北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 12 Innovation同步练习（含答案）

Unit 12　Innovation
Lesson 3　Stephen Hawking
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．There has been a sharp ________ (下降) in profits this year.
2．The stone rolled down the mountain by ________ (重力)．
3．The wedding was a very ________ (宏大的) occasion.
4．She was rewarded for her efforts with a cash ________ (奖金)．
5．Matter plays a central role in ________ (宇宙学)．
6．I want advice that's realistic rather than ________ (理论的)．
7．She ________ (克服) injury to win the Olympic gold medal last year.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He spent 7 days in the wind and snow cold and ________ (hunger)．
2．Her sudden arrival prevented him ________ (go) out.
3．________ the heavy snow, he managed to come.
4．By 1989 that business became one of the biggest ________ (supplier) of music to television.
5．Her parents don't allow her ________ (stay) out late.
6．He was late for work. That was ________ he was stuck in a traffic jam.
7．Insurance costs ________ (reduce) for houses fitted with window locks later.
8．They have ________ (successful) communicated their knowledge to others.
9．As a result, he found ________ (him) cheated by the young man.
Ⅲ.短语填空
hear about， rather than， a number of， in spite of， prevent...from...， look for， be diagnosed with， be proud of
1．________ the fog, the crew can distinguish the coastline fairly well.
2．I would stay at home ________ go shopping with you.
3．Although his illness had ________ him ________ studying, he managed to pass the exam.
4．We are pleased to ________ the news that you won the game.
5．The children like to ________ shells on the seashore.
6．He is so excellent that his parents ________ him.
7．A few years ago, the actor ________ a strange disease which was difficult to cure.
8．Not only was she the owner of this building, but ________ other buildings as well.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．令我们感到宽慰的是，孩子们最终安然无恙地加到了家里。
To our relief, the children returned home ________________________ at last.
2．他不但读了这本书，而且记得所读的内容。
He ______________________________ this book, ______________________ remembered what he had read.
3．尽管天气不好，运动会将按时举行。
____________________________________， the sports meeting will be held on time.
4．孩子们不被准许收看暴力电视节目。
The children ________________________________ violent TV programmes.
5．在她18岁的时候，她赢得了比赛一等奖。
__________________________________ 18, she won the first prize in the competition.
6．山东省以丰富的农产品而出名。
Shandong Province ______________________________ its abundant agricultural resources.
7．在老师们的帮助下，我们完成了所有的任务。
__________________________________ our teachers, we have finished all the tasks.
8．由于干旱，明年将有数百万人面临饥饿的威胁。
__________________________________ the drought, millions of people will face starvation next year.
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
Stephen Hawking was born in 1942. He studied at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, 1.________ at the age of 21, he 2.________ (diagnose) with a serious disease. However, he finished his education and got a job at the University of Cambridge and continued his work in 3.________ (theory) physics and cosmology. While his reputation for his work spread, his physical ability got 4.________ (bad). In 1985, after 5.________ operation, he started to use a piece of speech generating equipment 6.________ (help) him talk. However, Hawking never ceased his studies and he continued to develop his theories on the universe. Hawking believed that he was not an 7.________ (lucky) person. From his diagnosis at 21 he regarded everything since then 8.________ a bonus. He was proud of his family and his work, and he appreciated the help that many people had given him. On 14 March, 2018, one of the world's most influential 9.________ (scientist), Stephen Hawking, died at his home in England, 10.________ (age) 76.
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne (空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar (声呐) signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communi cation. “What we've shown is that it's actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air, ” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MIT's Media Lab, who led the re search.
The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and os of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. It has any number of potential real world uses, Adib says. It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane's black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.
Right now the technology is low resolution. The ini tial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction air to water. If the technology proves successful in real world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.
1．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1
A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.
B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.
C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.
D．The current situation of communicating with a sub marine.
2．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean
A．Achievable. B．Convenient.
C．Changeable. D．Alternative.
3．What do we know about TARF
A．It is widely used to find downed planes.
B．It can work well at great depths underwater.
C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.
D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwa ter.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．The Real world Uses of Sonar Technology
B．Full Water to air Communication Closer to Reality
C．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video Chat
D．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication
B
From self driving cars to carebots (care＋robots) for elderly people, rapid development in technology has long represented a possible threat to many jobs normally per formed by people. But experts now believe that almost 50 percent of occupations existing today will be completely unnecessary by 2025 as artificial intelligence continues to change businesses.
“The next fifteen years will see a revolution in how we work, and a revolution will necessarily take place in how we plan and think about workplaces，” said Peter Andrew, Director of Workplace Strategy for CBRE Asia Pacific.
A growing number of jobs in the future will require creative intelligence, social skills and the ability to use ar tificial intelligence.
The report Fast Forward 2030: The Future of Work and the Workplace is based on interviews with 200 experts, business leaders and young people from Asia Pacific, Europe and North America. It shows that in the US technology already destroys more jobs than it creates.
But the report states: “Losing occupations does not necessarily mean losing jobs—just changing what people do. ” Growth in new jobs could occur as much, according to the research.
“The growth of 20 to 40 person companies that have the speed and technological know how will directly chal lenge big companies, ” it states.
A 2014 report by Pew Research found 52 percent of experts in artificial intelligence and robotics were opti mistic about the future and believed there would still be enough jobs in the next few years. The optimists pictured “a future in which robots do not take the place of more jobs than they create，” according to Aaron Smith, the report's co author.
“Technology will continue to affect jobs, but more jobs seem likely to be created. Although there have always been unemployed people, when we reached a few hundred billion people there were billions of jobs. There is no shortage of things that need to be done and that will not change, ” Microsoft's Jonathan Grudin told researchers.
5．According to the report, ________.
A．people won't necessarily lose jobs
B．big companies will face fewer challenges
C．small companies will win against big companies
D．most people will become interested in technology
6．We can infer from the text that in the future ________.
A．people will face many difficulties
B．people will take up more creative jobs
C．artificial intelligence will threaten people's lives
D．most jobs will be done in traditional workplaces
7．What is the attitude of most experts in artificial intelli gence and robotics to the future
A．Mixed. B．Worried.
C．Hopeful. D．Doubtful.
8．Jonathan Grudin's words in the last paragraph suggest that ________.
A．there will be enough jobs for people
B．things will change a lot in a few years
C．many people will become unemployed
D．technology will totally change future jobs
Ⅱ.七选五
Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day to day life. __1__ If you're considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.
Most libraries in the UK allow members of the gen eral public to come and go as they like. __2__ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
__3__ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It's a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. __4__ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device－pretty cool.
Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. __5__
A．Libraries help people learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense of community.
D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save money as we're borrowing books rather than buying them.
G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, a lifeline to the world.Ⅲ.完形填空
I had a perfect childhood. __1__ I saw was new, wonderful and exciting. I was __2__ whether it was rainy or dry, whether it was hot or __3__. I just wanted to __4__ all the things around me.
But I can't __5__ time. When I reached my teens, I started to realize there was a different __6__ of life. I no longer had enough time for little things－discovering a rainbow was not __7__， looking at a giraffe in the zoo was normal, and __8__ a building with 50 floors was not amazing. A rainy day was a __9__ day because the traffic was slow, and the first day of spring __10__ me of aller gies (过敏). Life moves on again. The first day of the month is not just the __11__ of a new month; it's the time to __12__ bills. Going to the supermarket is a __13__； it is not just fun walking around, looking for things and seeing the people around me.
Life is a __14__ in which everyone has many obliga tions (责任), but if everyone tried to see life through the eyes of a child, I am sure that every day could be __15__.,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．A.Everything B．Something
C．Anyone D．None
2．A.anxious B．grateful
C．confident D．happy
3．A.warm B．cold
C．windy D．snowy
4．A.confirm B．introduce
C．discover D．possess
5．A.save B．record
C．tell D．stop
6．A.way B．choice
C．side D．version
7．A.challenging B．disturbing
C．boring D．surprising
8．A.painting B．seeing
C．purchasing D．sharing
9．A.bad B．specific
C．favorite D．wonderful
10．A.informed B．reminded
C．persuaded D．freed
11．A.breakthrough B．preparation
C．beginning D．function
12．A.show off B．send out
C．add to D．think about
13．A.trend B．duty
C．burden D．rule
14．A.process B．reward
C．lesson D．skill
15．A.worse B．shorter
C．better D．slower
Ⅳ.语法填空
Some people are great at remembering faces. Once they meet you, they never forget how you look, while for other people, remembering a face is 1.____________ (simple) impossible. Such people have a condition of the brain called “face blindness”， 2.____________ actual name is developmental prosopagnosia (人面失认症)，or DP for short.
There was a time when face blindness 3.____________ (think) to be rare. But recent 4.____________ (study) have shown that in might be more common than experts had thought. The latest study on face blindness came from Duchaine, 5.____________ professor of psychological and brain sciences at Dartmouth College. He wanted to find out 6.____________ the testees could recognize pictures of famous people or not. So he used fMRI to measure activities in their brains. An fMRI can identify chemical and other changes 7.____________ (result) from blood flow.
Results showed that when 8.____________ (show) famous faces, the testees drew a blank with them. But they could identify the actor who has one specific feature, such as his special chin or moustache. Duchaine said this study 9.____________ (it) would not directly lead to any treatments. However, he said it could lead to a much 10.____________ (deep) understanding of how we remember the world around us.
参考答案
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．decline　2.gravity　3.grand　4.bonus　5.cosmology
6．theoretical　7.overcame
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．hungry　2.going　3.Despite　4.suppliers　5.to stay
6．because　7.was reduced　8.successfully　9.himself
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．In spite of　2.rather than　3.prevented; from　4.heard about　5.look for　6.are proud of　7.was diagnosed　8.a number of
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．safe and sound　2.not only read; but also　3.In spite of the bad weather　4.are not allowed to watch　5.At the age of　6.is famous for　7.With the help of　8.As a result of
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
1．but　2.was diagnosed　3.theoretical　4.worse　5.an
6．to help　7.unlucky　8.as　9.scientists　10.aged
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。
1．C　段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面上的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。
2．A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now，researchers at MIT have developed...underwater communication.”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。
3．D　推理判断题。文章第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声呐信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以从水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。
4．B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决了从水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合作本文标题。
B
【语篇解读】　本文讲述了未来社会的人工智能大发展，大约50%的职业将消失，但失去职业并不等于丢掉工作，只是改变了人们的工作内容——人们将从事更具有创造性的工作。
5．A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Losing occupations does not necessarily mean losing jobs－just changing what people do.”可知，失去职业并不等于丢掉工作，只是改变了人们的工作内容。故选A。
6．B　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，人们将会从事更具创造性的工作。故选B。
7．C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，多数人工智能专家对未来充满了希望。故选C。
8．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，随着科技的发展，会有人失业，但也会应运而生出更多新的创造性的工作。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了加入图书馆的原因。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。
1．G　根据空前一句“For some，libraries are a shelter from the stresses of day to day life.”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。
2．D　根据空后一句“You can also take out a library card...for late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”呼应。
3．A　根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones... all the time.”可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。
4．E　根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times.”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。
5．C　根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left...and feel like a community.”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　作者拥有一个无忧无虑的童年，但是随着时间的流逝，处于青春期的他再也找不到儿时的乐趣，同时生活的责任越来越大。作者建议人们从孩童的角度去看待生活，使生活变得更加美好。
1．A　根据空前一句中的“a perfect childhood”可知，作者有一个完美的童年，所以所看到的一切都是新的、精彩的、令人激动的。everything“一切；所有事物”，符合语境。故选A项。something“某物”；anyone“任何人”；none“全无”。
2．D　根据第二句中的new, wonderful及exciting可知，作者一直都很快乐。happy“快乐的”，符合语境。故选D项。anxious“焦虑的”；grateful“感激的”；confident“自信的”。
3．B　根据空前的“rainy or dry”可知，or前后为反义词，hot的反义词为cold。故选B项。warm“温暖的”；windy“多风的”；snowy“多雪的”。
4．C　根据上文中的“...I saw was new...”可知，作者对一切都感到新奇，总是想发现周围的一切事物。discover“发现”，符合语境。故选C项。confirm“确认；证实”；introduce“引进；介绍”；possess“拥有；具有”。
5．D　根据下一句中的“When I reached my teens”可知，此处表达作者无法让时间停止。stop“(使)停止；阻止”，符合语境。故选D项。save“拯救；节省”；record“记录”；tell“告诉；辨别”。
6．C　根据下文中的“discovering a rainbow was not...a building with 50 floors was not amazing.”可知，儿童时期的新鲜感和新奇感消失了，取而代之的是生活的烦恼，也就是说，作者开始意识到生活还有另外一面。side“方面”，符合语境。故选C项。way“方法；方式”；choice“选择”；version“版本”。
7．D　根据上文中的“I started to realize there was a different __6__ of life”可知，作者步入青少年后发现生活还有另一面，所以发现彩虹也不再感到吃惊。surprising“令人吃惊的”，符合语境。故选D项。challenging“富于挑战性的”；disturbing“令人不安的”；boring“无聊的；令人厌烦的”。
8．B　discovering与looking at和此空并列，都表达“看”的动作。see“看到”，符合语境。故选B项。paint“涂；画”；purchase“购买”；share“分享”。
9．A　根据rainy和空后的“the traffic was slow”可知，下雨天是糟糕的一天。bad符合语境，故选A项。specific“特定的；具体的；明确的”；favorite“最喜欢的”；wonderful“令人惊叹的”。
10．B　句意：……春天的第一天会让我想到过敏。inform sb. of sth.“通知某人某事”；remind sb. of sth.“使某人想起某事”；persuade sb. of sth.“使某人相信某事”；free sb. of sth.“使某人摆脱某事”。故选B项。
11．C　根据“The first day of the month”可知，这是一个月的开始。beginning“开始”，符合语境。故选C项。breakthrough“突破”；preparation“准备”；function“功能”。
12．D　由常识可知，月初要考虑交各种生活费用。think about“考虑”，符合语境。故选D项。show off“炫耀”；send out“发出；派出”；add to“增加，增添”。
13．B　句意：去超市成为一种职责，不再是快乐的散步、寻找东西、看周围的人。设空处与下文中的obligations相对应，duty“职责，责任”，符合语境。故选B项。trend“趋势”；burden“负担”；rule“规定；规则”。
14．A　句意：生活是一个每个人都有很多责任的过程……process“过程”，符合语境。故选A项。reward“奖赏；报酬”；lesson“课程；教训”；skill“技巧；技能”。
15．C　根据空前的“if everyone tried to see life through the eyes of a child”以及文章首句中的“perfect childhood”可知，儿童时期的孩子只看到了生活中的快乐，如果每个人都尽力以孩子的眼光来看待生活，每一天应该会更好。better“更好的”，符合语境。故选C项。worse“更糟的”；shorter“更短的”；slower“更慢的”。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了有关脸盲症的相关信息，以及有关脸盲症的最新研究，该研究有助于我们对如何记住我们周围的世界有一个更深的了解。
1．simply　考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词，故用副词simply修饰其后的impossible。
2．whose　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，作actual name的定语，所以正确答案是whose。
3．was thought　考查时态和语态。根据该句中的“There was a time”可知，应用一般过去时；分析句子结构可知，此处是sth. be thought to be结构，意为“某物被认为……”。所以正确答案是was thought。
4．studies　考查名词的单复数。根据空前的“recent”以及空后的“have shown”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，所以正确答案是studies。
5．a　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知，“5 ________professor of psychological and brain sciences”是Duchaine的同位语，此处泛指一位教授，故用不定冠词；且professor的发音以辅音音素开头，所以正确答案是a。
6．whether　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，同时结合句意及句末的“or not”可知，连接词应用whether。所以正确答案是whether。
7．resulting　考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语“can identify”，故此处应用现在分词短语作后置定语，所以正确答案是resulting。
8．shown　考查过去分词。分析句子结构可知，when引导状语从句，空处为“the testees were shown”的省略形式，所以正确答案是shown。
9．itself　考查反身代词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，空处作“this study”的同位语，应用反身代词，所以正确答案是itself。
10．deeper　考查形容词的比较级。根据空前的“a much”以及空后的“understanding”可知，空处应用形容词的比较级，表示对于如何记住我们周围的世界有一个更深的了解，所以正确案是deeper。