中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
被动语态考点解析
一、被动语态的构成及用法
(一)被动语态的构成
1.被动语态的基本结构为:be+动词的过去分词
2.各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词do为例):
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done We clean the classroom. The classroom iscleaned by us.
一般过去时 did was/were+done He made the kite. The kite was made by him.
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done She is watering the plants. The plants are being watered by her.
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim.
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done They will planttrees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being done She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.
3.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如:
Anything here can’t be touched.这里的任何东西都不能碰。
(二)被动语态的用法
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:
More trees must be planted every year.每年都必须种更多的树。
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语使用广泛)
4.句子的主语是物。如:
Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
二、主动语态和被动语态的转换
(一)主动语态变为被动语态
1.要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。
2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,作by的宾语。
3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:
We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)→
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
(二)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:
She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→
I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me变为主语)
A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book变为主语)
(三)动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如:
We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略)
(四)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如:
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
(五)变被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。如:
He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home by him.
二．知识拓展
主动结构表被动意义
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
This kind of shirt sells well here.这种衬衫在这里卖得好。
2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如:
School uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着校服很难看。
3.be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如:
This book is worth reading.这本书值得读一读。
4.“want/need/require+doing”相当于“want/need/require+to be done”。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如:
My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。
不用被动语态的情况
1.当主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用作被动语态的主语。如:
The man introduced himself as Mr.White.(主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。
Himself was introduced as Mr.White.(误)
They help each other to study English.(主动语态)他们互相帮助学习英语。
Each other is helped to study English.(误)
2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。如:
We will have a meeting.(主动语态)我们将要开一个会。
A meeting will be had by us.(误)
3.当主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能用作被动语态中的主语。如:
My brother enjoys watching TV.(主动语态)我弟弟喜欢看电视。
Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.(误)
He asked to have a try.(主动语态)他请求试一试。
To have a try was asked by him.(误)
五、被动语态和系表结构的区别
1.被动语态表示以主语为动作的承受者,而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如:
The shop is closed at 9:00 p.m.(动作)这家商店晚上9点钟关门。
The shop is closed today.(状态)这家商店今天不开门。
2.系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配,被动语态结构中则没有。如:
Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)王老师对我们很满意。
3.系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如:
She’s so worried about her exams.(系表结构)她非常担心她的考试。
4.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。
六、其他需要注意的问题
1.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法。
(1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
(2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
Have you ever been to Shanghai 你曾去过上海吗
(3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
(4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。如:
I haven’t heard of it before.我以前从来没有听说过这件事。
2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1)侧重点不同:现在完成时是与现在有关的时态,属现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。如:
Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了动物园。(仅说明昨天去了动物园,与现在无关。)
Li Lei has read the book.李雷已看过那本书。(说明李雷了解那本书的内容。)
(2)连用的时间状语不同:与现在完成时连用的时间状语有lately,up to now,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间,for引出的时间等。而一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 2000,just now等连用。
注意:现在完成时态不可与yesterday,last week,two days ago之类的过去时间状语连用。如:
My father bought that watch ten years ago.我爸爸十年前买了那块手表。
I have never seen the film before.我以前从没看过这部影片。
3.have been to,have gone to 和have been in 三种结构的区别
have been to,have gone to 和have been in 是现在完成时的三个非常常见的结构。它们的用法有很大的差异。have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方,总之现在已不在该地。have gone to 则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点,或在去该地的途中,或已到了该地,总之现在还未回来。have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若该地为小地方,则in需用at代替,当后面跟副词时只用have been,其后不可用任何介词。如:
Jim has gone to London with his family.吉姆已经和他的家人去了伦敦。
Have you been to Beijing before 你以前去过北京吗
The Greens have been in China for two years.格林一家在中国已经两年了。
Li Lei’s aunt has been at this school for ten years.李雷的婶婶已在这个学校十年了。
The Greens are in China now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在中国,他们在这儿已经半年了。
题组训练 根据句意,填入所给动词的适当形式
①The students (celebrate) Children’s Day when I passed by their school.
②—Jenny, come to the kitchen. I need your help!
—Sorry, Mum. I (talk) on the phone.
③—I want to know when Mrs. Green will arrive.
—I will tell you as soon as she (arrive).
④Jack (offer) a job in a hospital, but he didn’t accept it.
⑤In Nanning, the Metro Line 3 (build) now.
1．（2021·辽宁盘锦市·中考真题）If the science fiction ________ into English, it will be popular around the world.
A．translates B．is translated C．translated D．was translated
2．（2021·广西桂林市·中考真题）These great books ________ by people all over the world today.
A．were read B．read C．are read
3．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）Where we should go ________ next Friday.
A．is decided B．was decided C．will be decided D．has been decided
4．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）In our English class, many chances ________ to students to show themselves.
A．offer B．are offered C．offered D．are offering
5．（2021·辽宁大连市·中考真题）The 2022 Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou.
A．hold B．held C．will be held D．have held
6．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）It ________ 100 years since the Communist Party ________ .
A．was; was founded B．has been; was founded
C．has been; founded D．was; founded
7．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）Paper, one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China, ________by Cai Lun about 2, 000 years ago.
A．was invented B．is invented C．were invented D．are invented
8．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish
—Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.
A．separates B．should separate
C．was separated D．should be separated
9．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）—How clean the roads are!
—They ______ by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A．are cleaned B．clean C．will clean
10．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
11．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Every year, millions of plastic bottles ________ away, polluting the land and waterways.
—That’s terrible. We should protect our environment.
A．threw B．are thrown C．have thrown D．were thrown
12．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—This math problem ________ in half an hour.
—Don’t worry. Mr. Wang is good at math. He can make it.
A．is working out B．would work out C．should be worked out D．has worked out
13．（2021·湖南邵阳市·中考真题）— Lily, cars are increasing very fast nowadays.
— Actually, lots of convenience (方便) ________ for us.
A．provided B．provided C．is provided
14．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— Eric, you ________ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up
— We aren’t allowed to bring phones to school. Em, but I broke the rule.
A．told B．tell C．are told D．were told
15．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone
一Because it ________ by Huawei last month.
A．was produced B．would produced C．has produced D．are produced
16．（2021·北京中考真题）Today, many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children.
A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．were enjoyed D．are enjoyed
17．（2021·海南中考真题）The play Teahouse ________ by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.
A．wrote B．was writing C．was written
18．（2021·吉林中考真题）— Let’s eat some snacks.
— Better not. Eating ________ in the library.
A．are not allowed B．doesn’t allow C．is not allowed
19．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）As we all know, the telephone ________ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A．invented B．is invented C．was invented
20．（2021·福建中考真题）Many research labs ________ in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.
A．are building B．will be built C．were built
21．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）Our sports meeting _______ until the end of July.
A．puts off B．will put off C．will be put off
22．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）Fishing _________ in order to protect the ecosystem of Hanjiang River.
A．allows B．is allowed C．isn’t allowed D．won’t allow
23．（2021·青海中考真题）—Students begin to pay more attention to subjects of art education.
—That’s true. They ________ in senior high school entrance examination.
A．are tested B．were tested C．will be tested
24．（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in China.
A．is held B．will hold C．will be held
25．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）In the big earthquake of Gansu, people ______ to the safe places by the army.
A．take B．took C．were taken
26．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Have you tasted zongzi, a kind of traditional Chinese rice dumplings
—Sure. It’s said that a lot of zongzi _________ at the food factory twenty days ago.
A．are made B．were made C．made
27．（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）Our school library ________ with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A．decorates B．decorated C．is decorated D．was decorating
28．（2021·河北中考真题）These gifts ________ by children in their last summer holidays.
A．made B．were made C．make D．are made
29．（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）Rainbows ________ when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.
A．produce B．produced C．are produced D．were produced
30．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）The blender________ for making a banana milk shake just now.
A．will be used B．was used C．is used
31．（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）— Did you notice the students ________ a few why questions in Mr. Zhang’s class
— Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A．are asked B．must be asked C．have been asked D．were asked
32．（2021·天津中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ________ by people of all ages.
A．will love B．was loved C．is loved D．will be loved
33．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）— Why do some whales have to ________
— Because humans catch whales for meat, fat and oil. Some of them are ________.
A．protect; dangerous B．protect; endangered C．be protected; dangerous D．be protected; endangered
34．（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A．are encouraged B．were encouraged C．have encouraged D．are encouraging
35．（2021·江西中考真题）The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ________ on TV and becomes very known.
A．interviewed B．has interviewed C．was interviewed D．will be interviewed
36．（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）— Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu
— Sure, You ________ to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.
A．were expected B．will expect C．are expecting D．are expected
37．（2021·云南昆明市·中考真题）A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they ________ to make their own decisions.
A．should allow B．shouldn’t allow
C．should be allowed D．shouldn’t be allowed
38．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）The Party’s 100th birthday ________ on July 1st this year in our country.
A．will be celebrated B．has been celebrated C．will celebrate
39．（2021·重庆中考真题）A lot of trees ________ in our city in spring every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
40．（2021·四川泸州市·中考真题）“I’m still working because I’m still capable and hope to guide more young people,” said Wu Mengchao when he _______.
A．is interviewed B．is interviewing C．was interviewed D．was interviewing
41．（2021·四川遂宁市·中考真题）To celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China, a speech competition ________ in our school last week.
A．hold B．held C．is held D．was held
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被动语态考点解析
一、被动语态的构成及用法
(一)被动语态的构成
1.被动语态的基本结构为:be+动词的过去分词
2.各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表(以动词do为例):
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are+done We clean the classroom. The classroom iscleaned by us.
一般过去时 did was/were+done He made the kite. The kite was made by him.
现在进行时 am/is/are+doing am/is/are+being done She is watering the plants. The plants are being watered by her.
现在完成时 have/has+done have/has+been done Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim.
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to+do will/shall/be going to+be done They will planttrees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
过去进行时 was/were+doing was/were+being done She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.
3.含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如:
Anything here can’t be touched.这里的任何东西都不能碰。
(二)被动语态的用法
在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种情况:
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
This watch is made in China.这块手表是中国制造的。
2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:
More trees must be planted every year.每年都必须种更多的树。
3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如:
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语使用广泛)
4.句子的主语是物。如:
Many houses were washed away by the flood.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
二、主动语态和被动语态的转换
(一)主动语态变为被动语态
1.要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语,若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。
2.把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,主格代词变成宾格代词,作by的宾语。
3.谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。如:
We asked him to sing an English song.(变为被动语态)→
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
(二)带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化成主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:
She gave me a book.(变为被动语态)→
I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me变为主语)
A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book变为主语)
(三)动词短语变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如:
We should speak to old men politely.(变为被动语态)→Old men should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略)
(四)带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时,只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。如:
I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
(五)变被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等及使役动词let,make,have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to。如:
He makes the girl stay at home.(变为被动语态)→The girl is made to stay at home by him.
二．知识拓展
主动结构表被动意义
1.open,lock,write,read,sell,clean,wash,cut,burn,drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表被动意义。如:
This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
This kind of shirt sells well here.这种衬衫在这里卖得好。
2.look,sound,taste,smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如:
School uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着校服很难看。
3.be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。如:
This book is worth reading.这本书值得读一读。
4.“want/need/require+doing”相当于“want/need/require+to be done”。to be done表示不定式的被动结构。如:
My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。
不用被动语态的情况
1.当主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用作被动语态的主语。如:
The man introduced himself as Mr.White.(主动语态)那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。
Himself was introduced as Mr.White.(误)
They help each other to study English.(主动语态)他们互相帮助学习英语。
Each other is helped to study English.(误)
2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。如:
We will have a meeting.(主动语态)我们将要开一个会。
A meeting will be had by us.(误)
3.当主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能用作被动语态中的主语。如:
My brother enjoys watching TV.(主动语态)我弟弟喜欢看电视。
Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.(误)
He asked to have a try.(主动语态)他请求试一试。
To have a try was asked by him.(误)
五、被动语态和系表结构的区别
1.被动语态表示以主语为动作的承受者,而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如:
The shop is closed at 9:00 p.m.(动作)这家商店晚上9点钟关门。
The shop is closed today.(状态)这家商店今天不开门。
2.系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配,被动语态结构中则没有。如:
Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)王老师对我们很满意。
3.系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如:
She’s so worried about her exams.(系表结构)她非常担心她的考试。
4.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。
六、其他需要注意的问题
1.几个副词在现在完成时中的用法。
(1)just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
He has just come back from Beijing.他刚从北京回来。
(2)ever意为“曾经”,放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
Have you ever been to Shanghai 你曾去过上海吗
(3)never意为“从来没有”,常与before 连用,多放在助动词与过去分词之间。如:
I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过。
(4)before 意为“以前”,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。如:
I haven’t heard of it before.我以前从来没有听说过这件事。
2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1)侧重点不同:现在完成时是与现在有关的时态,属现在时态范畴,它侧重于过去的动作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时侧重于表示过去的动作,与现在无关。如:
Yesterday I went to the zoo.昨天我去了动物园。(仅说明昨天去了动物园,与现在无关。)
Li Lei has read the book.李雷已看过那本书。(说明李雷了解那本书的内容。)
(2)连用的时间状语不同:与现在完成时连用的时间状语有lately,up to now,so far,in the last/past...,before,ever,never,since引出的时间,for引出的时间等。而一般过去时则常与ago,yesterday,last...,in 2000,just now等连用。
注意:现在完成时态不可与yesterday,last week,two days ago之类的过去时间状语连用。如:
My father bought that watch ten years ago.我爸爸十年前买了那块手表。
I have never seen the film before.我以前从没看过这部影片。
3.have been to,have gone to 和have been in 三种结构的区别
have been to,have gone to 和have been in 是现在完成时的三个非常常见的结构。它们的用法有很大的差异。have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”,说话时已从该地回来或已从该地去了其他地方,总之现在已不在该地。have gone to 则表示“已去了某地”,说话时不在说话地点,或在去该地的途中,或已到了该地,总之现在还未回来。have been in 表示“已在某地(待了多久)”,若该地为小地方,则in需用at代替,当后面跟副词时只用have been,其后不可用任何介词。如:
Jim has gone to London with his family.吉姆已经和他的家人去了伦敦。
Have you been to Beijing before 你以前去过北京吗
The Greens have been in China for two years.格林一家在中国已经两年了。
Li Lei’s aunt has been at this school for ten years.李雷的婶婶已在这个学校十年了。
The Greens are in China now.They have been here for half a year.格林一家现在在中国,他们在这儿已经半年了。
题组训练 根据句意,填入所给动词的适当形式
①The students were celebrating (celebrate) Children’s Day when I passed by their school.
②—Jenny, come to the kitchen. I need your help!
—Sorry, Mum. I am talking (talk) on the phone.
③—I want to know when Mrs. Green will arrive.
—I will tell you as soon as she arrives (arrive).
④Jack was offered (offer) a job in a hospital, but he didn’t accept it.
⑤In Nanning, the Metro Line 3 is being built (build) now.
1．（2021·辽宁盘锦市·中考真题）If the science fiction ________ into English, it will be popular around the world.
A．translates B．is translated C．translated D．was translated
【答案】B
【详解】句意：如果这部科幻小说被翻译成英文，它将会在全世界受到欢迎。
考查一般现在时被动语态。if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”，从句用一般现在时。主语“the science fiction”与动词“translate”之间是被动关系，故此处应填一般现在时被动语态is/am/are done的结构，故选B。
2．（2021·广西桂林市·中考真题）These great books ________ by people all over the world today.
A．were read B．read C．are read
【答案】C
【详解】句意：现在全世界的人都在读这些伟大的书。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；结合时间状语today可知，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“These great books”是复数形式，be用are；read的过去分词是read。故选C。
3．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）Where we should go ________ next Friday.
A．is decided B．was decided C．will be decided D．has been decided
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们该去哪里将在下星期五决定。
考查被动语态。根据“next Friday”可知，句子应用一般将来时，且主句“Where we should go”与动词decide之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。
4．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）In our English class, many chances ________ to students to show themselves.
A．offer B．are offered C．offered D．are offering
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在我们的英语课上，给学生提供了很多展示自己的机会。
考查被动语态。句子主语chances与动词offer之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，陈述一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。
5．（2021·辽宁大连市·中考真题）The 2022 Asian Games ________ in Hangzhou.
A．hold B．held C．will be held D．have held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：2022年亚运会将在杭州举行。
考查被动语态。根据主语“The 2022 Asian Games”与动词hold的关系可知，此处应用被动语态，2022是将来的时间，应用一般将来时的被动，故选C。
6．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）It ________ 100 years since the Communist Party ________ .
A．was; was founded B．has been; was founded
C．has been; founded D．was; founded
【答案】B
【详解】句意：共产党成立已经100年了。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语从句“since the Communist Party… .”可知，空一应用现在完成时，构成形式为：have/has done；主语“It”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has；be的过去分词是been；since引导的时间状语从句应用一般过去时，且主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，构成形式为：was/were done；主语“the Communist Party”是第三人称单数形式，助动词应用was；found的过去分词是founded。故选B。
7．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）Paper, one of the four greatest inventions in ancient China, ________by Cai Lun about 2, 000 years ago.
A．was invented B．is invented C．were invented D．are invented
【答案】A
【详解】句意：纸是中国古代四大发明之一，大约在2000年前由蔡伦发明。
考查一般过去时被动语态。根据“by Cai Lun”及“ 2, 000 years ago”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done，主语paper表示“纸”，是不可数名词，故选A。
8．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—Mum, could I help you take out the rubbish
—Sure. But it ________ into different kinds for recycling first.
A．separates B．should separate
C．was separated D．should be separated
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能帮你把垃圾拿出去吗？——确定。但是首先应该把它们分成不同的种类进行回收。
考查时态和语态辨析。主语“it”与动词separate之间是动宾关系，用被动语态；结合常识可知此处讲垃圾应该先被分类，用含情态动词should的的被动语态，其结构为should be done。故选D。
9．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）—How clean the roads are!
—They ______ by the hard-working cleaners every day.
A．are cleaned B．clean C．will clean
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——道路多么干净啊！——它们被勤劳的清洁工每天打扫。
考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“every day”可知，句子是一般现在时，根据“by the hard-working cleaners”可知，此处要用一般现在时被动语态is/am/are done的结构，故选A。
10．（2021·湖北黄石市·中考真题）—How long may I ________ your magazine
—For one week. But it mustn’t ________ to others.
A．borrow; lend B．keep; be lent C．lend; be borrowed D．have; lend
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我能借你的字典多长时间？——一周。但是你不能把它借给其他人。
考查动词辨析。borrow借，是瞬间性动词，不能和一段时间搭配使用；keep保存，保持，是延续性动词；lend借给，瞬间性动词；have拥有。根据第一句话中How long可知，表示一段时间，要与延续性动词一起连用，排除AC。主语it是动作lend的承受者，用被动语态，故选B。
11．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Every year, millions of plastic bottles ________ away, polluting the land and waterways.
—That’s terrible. We should protect our environment.
A．threw B．are thrown C．have thrown D．were thrown
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——每年，数以百万计的塑料瓶被丢弃，污染了土地和水道。——那太可怕了。我们应该保护我们的环境。
考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“every year”可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语“plastic bottles”与动词“thrown”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时被动语态is/are/am done的结构，故选B。
12．（2021·湖北襄阳市·中考真题）—This math problem ________ in half an hour.
—Don’t worry. Mr. Wang is good at math. He can make it.
A．is working out B．would work out C．should be worked out D．has worked out
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——这道数学题应在半小时内解决。——不要担心。王先生擅长数学。他可以解出它。
考查被动语态。根据“in half an hour”可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态，从时态上排除A/B/D选项，C选项是含有情态动词的被动语态，符合语境和语法，故选C。
13．（2021·湖南邵阳市·中考真题）— Lily, cars are increasing very fast nowadays.
— Actually, lots of convenience (方便) ________ for us.
A．provided B．provided C．is provided
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——莉莉，现在汽车数量增长很快。——实际上，它为我们提供了很多便利。
考查一般现在时被动语态。主语convenience“方便”和动词provide“提供”之间是被动关系；又根据句意可知，此处是一般现在时，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are+动词过去分词，主语convenience是不可数名词，be动词用is，故选C。
14．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— Eric, you ________ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up
— We aren’t allowed to bring phones to school. Em, but I broke the rule.
A．told B．tell C．are told D．were told
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——埃里克，你刚才被告诉去教师办公室。怎么了？——我们不准带手机上学。嗯，但我违反了规则。
考查动词时态和被动语态。根据“just now”可知，时态是一般过去时；埃里克被告诉去教师办公室，故为被动语态；即本句是一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were done。故选D。
15．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone
一Because it ________ by Huawei last month.
A．was produced B．would produced C．has produced D．are produced
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——为什么我从来没见过这种手机？——因为它是上个月由华为生产的。
考查动词时态及被动语态。根据句中“last month”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，排除B/C/D选项；it指代的是这种手机，与动词之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
16．（2021·北京中考真题）Today, many winter Olympic sports ________ even by children.
A．enjoyed B．enjoy C．were enjoyed D．are enjoyed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：今天，许多冬季奥运会项目甚至受到孩子们的喜爱。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“Today”可知，是一般现在时，根据“by children”可知，表被动，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选D。
17．（2021·海南中考真题）The play Teahouse ________ by the famous Chinese writer Lao She.
A．wrote B．was writing C．was written
【答案】C
【详解】句意：著名的中国作家老舍写了话剧《茶馆》。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据主语“The play Teahouse”及“by the famous Chinese writer Lao She”可知表达被动含义，用一般过去时的被动形式“was written”。故选C。
18．（2021·吉林中考真题）— Let’s eat some snacks.
— Better not. Eating ________ in the library.
A．are not allowed B．doesn’t allow C．is not allowed
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我们吃点零食吧。——最好不要。图书馆内不允许进食。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语Eating是动作allow的承受者，用被动语态，主语是动名词，be动词用is。故选C。
19．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）As we all know, the telephone ________ Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A．invented B．is invented C．was invented
【答案】C
【详解】句意：众所周知，电话是亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年发明的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语the telephone是动作invent的承受者，用被动语态，结合“in 1876”可知，是一般过去时的被动语态，故选C。
20．（2021·福建中考真题）Many research labs ________ in the next 5 years to develop science and technology in China.
A．are building B．will be built C．were built
【答案】B
【详解】句意：未来5年，中国将建立许多研究实验室来发展科学技术。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语Many research labs是动作build的承受者，用被动语态，根据时间状语“in the next 5 years”可知，此处是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will be done。故选B。
21．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）Our sports meeting _______ until the end of July.
A．puts off B．will put off C．will be put off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们的运动会将推迟到七月底。
考查被动语态。句子主语sports meeting与动词put off之间是被动关系，应用被动结构，结合选项可知，C选项是一般将来时的被动，故选C。
22．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）Fishing _________ in order to protect the ecosystem of Hanjiang River.
A．allows B．is allowed C．isn’t allowed D．won’t allow
【答案】C
【详解】句意：为了保护汉江的生态系统，禁止捕鱼。
考查被动语态。句子主语Fishing与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且这种行为是不被允许的，应用否定形式，故选C。
23．（2021·青海中考真题）—Students begin to pay more attention to subjects of art education.
—That’s true. They ________ in senior high school entrance examination.
A．are tested B．were tested C．will be tested
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——学生开始重视艺术教育的学科。——是真的。他们将在中考中接受测试。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“They…in senior high school entrance examination.”可知，被测试的动作还未发生，用一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。
24．（2021·湖南湘潭市·中考真题）As is known to all, the 2022 Winter Olympics ________ in China.
A．is held B．will hold C．will be held
【答案】C
【详解】句意：众所周知，2022年冬奥会将在中国举行。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。根据“2022”可知，时态是一般将来时，主语the 2022 Winter Olympics是动作hold的承受者，所以用一般将来时的被动语态。故选C。
25．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）In the big earthquake of Gansu, people ______ to the safe places by the army.
A．take B．took C．were taken
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在甘肃大地震中，人们被军队带到了安全的地方。
考查被动语态。结合语境可知，句子主语people与动词take之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时的被动，故选C。
26．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Have you tasted zongzi, a kind of traditional Chinese rice dumplings
—Sure. It’s said that a lot of zongzi _________ at the food factory twenty days ago.
A．are made B．were made C．made
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你吃过粽子吗，一种中国传统的粽子？——当然。据说二十天前食品厂做了很多粽子。
考查一般过去时被动语态。主语“zongzi”与动词“make”之间是被动关系，且时间状语“twenty days ago”是一般过去时标志词，故此处应填一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选B。
27．（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）Our school library ________ with plants, lovely desks and chairs, so I feel relaxed while studying or reading there.
A．decorates B．decorated C．is decorated D．was decorating
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们学校的图书馆装饰着植物，可爱的书桌和椅子，所以我在那里学习或阅读时感到很放松。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意可知，主语和动词之间是动宾关系，故应用被动语态；结合语境，应用一般现在时的被动语态，构成形式为：be done；主语“Our school library”是第三人称单数形式，故be用is；decorate的过去分词是decorated。故选C。
28．（2021·河北中考真题）These gifts ________ by children in their last summer holidays.
A．made B．were made C．make D．are made
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这些礼物是孩子们在上一个暑假里做的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语gifts与谓语make之间为被动关系，故应用“be动词+过去分词”的被动语态结构，且根据last summer holidays提示，句子应用过去时，故空格处应用一般过去时的被动语态结构，故选B。
29．（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）Rainbows ________ when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.
A．produce B．produced C．are produced D．were produced
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时，彩虹就产生了。
考查一般现在时被动语态。主语“Rainbows”与动词“produce”之间是被动关系，根据“passes”可知，句子用一般现在时，故此空应填一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
30．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）The blender________ for making a banana milk shake just now.
A．will be used B．was used C．is used
【答案】B
【详解】句意：刚才这台搅拌机是用来做香蕉奶昔的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。be used for被用来做某事；根据“just now”可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
31．（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）— Did you notice the students ________ a few why questions in Mr. Zhang’s class
— Yes, I think he wanted to train their abilities of deep thinking.
A．are asked B．must be asked C．have been asked D．were asked
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你注意到在张先生的课堂上，学生们被问了一些为什么的问题吗？——是的，我想他是想训练他们的深度思考能力。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语the students是动作ask的承受者，根据“Did you notice”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为was/were done。故选D。
32．（2021·天津中考真题）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ________ by people of all ages.
A．will love B．was loved C．is loved D．will be loved
【答案】C
【详解】句意：孙悟空是中国传统的卡通英雄。今天，他受到了各年龄段人们的喜爱。
考查一般现在时被动语态。主语he与动词love之间是被动关系，根据“today”可知，此空应填一般现在时被动语态am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
33．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）— Why do some whales have to ________
— Because humans catch whales for meat, fat and oil. Some of them are ________.
A．protect; dangerous B．protect; endangered C．be protected; dangerous D．be protected; endangered
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——为什么要保护一些鲸鱼？——因为人类捕捉鲸鱼是为了获取肉、脂肪和油。其中一些濒临灭绝。
考查被动语态和形容词辨析。endangered濒临灭绝的；dangerous危险的；句子主语whales与动词protect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，have to是情态动词，此处构成情态动词的被动结构，排除A/B选项；结合常识可知，保护鲸鱼是因为一些鲸鱼濒临灭绝，第二空应用形容词endangered作表语，故选D。
34．（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）Now teenagers ________ to do voluntary work for their local commodities.
A．are encouraged B．were encouraged C．have encouraged D．are encouraging
【答案】A
【详解】句意：现在鼓励青少年为当地的商品做义工。
考查被动语态。句子主语teenagers与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，排除C/D选项；陈述事实用一般现在时的被动，结构是“am/is/are+done”，故选A。
35．（2021·江西中考真题）The man did a great job in fighting COVID-19. He ________ on TV and becomes very known.
A．interviewed B．has interviewed C．was interviewed D．will be interviewed
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他在抗击新冠肺炎疫情中表现出色。他因为接受了电视采访而出名了。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语he是动作interview的承受者，根据语境可知，采访的动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
36．（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）— Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu
— Sure, You ________ to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.
A．were expected B．will expect C．are expecting D．are expected
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——吴老师，下周我们一定要读一些什么吗 ——当然，你们要读《黑骏马》从58页到85页。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据上文“Do we have to read anything next week, Mr Wu ”结合“Sure, You … to read Black Beauty from pages 58 to 85.”可知主语和谓语动词expect之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用被动语态，句子时态是一般现在时，因此用一般现在时的被动语态，即be+动词的过去分词，主语是you，be动词用are，expect的过去分词是expected，故选D。
37．（2021·云南昆明市·中考真题）A lot of teenagers think as they are older and wiser, they ________ to make their own decisions.
A．should allow B．shouldn’t allow
C．should be allowed D．shouldn’t be allowed
【答案】C
【详解】句意：很多青少年认为随着他们年龄的增长和智慧的提高，他们应该被允许自己做决定。
考查含情态动词的被动语态。主语“they”与allow之间是动宾关系，此处用被动语态；再由“as they are older and wiser”可知随着他们更年长、更聪明，应该被允许自己做决定，用肯定句。故选C。
38．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）The Party’s 100th birthday ________ on July 1st this year in our country.
A．will be celebrated B．has been celebrated C．will celebrate
【答案】A
【详解】句意：今年7月1日我国将庆祝建党100周年。
考查时态。根据“on July 1st this year”可知时态是一般将来时，且主语The Party’s 100th birthday与谓语动词celebrate之间是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。故选A。
39．（2021·重庆中考真题）A lot of trees ________ in our city in spring every year.
A．are planted B．were planted C．plant D．planted
【答案】A
【详解】句意：每年春天我们城市都种了很多树。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语A lot of trees是动作plant的承受者，根据“every year”可知，是一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are done。故选A。
40．（2021·四川泸州市·中考真题）“I’m still working because I’m still capable and hope to guide more young people,” said Wu Mengchao when he _______.
A．is interviewed B．is interviewing C．was interviewed D．was interviewing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：吴孟超在接受采访时说：“我还在工作，因为我还有能力，希望能引导更多的年轻人。”
考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析“when he ...”并结合选项可知，该句为被动语态，根据“said”可知，该句为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语结构是：was/were+动词的过去分词，“interview”的过去分词是“interviewed”。故选C。
41．（2021·四川遂宁市·中考真题）To celebrate the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China, a speech competition ________ in our school last week.
A．hold B．held C．is held D．was held
【答案】D
【详解】句意：为了庆祝中国共产党100岁生日，上周我们学校举行了一次演讲比赛。考查被动语态。句子主语speech competition与动词hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合“last week”可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是was/were+done，故选D。
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