他们的体积和重量小，不能回收。Benjamin Von Wong作品中的每一根吸管都可能来自一种饮料，而这种饮料只有几分钟的时间。一旦饮料消失，吸管需要几个世纪才能消失。
在2018年的一篇文章中，Von Wong想说明一个具体的统计：每60秒，一卡车的塑料进入海洋。在这项名为“一卡车塑料”的工作中，Von Wong和一组志愿者收集了1万多块塑料，然后把它们连在一起，看起来像是从卡车上下来被倾倒下来一样。
Von Wong希望他的工作能帮助大公司减少塑料使用。
3.（2021年高考 新高考I卷 阅读理解 D篇）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives ( 视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
32) What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test.
B. It helps to exercise a person's mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills.
D. It refers to a person's positive qualities.
33) Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34) What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35) What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
【答案与解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了作者对关于情商的研究的未来的期望。本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
32) D 细节理解题 根据文章第一段“Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities（研究表明，情商技巧可能会有助于这些品质的形成）”可知：情商指的不是一个人的积极品质。所以，选择D。
33) B 推理判断题 根据文章第二段“The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims（医生可能会利用这种准确理解他人感受的能力找出最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能会利用这种能力来控制潜在的受害者）”可推断出：作者在文中提到的“医生”和“骗子”是举例阐述下文的观点，既：情商高，不一定能使人成为又道德的人。所以，选择B。
34) A 推理判断题 根据文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers（宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会复理感兴趣的人对情商进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情商的普及帮助了公众与研究人员）”可判断出作者认为：情商普及使对人们有力的。所以，选择A。
35) B 推理判断题 根据文章第四段“we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives（我们希望这种关注将会激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望在未来的几十年中，科学的进步将会位研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供星德视觉）”可以判断出：该文章主要谈论的是对未来关于情商研究的期望。所以，选择B。
4.（2018年高考 全国II卷 阅读理解 C篇）
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 4 percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2—8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading. Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently, compared to infrequent readers, have more books in the home, more books purchased for them, parents who read more often, and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches, and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近) ahead, parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
28) What is the Common Sense Media report probably about
A. Children’s reading habits. B. Quality of children’s books.
C. Children’s after-class activities. D. Parent-child relationships.
29). Where can you find the data that best supports "children are reading a lot less for fun"
A. In paragraph 2. B. In paragraph 3.
C. In paragraph 4. D. In paragraph 5.
30) Why do many parents limit electronic reading
A. E-books are of poor quality. B. It could be a waste of time.
C. It may harm children’s health. D. E-readers are expensive.
31) How should parents encourage their children to read more
A. Act as role models for them. B. Ask then to write book reports.
C. Set up reading groups for them. D. Talk with their reading class teachers.
【答案与解析】
文章大意：据本周一公布的a Common Sense Media report报告显示，青少年和年幼的孩子们读书的乐趣大大减少。文中从阅读的乐趣，阅读的时间，阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响等角度展示了该报告的内容。
28) A 推理判断题 题干问的是这篇报道可能是关于什么内容。根据整篇文章，我们可以看出这篇报道讲述了孩子们阅读的乐趣，孩子们阅读的时间，孩子们阅读方式和父母对孩子阅读的影响。A项意为：孩子们的阅读习惯；B项意为：孩子们所读书籍的质量；C项意为：孩子们的课后活动；D项意为：父母与孩子的关系。所以，选A。
29) B 推理判断题 根据第三段中的the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9 percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 4 percent respectively today.可知，很少为乐趣而阅读的人的比例已经分别从1984年的13岁的8%和17岁的9%上升到现在的22%和4%。也就是说，为乐趣而读书的人越来越少了。所以，选B。
30) C 推理判断题 根据倒数第三段最后一句It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.可知，许多家长仍然限制电子阅读，主要是由于担心看一些电子屏幕的时间越来越多，也就是担心会伤害孩子们的健康。所以，选C。
31) A 细节理解题 根据倒数第二段The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.可知，有明显的证据表明，父母为孩子们做榜样并为孩子们作重要指导能培养孩子的阅读习惯。也即是说，父母可以通过给孩子们作榜样来鼓励孩子们阅读的。所以，选A。
5.（2020年高考 哈工大阅读理解专项测试）
With a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence of her English essay about one of her heroes, Rosa Parks, an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement.
“Keisha,” her mother shouted from downstairs. “It’s almost 4:15.”
“Don’t worry. I wont be late.” Keisha pulled down a storybook from her bookshelf, as she al-ways read to the nursing home s residents. And on an impulse(一时心血来潮), she added her English notebook as well.
As Keisha came running in the door, the manager told her, “We have a new resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watson. She’s still adjusting to her new surroundings. You’ll find her in Room 28. And by the way, Keisha, good luck.”
Keisha walked down the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Room 28, she met two sharp brown eyes staring at her doubtfully.
“I’m Keisha Jackson, a volunteer,” Keisha explained. “I come here to help pass the time with residents, or read to them, or,...” Keisha started stammering (结巴) as Mrs. Watson continued to stare at her.
“I didn’t request anyone to keep me company,” Mrs.Watson interrupted. “I’m alone most of the time, and that’s how I prefer it.”
“I brought along some funny stories,” Keisha said hesitantly.
“I’m not in the mood for funny stories,” Mrs. Watson replied angrily. “What else do you have ”
Nervously, Keisha opened her notebook to her essay. She read the title aloud, “Rosa Parks: A Woman of Courage and Conviction(信念).” She glanced at Mrs. Watson to see how she might react, but to her surprise, Mrs. Watson’s face relaxed and her eyes shone. “Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said.
Keisha read how Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in 1955 inspired the protest that became a turning point in the struggle for civil rights.
“I walked with Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watson said with pride. “That was the greatest moment of my life because...” She paused.
“Because...you were a woman of courage and conviction too.”
Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watson said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank you for reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will tell you my story.”
1) Why did Keisha take her English notebook along
A. Her mother asked her to take it.
B. She would hand it in on her way.
C. She might read her essay to someone.
D. The manager wanted to read her essay.
2) Why did the manager wish Keisha good luck before she visited Mrs. Watson
A. Mrs. Watson could be difficult. B. Mrs. Watson was in poor health.
C. Keisha was feeling nervous. D. Keisha was a shy person.
3) Mrs. Watson’s eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was .
A. amused B. puzzled C. annoyed D. interested
4) What effect did Keisha’s essay have on Mrs. Watson
A. It aroused her curiosity in volunteer work.
B. It built up her expectation for more visitors.
C. It awoke her pride in her struggle for civil rights.
D. It changed her attitude to the Civil Rights Movement.
5) Readers may find this story inspiring because
A. a girl enjoys learning about her heroes
B. a girl helps someone feel appreciated
C. a woman overcomes hardship by herself
D. a woman gathers the courage for life
【答案与解析】
文章大意：本文为记叙文。讲述了一个女孩通过读自己的论文让一个刚进入养老院的老太太对自己的过往经历充满自豪感的故事。
1) C 细节理解题 根据第一段可知：她对自己写的论文很满意。从第三段中“Keisha pulled down a storybook from her bookshelf, as she always read to the nursing home’s residents. And on an impulse, she added her English notebook as well.”可推断出：她有和别人分享自己写的论文的冲动。所以，选C。
2) A 推理判断题 由下文起初老太太对待女孩的态度及女孩与那位老太太的对话中老太太的语气可推知选择A。
3) D 推理判断题 由第十段中“but to her surprise, Mrs. Watson’s face relaxed and her eyes shone. “Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said.”可推知，选D。
4) C 推理判断题 根据文中倒数第三段中“Mrs. Watson said with pride. “That was the greatest moment of my life because...”可知，她想起了之前为民权斗争的经历而产生了自豪感。所以，选C。
5) B 主旨大意题 文章主要讲了女孩让老太太对自己的过往经历充满了自豪感。所以，选B。
6.（2020年高考 哈工大阅读理解专项测试）
The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at hone with her parents. All she’s ever wanted to do is to become an elementary school teacher. And she’s been working through her teaching certifications for four years after obtaining an education degree from Bowling Green State University in Ohio, US.
Hipp has racked up $100,000 in student loan debt and isn’t able to earn enough through working as a part-time skating instructor and restaurant server to live anywhere other than home.
The Pew Research Center recently reported that 2014 was a milestone in the evolving living arrangements of young adults in the US. For the first time since 1880, adults aged 18 to 34 became more likely to be living with a parent than to be living on their own. Before 2014, the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own property as part of a couple.
UBS Financial Services, a Swiss global financial services company, released a report that even suggests one reason for the growing number of young adults still living at home could be that their family doesn’t want them to leave.
The report shows that 74 percent of millennials(千禧一代)get some kind of financial support from their parents after college. It finds that millennials have redefined the ties that combine parents and children. “Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and guiders. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.”
Stuart Hoffman, chief economist for the PNC Financial Group in the US, said although job growth for millennials since 2014 has improved, which doesn’t necessarily mean that millennials are starting to fly the nest. He said, “There’s no doubt it has held back household formation and purchases on things people spend money on related to household formation and child-rearing,” Hoffman explained. “But they are probably traveling more and eating out more if they don’t have a house expense or marriage. I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values. But it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”
1) Why does Caitlin Hipp have to live at home with her parents
A. Because she can’t afford to live on her own
B. Because she doesn’t want to live anywhere other than home
C. Because she wants to obtain more degrees
D. Because she wants to be an elementary school teacher
2) What can we learn about young adults aged 18 to 34 before 2014
A. They didn’t have the freedom to arrange their living
B. They would rather live with their parents than live by themselves
C. They started to fly the nest as more jobs were provided
D. They preferred to live away from their parents
3) What conclusion can we draw from the report released by the Swiss company
A. Children living with parents is becoming part of the culture
B. The majority of millennials refuse to get financial help from parents
C. Most millennials are building closer relationship with their parents
D. Young people tend to live at home because of fewer job opportunities
4) What’s Stuart Hoffman’s attitude towards this trend
A. Indifferent B. Subjective C. Objective D. Negative
【答案与解析】
1) A 推理判断题 根据最后一段The last thing Caitlin Hipp would have expected as she prepared to turn 28 years old was to be living at home with her parents.可知，因为她负担不起独自生活。所以，选A。
2) D 推理判断题 根据第三段最后一句Before 2014, the most common living arrangement for young adults was to be living in their own property as part of a couple.可知，他们宁愿远离父母生活。所以，选D。
3) C 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段中“Millennials see their parents as peers, friends and guiders. Nearly three quarters talked with their parents more than once a week during college. In return, their parents happily provide financial support well into adulthood, helping fund everything for them.”可知，大多数千禧一代和他们的父母正建立更紧密的关系。所以，选C。
4) C 推理判断题 根据最后一段最后两句I don’t know if it represents a change in moral values. But it’s much more common for adult children to live in their parent’s homes because it’s becoming part of the culture.”可知，作者的态度是客观的。所以，选C。
7.（2018年高考 天津模拟试卷 阅读理解）
American students often have to take out loans to help pay for their education. Some students are
very interested in the cost of undergraduate and graduate study in the United States. The first thing
we should know is that the prices are different from school to school. The private colleges and universities generally cost more than public ones. Another thing to keep in mind is that not all students pay the “published price” of a school. Financial aid and scholarships may reduce the cost.
The average published price for undergraduate study at a four-year public college was about seven
thousand dollars. That was for students from “in state”. Students from other states as well as international students paid an average of more than eighteen thousand dollars. This is the bad news—international students often have to pay the highest prices. And these averages were only for tuition fees (学费). Food, housing, books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a year. The College Board says the average tuition at a private college was about twenty-six thousand dollars.
Many students save money by starting their education at a two-year public college, also known as a community college. The average tuition this year was about two thousand five hundred dollars.
A few American colleges provide a free education, including the military and Merchant Marine academies. They accept some foreign students. Berea College is a small Christian school in Berea,
Kentucky, that pays all first-year costs for its foreign students. But they are expected to pay one
thousand dollars a year after that. Summer jobs are provided to help meet this cost.
Costs for graduate study in the United States also differ from school to school, and even from pro-
gram to program. Here too, public universities charge more for out-of-state tuition. For example, at the University of Kentucky, out-of-state graduate tuition averaged about eighteen thousand dollars this year. In-state was about nine thousand.
1) The passage is mainly about
A. how much an undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the United States
B. how an undergraduate or graduate can choose a suitable program or college in the USA
C. how much a foreign undergraduate or graduate needs to pay for studying in the USA
D. why so many undergraduates and graduates are studying in the USA
2) Generally speaking, the annual cost of a foreign college student in a public college in the USA is
A.36~40 thousand dollars B.17~19 thousand dollars
C.3 thousand dollars D.28~30 thousand dollars
3) A foreign student who chooses Berea College is able to .
A. get more career opportunities during summer vacations
B. reduce the cost of receiving education in the USA a lot
C. have the chance to get along with world-famous professors
D. earn a great deal of money when at college
4) What should an American graduate do in order to save money according to the passage
A. He should choose a public university in his own state.
B. He should choose those public universities that are not famous.
C. He should avoid changing his major at college.
D. He should try to do some part-time jobs.
5) What can be inferred from the passage
A. The college tuition in America is higher than that in other countries.
B. The higher the tuition is, the better the college is in the USA.
C. Not all the parents in the USA will pay their children’s tuition of college.
D. Some American students have to drop out of college because of the high tuition.
【答案与解析】
文章大意：本文为说明文。介绍了美国本科教育和研究生教育的学费问题。
1) A 主旨大意题 根据首段第一、二句“American students often have to take out loans to help pay for their education. Some students are very interested in the cost of undergraduate and gradu-ate study in the United States”可知，本文说的是美国本科生和研究生的学费问题。
2) D 细节理解题 根据第二段第三句“Students from other states as well as international students paid an average of more than eighteen thousand dollars”和第五、六句“And these averages were only for tuition fees. Food, housing, books and supplies can add ten to twelve thousand dollars a yea”通过简单的计算可知，选D。
3) B 推理判断题 根据倒数第二段中的关键词“a free education和Berea College is a small Christian school in Berea, Kentucky, that pays all first-year costs for its foreign students”可推知,外国学生选择该校可以省钱。所以，选B。
4) A 推理判断题 根据第一段倒数第三句及第二段的描述可知,为了省钱应选择本州内的公立大学。故选A。
5) C 推理判断题 根据首段首句“美国学生不得不经常贷款”和第三段首句“很多学生通过上两年制的公立学院省钱”可推知：选C。
8.（广东省广州市2018届高三调研卷）
Paloma sat at a computer in the school library. She stared at the blank screen and the blinking cursor. She rummaged around in her backpack for a rubber band, and then she pulled her hair into a thick ponytail. Paloma looked at the computer screen. It was still blank. She sighed and flipped through her notebook to reread the assignment Mr. Molina had given the class three weeks ago. It was due in just two days, and Paloma knew that she couldn’t procrastinate any longer.
Write a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently, Paloma read. Your story should include two examples of figurative language.
Paloma and her family had recently taken a trip along North Carolina’s coast. They had visited four different lighthouses, and Paloma wondered what it would be like to live in a lighthouse. She knew that before lighthouses were automated, they were run by a lighthouse keeper who lived on the premises. Paloma thought she’d love to be a lighthouse keeper. Without thinking about it any longer, Paloma began to write the story.
I sat with my cat Sadie curled on my lap and looked out the window at the crashing waves. The heavy rain beat against my lighthouse like a thousand footsteps racing up and down the walls. I held Sadie closer, and she let out a small meow of displeasure. I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally. I had read that the animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane. I was relying on Sadie’s calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.
I knew that my lighthouse was sturdily built. It had survived more than one hundred years’ worth of hurricanes and tropical storms. There was no reason to believe that it couldn’t survive another. I looked up at the staircase that spiraled above me and worried as I felt the tower sway slightly in a gust of wind.
Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written. She smiled to herself in delight, saved her story, and then settled into her chair to continue writing. She wasn’t sure what was going to happen next, but she knew that if she kept going, the story would continue to tell itself. Paloma couldn’t wait to find out where it would take her.
1) Why is Paloma feeling anxious at the beginning of the passage
A. She hasn’t much time left to do her writing task.
B. She doesn’t know the details of her writing task.
C. She has completely forgotten about her writing task.
D. She doesn’t know what is wrong with her computer.
2) What is the inspiration for Paloma’s story idea
A. Her cat. B. Her teacher. C. Her trip. D. Her dream.
3) In Paloma’s story, how does the lighthouse keeper decide if the storm is dangerous
A. By listening to the weather report.
B. By watching the crashing waves.
C. By observing the cat’s behavior.
D. By measuring the movement of the lighthouse.
4) As described in the final paragraph, how does Paloma feel after she has written the first part of her story
A. Confused. B. Excited. C. Relieved. D. Determined.
【答案与解析】
文章大意：本文是记叙文。主要讲述帕洛玛想要根据自己的经历写一个故事。
1) A 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句“It was due in just two days, and Paloma knew that she couldn’t procrastinate any longer.” 她只有短短两天，她知道她不能再耽搁。分析句意可知，她没有多少时间。分析选项可推断出，选择A。
2) C 推理判断题 根据第二段可知要写一个故事，“Write a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently, Paloma read根据你自己的经历来写故事，第三段的内容可知，Paloma 想到自己和家人一起最近在北卡罗莱纳海岸旅行。于是开始写故事了，由此可推断出她的故事的想法是来源于她的旅行。分析选项可知C项符合题意。所以，选C。
3) C 推理判断题 根据第四段最后部分“I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally. I had read that animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane. I was relying on Sadie’s calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.”我知道如果Sadie仍然表现正常，即将到来的风暴不会太危险。我读到过动物能感知天气的变化，并能躲避龙卷风或飓风。我是靠Sadie的冷静让我渡过我在岛上的第一次飓风。分析可知Paloma是靠观察她的猫行为来判断风暴是否危险的。分析选项可知C符合题意。所以，选C。
4) B 推理判断题 根据最后一段“Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written. She smiled to herself in delight,…Paloma couldn’t wait to find out where it would take her” Paloma停下来重读自己刚刚写的。她高兴地笑了…。Paloma迫不及待想知道这个故事如何发生。分析句意可知她非常激动。分析选项可知B项（Excited）符合题意。所以，选B。
19
