北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 2 Aha Moment 同步练习（含答案）

Unit 12　Innovation
Lesson 2　Aha Moment
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When the moon ________ (出现) from behind the clouds, I made out a figure moving in the distance.
2．Is it a ________ (巧合) that the most innovative companies are also the best known brands
3．The old woman is completely ________ (一无所知) about computers.
4．It is caused during development by high ________ (孵化) temperature.
5．The way the guests were treated in the hotel influenced their ________ (评价) of the service.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Language emerges and develops with the ________ (emerge) and development of society.
2．The school has only been open for six months, so it's hard ________ (evaluate) its success.
3．Job training is an ________ (invest), not a cost. So you must take it seriously.
4．Inspiration doesn't emerge ________ (coincldence). Instead, it comes from the efforts we have been making before.
5．I don't want this ________ (misunderstand) to come between us.
6．It is a good time to find a new job ________ the beginning of the year.
7．He was ________ (excite) to tell us he would go abroad.
8．Dr. White's opinion is ________ all hard work will lead to the success.
Ⅲ.短语填空
by coincidence， all of a sudden， become involved in， pay attention to， in other words， make a discovery， lead to， agree with
1．Too much work and too little rest often ________ illness.
2．I think it's important for the teenagers to ________ community service.
3．________， we all arrived at the station at the same time.
4．He does better than before. ________， he is determined to do well.
5．Everyone should ________ safety when crossing the road.
6．________， the boy slipped into the river.
7．We ________ you that the open system is by far the best.
8．He ________ that made his parents proud.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．生活的意义在于创造，而创造是独立存在的，没止境的。
________________________________ creation, and creation is independent and endless.
2．你能告诉我们更多关于那几个阶段的情况吗？
Would you please ______________________________？
3．恐怕我不明白“孵化”是什么意思。
____________________________ I don't understand what “incubation” means.
4．我们应该投入到我们的学校生活中。
We should ______________________________ our school life.
5．他喜欢古典音乐而我喜欢流行音乐。
He is fond of classical music ____________________________________ pop music.
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
The Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge (HZMB), the world's longest sea based project, comprises four parts: a 22.9 kilometre steel bridge, two artificial islands, a submerged sea tunnel extending for 6.7 kilometres, as well as leading bridges that connect the bridge to the cities.
For a bridge project, designers prefer to build all the structure on the ground, and only choose the tunnel when there is no alternative. However, for the HZMB, the most practical design is to integrate bridges, islands and tunnels to form a complete cross sea channel.
“The Pearl River Estuary (河口) holds a world level shipping channel. Smooth traffic should be guaranteed. And the location is near the Hong Kong International Airport. With about 2,000 flights taking off and landing at the airport, the bridge cannot be built too high for safety reasons，” said Meng Fanchao, chief designer of the project. “But you cannot have a submerged sea tunnel without any support. That forced us to build the artificial islands. ”
Chinese engineers blazed a trail in installing deep immersed tunnel tubes. “There is no model for us to refer to as all the cases are shallow buried tubes, ” said Meng.
“For lack of experience, the installation of the first tube lasted for 96 hours, ” said Yin Haiqing, deputy manager of the Project Management Department. “Everyone was exhausted when we made it. ”
The 6.7 kilometre tunnel is the world's longest submerged sea tunnel.
Two artificial islands, covering an area of 200,000 square metres, help create a smooth transition between bridge sections and tunnels. Different from traditional islands, the engineers put 120 steel cylinders (圆柱) with a 22 metre diameter (直径) into the sea bed, create the shape of an island, and fill the island with soil. It is an innovative way they adopted to build the artificial island, making it firmer, more efficient and friendlier to the marine ecology.
The HZMB provides a fixed link between the two Chinese economic centres, Hong Kong and Macao, and the mainland of China, especially Zhuhai.
1．Why isn't the bridge built too high
A．The bridge hasn't any support.
B．It isn't safe to build it too high.
C．The engineers lack experience.
D．The engineers want to make it special.
2．What can we know about the HZMB from the text
A．All the structure of the HZMB is built on the ground.
B．The 6.7 kilometre tunnel is the world's longest tunnel.
C．The HZMB is the first to install deep immersed tunnel tubes.
D．The installation of the first tunnel tube failed for the first time.
3．What's the function of the two artificial islands
A．To blaze a trail in building a sea based bridge.
B．To prevent the pollution from affecting the marine ecology.
C．To ensure smooth traffic between bridge sections and tunnels.
D．To guarantee the safety of the ships going through the estuary.
4．Where is the passage probably taken from
A．An advertisement. B．Science fiction.
C．An announcement. D．A news report.
B
On a recent day, Katie Baldwin took a break from work to talk about moving from a wealthy neighborhood near New York City to an organic farm on Long Island. “Farming where I grew up was a very unusual career choice, ” said the 32 year old American, “but everybody belongs to the land in their own way. None of us should feel separate from it.” Katie was raised in an upper middle class town outside New York, where most people never thought about working on a farm. Today, Katie grows potatoes, wheat and other crops at Quail Hill, a property in Amagansett, New York.
“The new young farmers choose organic farming with their desire to have an influence on society，” Katie and several farmers said. She said, “They are choosing it to protect natural resources for future generations, to fight climate change and to feed their community good and healthy food. ” New York has about 1,000 certified organic farms, making it the third largest in the country, and California and Wisconsin are the first and second, the USDA (the U．S. Department of Agriculture) says. These farms make up nearly 4 percent of the state's farmland, compared with a national average of around 0.6 percent.
In the United States, organic farming is a growing industry. Women operate some of the best known organic farms on Long Island. Women make up a little more than 37 percent of all organic farmers nationwide. That information comes from USDA. Experts predict women's share in farming is likely to continue to grow.
Although organic farming is growing quickly, it comes with high labor costs and sometimes smaller harvests than commercial farming.So it can be a difficult business for new farmers. “When I look back on the starting of the farm. It seems really andacious，” Katie Baldwin said.“But in that environment in 2008，everybody had lost their jobs and there weren't jobs. So, it didn't feel strange to start something，” she said.
5．Why do the young people want to work as farmers
A．To find a suitable job.
B．To earn healthy food.
C．To stop climate change.
D．To help the society develop.
6．Which can replace the underlined word “audacious” in the last paragraph
A．Hopeful. B．Dangerous.
C．Daring. D．Reasonable.
7．What can be inferred from the text
A．American women are good at organic farming.
B．Organic farming will become a good employment.
C．Many American communities lack abundant food.
D．Starting organic farming needs careful consideration.
C
In 2013, Gabby Frost founded Buddy Project when she was 15. At that time, her best friend was diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition, and that had been the first time she had been made aware of what mental illness was. Cabby began thinking of how she could make a difference to help her friend. She didn't want to wait around for someone else to think of something. The idea to create a supportive community where people can connect with others who share the same interests immediately came into her head. That simple idea is what led to the creation of Buddy Project.
One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that some people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15 year old girl, and even now, she's still a young woman. “Sometimes it's frustrating because some people don't think what I do is needed or they don't think I'm professional, ” she said. “Most people are overwhelmed by the fact that a 22 year old girl is running this and that it's one person doing this but not a whole team. I'm just lucky that I've found a support system that has been able to help my mom and me with the project. ”
Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year, yet only half receive treatment. Since founding the organization as a high school student, Gabby has helped more than 200,000 participants feel better. Buddy Project aims to raise awareness of mental health by pairing people as buddies, which transitioned from social media movement to non profit organization in late 2015, and has raised over $ 50,000.
8．Why did Gabby Frost set up Buddy Project
A．To treat her mental disease.
B．To know what causes mental illness.
C．To help her friend fight the mental disease.
D．To cure those with mental disease.
9．What problem did Gabby face
A．She couldn't get support from her parents.
B．She couldn't help so many patients at a time.
C．She wasn't able to attract enough participants.
D．She wasn't thought well of because of her age.
10．How do most people feel about young Gabby's running the project alone
A．Completely doubted. B．Totally convinced.
C．Strongly impressed. D．Fully satisfied.
11．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Americans pay little attention to mental health.
B．Many Americans have trouble with mental health.
C．Buddy Project provides financial aid for patients.
D．Buddy Project has cured many people with mental disease.
Ⅱ.七选五
When it comes to creativity, one of our biggest concerns is usually how we can be more creative, or how to come up with better ideas. I've gathered some of the most practical tips to help improve creativity. __1__
Many people think that happiness is the ideal state to create something. Recently a study on creativity made a great conclusion. __2__ I don't want you to put yourself in a bad mood to create something, but next time you're in a strong feeling, try to sit down and focus that energy on creating something.
__3__ Reading or feeling absurd (or dreamlike) things can help boost (促进) pattern recognition and creative thinking. Because the mind is always seeking to make sense of the things that it has seen, and such objects put it in “overdrive” while the mind tries to work out exactly what it is looking at or reading. I like reading interesting short stories like The Last Question when looking for inspiration.
You can also get moving, because it's suggested that exercise can actually improve creative thinking as well, due to its ability to get the heart pumping and put people in a positive mood. __4__ It's not necessarily the act; it's the change in moods. If you're stuck in a creative job and want to take a break, try exercise while your brain is subconsciously (下意识地) at work. __5__ I tend to jog outdoors in this case, and it's truly helpful for me.
A．Why not stick to reading
B．Experiencing something unreasonable works.
C．It may help to speed up your “Aha！” moment.
D．Creativity increases when whatever feelings run high.
E．Try a few out for yourself and see which ones work best.
F．It can produce more creative thoughts just like thinking about love.
G．We are in two very different states of mind when trying to create something.
Ⅲ.语法填空
China has once again showed its ability to change the world with its “four great new 1.____________ (invention)” —high speed railways, mobile payment, bike sharing, and online shopping.
China's new generation high speed railways, the Fuxing bullet trains, are now one of the 2.____________ (fast) trains in the world, which can travel at a speed of 350 km/h. Besides high speed railways, China 3.____________ (improve) people's lives in many other innovative ways over the last decade.
Bike sharing, for example, is not new itself. But China has made 4.____________ much more convenient and popular both in China 5.____________ overseas. The leading Chinese bike sharing companies are now operating in foreign countries such as Singapore and Britain.
When riding a shared bike, you can stop it at the roadside 6.____________ (simple) with a tap on your phone. When you go out, you needn't carry any cash. You could easily pay with your smartphone by 7.____________ (scan) the seller's QR code. Cashless payment has grown into a 8.____________ (choose) for the Chinese people—even a pancake seller is using Alipay.
As for Alipay, it 9.____________ (design) to serve the online shopping at first, 10.____________ is now the most popular way to make purchases in China. You can buy anything you need without leaving your home.
Ⅳ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
There were two men who occupied the same hospital room. One man was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour a day to drain (排出) the liquids from his lungs. His bed was next to the room's only window. The other man had to spend all his time flat on his back.
The men talked for hours every day. They spoke about their wives and families and their jobs. And every afternoon when the man by the window could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to his roommate all the things he could see outside the window. The man in the other bed would live for those one hour periods where his world would be broadened by all the activities and colours of the outside world.
The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. The man had said ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Lovers walked arm in arm, and a fine view of the city could be seen in the distance. As the man by the window described all this in detail, the man on the other side of the room closed his eyes and imagined the beautiful scene.
One warm afternoon, the man by the window described a parade passing by. Although the other man could not hear the band, he could see it in his mind's eye as the gentleman by the window described it. Unexpectedly, a strange thought entered his head: Why could he look out of the window Why should he have all the pleasure of seeing everything while I never get to see anything It didn't seem fair.
As the thought developed, the man felt ashamed at first. But as the days passed, he missed seeing more sights and his envy turned into hate and soon turned him sour. He began to find himself unable to sleep. He should be by that window and that thought now controlled his life.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Late one night, as he lay staring at the ceiling, the man by the window began to cough.
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As soon as it seemed reasonable, the man asked the nurse if he could move next to the window.
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参考答案
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．emerged　2.coincidence　3.clueless　4.incubation
5．evaluation
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．emergence　2.to evaluate　3.investment　4.coincidentally　5.misunderstanding　6.at　7.excited　8.that
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．leads to　2.become involued in　3.By coincidence　4.In other words　5.pay attention to　6.All of a sudden　7.agree with　8.made a discovery
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．The meaning of life lies in　2.tell us more about the stages
3．I'm afraid that　4.involve ourselves in/be involved in　5.while I like
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，介绍了港珠澳大桥的建设构造等方面的知识。
1．B　细节理解题。这座桥为什么建得不高？A.这座桥没有任何支撑。B.建得太高不安全。C.工程师们缺乏经验。D.工程师们想使它与众不同。根据第三段“‘With about 2,000 flights taking off and landing at the airport, the bridge cannot be built too high for safety reasons，’ said Meng Fanchao, chief designer of the project.(该项目总设计师孟繁超说，由于机场起降航班约2 000架次，出于安全考虑，大桥不能建得太高)”可知，由于大约有2 000个航班在机场起降，出于安全考虑，这座桥不能建得太高。故选B。
2．C　推理判断题。我们能从课文中了解到HZMB 什么？A.HZMB的所有结构都是在地面上建造的。B.这条6.7公里长的隧道是世界上最长的隧道。C.HZMB是第一个安装深埋隧道管的公司。D.第一根隧道管第一次安装失败。根据第4段“There is no model for us to refer to. (没有可供我们参考的型号)”和第5段“For lack of experience, the installation of the first tube lasted for 96 hours, (由于缺乏经验，第一根管子的安装持续了96个小时)”可知，没有可供参考的模式，港珠澳大桥是第一个安装深埋隧道的工程，故选C。
3．C　细节理解题。两个人工岛的功能是什么？A.宣布建造海基桥梁的路线。B.防止污染影响海洋生态。C.确保桥段与隧道之间的交通畅通。D.保证船舶通过河口的安全。根据第三段“But you cannot have a submerged sea tunnel without any support. That forced us to build the artificial islands.(但如果没有任何支撑，就不可能有一条海底隧道。这迫使我们建造人工岛)”可知，人工岛的建设是为了确保桥段与隧道之间的交通畅通，故选C。
4．D　主旨大意题。这篇课文是什么类型的？A.广告。B.科幻小说。C.一份公告。D.一份新闻报道。本文讲述了港珠澳大桥的建设，属于新闻报道，故选D。
B
【语篇解读】　本文以32岁的凯蒂·鲍德温为例介绍了在纽约，为了促进社会发展，越来越多的年轻人开始从事有机农业生产。
5．D　细节理解题。结合第一段中Kaite Baldwin的言论可知，她选择从事农业生产是希望为当地的发展做出贡献；再根据第二段中的“The new young farmers choose organic farming with their desire to have an influence on society”可知，那些年轻人选择从事有机农业生产，是为了给社会带来一些影响，最终是为了促进社会发展，故选D。
6．C　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Although organic farming is growing quickly, it comes with high labor costs and sometimes smaller harvests than commercial farming. So it can be a difficult business for new farmers.”可知，尽管有机农业发展迅速，但与商业种植相比，有机农业的劳动力成本很高，有时收成却更少，因此，在这种情况下从事有机农业生产是一种大胆的想法，由此可推知画线词词义为“大胆的”，故选C。
7．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，有机农业生产存在着高人力投入、低回报的风险，因此，年轻人在选择这个行业前应深思熟虑，故选D。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Gabby Frost为了帮助自己的朋友战胜心理疾病而成立了Buddy Project。Buddy Project帮助了很多有心理疾病的人。她尽管遇到了很多的困难，但仍坚持不懈。
8．C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Gabby began thinking of how she could make a difference to help her friend.”可知，她是为了帮助朋友与心理疾病抗争才成立了Buddy Project。
9．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“One of the biggest social barriers...was that some people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15 year old girl, and even now, she's still a young woman.”和“some people don't think what I do is needed...professional”可知，她面临的一个问题是一些人因为她的年龄小而认为她不专业。
10．C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Most people are overwhelmed by the fact that a 22 year old girl is running...with the project.”可知，大多数人对一个22岁的女孩独自而不是靠一个团队运营这个项目这一事实印象深刻，故C项最能体现大多数人的心理。
11．B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year”可知，在美国，很多人都有心理健康方面的问题。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了作者总结了一些方法来帮助提高创造力，包括在情绪高涨时进行创造等，建议读者可以试一试。
1．E　根据上文中的“I've gathered some of the most practical tips to help improve creativity.”可知，作者就如何提高创造力收集了一些实用的方法，E选项中的ones指文中的tips中的一些，且语义前后顺承，故选E。
2．D　根据下文中的“I don't want you to put yourself in a bad mood to create something, but next time you're in a strong feeling, try to sit down and focus that energy on creating something.”可知，情绪高涨的时候有助于创造力的发挥，故D项承接下文。
3．B　根据下文中的“Reading or feeling absurd (or dreamlike) things can help boost(促进)pattern recognition and creative thinking.”可知，B选项中的“Experiencing something unreasonable”对应下文中的“Reading or feeling absurd(or dreamlike)things”，故选B。
4．F　根据上文中的“due to its ability to get the heart pumping and put people in a positive mood.”可知，锻炼可以让人产生积极的情绪，F选项意为“它可以产生更多的有创造性的想法，就像思考爱情一样”承接上文，故选F。
5．C　根据上文中的“If you're stuck in a creative job and want to take a break，try exercise while your brain is subconsciously (下意识地) at work.”可推知，在大脑还在下意识地沉浸于工作时进行锻炼会加速你“顿悟”时刻的到来，故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了中国的“新四大发明”：高速铁路、手机支付、共享单车以及网络购物。
1．inventions　考查名词的数。由“four great new”可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式，故填inventions。
2．fastest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的the以及后面的比较范围“in the world”可知，这里应用最高级形式。
3．has improved　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。“over the last decade”表示“在过去的十年”，常和现在完成时连用；又因为主语是China，故用has improved。
4．it　考查代词。这里用it指代前面的“Bike sharing”，作made的宾语。
5．and　考查连词。both...and...为固定搭配，表示“两者都……”。
6．simply　考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用所给词的副词形式作状语。
7．scanning　考查非谓语动词。空处作介词by的宾语，故用v ing形式。
8．choice　考查词性转换。冠词a后面应用名词。
9．was designed　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语。design与it为动宾关系，且根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。
10．which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，从句修饰先行词“online shopping”，故填which。
Ⅳ.读后续写
参考范文：
Late one night, as he lay staring at the ceiling, the man by the window began to cough. He was choked by the liquids in his lungs. The other man watched it, as the man by the window tried to press the button to call for help. Listening, the another man never pushed his own button which would have called the nurse in. In less than five minutes, the coughing stopped, along with the sound of breathing. The following morning, the nurse called the hospital attendant to take the lifeless body away.
As soon as it seemed reasonable, the man asked the nurse if he could move next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the change and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone. He moved slowly and painfully to take his first look. Finally, he would have the chance to see the outside world himself. He couldn't wait to look out of the window beside the bed. However, to his surprise, it faced a blank wall. He felt ashamed again and closed his eyes only to find his envy had changed him totally.