2022届高考英语二轮复习：语法专题 形容词副词学案（无答案）

2022届高考英语二轮复习语法专题（全国通用）
形容词和副词
概念：
用法：
一、形容词的句法功能
1、作定语
作表语
默写系动词：
3、作补足语
4、常见的复合形容词
kind-hearted
dark-blue
tired-looking
clean-washed
hard-working
newly-made
world-famous
peace-loving
snow-covered
man-made
three-hour
four-storeyed
名词/ 动词变形容词的规则
名词+al nation—national 国家的 agriculture—agricultural 农业的
动词+ive create—creative 创造性的 attract—attractive 有吸引力的
动词+able change—changeable 易变的 accept—acceptable 可接受的
eat—eatable 可吃的 adapt –adaptable 能适应能力的
名词+ful mouth—mouthful 满口的 care—careful小心的
hope希望---hopeful 有希望的 pain-painful 疼痛的
名词+ish child—childish 孩子气的 fool-foolish 愚蠢的
名词+ly friend—friendly 有好的 week-weekly每周的
名词+y storm—stormy 暴风雨的 dirt—dirty 脏的
noise—noisy 吵闹的 luck—lucky 幸运的
名词+ous danger—dangerous 危险的 humor –humorous 幽默的
二、副词的句法功能
作状语
三、易混淆的词
1、hard—hardly
例：He works hard. He hardly smokes.
2、late—lately —later — latest
例：She always come back late.
Lately, I have had trouble sleeping.
She came back 3 days later.
I got the latest album of Jay.
3、-ly结尾的形容词
friendly , lovely, lonely, lively, deadly(致命的)，elderly (年龄较大的)，yearly, monthly, daily, weekly,be likely to (可能做某事)
四、常考的几组副词用法:
1、though意为：
2、besides意为：
3、however意为
4、therefore意为：
5、instead 意为：
6、ago和before
A、ago一般用于
B、before
adj. 变adv.的规则
1、大部分副词由相应形容词加后缀-ly构成
slow—slowly 缓慢地 exact—exactly 精确地
natural—naturally 自然地 obvious—obviously 显然地
2、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i再加-ly
happy-happily angry—angrily
noisy--noisily
3、以-le结尾的词，去-e再加-y
terrible—terribly 糟糕地 gentle --gently 温柔地
possible—possibly 可能地 simple – simply 简单地
comfortable ---comfortably 舒适地 probable—probably 可能地
4、以-e结尾的词直接加-ly
fortunate—fortunately 幸运地 polite –politely 礼貌地
rude—rudely 粗鲁地 complete—completely 完全地
特殊：true—truly真实地
5、以-ic结尾的词加ally
energetic –energetically 有活力地 basic—basically 基本上
automatic—automatically 自动地 scientific—scientifically 科学地
形容词、副词的比较级构成
原级 比较级 最高级
第一类 tall taller tallest
第二类 large nice larger nicer largest nicest
第三类 easy happy easier happier easiest happiest
第四类 （辅元辅） hot thin hotter thinner hottest thinnest
第五类 important quickly more important more quickly most important most quickly
第六类 不规则 good/well bad/badly/ill old much/many little far better worse older/elder more less farther/further best worst oldest/eldest most least farthest/furthest
一、形容词/ 副词原级用法
1、as..as.. 和..一样(as+形容词/ 副词原级+as) , not as..as.. 不如...
2、as+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+as
二、形容词/ 副词比较级用法
1、比较级+than，表示：更….
2、比较级+and+比较级, 表示：越来越….
3、the+比较级， the+比较级 表示:越…越…
4、比较级前可以用_________________________________等词来修饰，表示程度。
5、两者比较
三、形容词/ 副词最高级用法
1、有“最”的意思
2、one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数+比较范围，表示：…中最…之一
3、三者比较
4、否定句中的比较级
5、形容词最高级前必须加the，副词可不加，如果最高级前有some、any、形容词性物主代词等修饰时，不加the。
形容词副词练习
A部分
一、句子改错
Dad and I were terrible worried.
On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.
So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.
I noticed the carriage was noise and filled with people.
二、语法填空
1. He is far (active) in this activity.
2.Chinese scientists (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda.
3.Just be (patience) and slowly work out the problem.
4.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is (clean) than ever.
5.There are (amaze)things in the world.
B部分
Passage 1(用所给词的适当形式填空)
Some people think that they will get ill if they use their brains too much.It is not　1　(truth). Through many studies,scientists show us that the　2　(much)you use your brain,the better it will be and the　3　(clever)you will become.
Of course,if you want to keep your mind　4　(clearly)and active,you must take a proper rest and study　5　(proper).To the teenagers,using their brains in the morning is　6　(well)for their health.
There are many ways to rest.One is a　7　(peace)rest.Sleep is a peaceful rest. Another is an　8　(act)rest.For example,take a walk　9　(outdoor)and do more exercise every day.To change the way of brains' activities is also a good way to rest.
In everyday life,to eat some eggs,meat,fresh vegetables and fruit is also good for the brain.
Wish you a wise man and a　10　(happily)life.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
Passage 2(用所给词的适当形式填空)
　　Mary had lived in China for　1　(near) twenty years before she came here. I've planned to visit China next year. So I requested her to tell me the　2　(good) time to go there. Mary said to me, “The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November. During these months, the weather is　3　(particular) pleasant throughout the country, neither too hot nor too cold.”
I'm　4　(interest) in tasting all kinds of food all over the world. I asked her to say something about 　5　(China) food. “Well, Chinese food is delicious and　6　(reasonable) priced. What is even　7　(good) is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips,” she said 　8　(patient). “Language can be a problem in China,　9　(especial) for first-time visitors,” said Mary. She advised me to learn some　10　(base) words and phrases. Moreover, she reminded me to carry an English-Chinese pocket dictionary.
1.　　　　2.　　　　3.　　　　4.　　　　5.　　　
6.　　　　7.　　　　8.　　　　9.　　　　10.　　　
当堂过手训练（考点归纳）
词性变换
While there are __________(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradule and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be _________(patience).
There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxiouss and _________(disappoint).
形修名，副修动
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __________(gradual)turned into chopstiks.
The company says it ________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers ________(sudden) became friendly to one another.
When we are wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was __________(surprise) helpful.
比较级
Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________(clean) than ever.
The __________(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit.
最高级
Xiamen is one of ______________(attractive) cities that I have ever been to.
They were also the best and ___________(bad) years in my life.
单句改错
The dishes that I cooked were Mom’s favoritest.
My mum makes the better biscuits in the world, so I decided to ask her for help.
Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady.
Dad and I were terrible worried.
He liked it very much that he quickly walked into the shop.
形容词副词专项练习
1.…we decided it was time for some action and what ___5___ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
【答案】better
【解析】
考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
2.Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ____10____ (day) routines.
【答案】daily
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
3.Provide ___8___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
【答案】financial
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
4.It will ____3___(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】
考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
5.The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____4____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it
【答案】hotter
【解析】
考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
6.When the house was built, it was much __4___ （small）than it is today.
【答案】smaller
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
7.In my opinion, when in trouble, we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
【答案】mostly→most
【解析】考查副词。句意同上。副词mostly，意为“大多数”；most意为“最”，此处指最相信的人，指程度。故mostly改为most。
8.What’s most, doing housework can be a form of mentally relaxation from study.
【答案】1.most→more 2. mentally→mental
【解析】
1. 考查形容词比较等级。句意：此外，做家务可以是一种从学习中获得精神放松的方式。固定短语“what’s more”译为“此外”。故将most改为more。
2.考查形容词。句意：同时，这也给了我们的父母更多的时间去做他们喜欢的事情，改善了家庭关系。修饰名词relaxation(放松)需要用形容词。故将mentally改为mental。
9.Worried about ____10____ (globe) warming You should be.
【答案】global
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：担心全球变暖吗？空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词warming。结合句意表示“全球变暖”可知短语为global warming。故填global。
10.Since I had a fear of needles, I was ___6___(willing) to take his advice. But by this time I was so tired that I was prepared to try almost anything.
【答案】unwilling
【解析】
考查形容词反义词。句意：因为我害怕打针，所以我不愿意接受他的建议。根据“Since I had a fear of needles”可知，“我”不愿意接受他的建议。应用willing的反义词unwilling表示“不愿意的”。故填unwilling。
11.He then inserted a needle in my right foot between my first and second toe, and, despite my anxiety, I fell asleep ___10___ (immediate). At the time I considered the whole experience to be close to a miracle.
【答案】immediately
【解析】
考查副词。句意：然后他在我右脚的第一个和第二个脚趾之间插了一根针，尽管我很焦虑，我还是马上睡着了。修饰动词fell，应用副词。故填immediately。
12.But I was having a hard time finding someone who would pay the fully price.
【答案】fully→full
【解析】
考查形容词。句意：但我很难找到愿意付全价的人。修饰名词price应用形容词。故将fully改为full。
A focus on quality would make us likely to pay ______5______(much) for better-made items, which would reduce the desire to keep shopping, while slowing demand for fast fashion overall.
【答案】more
【解析】
考查比较级。句意：对衣物质量的关注让我们在高品质的衣物上可能花费的更多，这将减少持续购物的欲望，同时也减慢对快时尚的需求。根据句意可知，高品质的衣物价格更高，此处应用比较级形式，与空后的better-made相对应，故用more。