北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 12 Innovation Topic Talk同步练习（含答案）

Unit 12　Innovation
Topic Talk
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Clara had never experienced such ________ (幸福) in all her life.
2．To make sure the children are well nourished, ________ (维生素) drops are usually recommended.
3．Students have to learn to strike a balance between study and ________ (娱乐)．
4．The technical ________ (革新) will save us much time and labour.
5．Brian is ________ (有天赋的) in writing music; he is very likely to be a Beethoven.
6．He advised us to buy some ________ (书省劳力的) machines several days ago.
7．The workshop of the Haimon Painter was especially ________ (多产的)．
8．That morning a bomb in a ________ (垃圾) bag exploded and injured 15 people.
9．There is a new ________ (装置) for cars that warns drivers of traffic jams ahead.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The Internet is an ________ (invent) that I cannot live without as we use it every day for study, fun and communication.
2．As a youth, he discovered a gift ________ teaching.
3．He ________ (entertain) us for hours with his stories and jokes.
4．We should learn to control these emotions so that each day will be ________ (product)．
5．Marie Curie, ________ Polish French physicist and chemist, won the 1903 Nobel Prize for physics and the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.
6．He is one of those ________ like innovation.
7．Make sure that you follow the instructions ________ (careful)．
8．A company should find ways ________ (innovate) in products.
9．He is good at ________ (solve) all kinds of problems in his everyday life.
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．He comes to our room for a chat ____________.
2．I thought that she ____________ the job, but she refused it.
3．Soap is something that we wouldn't want to ____________.
4．Human beings will continue to ____________ the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.
5．____________， a plain carpet makes a room look bigger.
6．When heated, ice can ____________ water.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．令我非常高兴的是，他答应请我们吃冰淇淋。
______________________________， he promised to entertain us to ice cream.
2．有些人认为苏珊大妈有音乐天赋。
Some people think Susan Boyle ____________________________________ music.
3．最大的优势是你会在工作中遇到各种各样的人物。
__________________________________ you come across various characters in your work.
4．发明家对解决问题和如何改善我们的生活感兴趣。
Inventors____________________________________ solving problems and how our lives can be improved.
5．我的发明是一种节能设备。
________________________________________ a type of energy saving equipment.
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
POETRY CHALLENGE
Write a poem about how courage, determination, and strength have helped you face challenges in your life.
Prizes
3 Grand Prizes: Trip to Washington, D．C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice. Trip includes round trip air tickets, hotel stay for two nights, and tours of the National Air and Space Museum and the office of National Geographic World.
6 First Prizes: The book Sky Pioneer: A Photobiography of Amelia Earhart signed by author Corinne Szabo and pilot Linda Finch.
50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.
Rules
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
■Write a poem using 100 words or fewer. Your poem can be any format, any number of lines.
■Write by hand or type on a single sheet of paper. You may use both the front and back of the paper.
■On the same sheet of paper, write or type your name, address, telephone number, and birth date.
■Mail your entry to us by October 31 this year.
1．How many people can each grand prize winner take on the free trip
A．Two.　　　B．Three.　　　C．Four.　　　D．Six.
2．What will each of the honorable mention winners get
A．A plane ticket.
B．A book by Corinne Szabo.
C．A special T shirt.
D．A photo of Amelia Earhart.
3．Which of the following will result in disqualification
A．Typing your poem out.
B．Writing a poem of 120 words.
C．Using both sides of the paper.
D．Mailing your entry on October 30.
B
My first term at MIT (麻省理工学院) was awesome I got all A's, and I declared maths as my major. My parents were expecting me to become a doctor like them so I was trying to satisfy them. But I was desperately running away from them. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life. My third term, I ended up with a D in maths. I didn't do that well in my other classes, either. It seemed like all my friends were doing so well, getting opportunities over the summers.
My fifth term, I realised that I was awful at higher level maths. I had lost all confidence in myself. I went to a few classes at the beginning of the term, but after midterm, I had totally stopped. My only relief was the dance team I was in. I would sleep all day, and then go to dance practice, and then go back to sleep. As expected, I failed in all of my classes and had to withdraw from MIT.
I had no choice but to tell my parents. Instead of yelling at or hitting me, though, they just held me and cried. The next day, my dad took a day off from work and took me to a nearby, small college.
I had lost all confidence in myself. Before my first biology test, I didn't think I could pass. I did pass. Since I had so much free time, I decided to join a biology lab. I realised that was what I wanted to do! I wanted to be a scientist!
This past May, I graduated with the highest honours, and now I have my PhD in biology. Though it ended up taking me 5 years to graduate from college, I can say now that dropping out of MIT was one of the best things that ever happened to me. I've realised that a person is not their grades. I've realised how much my parents loved me. I've finally discovered my passion (激情) in life!
4．How was the author's first term at MIT
A．He was busy with exams.
B．He knew his goals clearly.
C．He did well in all subjects.
D．He was fed up with maths.
5．How did the author's parents react to his failure at MIT
A．They hit him.
B．They yelled at him.
C．They quitted their jobs to teach him.
D．They forgave him for what he did.
6．In the new college, the author ________.
A．rebuilt his confidence
B．volunteered at many labs
C．found it hard to learn biology
D．hated the learning environment
7．What do we know about the author from the last paragraph
A．He felt sorry for his parents.
B．He discovered his true interest.
C．He realised the importance of grades.
D．He felt ashamed of his failure at MIT.
C
Modern buildings are set up on a large scale in cities. Should they be allowed to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city In order to answer this question, we must first examine why people want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons for example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my hometown where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old ones too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move_things_forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be a more risky choice.
8．What is the author's view of historical buildings in Paragraph 1
A．Some of them are unattractive.
B．Many of them are too old to preserve.
C．They don't offer the historic feel of an area.
D．They are more pleasing than modern buildings.
9．Which of the following does the author mostly agree with
A．We should reproduce the same old buildings.
B．Buildings shouldn't fit in with their surroundings.
C．Some old buildings have reduced the interest of the area they are in.
D．No one knows why people are against new buildings.
10．The underlined words “move things forward” mean ________.
A．destroy old buildings
B．put things in a different place
C．respect people's feelings
D．choose new architectural styles
11．What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To explain why people dislike change.
B．To warn that we could end up living in caves.
C．To answer the questions people show great interest in.
D．To argue that modern buildings can be built in historic areas.
Ⅱ.七选五
Self confidence is defined as a feeling of trust in one's abilities, qualities, and judgment.__1__ Whether you apply for a promotion in work or sign up for a cooking class, believing in yourself is the key to putting yourself out there. However, not all people are born confident.__2__
Stop comparing yourself to others. Whether you compare how you look to your friends on Facebook or you compare your salary to your friend's income, comparisons aren't healthy. Researchers found that people who compared themselves to others, experienced envy.__3__It can be a terrible cycle. When you notice you are drawing comparisons, remind yourself that doing so isn't helpful. Everyone is running their own race and life isn't a competition.
__4__. It's hard to feel good about yourself if you're abusing your body. Skimping on sleep, eating an unhealthy diet, and lacking exercise will do harm to your well being. Studies consistently show physical activity boosts confidence. A 2016 study published in Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment found that regular physical activity improved participants' body image. And when their body image improved, they felt more confident.
Embrace (拥抱) self doubt. Sometimes, people put off doing things—like inviting someone on a date or applying for a promotion—until they feel more confident. But sometimes, the best way to gain confidence is by doing.__5__. That doesn't mean you shouldn't prepare or practice, of course. If you have a big speech coming up, practice in front of your friends and family so you'll gain some confidence. But don't wait until you feel 100 percent confident before you proceed. You might never get there.
A．If you're afraid you'll embarrass yourself or you think that you're going to mess up, try it anyway.
B．Take care of your body.
C．Embracing a little self doubt might actually help you perform better.
D．And the more envy they experienced, the worse they felt about themselves.
E．Take regular physical exercise.
F．Fortunately, there are things you can do to gain your self confidence.
G．Having self confidence can help you become successful in your personal and professional life.
Ⅲ.完形填空
When John Gurdon was 15, he ranked last out of the 250 boys in his grade at biology. His teacher wrote in a __1__， “I believe he has ideas about becoming a(n) __2__； from his present performance this is quite foolish. ”
Luckily, the teacher's words didn't __3__ Gurdon's love for science. He went to labs earlier and left later than anyone else. Finally he __4__ his dream. On Oct. 8, 2012, 64 years later, the British professor __5__ the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. Gurdon got the honor because of his research into cells and cloning. When he was studying at Oxford, he did some __6__ on cells. He took a cell from an adult frog, moved its genes __7__， and put them into an egg cell. The egg cell then grew into a clone of the adult frog. His research __8__ for the first time that every cell in the body contains the same genes.
Later it helped to __9__ Dolly the sheep in 1996, the first cloned mammal in history. It also led to important findings in the __10__ use of cells. This is good news for those __11__ who have diseased or damaged tissue.
Gurdon always remembers the __12__ he had when he was 15. He even puts the report on his desk as a daily __13__ to himself.
“When you have problems, like an experiment which doesn't work, it's __14__ to remind yourself that perhaps you are not so good at your job and that the teacher may be __15__，” he said.
However, the facts suggest Gurdon is pretty good indeed.,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．A.report B．post
C．comment D．program
2．A.musician B．scientist
C．manager D．inventor
3．A.stop B．mean
C．inspire D．reflect
4．A.practiced B．realized
C．gave up D．took on
5．A.won B．founded
C．dreamed of D．applied for
6．A.reading B．writing
C．change D．research
7．A.suddenly B．secretly
C．carefully D．casually
8．A.predicted B．assumed
C．proved D．provided
9．A.rescue B．discover
C．feed D．create
10．A.commercial B．medical
C．physical D．illegal
11．A.fools B．visitors
C．patients D．doctors
12．A.friend B．teacher
C．classmate D．neighbor
13．A.regulation B．paper
C．reminder D．reward
14．A.potential B．complicated
C．rough D．nice
15．A.right B．wrong
C．modest D．welcome
Ⅳ.语法填空
In order to encourage literacy (读写能力) among kids who are more used to playing on their smart devices. LA County 1.________(library) are no longer charging library late fees for young readers. To make it even 2.________ (easy) for the kids, their schools have also signed up for library cards for them.
For those 3.________ already have a late fee balance, the library offers a unique way to pay it back by reading it away.
Kids can now go to their local library and tell the librarian that they would like 4.________ (pay) off their balance. In turn, the Librarian will start a timer and for every hour kids spends reading, $5 5.________(take) off of their debt. At least 100 students every week 6.________(read) away their debt and a total of 3,500 blocked accounts have been cleared. This debt relief can also be used for paying off lost or 7.________ (damage) books as well.
The program has already had a major effect 8.________ readership in the county. 15,000 kids have used their new library cards and parents said they allowed their children to check out books due to the 9.________ (decide)．
10．________ seems that the smell of old books can still have a place in the younger generation's hearts—they just need a bit of encouragement.
参考答案
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．well being　2.vitamin　3.entertainment　4.innovation　5.gifted　6.labour saving　7.productive　8.garbage
9．device
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．invention　2.for　3.has entertained　4.productive　5.a　6.who　7.carefully　8.to innovate　9.solving
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．every once in a while　2.was interested in　3.live without
4．adapt to　5.In general　6.turn into
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．To my great　2.has a gift for　3.The biggest advantage is that　4.are interested in　5.My invention is
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事。文章就参赛作品的内容、奖项、参赛规则等做了介绍。
1．A　细节理解题。根据Prizes部分第一段中的“Trip to Washington, D．C. for each of three winners, a parent and one other person of the winner's choice.”可知，每位获奖者都可以带一名家长和另一名由获奖者选择的人员。因此，每位获奖者可以带两个人，故选A。
2．C　细节理解题。根据Prizes部分第三段中“50 Honorable Mentions: Judges will choose up to 50 Honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T shirt in memory of Earhart's final flight.”可知，每位优秀奖获奖者都将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤，故选C。
3．B　细节理解题。根据Rules部分中“Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.”和“Write a poem using 100 words or fewer.”可知，所写的诗词数不能超过100。否则，将会被取消资格，故选B。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者从麻省理工学院退学后经过努力，重新找到自己的兴趣和目标的故事。
4．C　细节理解题。由第一段中的“My first term at MIT was awesome I got all A's...”可知，作者在麻省理工学院的第一学期成绩非常棒——所有的科目作者都得了A。所以作者第一学期各科成绩都很好。故C选项正确。
5．D　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Instead of yelling at or hitting me, though, they just held me and cried. The next day, my dad took a day off from work and took me to a nearby, small college.”可知，作者的父母没有对作者喊叫或打他，只是抱着他哭了。第二天，作者的爸爸请了一天假，带他去了附近的一所学院。所以作者的父母没有因为他退学而责罚他，而是原谅了他。故D选项正确。
6．A　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Before my first biology test，I didn't think I could pass. I did pass. Since I had so much free time, I decided to join a biology lab. I realised that was what I wanted to do！I wanted to be a scientist！” 可知，在第一次生物考试之前，作者认为他不能通过。但是他真的通过了。因为作者有很多的空闲时间，所以他决定加入一个生物实验室。作者意识到这就是他想做的，他想成为一名科学家，所以通过作者的考试成绩，以及作者意识到了自己真正想做的事情可以判断出，作者在新学校里重新找回了自信。故A选项正确。
7．B　细节理解题。由最后一段中的“I've finally discovered my passion in life！”可知，作者终于发现了他生活中的激情，可见作者找到了自己真正的兴趣所在。故B选项正确。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文。文章对于现在人们经常讨论的问题——现代的建筑是否应该和古老的历史建筑在一起——进行了阐述，在作者看来，历史建筑应该保存，但是我们的建筑风格也应该改变，不应让历史建筑禁锢我们的生活。
8．A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”可知，作者认为并非所有的历史建筑都有吸引力。故选A项。
9．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old ones too.”可知，确实有一些新建筑破坏了他们所在的地区(原有的风格)，但是同样的情况也发生在一些老建筑上。故选C项。
10．D　词义猜测题。第四段中的“Although we have to respect people's feelings as fellow users of the buildings”意为“尽管我们必须尊重人们作为建筑物的使用者的感受”，根据Although可知，前后分句应为让步关系，再根据“Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be a more risky choice.”(因此，我反对复制以前的建筑风格，并选择一些新颖的和不同的风格，尽管这可能是个更冒险的选择)可知，“move things forward”在此处指的是“选择新的建筑风格”。故选D项。
11．D　推理判断题。文章主要针对“现代的建筑是否应该和古老的历史建筑在一起”进行了阐述，最后一段还说明了作者认为在建筑方面应该选择一些新颖的东西和风格而不是一味的复制以前的风格。故选D项。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。自信心在工作和生活中都起着重要作用，然而，很多人并非天生自信，本文列举了一些提升自信心的方法。
1．G　根据下文“Whether you apply for a promotion in work or sign up for a cooking class, believing in yourself is the key to putting yourself out there.”无论你是申请升职还是报名参加烹饪课，相信自己是让自己脱颖而出的关键，可知，此处想说明自信在个人与职业生活中的作用。故选G.
2．F　根据前句“However, not all people are born confident.”然而，并不是所有人生来就有自信， 及下文说明增强自信心的方法。可知，此处为承上启下句，幸运的是，你可以做一些事情来获得自信。 故选F。
3．D　根据上文“Researchers found that people who compared themselves to others, experienced envy.”研究人员发现，那些把自己和别人比较的人，会嫉妒。和下文“It can be a terrible cycle.”可知，与人攀比嫉妒更不自信 ，将会是一个恶性循环， 所以，他们越嫉妒，对自己的感觉就越差。故选D。
4．B　考查段落大意。根据“It's hard to feel good about yourself if you're abusing your body. Skimping on sleep, eating an unhealthy diet, and lacking exercise will do harm to your well being.”如果你虐待自己的身体，你很难自我感觉良好。睡眠不足，饮食不健康，缺乏锻炼，这些都会损害你的健康。可知，与“abuse your body”相反的应该是“take care of your body”选项只是照顾好自己的一种方式。故选B。
5．A　根据上文“But sometimes, the best way to gain confidence is by doing.”但是有时候，获得自信的最好方法是行动。和下文“That doesn't mean you shouldn't prepare or practice, of course.”可知强调要去尝试，而且要与后文中的“That doesn't mean”指代关系要一致。 所以，如果你担心会让自己难堪，或者觉得自己会搞砸，那无论如何都要试一试。故选A。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。John Gurdon曾是全年级成绩最差的学生，但是他通过自己的不懈努力证明了自己，并在研究细胞和克隆方面取得了巨大成就，获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
1．A　从文章倒数第三段中的the report可知，空后是老师在报告里定的内容，故选A项。
2．B　从下文中的“Gurdon's love for science”可推知，老师认为他有成为科学家的想法，故选B项。
3．A　根据语境可知，老师的话并没有阻止他对科学的热爱。
4．B　根据语境可知，此处表示“他实现了他的梦想”，故选B项。
5．A　根据语境可知，这位英国教授获得了诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
6．D　根据上文中的“his research into cells and cloning”和空后的on cells可知，此处表示他在牛津学习的时候，对细胞做过一些研究。
7．C　根据语境并结合选项可知，空处应表示“小心翼翼地”，故选C项。
8．C　根据空后的内容可知，空后为研究得出的结果，再结合选项可知，C项符合语境。
9．D　根据空后的“the first cloned mammal”并结合常识可知，克隆羊Dolly是被科学家创造出来的。
10．B　根据下文中所列举的例子可知，此处表示Gurdon的观点也使细胞在医学方面的应用有了重大发现。
11．C　根据空后的“who have diseased or damaged tissue”可知，空处应指病人。
12．B　根据空后的“when he was 15”并结合第一段内容可知，空处应指他15岁时的老师。
13．C　根据空前的“He even puts the report on his desk”和下文中的“remind yourself”可知，他这么做的目的是提醒他自己。
14．D　根据语境并结合选项可知，假如实验不成功，它就很好地提醒自己在工作方面还不是非常擅长。
15．A　根据语境并结合空前的“perhaps you are not so good at your job”可知，此处表示老师可能是正确的。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了洛杉矶县图书馆为鼓励孩子读书识字所采取的措施。图书馆不再向读者收取滞纳金，而是可以通过阅读的方式偿还滞纳金或赔偿损坏的书籍。
1．libraries　考查名词复数形式。句意：为了鼓励那些习惯玩电子设备的孩子读书识字，洛杉矶县图书馆不再向年轻读者收取图书滞纳金。分析句子可知，句中be动词使用了复数形式are，为保持主谓一致因此主语要使用复数形式。
2．easier　考查形容词比较级。句意：为了让孩子们更容易，他们的学校也为他们注册了图书馆借书卡。前文提到“young readers”与句中的“kids”形成对比，even后可用形容词比较级，加强语气表示强度，意为“比……更；还要”。
3．who　考查关系代词。句意：对于已经存在滞纳金的人来说，图书馆提供了一种方式，通过阅读来偿还。分析句子可知，该句为定语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且先行词是those，因此只能使用关系代词who作主语。
4．to pay　考查非谓语动词。句意：现在，孩子们可以去当地的图书馆，告诉图书管理员他们还想要还清滞纳金。分析句子可知，此处是固定搭配would like to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。
5．is taken　考查时态及语态。句意：相反，图书管理员会开始计时，孩子们每读一小时书，就会从他们的滞纳金中扣除5美元。分析句子可知，5美元与take off之间是逻辑上的被动关系，基数词加上表示时间、距离、价值或其他度量单位的名词时，常常看成是一个整体，作为主语谓语动词用单数，且此处陈述一般事实，be动词需使用一般现在时。
6．have read　考查动词时态。句意：每周至少有100名学生通过阅读还清他们的债务，3500个被封的账号还清了债务。分析句子可知，此处表示通过阅读已经还清了债务，即动作从过去开始，到现在已经结束并对现在造成了影响，因此需使用现在完成时。
7．damaged　考查形容词。句意：这种债务的减免也可以用来赔偿丢失或损坏的书籍。分析句子可知，名词books前需用形容词修饰，且or作连词时应连接两个并列成分。
8．on　考查介词。句意：这个项目对全县的读者产生了重大的影响。分析句子可知，此处为固定词组“have…effect on”意为“对……产生影响；对……有效果”。
9．decision　考查名词。句意：有15000名儿童已经使用了他们的新图书卡。家长们说因为这项决议，他们允许自己的孩子去借书。分析句子可知，此处特指“这项决议”，应使用名词。
10．It　考查固定句型。句意：旧书的味道似乎在年轻一代的心中仍有一席之地——他们要的只是一点鼓励。此处为固定句型“It seems that……”意为“似乎；看起来；好像”。