中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
动词时态考点解析
考点一 动词的时态
一、动词的五种基本形式
英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。如:work—works—working—worked—worked。
1.动词的五种基本形式变化表
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式,也就是词典中一般给出的形式 be,havedo,learn
第三人称单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s runs,likes
以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach—teacheswash—washesgo—goespass—passes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-es study—studiestry—tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s stay—staysplay—plays
现在分词 一般在动词原形后加-ing read—reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—livingwrite—writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit—sittingbegin—beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—dyinglie—lyingtie—tying
过去式与过去分词(规则变化) 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carriedstudy—studied
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stoppedplan—planned
2.巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式和过去分词)
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eep -ept -ept keep,sweep,sleep
-ell -old -old sell,tell
-end -ent -ent lend,spend,send
-ay -aid -aid say,pay
-n -nt -nt burn,learn,mean
3.巧记ABC型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式,C代表过去分词)
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eak -oke -oken break,speak
-eal -ole -olen steal
-ear -ore -orn wear,bear,tear
-ow -ew -own grow,blow,know,throw
-i- -a- -u- sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin
-i- -o- -n drive,rise
4.巧记AAA型不规则动词(A代表原形、过去式和过去分词)
击中 受伤 让 吐痰 去掉 花费 读 放 切
hit hurt let spit rid cost read put cut
二、动词各种时态的用法
英语中各种时态的使用频率不同,下面分别介绍初中阶段要求掌握的六种时态。
1.一般现在时
(1)一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。如:
Tom often helps his parents do housework at home.汤姆在家经常帮助他的父母做家务。
Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself.有时候露西自己洗衣服。
(2)一般现在时的用法
1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。如:
I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。
2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
3)在某些以here,there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如:
There goes the bell.铃响了。
(3)与一般现在时连用的时间状语
1)表示频率的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。
2)on Sundays,on Monday afternoons,every day,every morning,every year等时间状语。
3)once a year,twice a month,three times a week 之类的表示频率的词组。
2.一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。如:
Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack.上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。
(2)一般过去时的用法
1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。
We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。
2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:
When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。
(3)和一般过去时连用的时间状语
last night,yesterday,last week,some years ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day,just now等。
3.一般将来时
(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是will+动词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday,in+一段时间,in 2020等。如:
They will leave for Shanghai next week.他们下周将去上海。
Will you be back in two days 你将在两天后回来吗
当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如:
Where shall we meet tomorrow 明天我们在哪里会面
(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:
What are you going to do next Sunday 下周日你打算干什么
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,暴风雨就要来临了。(客观迹象)
注意:在下面几种情况下只可用shall/will表示将来,而不可用be going to 结构。
1)表示意愿时。如:
We will help him if he asks us.如果他请求我们,我们愿意帮助他。
2)表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。如:
The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6:30升起。
(3)be doing表示将来
常用这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:
We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。
She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。
(4)“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。如:
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。
(5)用一般现在时表示将来的情况
1)表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。如:
We’re going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.
我们打算去长春。我们的飞机八点十分起飞。
2)当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。如:
If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将进行一场足球比赛。
4.现在进行时
(1)现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词”构成。
否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词.
疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are+not.
(2)现在进行时的用法
1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
—What are you doing 你在做什么
—I am reading English.我正在读英语。
2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如:
They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。
3)go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如:
I am going to Beijing this Sunday.本周日我打算去北京。
4)当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can t you see之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。但应注意下列动词一般不用于现在进行时的句子中。
a.表示感官的动词,如see,hear等。
b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love,hate等。
c.表示希望的动词,如want等。
d.表示状态的动词,如remain等。
e.表示归属的动词,如have等。
f.表示思维、认知或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等。
5.现在完成时
(1)现在完成时的构成
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
(2)现在完成时的用法
1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
—Have you had your lunch yet 你吃过午饭了吗
—Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。)
I have lost my pen.我把我的钢笔弄丢了。(过去某时丢的,现在还没有找到。)
I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。
—Have you found your lost pen yet
—No.I haven’t found it yet.
——你找到你的丢失的钢笔了吗
——没,我还没有找到。
注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用,already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。
2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和“for+时间段或since+时间点”连用,谓语动词多为延续性动词。如:
We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。)
(3)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:
我已经离开这所学校八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.
他已经借用我的词典两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如:
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in
leave be away
b.将时间状语改为过去的时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如:
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
题组训练 根据汉语意思完成句子
① Have you ever eaten fish and chips
你曾经吃过炸鱼薯条吗
②I have just lost my chemistry book.
我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
③I have never been to that farm.
我从来没去过那个农场。
④— Have you seen this film yet
—Yes,I have .
——你已经看过这部电影了吗
——是,我看过了。
⑤I have had this dictionary for 3 years.
我已经买这本词典三年了。
⑥He has lived here since he moved to Shanghai.
自从他搬到上海,他就住这儿了。
6.过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用,或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。如:
—What were you doing at nine last night
—I was watching TV at that time.
——昨天晚上九点你正在干什么
——那时我正在看电视。
He was reading when I came in.当我进来时,他正在读书。
I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.当我父母看电视的时候,我正在做作业。
(2)过去进行时常和always 等表频率的副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。如:
Alice was always changing her mind.艾丽斯总是在改变她的主意。
(3)注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用:
1)主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时(从句常用一般过去时)。
2)从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时(主句常用一般过去时)。
3)若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,主、从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。
(4)一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
一般来说,如果强调过去某个时间或某段时间曾有过某个(已完成的)动作时应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时间或某段时间内正在进行(是否完成不明确)时则应用过去进行时。
一
1．（2021·辽宁盘锦市·中考真题）Students in Class One ________ for the singing competition at the moment.
A．prepare B．are preparing C．prepared D．are going to prepare
【答案】B
【详解】句意：一班的学生此刻正在为歌唱比赛做准备。
考查动词时态。根据提示词“at the moment”可知，句子要用现在进行时is/am/are doing的结构，故选B。
2．（2021·广西桂林市·中考真题）The zebra eats grass, but it ________ eat meat.
A．doesn’t B．didn’t C．don’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意：斑马吃草，但不吃肉。
考查助动词辨析。doesn’t用于一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数形式，且动词是行为动词；didn’t用于一般过去时，动词是行为动词；don’t用于一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数以外的人称，且动词是行为动词。承接前句“The zebra eats grass,”时态可知，空处所在的句子也应是一般现在时，主语“it”是第三人称单数形式，且动词eat是行为动词，故应用doesn’t构成否定句。故选A。
3．（2021·广西桂林市·中考真题）Look! Some old people ________ in the park.
A．sings B．sing C．are singing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：看！一些老人在公园里唱歌。
考查时态辨析。根据“Look!”可知事情正在发生，用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing。故选C。
4．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）—I will go swimming this afternoon, Daming.
—If you go, so ________ I.
A．will B．do C．am D．have
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——大明，我今天下午要去游泳。——如果你去，我也去。
考查时态和助动词。if引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，所以此处用助动词will，故选A。
5．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）The spirit of ox（牛）________ an important role for China's development this year.
A．is playing B．was playing C．played
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今年，“牛之精神”在中国的发展中发挥着重要作用。
考查动词时态。根据“this year”可知，此句应用现在时，三个选项中只有A选项是现在进行时，故选A。
6．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）You’ve ________ the computer for ten years and it doesn’t work well. Why don’t you buy a new one
A．bought B．had C．have D．borrowed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：你买这台电脑已经十年了，但它现在不好用了。你为什么不买一个新的呢？
考查延续性动词。根据“for ten years”可知，此处动词应用延续性动词，排除A/D选项；you’ve是you have的缩写，此处动词用过去分词构成现在完成时结构，故选B。
7．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars ________ enough.
A．was B．are C．is D．were
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我计划下个月去美国旅行，我认为2000美元足够了。
考查主谓一致及动词时态。根据“I plan to travel to America next month”可知，此空所在句子应用一般现在时，排除A和D选项。金钱作主语时，be动词用单数形式，故选C。
8．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）I ________ books in the library when the rainstorm came.
A．read B．reads C．am reading D．was reading
【答案】D
【详解】句意：当暴风雨来的时候，我正在图书馆看书。
考查过去进行时。句子是含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，描述过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时，故选D。
9．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）—Is Helen here
—No, she isn’t here, She ________ in half an hour.
A．arrives B．arrived C．will arrive D．has arrived
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Helen在这里吗？ ——不，她不在，她半个小时后就到了。
考查动词时态。根据“in half an hour”可知，时间为半个小时后，应用一般将来时；其构成为：will+动词原形。故选C。
10．（2021·辽宁大连市·中考真题）Lingling met her favourite presenter while she ________ the radio station.
A．visits B．will visit C．is visiting D．was visiting
【答案】D
【详解】句意：玲玲在参观广播电台时遇到了她最喜欢的主持人。
考查时态。根据“met”可知，从句也用过去的时态，排除A/B/C选项，此处表达的是过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，故选D。
11．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）Look! Julia as well as her sisters ________ a kite on the playground.
A．fly B．flies C．is flying D．are flying
【答案】C
【详解】句意：你看！朱莉娅和她的姐妹们正在操场上放风筝。
考查时态及主谓一致。根据“Look!”可知，此处指的是正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，结构是“am/is/are+doing”，as well as连接的主语，谓语动词用“就远原则”，be动词与Julia一致，应用is，故选C。
12．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）It ________ 100 years since the Communist Party ________ .
A．was; was founded B．has been; was founded
C．has been; founded D．was; founded
【答案】B
【详解】句意：共产党成立已经100年了。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语从句“since the Communist Party… .”可知，空一应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“It”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has；be的过去分词是been；since引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时，且主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，构成形式为：was/were done；主语“the Communist Party”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用was；found的过去分词是founded。故选B。
13．（2021·广西中考真题）Look! The musician ________ at the piano, ready to play.
A．sat B．will sit C．is sitting D．was sitting
【答案】C
【详解】句意：看！音乐家正坐在钢琴前，准备演奏。
考查动词时态。根据提示词“look”可知，此句要用现在进行时is/am/are doing的结构，故选C。
14．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.
A．bought B．had C．have bought D．have had
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我买这辆自行车三年了。我很喜欢它。
考查现在完成时。根据for three years可知，此句应该是现在完成时，排除选项A和B；空处谓语动词应该用延续性动词，排除选项C。故选D。
15．（2021·湖南邵阳市·中考真题）—COVID-19 is spreading wildly in India. Take care!
—Yes. More than 300,000 people ________ there.
A．die B．are dying C．have died
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——新型冠状病毒肺炎正在印度广泛传播。保重！——是的。超过30万人在那里死亡。
考查时态辨析。根据“COVID-19 is spreading wildly in India.”可知病毒还在传播中，应是从过去到目前为止已经死了30万人，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选C。
16．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—Where does Bill live
—He ________ me his address, but I can’t remember it now.
A．tells B．told C．is telling D．will tell
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——比尔住在哪里？——他告诉过我他的地址，但我现在想不起来了。
考查时态辨析。根据“but I can’t remember it now”可知现在记不起来以前告诉过自己的地址，用一般过去时，tell的过去式是told。故选B。
17．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Did you have a good time in Shanghai
—Yes, come and look. My photos will show you ______.
A．how did we go there B．where we will go C．when did we meet D．what the trip was like
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你在上海玩得愉快吗？——是的，过来看看。我的照片会告诉你这次旅行是什么样子的。
考查宾语从句。show后缺少直接宾语，此处用宾语从句，宾语从句使用陈述语序，排除AC；根据“Did you have a good time in Shanghai ”对过去的事情提问，不能用一般将来时，排除B。故选D。
18．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Do you know where your brother is, Mark
—Sorry. I ______ about a question and didn’t hear what you had said.
A．was thinking B．will think C．am thinking D．was thought
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你知道你哥哥在哪里吗，马克？——对不起。我正在考虑一个问题，没听到你说什么。
考查时态辨析。根据“didn’t hear what you had said”可知过去没听到说的什么，此处指对方问话那一刻正在思考一个问题，用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。故选A。
19．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）—Sam, can you tell me ________
—She is a nurse.
A．what Alice’s job is B．what is Alice’s job
C．what Alice’s job was D．what was Alice’s job
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——山姆，你能告诉我爱丽丝的工作是什么吗？——她是一名护士。
考查宾语从句。此处是what引导的宾语从句，从句应为陈述句语序，故排除B、D两项；根据“She is a nurse.”可知，时态是一般现在时，故排除C选项。故选A。
20．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）—Mum, where is David
— He ________ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.
A．is going B．goes C．has gone D．was going
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——妈妈，大卫在哪？——他去看科幻电影《回到未来》了。
考查动词时态。大卫“看电影”的动作发生在过去，并且对上文两人之间的对话产生影响，故为现在完成时态，结构是have/has done。故选C。
21．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）—Jack, how do you like the new movie Hi, Mom! directed（导演） by Jia Ling
—Well, it’s really a funny movie. I ______ it for three times.
A．am watching B．will watch C．have watched
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——Jack，你觉得由贾玲导演的《你好，李焕英》这部电影怎么样？——哦，它真的是一部很有趣的电影。我已经看了三遍了。
考查动词时态。根据“for three times”可知，表示强调次数，用现在完成时has/have done的结构，故选C。
22．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—What were you doing at the time of the rainstorm yesterday
—I ________ at the library after school.
A．read B．was reading C．am reading D．was read
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——昨天下暴雨的时候你正在做什么 ——我放学后正在图书馆里看书。
考查动词的时态。根据“at the time of the rainstorm yesterday”可知表示过去某一时刻正在做的事情，是过去进行时，用“was reading”。故选B。
23．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）Over the past few months, Chinese COVID vaccines (疫苗) ________ in many other countries.
A．have arrived B．arrived C．will arrive D．had arrived
【答案】A
【详解】句意：近几个月来，中国新冠肺炎疫苗已抵达多个国家。
考查现在完成时。根据“Over the past few months”可知，本句应使用现在完成时，强调动作已经发生，故选A。
24．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—I often see Peter’s father play basketball on my way to school.
—That’s not strange. Not only Peter but also his father ________ sports.
A．enjoy B．enjoys C．enjoyed D．was enjoyed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——在我上学的路上，我经常看到彼得的爸爸打篮球。——这并不奇怪。不仅彼得而且他父亲也喜欢运动。
考查动词时态及主谓一致。此句是陈述客观事实，句子用一般现在时，排除C和D选项。not only…but also连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，离其最近的主语his father是单数形式，动词用三单形式，故选B。
25．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Your scarf is so beautiful! When did you buy it
—On my 18th birthday. I ________ it for 6 years.
A．bought B．will have C．have had D．have bought
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你的围巾真漂亮！你什么时候买的？——在我18岁生日。我买了6年了。
考查动词时态。for+一段时间，句子用现在完成时have/has done的结构，排除A和B选项。且动词要用延续性动词，buy是短暂性动词，have是延续性动词，故选C。
26．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Don’ make noise! The children ________ online.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A．studies B．are studying C．studied D．were studying
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——不要制造噪音！孩子们正在在网上学习。——抱歉，我不会了。
考查动词时态。根据“Don’ make noise”可知，孩子们此时正在学习，用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作，用am/is/are doing的结构，故选B。
27．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Why are you in such a hurry
—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.
A．has been on B．has begun C．is on D．begins
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——你为什么这么着急？——因为课已经上了10分钟了。
考查延续性动词和非延续性动词。根据句中的时间状语“for 10 minutes”可知，句子应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have /has done，故排除C、D项；且动词应用延续性动词，而begin，开始，是非延续性动词，故排除。故选A。
28．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—The policewoman ________ the driver for breaking the traffic rules.
—That’s right. He’s explaining to her loudly over there.
A．is punishing B．was punishing C．would punish D．is punished
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——女警察因司机违反交通规则而在惩罚他。——没错。他在那边大声向她解释。
考查动词时态。根据下句“He’s explaining to her loudly over there.”的时态和语境可知，上句中的动作也正在进行，应用现在进行时，构成形式为：be doing；主语“The policewoman”是第三人称单数形式，故助动词应用is；punish的现在分词是punishing。故选A。
29．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— Dad, I can’t find my school ID card. Did you see it
— No, I didn’t. I think you ________ it!
A．lose B．will lose C．have lost D．are losing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——爸爸，我找不到我的学生证了。你看到了吗？——不，我没有。我想你把它弄丢了！
考查时态辨析。根据“Dad, I can’t find my school ID card.”可知过去已经丢了学生证，对现在造成了影响，用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选C。
30．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.
A．makes B．made C．has made D．is made
【答案】C
【详解】句意：自1978年以来，中国在科学技术方面就取得了巨大成就。
考查现在完成时。根据“since 1978”可知，此处应使用现在完成时表示时间的延续，故选C。
31．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Has your father come back yet
—No. He ________ come back ________ this Sunday.
A．doesn’t; until B．won’t; after C．doesn’t; after D．won’t; until
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你父亲回来了吗？——没有。他这个星期天才会回来。
考查动词时态和连词辨析。until直到……；after在……之后。根据时间状语“this Sunday”，可知，句子应用一般将来时，构成形式为：will do，故排除A、C项；根据前文语境，应是直到星期天才会回来，故排除B项。故选D。
32．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—What’s the weather like today
—It’s a ________ day. It’s ________ heavily now.
A．raining; rainy B．rainy; raining C．rainy; rainy D．raining; raining
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——今天天气怎么样？——今天是一个雨天。现在正下着大雨。
考查形容词和现在进行时。raining是rain的现在分词形式；rainy有雨的，下雨的，是一个形容词。根据句意可知，第一个空修饰后面的名词“day”，应用形容词rainy；第二个空表示现在正在进行的动作，应使用现在进行时，be+现在分词形式。故选B。
33．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）I don’t know if Lucy ________ to Jack’s party next Sunday. If she ________, so will I.
A．goes; goes B．will go; will go C．goes; will go D．will go; goes
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我不知道下星期天露西是否会去参加杰克的聚会。如果她去，我也要去。
考查动词时态。第一个句子if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句，根据“next Sunday”可知，从句要用一般将来时will do的结构。第二个句子if表示“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时，主语she是第三人称，动词用三单形式，故选D。
34．（2021·北京中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________
—Next Thursday morning.
A．when we visited the Capital Museum B．when did we visit the Capital Museum
C．when we will visit the Capital Museum D．when will we visit the Capital Museum
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我我们什么时候去参观首都博物馆吗？——下个星期四早上。
考查宾语从句。此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BD；根据答语“Next Thursday morning.”可知，对将来时间提问，故选C。
35．（2021·北京中考真题）Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.
A．learns B．was learning C．has learned D．will learn
【答案】C
【详解】句意：史密斯先生学汉语已经两年了。他现在做得好多了。
考查现在完成时。根据“for two years”可知，强调时间的延续，用现在完成时，故选C。
36．（2021·北京中考真题）—Lily, what do you usually do after school
—I ________ exercise with my friends.
A．do B．did C．will do D．was doing
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——莉莉，放学后你通常做什么？——我和我的朋友一起锻炼。
考查一般现在时。根据“what do you usually do after school”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语是I，动词用原形，故选A。
37．（2021·北京中考真题）—Peter, what are you doing
—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes.
A．will write B．am writing C．wrote D．have written
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——彼得，你在干什么？——哦，我在写一篇关于国家英雄的报道。
考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing”可知，此处强调动作正在发生，使用现在进行时，故选B。
38．（2021·北京中考真题）My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planting D．planted
【答案】D
【详解】句意：我的父母和我上星期天种树。
考查一般过去时。根据“last Sunday”可知，时态是一般过去时，故选D。
39．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Mrs. Jones ________ in the garden at this time yesterday.
A．worked B．was working C．has worked
【答案】B
【详解】句意：Jones夫人在昨天这个时候正在花园里工作。
考查动词时态。根据“at this time yesterday”可知，此句要用过去进行时was/were doing的结构，故选B。
40．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）She will fly to Haikou as soon as she _________ the task.
A．finish B．finishes C．finished
【答案】B
【详解】句意：她一完成这项任务就会坐飞机去海口。
考查动词时态。finish完成，是一个动词。由句子结构可知，该句中“as soon as”引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。从句中主语“she”是第三人称单数，故选B。
41．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）He said that he ________ to Beijing the next month.
A．travel B．would travel C．travels
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他说下个月他要去北京。
考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，根据“said”“next month”及“主过从必过”可知，从句要用过去将来时，结构为would+动词原形，故选B。
42．（2021·海南中考真题）— Jerry can you give me a hand
— Just a minute, I ________ an e-mail.
A．have sent B．am sending C．was sending
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——Jerry，你能帮我下吗？——稍等，我正在发邮件。
考查时态。根据“Just a minute...”可知Jerry请求帮助，说话时正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。故选B。
43．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it ________ to the world.
A．was known B．is known C．has been known D．knows
【答案】C
【详解】句意：中国茶在一千多年前就开始运往国外，从那时起就为世界所知。
考查现在完成时。根据“since then”可知，此处应使用现在完成时。故选C。
44．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）— Did you see Dorothy She just came back from abroad.
— Yes. But she ________ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A．phones B．is phoning C．was phoning D．has phoned
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你看见桃乐茜了吗？她刚从国外回来。——看到了。但她在给别人打电话，所以我向她点了点头就走了。
考查过去进行时。根据“But she…someone”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。
45．（2021·吉林中考真题）Mr. Green ________ a new bike for his daughter tomorrow.
A．buys B．bought C．will buy
【答案】C
【详解】句意：格林先生明天将为女儿买一辆新自行车。
考查一般将来时。buys动词第三人称单数形式，表一般现在时；bought表一般过去时；will buy表一般将来时。根据句中“tomorrow”提示，句子应用一般将来时，故选C。
46．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·中考真题）— I saw Alice walk into that building just now.
— Oh, it’s our new city museum. It ________ to the public for a month.
A．has been opened B．has been open C．has opened
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我看到Alice刚刚走进那座建筑了。——哦，那是我们新的城市博物馆。它已经对公众开放了一个月了。
考查时态。根据“...for a month.”可知博物馆开放从过去某一时间到现在，用现在完成时。与时间段连用用延续性动词be open。故选B。
47．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·中考真题）I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call because I ________ online.
A．was studying B．studied C．am studying
【答案】A
【详解】句意：很抱歉我没有接你的电话，因为我在网上学习。
考查动词时态。根据语境可知，空处表示在过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，构成形式为：was/were doing；主语“I”是第一人称单数形式，故助动词应用was；study的现在分词是studying。故选A。
48．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）While Linda was still sleeping, her mother_________ breakfast in the kitchen.
A．was making B．is making C．has made
【答案】A
【详解】句意：琳达还在睡觉的时候，她妈妈正在厨房里做早餐。
考查过去进行时。根据“While Linda was still sleeping”可知，此处强调在过去的某个时间点，动作正在发生，用过去进行时，故选A。
49．（2021·福建中考真题）Hurry up! Mr. Brown ________ for us in the meeting room at the moment.
A．is waiting B．will wait C．waited
【答案】A
【详解】句意：快点！布朗先生正在会议室等我们。
考查现在进行时。根据“at the moment”可知，此处强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故选A。
50．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）—Did you hear that the Chinese skiing player, Gu Ailing, won the first prize
—Yes, I ________ with my friends at that time.
A．have a picnic B．am having a picnic C．was having a picnic
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你听说中国滑雪运动员谷爱凌得了第一名了吗？——是的，当时我正在和朋友们野餐。
考查过去进行时。根据“Did you hear that…”可知，动作发生在过去，此处强调过去的某个时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故选C。
51．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）—Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan
—Yes, I _________ it twice. It’s fantastic.
A．had climbed B．climb C．climbed D．have climbed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你知道十堰的武当山吗？——是的，我爬了两次。太棒了。
考查时态。根据“twice”可知，句子应用现在完成时，表示已经去过武当山，带来的影响就是熟悉武当山那个地方，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，故选D。
52．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）Mid-Autumn Day usually _________ on August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.
A．come B．comes C．is coming D．will come
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中秋节通常在每年农历的八月十五。
考查一般现在时。根据“every year”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语Mid-Autumn Day是第三人称单数，动词用三单，故选B。
53．（2021·新疆中考真题）There ______ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it
A．are going to be B．was C．will be D．were
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这个周末将有一场英语表演。我们去看好吗？
考查there be句型的一般将来时。根据“There”及“this weekend”可知，此句要用there be句型的一般将来时there is/are going to be或there will be的结构，排除B和D选项。an English show是单数，be要用is，排除A，故选C。
54．（2021·青海中考真题）—I lost my cellphone in the shopping mall yesterday.
—Why not go to the Lost and Found They ________ one.
A．found B．have found C．had found
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我昨天在购物中心丢了手机。——为什么不去失物招领处呢？他们已经找到了一个。
考查现在完成时。分析“Why not go to the Lost and Found ”可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在有影响，现在可以去认领手机，用现在完成时，故选B。
55．（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）—Treasure Island is exciting.
—I agree with you. I ________ it twice.
A．have read B．had read C．read
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——《金银岛》很刺激。——我同意。我读了两遍。
考查现在完成时。根据“twice”可知，此处强调次数，用现在完成时have/has+done，故选A。
56．（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）Look! Many people ________ in the park.
A．dance B．are dancing C．were dancing
【答案】B
【详解】句意：看，许多人在公园里跳舞。
考查时态辨析。根据“Look”可知，现在正在跳舞，用现在进行时，其结构为am/is/are doing。故选B。
57．（2021·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州·中考真题）Thanks to the use of 5G technology, ways of communication ______ a lot.
A．improves B．has improved C．have improved
【答案】C
【详解】句意：由于使用了5G技术，通信方式有了很大改善。
考查现在完成时。根据“Thanks to the use of 5G technology, ways of communication…a lot.”可知，此处用现在完成时，主语ways of communication是复数，故选C。
58．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）— May I use your dictionary
— Sorry, I ______ it now.
A．am using B．use C．used
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我可以用一下你的字典吗？——抱歉，我现在正在用它。
考查动词时态。根据“now”可知，此句要用现在进行时am/is/are doing的结构，故选A。
59．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—What’s your plan for the summer holiday
—I’ll go to Chendu as soon as the school term ___________.
A．end B．ends C．will end
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你暑假有什么计划？——学期一结束我就去成都。
考查动词时态。本句是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，符合“主将从现”原则，主句是一般将来时，从句是一般现在时；从句主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用其三单形式。故选B。
60．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）一There __________ a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday.
— I see. I will come and cheer you on.
A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——星期天将有一场对二班的篮球赛。——我知道了。我会来为你加油的。
考查there be结构的将来时态。there be，有……，表示客观存在；根据时间状语“this Sunday”可知，应用一般将来时，其结构为：be going to do；主语“a basketball game against Class”是第三人称单数形式，be用is。故选B。
61．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Alex, go and clean your bedroom.
—I __________ it. It’s tidy and clean now.
A．have cleaned B．cleaned C．clean
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——Alex，去打扫你的卧室。——我已经打扫了它。它现在又整洁又干净。
考查动词时态。根据“It’s tidy and clean now”可知，此处是表示过去完成的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选A。
62．（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）—It is reported that the First Flight Ceremony of Heze Mudan Airport was held on April 2nd, 2021.
—Yes. Great changes ________ in my hometown since I left home.
A．have taken place B．were taken place C．took place
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——据报道，菏泽牡丹机场于2021年4月2日举行首飞仪式。——是的。自从我离开家以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
考查现在完成时。根据“since I left home”可知，此处是“现在完成时+since+一般过去时”结构，应使用现在完成时，故选A。
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动词时态考点解析
考点一 动词的时态
一、动词的五种基本形式
英语中动词的五种基本形式为:动词原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。如:work—works—working—worked—worked。
1.动词的五种基本形式变化表
形式 构成 例词
动词原形 不带to的动词不定式形式,也就是词典中一般给出的形式 be,havedo,learn
第三人称单数形式 一般在动词原形后加-s runs,likes
以ch,sh,s,o,x结尾的动词,在词尾加-es teach—teacheswash—washesgo—goespass—passes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-es study—studiestry—tries
以元音字母加y结尾的动词,在词尾加-s stay—staysplay—plays
现在分词 一般在动词原形后加-ing read—reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—livingwrite—writing
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ing sit—sittingbegin—beginning
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—dyinglie—lyingtie—tying
过去式与过去分词(规则变化) 一般在动词原形后加-ed work—worked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先将y变为i再加-ed carry—carriedstudy—studied
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写该辅音字母后再加-ed stop—stoppedplan—planned
2.巧记ABB型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式和过去分词)
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eep -ept -ept keep,sweep,sleep
-ell -old -old sell,tell
-end -ent -ent lend,spend,send
-ay -aid -aid say,pay
-n -nt -nt burn,learn,mean
3.巧记ABC型不规则动词(A代表原形,B代表过去式,C代表过去分词)
原形特征 过去式 过去分词 例词
-eak -oke -oken break,speak
-eal -ole -olen steal
-ear -ore -orn wear,bear,tear
-ow -ew -own grow,blow,know,throw
-i- -a- -u- sink,swim,drink,ring,sing,begin
-i- -o- -n drive,rise
4.巧记AAA型不规则动词(A代表原形、过去式和过去分词)
击中 受伤 让 吐痰 去掉 花费 读 放 切
hit hurt let spit rid cost read put cut
二、动词各种时态的用法
英语中各种时态的使用频率不同,下面分别介绍初中阶段要求掌握的六种时态。
1.一般现在时
(1)一般现在时的构成
一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语是第三人称单数,一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。如:
Tom often helps his parents do housework at home.汤姆在家经常帮助他的父母做家务。
Sometimes Lucy washes her clothes herself.有时候露西自己洗衣服。
(2)一般现在时的用法
1)表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。如:
I often go to school by bike.我经常骑自行车去上学。
2)表示客观事实或普遍真理。如:
The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
3)在某些以here,there开头的句子中用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作。如:
There goes the bell.铃响了。
(3)与一般现在时连用的时间状语
1)表示频率的副词always,often,usually,sometimes等。
2)on Sundays,on Monday afternoons,every day,every morning,every year等时间状语。
3)once a year,twice a month,three times a week 之类的表示频率的词组。
2.一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的构成
一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。如:
Last week Tom made a model plane with his friend Jack.上周汤姆和他的朋友杰克做了一个飞机模型。
(2)一般过去时的用法
1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
I got up at six this morning.今天早上我六点起的床。
We visited the factory last week.上周我们参观了那个工厂。
2)表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。如:
When I was in the countryside,I often swam in the river.当我在乡下时,我常常在河里游泳。
(3)和一般过去时连用的时间状语
last night,yesterday,last week,some years ago,in 1995,in the past,the other day,just now等。
3.一般将来时
(1)表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态,其构成是will+动词原形,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week,in a few days,next Sunday,in+一段时间,in 2020等。如:
They will leave for Shanghai next week.他们下周将去上海。
Will you be back in two days 你将在两天后回来吗
当主语是I或we时,疑问句中一般使用shall,表示征求对方意见。如:
Where shall we meet tomorrow 明天我们在哪里会面
(2)“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:
What are you going to do next Sunday 下周日你打算干什么
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那些乌云,暴风雨就要来临了。(客观迹象)
注意:在下面几种情况下只可用shall/will表示将来,而不可用be going to 结构。
1)表示意愿时。如:
We will help him if he asks us.如果他请求我们,我们愿意帮助他。
2)表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时。如:
The sun will rise at 6:30 tomorrow morning.明天早上太阳将在6:30升起。
(3)be doing表示将来
常用这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:
We are leaving for London.我们就要动身去伦敦了。
She is going there tomorrow.她明天要去那里。
(4)“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”结构表示即将发生的动作。如:
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
She is to be married next month.她将于下个月结婚。
(5)用一般现在时表示将来的情况
1)表示按规定或时间表预计将发生的动作。如:
We’re going to Changchun.Our plane takes off at 8:10.
我们打算去长春。我们的飞机八点十分起飞。
2)当主句为一般将来时态时,在if,as soon as,until,when等引导的状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。如:
If it doesn’t rain this afternoon,we’ll have a football match.如果今天下午不下雨,我们将进行一场足球比赛。
4.现在进行时
(1)现在进行时的构成
现在进行时由“主语+am/is/are+动词的现在分词”构成。
否定形式:主语+am/is/are+not+动词的现在分词.
疑问形式:Am/Is/Are+主语+动词的现在分词
肯定回答:Yes,主语+am/is/are.
否定回答:No,主语+am/is/are+not.
(2)现在进行时的用法
1)表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
—What are you doing 你在做什么
—I am reading English.我正在读英语。
2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如:
They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习一直很努力。
3)go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如:
I am going to Beijing this Sunday.本周日我打算去北京。
4)当时间状语为now,these days等或当句子中含有look,listen,can you see,can t you see之类的暗示词时,要使用现在进行时。但应注意下列动词一般不用于现在进行时的句子中。
a.表示感官的动词,如see,hear等。
b.表示喜欢或厌恶的动词,如like,love,hate等。
c.表示希望的动词,如want等。
d.表示状态的动词,如remain等。
e.表示归属的动词,如have等。
f.表示思维、认知或理解能力的动词,如know,forget等。
5.现在完成时
(1)现在完成时的构成
基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词
(2)现在完成时的用法
1)表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
—Have you had your lunch yet 你吃过午饭了吗
—Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.是的,我刚吃过。(说明现在饱了。)
I have lost my pen.我把我的钢笔弄丢了。(过去某时丢的,现在还没有找到。)
I have already watched the TV play.我已经看过这部电视剧了。
—Have you found your lost pen yet
—No.I haven’t found it yet.
——你找到你的丢失的钢笔了吗
——没,我还没有找到。
注意:already,yet常和现在完成时连用,already用于肯定句,可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前,也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中意为“已经”,用在否定句中表示“还”,常放在句末。
2)表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和“for+时间段或since+时间点”连用,谓语动词多为延续性动词。如:
We have lived here since 2000.自从2000年我们一直住在这里。(说明一直住在这里,也许还会住下去。)
(3)延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法
1)现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在,与一段时间连用时应注意肯定句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词,非延续性动词不可和一段时间连用。如:
我已经离开这所学校八年了。
误:I’ve left this school for eight years.
正:I’ve been away from this school for eight years.
他已经借用我的词典两天了。
误:He has borrowed my dictionary for two days.
正:He has kept my dictionary for two days.
不过,在否定句中非延续性动词可与一段时间连用。如:
I haven’t gone to see him for several months.我已经好几个月没去看他了。
2)非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法:
a.将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词 延续性动词
buy have
borrow keep
open be open
close be closed
begin/start be on
come be here
go be there
finish be over
die be dead
catch a cold have a cold
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
lose not have
join be in
leave be away
b.将时间状语改为过去的时间,并用一般过去时代替现在完成时。
c.用句型“It is+一段时间+since从句(从句中的谓语动词用非延续性动词的过去式)”表示。如:
It is two years since the old man died.这个老人死了两年了。
题组训练 根据汉语意思完成句子
① you ever fish and chips
你曾经吃过炸鱼薯条吗
②I just my chemistry book.
我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
③I never that farm.
我从来没去过那个农场。
④— you this film yet
—Yes,I .
——你已经看过这部电影了吗
——是,我看过了。
⑤I have had this dictionary for 3 years.
我已经买这本词典三年了。
⑥He here since he to Shanghai.
自从他搬到上海,他就住这儿了。
6.过去进行时
(1)表示过去某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,at that time,this time yesterday,at ten yesterday等连用,或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。如:
—What were you doing at nine last night
—I was watching TV at that time.
——昨天晚上九点你正在干什么
——那时我正在看电视。
He was reading when I came in.当我进来时,他正在读书。
I was doing my homework while my parents were watching TV.当我父母看电视的时候,我正在做作业。
(2)过去进行时常和always 等表频率的副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。如:
Alice was always changing her mind.艾丽斯总是在改变她的主意。
(3)注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的运用:
1)主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时(从句常用一般过去时)。
2)从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时(主句常用一般过去时)。
3)若主、从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系(即同时发生)或无所谓先后时,主、从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。
(4)一般过去时和过去进行时的区别
一般来说,如果强调过去某个时间或某段时间曾有过某个(已完成的)动作时应用一般过去时;而如果强调动作在过去某个时间或某段时间内正在进行(是否完成不明确)时则应用过去进行时。
一
1．（2021·辽宁盘锦市·中考真题）Students in Class One ________ for the singing competition at the moment.
A．prepare B．are preparing C．prepared D．are going to prepare
2．（2021·广西桂林市·中考真题）The zebra eats grass, but it ________ eat meat.
A．doesn’t B．didn’t C．don’t
3．（2021·广西桂林市·中考真题）Look! Some old people ________ in the park.
A．sings B．sing C．are singing
4．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）—I will go swimming this afternoon, Daming.
—If you go, so ________ I.
A．will B．do C．am D．have
5．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）The spirit of ox（牛）________ an important role for China's development this year.
A．is playing B．was playing C．played
6．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）You’ve ________ the computer for ten years and it doesn’t work well. Why don’t you buy a new one
A．bought B．had C．have D．borrowed
7．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）I plan to travel to America next month, and I think 2000 dollars ________ enough.
A．was B．are C．is D．were
8．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）I ________ books in the library when the rainstorm came.
A．read B．reads C．am reading D．was reading
9．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）—Is Helen here
—No, she isn’t here, She ________ in half an hour.
A．arrives B．arrived C．will arrive D．has arrived
10．（2021·辽宁大连市·中考真题）Lingling met her favourite presenter while she ________ the radio station.
A．visits B．will visit C．is visiting D．was visiting
11．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）Look! Julia as well as her sisters ________ a kite on the playground.
A．fly B．flies C．is flying D．are flying
12．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）It ________ 100 years since the Communist Party ________ .
A．was; was founded B．has been; was founded
C．has been; founded D．was; founded
13．（2021·广西中考真题）Look! The musician ________ at the piano, ready to play.
A．sat B．will sit C．is sitting D．was sitting
14．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.
A．bought B．had C．have bought D．have had
15．（2021·湖南邵阳市·中考真题）—COVID-19 is spreading wildly in India. Take care!
—Yes. More than 300,000 people ________ there.
A．die B．are dying C．have died
16．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—Where does Bill live
—He ________ me his address, but I can’t remember it now.
A．tells B．told C．is telling D．will tell
17．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Did you have a good time in Shanghai
—Yes, come and look. My photos will show you ______.
A．how did we go there B．where we will go C．when did we meet D．what the trip was like
18．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）—Do you know where your brother is, Mark
—Sorry. I ______ about a question and didn’t hear what you had said.
A．was thinking B．will think C．am thinking D．was thought
19．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）—Sam, can you tell me ________
—She is a nurse.
A．what Alice’s job is B．what is Alice’s job
C．what Alice’s job was D．what was Alice’s job
20．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）—Mum, where is David
— He ________ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.
A．is going B．goes C．has gone D．was going
21．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）—Jack, how do you like the new movie Hi, Mom! directed（导演） by Jia Ling
—Well, it’s really a funny movie. I ______ it for three times.
A．am watching B．will watch C．have watched
22．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—What were you doing at the time of the rainstorm yesterday
—I ________ at the library after school.
A．read B．was reading C．am reading D．was read
23．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）Over the past few months, Chinese COVID vaccines (疫苗) ________ in many other countries.
A．have arrived B．arrived C．will arrive D．had arrived
24．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—I often see Peter’s father play basketball on my way to school.
—That’s not strange. Not only Peter but also his father ________ sports.
A．enjoy B．enjoys C．enjoyed D．was enjoyed
25．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Your scarf is so beautiful! When did you buy it
—On my 18th birthday. I ________ it for 6 years.
A．bought B．will have C．have had D．have bought
26．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Don’ make noise! The children ________ online.
—Sorry, I won’t.
A．studies B．are studying C．studied D．were studying
27．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—Why are you in such a hurry
—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.
A．has been on B．has begun C．is on D．begins
28．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—The policewoman ________ the driver for breaking the traffic rules.
—That’s right. He’s explaining to her loudly over there.
A．is punishing B．was punishing C．would punish D．is punished
29．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— Dad, I can’t find my school ID card. Did you see it
— No, I didn’t. I think you ________ it!
A．lose B．will lose C．have lost D．are losing
30．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.
A．makes B．made C．has made D．is made
31．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Has your father come back yet
—No. He ________ come back ________ this Sunday.
A．doesn’t; until B．won’t; after C．doesn’t; after D．won’t; until
32．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—What’s the weather like today
—It’s a ________ day. It’s ________ heavily now.
A．raining; rainy B．rainy; raining C．rainy; rainy D．raining; raining
33．（2021·广西贺州市·中考真题）I don’t know if Lucy ________ to Jack’s party next Sunday. If she ________, so will I.
A．goes; goes B．will go; will go C．goes; will go D．will go; goes
34．（2021·北京中考真题）—Could you please tell me ________
—Next Thursday morning.
A．when we visited the Capital Museum B．when did we visit the Capital Museum
C．when we will visit the Capital Museum D．when will we visit the Capital Museum
35．（2021·北京中考真题）Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years. He’s much better at it now.
A．learns B．was learning C．has learned D．will learn
36．（2021·北京中考真题）—Lily, what do you usually do after school
—I ________ exercise with my friends.
A．do B．did C．will do D．was doing
37．（2021·北京中考真题）—Peter, what are you doing
—Oh, I ________ a report about national heroes.
A．will write B．am writing C．wrote D．have written
38．（2021·北京中考真题）My parents and I ________ trees last Sunday.
A．plant B．will plant C．are planting D．planted
39．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）Mrs. Jones ________ in the garden at this time yesterday.
A．worked B．was working C．has worked
40．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）She will fly to Haikou as soon as she _________ the task.
A．finish B．finishes C．finished
41．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）He said that he ________ to Beijing the next month.
A．travel B．would travel C．travels
42．（2021·海南中考真题）— Jerry can you give me a hand
— Just a minute, I ________ an e-mail.
A．have sent B．am sending C．was sending
43．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）Tea from China began to be sent abroad more than a thousand years ago and since then it ________ to the world.
A．was known B．is known C．has been known D．knows
44．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题）— Did you see Dorothy She just came back from abroad.
— Yes. But she ________ someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
A．phones B．is phoning C．was phoning D．has phoned
45．（2021·吉林中考真题）Mr. Green ________ a new bike for his daughter tomorrow.
A．buys B．bought C．will buy
46．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·中考真题）— I saw Alice walk into that building just now.
— Oh, it’s our new city museum. It ________ to the public for a month.
A．has been opened B．has been open C．has opened
47．（2021·黑龙江齐齐哈尔市·中考真题）I’m sorry I didn’t answer your call because I ________ online.
A．was studying B．studied C．am studying
48．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）While Linda was still sleeping, her mother_________ breakfast in the kitchen.
A．was making B．is making C．has made
49．（2021·福建中考真题）Hurry up! Mr. Brown ________ for us in the meeting room at the moment.
A．is waiting B．will wait C．waited
50．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）—Did you hear that the Chinese skiing player, Gu Ailing, won the first prize
—Yes, I ________ with my friends at that time.
A．have a picnic B．am having a picnic C．was having a picnic
51．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）—Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan
—Yes, I _________ it twice. It’s fantastic.
A．had climbed B．climb C．climbed D．have climbed
52．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）Mid-Autumn Day usually _________ on August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.
A．come B．comes C．is coming D．will come
53．（2021·新疆中考真题）There ______ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it
A．are going to be B．was C．will be D．were
54．（2021·青海中考真题）—I lost my cellphone in the shopping mall yesterday.
—Why not go to the Lost and Found They ________ one.
A．found B．have found C．had found
55．（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）—Treasure Island is exciting.
—I agree with you. I ________ it twice.
A．have read B．had read C．read
56．（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）Look! Many people ________ in the park.
A．dance B．are dancing C．were dancing
57．（2021·湖北恩施土家族苗族自治州·中考真题）Thanks to the use of 5G technology, ways of communication ______ a lot.
A．improves B．has improved C．have improved
58．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）— May I use your dictionary
— Sorry, I ______ it now.
A．am using B．use C．used
59．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—What’s your plan for the summer holiday
—I’ll go to Chendu as soon as the school term ___________.
A．end B．ends C．will end
60．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）一There __________ a basketball game against Class Two this Sunday.
— I see. I will come and cheer you on.
A．will have B．is going to be C．is going to have
61．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Alex, go and clean your bedroom.
—I __________ it. It’s tidy and clean now.
A．have cleaned B．cleaned C．clean
62．（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）—It is reported that the First Flight Ceremony of Heze Mudan Airport was held on April 2nd, 2021.
—Yes. Great changes ________ in my hometown since I left home.
A．have taken place B．were taken place C．took place
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