中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动词和动词短语考点解析
考点一 动词
动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
一、实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语
I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补
We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟波莉。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.
昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有have,see,watch,notice,hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见带双宾语的动词有give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,offer,pass,teach,tell等。
2.不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整,不需要接宾语。
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词+介词
Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词+副词+介词
Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!
He gets along well with his classmates.他与同学们相处得很好。
注意:这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如live,study,work,keep,teach等。
We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。
非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,
如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。
The old man has been dead for two years.那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has died)
He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。
二、系动词
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
常见的系动词有be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep等。这些词没有被动语态。
He is strong.他是强壮的。
He is a strong man.他是一个强壮的人。
Mr Wang seems very angry.王先生似乎很生气。
This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。
Her face turns red.她的脸红了。
三、助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和主要动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be,have,has,had,do,does,did,will和shall等。
1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)
结构 时态/语态 例句
be+现在分词 进行时 They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他们问我整个下午在做什么。
be+过去分词 被动语态 English is spoken in many countries.许多国家在讲英语。
2.助动词have/has/had+过去分词,构成完成时。
We have studied English for five years.我们学英语已经五年了。
Have you seen Li Hua 你已经见到李华了吗
3.助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句和否定句,用于倒装句,加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。
—Do you live in China 你住在中国吗
—Yes,I do.是的,我住在中国。
He didn’t play basketball yesterday.他昨天没有打篮球。
Only then did I realize I was wrong.直到那时我才意识到我错了。
4.助动词will/would和shall/should用于构成将来时。(shall仅用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)
There will be a football match this evening.今晚将有一场足球比赛。
I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下个生日,我就十六岁了。
He asked me when we would leave.他问我我们何时动身。
四、常见动词词义辨析
三个“到达” get get to+地点名词
reach 及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive in+大地点(名词)at+小地点(名词)
三个“借” borrow 非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.
lend 非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth. to sb.
keep 延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”
三个“穿” dress dress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress sb.up打扮某人
put on 穿上、戴上,表示动作
wear 穿着、戴着,表示状态
四个“看” see “看见”,表示结果
look “看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语
watch 观看(比赛、电视)
read “看(书、报)”,表示阅读
四个“拿” bring “带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”
take “拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”
carry “扛,搬”,没有方向
fetch “去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西”
四个“说” speak 作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词或表示“说,讲述”
say 常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容
talk 是不及物动词,常跟介词to和with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话的能力
tell 意为“告诉”,与story连用意为“讲故事”
四个“花费” spend 人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.
cost 物作主语,表示“某物花费多少钱”
take 可用于固定句型,表示“花费一段时间做某事”,其结构为:It+takes/took+一段时间+to do sth.
pay 与介词for连用
两个“找” look for 强调寻找的过程
find 强调找的结果
两个“听” listen to listen 为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调听的动作
hear 强调听的结果
四个有关“赢、输” lose 意为“输给”某人,固定搭配为lose to sb.
fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事”
beat 意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍
win 意为“赢得”,赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等
三个“参加” join 一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等
take part in 指参加聚会或活动
attend 一般指出席会议
考点二 动词短语
1.常见动词短语类型
动词+介词 laugh at嘲笑 point at指向 worry about担忧agree with赞成 ask for请求 talk about谈论
动词+副词 pick up捡起 grow up长大 look out当心 stay up熬夜
动词+名词 make progress取得进步 make faces做鬼脸
动词+名词+介词 make friends with...和……交朋友give one’s life to...献身于……
动词+副词+介词 stay away from远离 get along with进展;相处
动词+介词+名词 go to school去上学 go to bed上床睡觉
2.常见的动词短语:
take短语 take up占据(一定的时间或空间)
take away带走;拿走
take off起飞;脱掉
take down写下;记下
take out获得
take place发生
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take on 呈现
make短语 make a decision作出决定
make a mistake犯错
make a living谋生
make up组成;构成
turn短语 turn on打开
turn off关闭
turn up开大;调高
turn down调低;关小;拒绝
turn in上交
turn out结果是
give短语 give up放弃
give in屈服;让步
give away捐赠
give out散发;分发
give off发出(光、热等)
get短语 get to到达
get up起床;起来
get over克服
get on进展
get off离开
get together相聚
get ready for...为……做准备
keep短语 keep out留在外面
keep off使……不接近;回避某话题
keep up with并驾齐驱;跟上
keep away from远离
keep in touch保持联系
keep healthy保持健康
put短语 put up搭建;张贴
put on穿上;上演
put off推迟
put out熄灭
put away把……收起来
put down写下;记下
put up with容忍
look短语 look at看
look for寻找
look after照顾
look up查阅
look through浏览
look around环顾
come短语 come on加油;快点
come out出现;出版
come over来访
come along出现
go短语 go on继续
go back回到
go away走开;离开
go by(时间)流逝
go over仔细检查
go off爆炸
三个(be)used to be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事,此时to是介词,后用v.-ing形式
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
一
1．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）My mother often ________ me a story in the evening.
A．tells B．says C．speaks D．talks
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我妈妈经常在晚上给我讲故事。
考查动词辨析。tells讲述，告诉；says说（内容）；speaks说（语言）；talks谈论。tell a story讲一个故事，故选A。
2．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What do you think of Jack
—He is honest. All of us ________ him.
A．trust B．refuse C．protect D．hate
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你觉得Jack怎么样？——他很诚实。我们都信任他。
考查动词辨析。trust信任；refuse拒绝；protect保护；hate憎恨。根据“He is honest”可知，诚实的孩子通常值得别人信任，故选A。
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Henry, did you drive back to your hometown during the Spring Festival
—No, I was ______ to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest at that time.
A．praised B．taught C．warned D．advised
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——亨利，春节期间你开车回家乡了吗？——不，有人建议我坐火车，因为那个时候交通通常是最繁忙的。
考查动词辨析。praised表扬；taught教；warned警告；advised建议。根据“because the traffic is often the busiest at that time”可知春节期间交通繁忙，被建议坐火车。故选D。
4．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我能借你的字典多长时间？——一周。但是你不能把它借给其他人。
考查动词辨析。borrow借，是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间搭配使用；keep保存，保持，是延续性动词；lend借给，瞬间性动词；have拥有。根据第一句话中How long可知，表示一段时间，要与延续性动词一起连用，排除AC。主语it是动作lend的承受者，用被动语态，故选B。
5．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）It’s parents’ job to ________ a clean and comfortable environment at home ________ their children.
A．support; with B．offer; with C．give; for D．provide; for
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在家里给孩子们提供一个干净舒适的环境是父母的责任。
考查动词辨析。support支持；offer提供；give给；provide提供。根据“…a clean and comfortable environment at home…their children”可知，此处表示“提供”，排除AC；offer sth to sb/provide sth for sb提供某物给某人，故选D。
6．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Why does our chemistry teacher often ________ her
—Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time.
A．praise B．forget C．control D．hurt
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——为什么我们的化学老师经常表扬她？——因为她每次化学都得满分。
考查动词辨析。praise表扬；forget忘记；control控制；hurt伤害。根据“Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time”可推断，得满分老师会表扬这位学生，故选A。
7．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Would you please ________ what you said
—Sure. I asked you to have a rest. It’s too hot today.
A．show B．spell C．review D．repeat
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——请你重复一遍你说的话好吗？——当然。我让你休息一下。今天太热了。
考查动词辨析。show展示；spell拼写；review复习；repeat重复。根据宾语“what you said”可知，空处应用repeat，重复。故选D。
8．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Hi, Ann. Do you know where your English teacher Mr. Liu is
— He ________ be in the classroom. It’s the English class now.
A．can B．must C．may D．need
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——嗨，安。你知道你的英语老师刘先生在哪里吗？ ——他一定在教室里。现在是英语课。
考查情态动词。can能；must一定；may可能；need需要。根据下文“It’s the English class now”可知，此处指的是很有把握的推测，故应用情态动词must。故选B。
9．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）—What about going for a picnic this weekend
—I’d like to, but the final exam is coming. I ________ to stay at home.
A．prefer B．discover C．refuse D．achieve
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——这个周末去野餐怎么样？——我很想去，但是期末考试就要来了。我宁愿呆在家里。
考查动词辨析。prefer宁愿；discover发现；refuse拒绝；achieve实现。根据前句“I’d like to, but the final exam is coming.”可知，应是宁愿呆在家里。故选A。
10．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Mum, could you help me _______ my toy car I can’t ________ it anywhere!
A．look for; find B．find; look for C．look; find out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：妈妈，你能帮我找一下我的玩具汽车吗？我到处都找不到它。
考查动词辨析。look看，是不及物动词；look for寻找，强调动作；find找到，强调结果；find out查明，弄清楚。根据句意可知，第一个空表示“帮忙找”，指动作，应用look for；第二个空表示结果“找到”，应用find。故选A。
11．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）— I’ll go back to my hometown, honey. ________ to buy me a ticket, please.
— OK, single or return
A．Regret B．Remain C．Require D．Remember
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我将要回我的家乡了，亲爱的。请记得给我买张票。——好的，单程还是往返票？
考查动词辨析。Regret遗憾；Remain保持；Require要求；Remember记得。根据“to buy me a ticket”和“OK, single or return ”可知，此处表示记得去买票，故选D。
12．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）—What a great success the film Hi, Mum has made!
—That’s true. So far it has ________ tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.
A．attracted B．expected C．requested D．encouraged
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——电影《你好，李焕英》取得了巨大的成功！——确实如此。到目前为止，它已经吸引了数千万人去电影院。
考查动词辨析。attracted吸引；expected期待；requested要求；encouranged鼓励。根据“What a great success the film Hi, Mum has made”及“So far it has … tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.”可知，这部电影很成功，吸引了许多人去观看，故选A。
13．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）It ________ Zhang Guimei many years to help about 1,800 girl students in poor areas realize their college dreams.
A．took B．spent C．cost
【答案】A
【详解】句意：张桂梅花了多年时间帮助贫困地区约1800名女生实现了大学梦。
考查动词辨析。took花费，句型是It took/takes sb some time to do sth；spent花费，主语是人；cost花费，主语是物；根据句子结构可知，此处应用took，故选A。
14．（2021·新疆中考真题）— I saw Mr. Li in his office just now.
— No, it ______ be him. He has ______ Guangzhou and will be back in two days.
A．mustn’t；gone to B．mustn’t；been to C．can’t；been to D．can’t；gone to
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我刚才看见李先生在他的办公室里。 ——不，不可能是他。他去了广州，两天后回来。
考查情态动词和现在完成时。mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；have been to意为“曾经去过某地”，表示现在已不在那里了；have gone to意为“已经去了某地”，说话时此人还没回来。根据下文“He has gone to Guangzhou”可知，此处表否定推测，A、B选项可排除。根据下文“will be back in two days”可知，李先生还在广州没有回来，故第二空应用gone to。故选D。
15．（2021·湖北荆州市·中考真题）— Do you know Zhang Guimei, who was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”
— Yes, she ______ the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.
A．educated B．created C．memorized D．dreamed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你知道被誉为“感动中国人物”之一的张桂梅吗？——是的，她为山区的女孩创建了第一所免费高中，并帮助1800多名学生上大学。
考查动词辨析。educated教育；created创建；memorized记住；dreamed梦想。根据“the first free high school for girls”可知，是为女孩创建了第一所免费高中，故选B。
16．（2021·青海中考真题）—The government has developed the law ________.
—Yeah, lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates.
A．to keep restaurants clean B．to protect people
C．to stop food waste
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——政府已经制定了阻止食物浪费的法律。——是啊，很多餐馆都鼓励人们吃干净盘子里的食物。
考查动词短语。to keep restaurants clean保持餐厅干净；to protect people保护人们；to stop food waste阻止食物浪费。根据“lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates”可知，清盘行动是为了阻止食物浪费，故选C。
17．（2021·青海中考真题）Mom is cooking chicken soup, it ________ so good.
A．sounds B．tastes C．smells
【答案】C
【详解】句意：妈妈在煮鸡汤，闻起来真香。
考查动词辨析。sounds听起来；tastes尝起来；smells闻起来。根据“Mom is cooking chicken soup”可知，正在做还没做好，所以是闻起来香，故选C。
18．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）— Is the man Mr. Yang
— It ______ be him. He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——那个人是杨先生吗？——不可能是他。他去长沙开会了。
考查情态动词。needn’t不需要；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；根据“He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.”可知，那个人不可能是杨先生，否定的推测用can’t，故选C。
19．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you __________a life without it
A．imagine B．expect C．understand
【答案】A
【详解】句意：互联网与我们的日常生活息息相关。你能想象没有它的生活吗？
考查动词辨析。imagine想象；expect期待；understand理解。根据“The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life.”可知，互联网在我们的生活中至关重要，此处指能否想象没有互联网的生活。故选A。
20．（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）—Is anything worth seeing in Xi’an
—Yes. Don’t ________ the amazing Terracotta Army.
A．offer B．miss C．share
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——西安有什么值得一看的吗？——有的。不要错过令人惊叹的兵马俑。
考查动词辨析。offer提供；miss错过；share分享。根据“Don’t…the amazing Terracotta Army.”可知，不能错过兵马俑，故选B。
二
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）Lingling’s father tried his best to ________ who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident.
A．work out B．find out C．look out D．come out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：玲玲的父亲尽了最大努力想找出事故发生后是谁把他女儿送进医院的。
考查动词短语辨析。work out解决，算出；find out找出，查明；look out当心；come out出版。根据“who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident”可知，他是想找出谁把他女儿送到医院的。故选B。
2．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）Stop playing computer games. It ________ too much of your time.
A．takes up B．takes off C．takes back D．takes down
【答案】A
【详解】句意：不要再玩电脑游戏了。它占用了你太多的时间。
考查动词短语辨析。takes up占据；takes off脱下；takes back拿回；takes down记下。根据“ It…too much of your time”可知，此处指占用太多时间，因此劝诫对方不要再玩电脑游戏了。故选A。
3．（2021·广西中考真题）Tony ________ his grandfather in the hospital last summer.
A．looked after B．laughed at C．pointed at D．ran after
【答案】A
【详解】句意：托尼去年夏天在医院里照顾他的祖父。
考查动词短语辨析。looked after照顾；laughed at嘲笑；pointed at指出；ran after追赶。根据“Tony … his grandfather in the hospital last summer”可知，是在医院照顾祖父，故选A。
4．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What happened to Robert
—He ________ from the tree and hurt his left leg.
A．fell down B．fell over C．went off D．went by
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——罗伯特怎么了？——他从树上掉下来，伤了左腿。
考查动词短语。fell down摔倒，落下；fell over跌倒；went off离开；went by经过。根据“from the tree”可知是从树上掉下来了，fall down from从……掉下来。故选A。
5．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What is Tom doing
—He is ________ the English speech in the hall.
A．paying for B．preparing for C．caring for D．looking for
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Tom正在做什么？——他正在大厅里准备英语演讲。
考查动词短语辨析。paying for支付；preparing for准备；caring for关心；looking for寻找。根据“the English speech in the hall”可知，是正在准备英语演讲，故选B。
6．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.
A．set out B．find out C．leave out D．bring out
【答案】B
【详解】句意：潘建伟已经成为一位著名的科学家。当他还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢了解事物是如何运作的。
考查动词短语。set out出发，开始；find out找出，弄清；leave out遗漏；bring out激发，使显示。根据“Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist.”可推出是喜欢弄清楚事物是如何运作的。故选B。
7．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）The minute the alarm clock ________, I got up and took a quick shower.
A．went by B．went out C．went off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：闹钟一响，我就起床冲了个澡。
考查动词短语。went by时间逝去；went out熄灭；went off突然发出响声；根据“the alarm clock”可知，此处指的是“闹钟突然发出响声”，故选C。
8．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）—Suzy, your room is really in a mess.
—Sorry, Mum. I’ll ________ right now.
A．tidy up B．put up C．look up D．stay up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——苏西，你的房间真是一团糟。——对不起，妈妈。我马上收拾。
考查动词短语。tidy up收拾，整理；put up张贴；look up查找；stay up熬夜。根据“your room is really in a mess”可知，苏西要收拾房间。故选A。
9．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）My father always tells me never to ______ when I am in trouble.
A．give up B．put on C．help out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我的父亲总是告诉我，当我遇到困难时，永远不要放弃。
考查动词短语辨析。give up放弃；put on穿上；help out帮助……摆脱困难。根据“My father always tells me never to … when I am in trouble”可知，遇到困难不要放弃，故选A。
10．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Jim, please help me ________ the tent.
—OK. I’m coming. It’s exciting to sleep in it tonight.
A．get on B．get off C．pull down D．put up
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——吉姆，请帮我搭起帐篷。——好的。我来了。今晚睡在里面很刺激。
考查动词短语辨析。get on上车；get off下车；pull down摧毁、拆掉；put up搭起、举起。根据下文“It’s exciting to sleep in it tonight.”可知，应是搭起帐篷。故选D。
11．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—The songs the little girl sings are very sweet.
—She ________ a good voice. Nobody taught her.
A．takes care of B．is similar to C．looks forward to D．is born with
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——这个小女孩唱的歌很好听。——她生来就有一副好嗓子。没有人教她。
考查短语辨析。takes care of照顾；is similar to与……相似；looks forward to期待；is born with天生具有。根据“Nobody taught her”可知，她的嗓音不是后天形成的而是天生具有的，故选D。
12．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— China’s Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars last week!
— What exciting news! Let’s ________ more information about it on the Internet.
A．find out B．hear of C．shut off D．think about
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——中国的天问一号探测器上周在火星上进行了历史性的着陆！——多么令人兴奋的消息！让我们在网上找到更多关于它的信息。
考查动词短语。find out找出；hear of听说；shut off关掉；think about考虑。根据“more information about it on the Internet”可知，此处指在网上找信息。故选A。
13．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Yuan Longping ________ people’s food supply(粮食供应) around the world during his life.
— Yeah. He is regarded as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”(杂交水稻之父).
A．looked up B．depended on C．cared for D．agreed with
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——袁隆平一生都在关心世界各地人民的粮食供应。 ——是的。他被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
考查动词短语。looked up查找；depended on依赖于；cared for关心；agreed with同意。根据下文“people’s food supply around the world”可知，此处指的是袁隆平一生都在关心世界各地人民的粮食供应。故选C。
14．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）Our government is looking for some ways, including the 3-child policy (政策) to ________ the problem of ageing population (人口老龄化).
A．agree with B．start with C．compare with D．deal with
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我们政府正在寻找一些方法，包括三孩政策，来解决人口老龄化问题。
考查动词短语。agree with同意；start with开始；compare with比较；deal with处理。根据“the problem of ageing population”可知表达处理问题，用动词短语“deal with”。故选D。
15．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）— Mike, can you tell me the meaning of the letters “KIT”
— Don’t you know that They ________ “keep in touch”.
A．search for B．ask for C．look for D．stand for
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——迈克，你能告诉我字母“KIT”的意思吗？ ——你不知道吗？他们代表“保持联系”。
考查动词短语。search for搜索；ask for请求；look for寻找；stand for代表。根据语境可知，此处指的是“KIT”所代表的的含义，故此处应用动词短语stand for，故选D。
16．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）You should ________ your shoes before you enter the dancing room.
A．get off B．put off C．take off D．fall off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在进入舞蹈房之前，你应该脱掉鞋子。
考查动词短语辨析。get off 下车；put off延期；take off脱掉；fall off跌落。根据“You should…your shoes”可知，此处表示脱掉鞋子，故选C。
17．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Please hurry up! The plane will _________ in half an hour.
A．take up B．take after C．take off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：请快点！飞机将于半小时后起飞。
考查动词短语辨析。take up占据；take after与……相像；take off起飞。根据“The plane will…in half an hour”可知，飞机要起飞了，故选C。
18．（2021·海南中考真题）— What are you going to be when you ________
— I want to be a doctor like Wu Mengchao.
A．grow up B．turn up C．get up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——当你长大后，你想成为什么人？——我想成为像吴孟超一样的医生。
考查动词短语。grow up长大；turn up开大；get up起床。根据“ I want to be a doctor like Wu Mengchao.”可知此处指长大以后想成为的人。故选A。
19．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）—The computer is working again!
—It ________ yesterday, but someone has fixed it.
A．broke down B．broke out C．broke into D．broke away
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——电脑又开始工作了！——它昨天发生故障了，但有人修好了。
考查动词短语辨析。broke down发生故障；broke out爆发；broke into闯入；broke away脱离。根据后句“but someone has fixed it.”可知，应是电脑发生故障了。故选A。
20．（2021·吉林中考真题）I want to make Russian soup. Could you please ________ the tomatoes for me
A．cut up B．get up C．dress up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我想做罗宋汤。你能帮我把西红柿切碎吗？
考查动词短语。cut up切碎；get up起床；dress up打扮。根据“I want to make Russian soup”可知，此处是表达“切碎”西红柿。故选A。
21．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）The Tokyo Olympics will be held from July 23 to Aug 8. Chinese athletes （运动员）will _______ 155 events.
A．take part in B．take care of C．take pride in D．pay attention to
【答案】A
【详解】句意：东京奥运会将在7月23日到8月8日举行。中国运动员将参加155项赛事。
考查动词短语。take part in参与；take care of照顾；take pride in以……而自豪；pay attention to注意。根据“Chinese athletes ”及“155 events”可知表达“参与”，用动词短语“take part in”。故选A。
22．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Jimmy wants to _________ his trip because he is too busy with his studies.
A．put off B．wait for C．prepare for
【答案】A
【详解】句意：Jimmy想要推迟旅行，因为他忙着学习。
考查动词短语。put off推迟；wait for等待；prepare for准备。根据“...because he is too busy with his studies.”可知因为忙于学习，希望推迟旅行。故选A。
23．（2021·福建中考真题）— I haven’t ________ your phone number yet. Could you say it again
—Certainly. It’s 8250-2336.
A．put up B．written down C．thrown away
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我还没有记下你的电话号码。你能再说一遍吗？——当然可以。电话是8250-2336。
考查动词短语。put up张贴；written down写下；thrown away扔掉；根据“your phone number yet. Could you say it again ”可知，是没有记下电话号码，故选B。
24．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）My brother was quite careless, so he ________ in spelling in the exam.
A．made mistakes B．made decisions C．made plans
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我弟弟很粗心，所以他在考试中犯了拼写错误。
考查词义辨析。made mistakes犯错；made decisions做决定；made plans制定计划。根据“My brother was quite careless”可知，粗心犯错，故选A。
25．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）When my mother came into my room, I was just lying in bed and waiting for the alarm to _________.
A．put off B．take off C．turn off D．go off
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当我妈妈走进我的房间时，我正躺在床上等着闹钟响。
考查动词短语。put off推迟；take off脱下；turn off关掉；go off发出响声；根据“I was just lying in bed and waiting for the alarm”可知，是等着闹钟响，故选D。
26．（2021·青海中考真题）—Could you please ________ some ideas for dealing with students’ problems
—Yes, less homework and more outdoor activities may be good ways.
A．come up with B．look back at C．try out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你能提出一些解决学生问题的办法吗？——是的，少做作业多做户外活动可能是好方法。
考查动词短语辨析。come up with想出；look back at回头看；try out试验。根据“some ideas”可知，此处指想出一些办法，故选A。
27．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Are you kidding I can’t believe it!
—I’m serious. I’m not ___________ a story. It really happened!
A．making up B．looking up C．taking up
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你在开玩笑吗？真不敢相信！——我是认真的。我不是在编故事。真的发生了！
考查动词短语。make up编造；look up查阅；take up占据；根据“It really happened”可知，不是在编故事，故选A。
28．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）Who’s going to look after the children when their mother is in hospital
A．take care of B．run after C．go up D．get over
【答案】A
【详解】句意：孩子们的妈妈住院时，谁来照顾他们呢？
考查动词短语辨析。take care of照顾；run after追赶；go up增长；get over克服。原句“look after”的意思是“照顾”，与take care of意思相同。故选A。
29．（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）—Do you think it necessary for teenagers to learn cooking at home
—Sure. Cooking is ________ an important part of education in China.
A．prepared for B．regarded as C．compared with
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你认为青少年有必要在家里学习烹饪吗？——当然。烹饪在中国被视为教育的重要组成部分。
考查动词短语。prepared for为……做好准备；regarded as被视为；compared with与……相比较。根据“Cooking is … an important part of education in China”可知，烹饪被视为教育的重要部分，故选B。
30．（2021·山西中考真题）In daily life, everyone should ________ the lies. After all, being honest comes first.
A．pay attention to B．get used to C．stay away from
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在日常生活中，每个人都应该远离谎言。毕竟，诚实是第一位的。
考查动词短语。pay attention to关注；get used to习惯；stay away from远离。根据“After all, being honest comes first”可知，诚实是最重要的，所以要远离谎言，故选C。
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动词和动词短语考点解析
考点一 动词
动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
一、实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语
I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补
We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟波莉。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.
昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有have,see,watch,notice,hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见带双宾语的动词有give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,offer,pass,teach,tell等。
2.不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整,不需要接宾语。
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。(及物动词)
We study hard.我们努力学习。(不及物动词)
(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词+介词
Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词+副词+介词
Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!
He gets along well with his classmates.他与同学们相处得很好。
注意:这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。
3.延续性动词和非延续性动词
(1)延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如live,study,work,keep,teach等。
We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.自2001年以来,我们一直住在苏州。
非延续性动词表示瞬间动作,动作一旦发生立即结束,
如buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come,catch等,非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用,就要用其他的词代替。
The old man has been dead for two years.那个老人已经去世两年了。(这里不能用has died)
He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。
二、系动词
系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,必须和表语一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。
常见的系动词有be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep等。这些词没有被动语态。
He is strong.他是强壮的。
He is a strong man.他是一个强壮的人。
Mr Wang seems very angry.王先生似乎很生气。
This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。
Her face turns red.她的脸红了。
三、助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。它必须和主要动词连用,帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be,have,has,had,do,does,did,will和shall等。
1.助动词be(am,is,are,was,were)
结构 时态/语态 例句
be+现在分词 进行时 They asked me what I was doing all afternoon.他们问我整个下午在做什么。
be+过去分词 被动语态 English is spoken in many countries.许多国家在讲英语。
2.助动词have/has/had+过去分词,构成完成时。
We have studied English for five years.我们学英语已经五年了。
Have you seen Li Hua 你已经见到李华了吗
3.助动词do/does/did用于构成疑问句和否定句,用于倒装句,加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。
—Do you live in China 你住在中国吗
—Yes,I do.是的,我住在中国。
He didn’t play basketball yesterday.他昨天没有打篮球。
Only then did I realize I was wrong.直到那时我才意识到我错了。
4.助动词will/would和shall/should用于构成将来时。(shall仅用于第一人称,will可用于各种人称)
There will be a football match this evening.今晚将有一场足球比赛。
I shall be sixteen years old next birthday.到下个生日,我就十六岁了。
He asked me when we would leave.他问我我们何时动身。
四、常见动词词义辨析
三个“到达” get get to+地点名词
reach 及物动词,后面可直接跟地点名词
arrive in+大地点(名词)at+小地点(名词)
三个“借” borrow 非延续性动词,表示主语“借入”,常用搭配borrow sth. from sb.
lend 非延续性动词,表示主语“借出”,常用搭配lend sth. to sb.
keep 延续性动词,表示“长时间地借”
三个“穿” dress dress sb.给某人穿衣服;dress sb.up打扮某人
put on 穿上、戴上,表示动作
wear 穿着、戴着,表示状态
四个“看” see “看见”,表示结果
look “看”,表示动作,是不及物动词,后面需加介词at才能跟宾语
watch 观看(比赛、电视)
read “看(书、报)”,表示阅读
四个“拿” bring “带来,拿来”,表示“拿到靠近说话人的地方”
take “拿去,带走”,表示“拿到远离说话人的地方”
carry “扛,搬”,没有方向
fetch “去取,去拿”,表示“往返拿东西”
四个“说” speak 作及物动词时后接表示语言的名词或表示“说,讲述”
say 常跟直接引语或间接引语,并且表示说的内容
talk 是不及物动词,常跟介词to和with,意为“同……谈话”,也表示具有说话的能力
tell 意为“告诉”,与story连用意为“讲故事”
四个“花费” spend 人作主语,表示花费时间或金钱,后接on sth.或(in)doing sth.
cost 物作主语,表示“某物花费多少钱”
take 可用于固定句型,表示“花费一段时间做某事”,其结构为:It+takes/took+一段时间+to do sth.
pay 与介词for连用
两个“找” look for 强调寻找的过程
find 强调找的结果
两个“听” listen to listen 为不及物动词,与to组成固定搭配,强调听的动作
hear 强调听的结果
四个有关“赢、输” lose 意为“输给”某人,固定搭配为lose to sb.
fail 意为“失败”或“未做成某事”
beat 意为“打败”,后接sb.或某支队伍
win 意为“赢得”,赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等
三个“参加” join 一般指加入“党派”或“组织”,如参军、入党等
take part in 指参加聚会或活动
attend 一般指出席会议
考点二 动词短语
1.常见动词短语类型
动词+介词 laugh at嘲笑 point at指向 worry about担忧agree with赞成 ask for请求 talk about谈论
动词+副词 pick up捡起 grow up长大 look out当心 stay up熬夜
动词+名词 make progress取得进步 make faces做鬼脸
动词+名词+介词 make friends with...和……交朋友give one’s life to...献身于……
动词+副词+介词 stay away from远离 get along with进展;相处
动词+介词+名词 go to school去上学 go to bed上床睡觉
2.常见的动词短语:
take短语 take up占据(一定的时间或空间)
take away带走;拿走
take off起飞;脱掉
take down写下;记下
take out获得
take place发生
take care of照顾
take part in参加
take on 呈现
make短语 make a decision作出决定
make a mistake犯错
make a living谋生
make up组成;构成
turn短语 turn on打开
turn off关闭
turn up开大;调高
turn down调低;关小;拒绝
turn in上交
turn out结果是
give短语 give up放弃
give in屈服;让步
give away捐赠
give out散发;分发
give off发出(光、热等)
get短语 get to到达
get up起床;起来
get over克服
get on进展
get off离开
get together相聚
get ready for...为……做准备
keep短语 keep out留在外面
keep off使……不接近;回避某话题
keep up with并驾齐驱;跟上
keep away from远离
keep in touch保持联系
keep healthy保持健康
put短语 put up搭建;张贴
put on穿上;上演
put off推迟
put out熄灭
put away把……收起来
put down写下;记下
put up with容忍
look短语 look at看
look for寻找
look after照顾
look up查阅
look through浏览
look around环顾
come短语 come on加油;快点
come out出现;出版
come over来访
come along出现
go短语 go on继续
go back回到
go away走开;离开
go by(时间)流逝
go over仔细检查
go off爆炸
三个(be)used to be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事,此时to是介词,后用v.-ing形式
used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
一
1．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）My mother often ________ me a story in the evening.
A．tells B．says C．speaks D．talks
2．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What do you think of Jack
—He is honest. All of us ________ him.
A．trust B．refuse C．protect D．hate
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Henry, did you drive back to your hometown during the Spring Festival
—No, I was ______ to take the train because the traffic is often the busiest at that time.
A．praised B．taught C．warned D．advised
4．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
5．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）It’s parents’ job to ________ a clean and comfortable environment at home ________ their children.
A．support; with B．offer; with C．give; for D．provide; for
6．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Why does our chemistry teacher often ________ her
—Because she gets full marks in chemistry every time.
A．praise B．forget C．control D．hurt
7．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Would you please ________ what you said
—Sure. I asked you to have a rest. It’s too hot today.
A．show B．spell C．review D．repeat
8．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Hi, Ann. Do you know where your English teacher Mr. Liu is
— He ________ be in the classroom. It’s the English class now.
A．can B．must C．may D．need
9．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）—What about going for a picnic this weekend
—I’d like to, but the final exam is coming. I ________ to stay at home.
A．prefer B．discover C．refuse D．achieve
10．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Mum, could you help me _______ my toy car I can’t ________ it anywhere!
A．look for; find B．find; look for C．look; find out
11．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）— I’ll go back to my hometown, honey. ________ to buy me a ticket, please.
— OK, single or return
A．Regret B．Remain C．Require D．Remember
12．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）—What a great success the film Hi, Mum has made!
—That’s true. So far it has ________ tens of millions of people to go to the cinema.
A．attracted B．expected C．requested D．encouraged
13．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）It ________ Zhang Guimei many years to help about 1,800 girl students in poor areas realize their college dreams.
A．took B．spent C．cost
14．（2021·新疆中考真题）— I saw Mr. Li in his office just now.
— No, it ______ be him. He has ______ Guangzhou and will be back in two days.
A．mustn’t；gone to B．mustn’t；been to C．can’t；been to D．can’t；gone to
15．（2021·湖北荆州市·中考真题）— Do you know Zhang Guimei, who was honored as one of the “People Who Moved China”
— Yes, she ______ the first free high school for girls in mountain areas and has helped more than 1,800 students to go to college.
A．educated B．created C．memorized D．dreamed
16．（2021·青海中考真题）—The government has developed the law ________.
—Yeah, lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates.
A．to keep restaurants clean B．to protect people
C．to stop food waste
17．（2021·青海中考真题）Mom is cooking chicken soup, it ________ so good.
A．sounds B．tastes C．smells
18．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）— Is the man Mr. Yang
— It ______ be him. He has gone to Changsha for a meeting.
A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t
19．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）The Internet is so closely connected with our daily life. Can you __________a life without it
A．imagine B．expect C．understand
20．（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）—Is anything worth seeing in Xi’an
—Yes. Don’t ________ the amazing Terracotta Army.
A．offer B．miss C．share
二
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）Lingling’s father tried his best to ________ who took his daughter to the hospital after the accident.
A．work out B．find out C．look out D．come out
2．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）Stop playing computer games. It ________ too much of your time.
A．takes up B．takes off C．takes back D．takes down
3．（2021·广西中考真题）Tony ________ his grandfather in the hospital last summer.
A．looked after B．laughed at C．pointed at D．ran after
4．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What happened to Robert
—He ________ from the tree and hurt his left leg.
A．fell down B．fell over C．went off D．went by
5．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—What is Tom doing
—He is ________ the English speech in the hall.
A．paying for B．preparing for C．caring for D．looking for
6．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）Pan Jianwei has become a famous scientist. When he was a child, he liked to ______ how things worked.
A．set out B．find out C．leave out D．bring out
7．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）The minute the alarm clock ________, I got up and took a quick shower.
A．went by B．went out C．went off
8．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）—Suzy, your room is really in a mess.
—Sorry, Mum. I’ll ________ right now.
A．tidy up B．put up C．look up D．stay up
9．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）My father always tells me never to ______ when I am in trouble.
A．give up B．put on C．help out
10．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Jim, please help me ________ the tent.
—OK. I’m coming. It’s exciting to sleep in it tonight.
A．get on B．get off C．pull down D．put up
11．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—The songs the little girl sings are very sweet.
—She ________ a good voice. Nobody taught her.
A．takes care of B．is similar to C．looks forward to D．is born with
12．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— China’s Tianwen 1 probe made a historic landing on Mars last week!
— What exciting news! Let’s ________ more information about it on the Internet.
A．find out B．hear of C．shut off D．think about
13．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）— Yuan Longping ________ people’s food supply(粮食供应) around the world during his life.
— Yeah. He is regarded as the “Father of Hybrid Rice”(杂交水稻之父).
A．looked up B．depended on C．cared for D．agreed with
14．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）Our government is looking for some ways, including the 3-child policy (政策) to ________ the problem of ageing population (人口老龄化).
A．agree with B．start with C．compare with D．deal with
15．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）— Mike, can you tell me the meaning of the letters “KIT”
— Don’t you know that They ________ “keep in touch”.
A．search for B．ask for C．look for D．stand for
16．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）You should ________ your shoes before you enter the dancing room.
A．get off B．put off C．take off D．fall off
17．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Please hurry up! The plane will _________ in half an hour.
A．take up B．take after C．take off
18．（2021·海南中考真题）— What are you going to be when you ________
— I want to be a doctor like Wu Mengchao.
A．grow up B．turn up C．get up
19．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）—The computer is working again!
—It ________ yesterday, but someone has fixed it.
A．broke down B．broke out C．broke into D．broke away
20．（2021·吉林中考真题）I want to make Russian soup. Could you please ________ the tomatoes for me
A．cut up B．get up C．dress up
21．（2021·山东东营市·中考真题）The Tokyo Olympics will be held from July 23 to Aug 8. Chinese athletes （运动员）will _______ 155 events.
A．take part in B．take care of C．take pride in D．pay attention to
22．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Jimmy wants to _________ his trip because he is too busy with his studies.
A．put off B．wait for C．prepare for
23．（2021·福建中考真题）— I haven’t ________ your phone number yet. Could you say it again
—Certainly. It’s 8250-2336.
A．put up B．written down C．thrown away
24．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）My brother was quite careless, so he ________ in spelling in the exam.
A．made mistakes B．made decisions C．made plans
25．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）When my mother came into my room, I was just lying in bed and waiting for the alarm to _________.
A．put off B．take off C．turn off D．go off
26．（2021·青海中考真题）—Could you please ________ some ideas for dealing with students’ problems
—Yes, less homework and more outdoor activities may be good ways.
A．come up with B．look back at C．try out
27．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Are you kidding I can’t believe it!
—I’m serious. I’m not ___________ a story. It really happened!
A．making up B．looking up C．taking up
28．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）Who’s going to look after the children when their mother is in hospital
A．take care of B．run after C．go up D．get over
29．（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）—Do you think it necessary for teenagers to learn cooking at home
—Sure. Cooking is ________ an important part of education in China.
A．prepared for B．regarded as C．compared with
30．（2021·山西中考真题）In daily life, everyone should ________ the lies. After all, being honest comes first.
A．pay attention to B．get used to C．stay away from
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