中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
非谓语动词考点解析
考点一 动词不定式
1.动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以省略to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
2.动词不定式的基本用法
用法 说明 例句
作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,避免句子头重脚轻 To learn English well is useful.=It is useful to learn English well.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前加一个for短语。其结构为It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. It is good for you to go out for a walk.
在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个of短语,用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.
两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式通常省略to To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.
作宾语 不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等 I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.
在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面 I find it easy to read English every day.
在某些句型中,不定式中的to常被省略,如Why not do... Why don’t you do... ...had better do...,...would rather do...,Could/Would/Will you please do... I would rather stay in the room.
作宾语补足语 常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变成被动语态时必须加上to I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.
动词help后面的不定式,可以带to,也可以不带to You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.
作定语 作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 I have some clothes to wash.
如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系,则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词;但是,当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词 He is looking for a room to live in.We have a lot of things to talk about.My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.
不定式修饰 something,anything,nothing时,放在它们的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰,词序是:something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式 I had something cold to drink.
作状语 不定式经常作目的状语,可位于句首或句末 To be a good student,one must study hard.
和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作原因状语 We are sorry to trouble you.
作程度或结果状语时,常与enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连用 He is old enough to go to school.He is too young to go to school.
作表语 表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明 His wish is to become a doctor.
和疑问词连用 不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等 He didn’t know where to go.=He didn’t know where he should go.
题组训练 根据提示完成句子
①I hope (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.
②He found it hard (catch up with)his classmates.
③Father asks me (not play)computer games before finishing my homework.
④All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them (laugh).
⑤Let him (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.
⑥We have two rooms (live)in,but I can’t decide which one (choose).
考点二 动名词和分词
一、动名词
1.动名词的构成
动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
2.动名词的基本用法
用法 说明 例句
作主语 动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。有时可用it作形式主语,将用作真正主语的动名词放在句末 Swimming is good for our health.It’s interesting playing with children.
作宾语 动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,suggest,imagine,consider等后面接动名词作宾语 Her sister practices speaking English every day.
某些由介词构成的短语动词,如be interested in,be proud of,be worth,be used to,feel like,give up,think of,take part in等之后也接动名词作宾语 We are proud of being Chinese.We are used to living in this city.
作定语 通常位于名词前 They found another hiding place.
作表语 表示主语具有抽象名词特性 Seeing is believing.
注意:①英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆:
完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
②下列短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。
make contributions to... 为……做贡献
devote oneself to...致力于……
look forward to...期盼……
prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……
③need,require,want 后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。
The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.
题组训练 根据提示完成句子
①Before 2020 we will finish (build)the schools.
②She says she doesn’t feel like (go)out with you.
二．知识拓展
动词后接不定式与动名词的区别
①
Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。
Stop talking,please.请停止说话。
②
Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。
I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。
③
I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。
④
Please try to do better next time.请下次设法做得更好些。
He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。
⑤
Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后,接着做其他的。
He said nothing but just went on working.他什么都不说只是不停地干活。
⑥
We don’t allow students to go out.我们不允许学生外出。
We don’t allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。
⑦
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做,但是我没有选择。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
⑧
I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。
二、分词
1.分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意。过去分词有被动、完成之意。
2.分词的基本用法
用法 例句 说明
作定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree 你认识正站在树下面的那个女孩吗 Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的书面练习。 现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词
作状语 The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语为句子的主语
作表语 The book was rather boring.这本书相当枯燥乏味。The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了,以至于不能动了。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征,过去分词表示某种状态
作补语 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。He’ll have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。 现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑宾语
3.现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。如:
a moving film一部感人的电影
the moved people被感动的人们
(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如:
developing countries发展中国家
developed countries发达国家
4.现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别
我们常见的动词如see,watch,notice,hear等,接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;接现在分词作宾补,表示正在进行的动作。如:
I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)
I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)
I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)
I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)
5.have sb.do sth.,have sb./sth.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别
(1)have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let或make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如:
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替,现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如:
The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。
(3)have sth.done意为“让别人做某事”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。如:
The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）The lecture（讲座）is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late.
A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be
2．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him ________ in the music room.
A．to sing B．sings C．singing D．sing
3．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）My parents are used to ________ after supper.
A．walk B．walks C．walking D．walked
4．（2021·辽宁大连市·中考真题）Don’t worry. We will meet next Monday ________ the project again,
A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss
5．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）—English is difficult ________ at the beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep ________ , you can make progress.
A．to be learned; trying B．to learn; trying
C．to be learned; to try D．to learn; to try
6．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）I used to ________ at half past six, but now I am getting used to ________at seven.
A．getting up, get up B．get up, getting up C．got up, getting up D．got up, get up
7．（2021·四川泸州市·中考真题）A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble ________ a proper living place. We should help them.
A．find B．found C．to find D．finding
8．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—My grandma is used to ________ in the countryside.
—Oh. So is my grandma.
A．live B．lives C．living D．lived
9．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）During the 16th century, Europe saw rich developments in science, medicine and the arts. People had to “invent” words ________ new ideas.
A．to express B．expresses C．express
10．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from ________ directly in your eyes.
A．shine B．shining C．to shine
11．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）The policeman told the children ________ in the river. It’s too dangerous!
A．to not swim B．not to swim C．not swim D．not swimming
12．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）Our teachers don’t allow us ______ mobile phones in the school.
A．to use B．use C．using
13．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Hi! Alice, why are you in such a hurry
—________ my best friend from Canada at the airport.
A．Meet B．Meeting C．To meet D．Met
14．（2021·湖南邵阳市·中考真题）—How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam
—Keep on ________ and you’ll make progress.
A．practice B．practicing C．to practice
15．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground.
—Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there.
A．play; play B．play; playing C．playing; play D．playing; playing
16．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）I was deeply moved by the film, Hi, Mum. I think it’s well worth ________.
A．to watch B．watch C．watching
17．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）The teacher with curly hair teaches us _________ the guitar.
A．to play B．play C．playing
18．（2021·海南中考真题）— I have less homework than before!
— Me too. Now, we have enough time ________ sports.
A．do B．doing C．to do
19．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题） ________ the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.
A．Enjoyed B．Enjoying C．Enjoy D．To enjoy
20．（2021·吉林中考真题）Mr. White invited me ________ the hill with him last weekend.
A．to climb B．climb C．climbing
21．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Mario and his friends are making some plans _________ in an old people’s home this summer.
A．work B．working C．to work
22．（2021·福建中考真题）Our school has held many activities ________ the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China.
A．celebrate B．celebrated C．to celebrate
23．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）It’s necessary for students ________ eye exercises.
A．do B．doing C．to do
24．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen.
—That’s true. It is well worth ________ again.
A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing
25．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）The film Hi, Mom（《你好, 李焕英》）is moving, and I think it is well worth __________.
A．see B．to be seen C．seeing D．to see
26．（2021·青海中考真题）—The government has developed the law ________.
—Yeah, lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates.
A．to keep restaurants clean B．to protect people
C．to stop food waste
27．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）The government asks people ______ the rubbish from their daily life in different groups.
A．to put B．putting C．put
28．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）一Do you always get up so early
一Yes, _________ the first bus. My home is far away from school.
A．catch B．catching C．to catch
29．（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people ________ closer to them.
A．get B．to get C．getting D．got
30．（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）Last September, Thunderstorm was shown ________ Cao Yu, one of China’s greatest playwrights.
A．remember B．remembering C．remembered D．to remember
31．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村）makes farmers ________their living conditions.
A．to improve B．improve C．improving
32．（2021·天津中考真题）When I was young, my parents taught me ________ older people kindly.
A．treats B．to treat C．treated D．treat
33．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）— Ms. Griffin, what should we do ________ stupid mistakes in the coming exams
— Be more careful.
A．avoid make B．avoiding making C．avoid making D．to avoid making
34．（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A．stay B．to stay C．stayed D．staying
35．（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）In many countries, people put their fingers up to their mouths ________ silence.
A．ask for B．asking for C．to ask for D．asked for
36．（2021·云南中考真题）The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something ________ it.
A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected
37．（2021·云南昆明市·中考真题）It is necessary to learn ________ time and make good use of every minute.
A．to manage B．managing C．to lose D．losing
38．（2021·重庆中考真题）Peter’s mother gets up early ________ breakfast for him every morning.
A．to make B．making C．make D．makes
39．（2021·重庆中考真题）The villagers plan ________ a new bridge over the river.
A．build B．building C．to build D．built
40．（2021·四川自贡市·中考真题）—Would you mind not ________football in the hallway
—Sorry, I won’t.
A．play B．playing C．to play
41．（2021·四川遂宁市·中考真题）—My parents don’t allow me ________ my phone on school days.
—They are strict. But they always want the best for you.
A．to use B．use C．using D．used
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非谓语动词考点解析
考点一 动词不定式
1.动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以省略to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+(to+)动词原形。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。
2.动词不定式的基本用法
用法 说明 例句
作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,避免句子头重脚轻 To learn English well is useful.=It is useful to learn English well.
如果要说明不定式表示的动作的执行者,可以在不定式前加一个for短语。其结构为It+be+adj.+for sb.+to do sth. It is good for you to go out for a walk.
在以某些表示人的品质、特征等的形容词(如kind,good,nice,wise,clever,polite等)作表语时,不定式之前可以加一个of短语,用来说明动作的执行者。其结构为It+be+adj.+of sb.+to do sth. It’s not polite of him to speak to old people like that.
两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式通常省略to To go to sleep early and get up early is a good habit.
作宾语 不定式用在及物动词后作宾语,常见的这类及物动词有begin,choose,continue,decide,expect,fail,forget,hate,help,hope,learn,manage,mean,need,offer,plan,prefer,pretend,promise,refuse,try,afford,agree,start,like等 I can’t afford to buy a digital camera at the moment.
在find,think后跟不定式作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放在后面 I find it easy to read English every day.
在某些句型中,不定式中的to常被省略,如Why not do... Why don’t you do... ...had better do...,...would rather do...,Could/Would/Will you please do... I would rather stay in the room.
作宾语补足语 常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有want,ask,tell,allow,get,would like,advise,encourage等 My mother encourages me to learn Japanese.
一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补,这时不定式要省略to。这些动词有一感(feel)、二听(hear,listen to)、三让(let,make,have)、四看(look at,see,watch,notice)。但变成被动语态时必须加上to I often hear Li Ming sing in the next room.
动词help后面的不定式,可以带to,也可以不带to You must help me(to)do my homework this afternoon.
作定语 作定语的不定式,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后 I have some clothes to wash.
如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,且与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系,则作定语的不定式要加上相应的介词;但是,当不定式修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后面习惯上要省略介词 He is looking for a room to live in.We have a lot of things to talk about.My grandma had no place to live(in)in the old days.
不定式修饰 something,anything,nothing时,放在它们的后面,如果something,anything,nothing有形容词修饰,词序是:something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式 I had something cold to drink.
作状语 不定式经常作目的状语,可位于句首或句末 To be a good student,one must study hard.
和某些形容词连用构成“be+形容词+不定式”结构,作原因状语 We are sorry to trouble you.
作程度或结果状语时,常与enough(表示肯定)或too(表示否定)连用 He is old enough to go to school.He is too young to go to school.
作表语 表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行解释说明 His wish is to become a doctor.
和疑问词连用 不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用,在句中作主语、宾语、表语等 He didn’t know where to go.=He didn’t know where he should go.
题组训练 根据提示完成句子
①I hope to find (find)a good job in a foreign company after I graduate from school.
②He found it hard to catch up with (catch up with)his classmates.
③Father asks me not to play (not play)computer games before finishing my homework.
④All the children like Mr.White very much because he often makes them laugh (laugh).
⑤Let him have (have)a rest.I think he must be tired after the long walk.
⑥We have two rooms to live (live)in,but I can’t decide which one to choose (choose).
考点二 动名词和分词
一、动名词
1.动名词的构成
动名词由“动词原形+-ing”构成,它具有名词的性质,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语,同时又保留了动词的性质,可以有自己的宾语和状语。
2.动名词的基本用法
用法 说明 例句
作主语 动名词在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。有时可用it作形式主语,将用作真正主语的动名词放在句末 Swimming is good for our health.It’s interesting playing with children.
作宾语 动词enjoy,practice,finish,mind,miss,keep,suggest,imagine,consider等后面接动名词作宾语 Her sister practices speaking English every day.
某些由介词构成的短语动词,如be interested in,be proud of,be worth,be used to,feel like,give up,think of,take part in等之后也接动名词作宾语 We are proud of being Chinese.We are used to living in this city.
作定语 通常位于名词前 They found another hiding place.
作表语 表示主语具有抽象名词特性 Seeing is believing.
注意:①英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆:
完成练习值得忙(finish,practice,be worth,be busy)
继续习惯别放弃(keep on,be used to,give up)
考虑建议不禁想(consider,suggest,can’t help,feel like)
喜欢思念要介意(enjoy,miss,mind)
②下列短语中的to为介词,后面应加动名词作宾语。
make contributions to... 为……做贡献
devote oneself to...致力于……
look forward to...期盼……
prefer...to...比起……更喜欢……
③need,require,want 后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。
The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.
题组训练 根据提示完成句子
①Before 2020 we will finish building (build)the schools.
②She says she doesn’t feel like going (go)out with you.
二．知识拓展
动词后接不定式与动名词的区别
①
Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。
Stop talking,please.请停止说话。
②
Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。
I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。
③
I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已经把作业带来了。
④
Please try to do better next time.请下次设法做得更好些。
He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。
⑤
Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one.做完这个练习题后,接着做其他的。
He said nothing but just went on working.他什么都不说只是不停地干活。
⑥
We don’t allow students to go out.我们不允许学生外出。
We don’t allow smoking here.我们不允许在这里吸烟。
⑦
I regret to have to do this,but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样做,但是我没有选择。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought.我不后悔告诉了她我的想法。
⑧
I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。
二、分词
1.分词的构成
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形+-ing”构成;过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形+-ed”,但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意。过去分词有被动、完成之意。
2.分词的基本用法
用法 例句 说明
作定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree 你认识正站在树下面的那个女孩吗 Please hand in your written exercises.请交上你们的书面练习。 现在分词作定语,其逻辑主语是它所修饰的词;过去分词作定语,其逻辑宾语是它所修饰的词
作状语 The students went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.学生们谈笑着走出了教室。 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语为句子的主语
作表语 The book was rather boring.这本书相当枯燥乏味。The boy is too frightened to move.这个男孩太害怕了,以至于不能动了。 现在分词表示主语的性质、特征,过去分词表示某种状态
作补语 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.不要让我们等得太久。He’ll have his hair cut after school.放学后他要去理发。 现在分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑主语;过去分词作宾语补足语,宾语是它的逻辑宾语
3.现在分词和过去分词的区别
(1)在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。如:
a moving film一部感人的电影
the moved people被感动的人们
(2)在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如:
developing countries发展中国家
developed countries发达国家
4.现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别
我们常见的动词如see,watch,notice,hear等,接不带to的不定式作宾补,表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作;接现在分词作宾补,表示正在进行的动作。如:
I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)
I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)
I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)
I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成)
5.have sb.do sth.,have sb./sth.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别
(1)have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let或make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如:
The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。
(2)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”。have可以用keep代替,现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如:
The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。
(3)have sth.done意为“让别人做某事”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。如:
The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）The lecture（讲座）is worth ________. Please tell John ________ late.
A．attend; not be B．to attend; to be C．attended; to being D．attending; not to be
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这个讲座值得参加。请告诉约翰不要迟到。
考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：be worth doing sth.，表示“值得做某事”，第一空应用动名词形式attending，表示“参加”，在句中作宾语；固定搭配：tell sb. (not) to do sth.，表示“告诉某人(不）要做某事”，根据“The lecture is worth...”可知，此处指告诉约翰不要迟到，第二空应为not to be。故选D。
2．（2021·四川广元市·中考真题）The boy is crazy about music and we always hear him ________ in the music room.
A．to sing B．sings C．singing D．sing
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这个男孩对音乐很着迷，我们经常听到他在音乐室唱歌。
考查非谓语。此处是hear sb do/doing sth的结构，do表示动作已完成；doing表示动作正在进行；结合alway可知，动作是已经过去，应用省略to的不定式作宾语，故选D。
3．（2021·广西梧州市·中考真题）My parents are used to ________ after supper.
A．walk B．walks C．walking D．walked
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我父母习惯于晚饭后散步。
考查非谓语。be used to do sth被用来做某事；be used to doing sth习惯于做某事，结合语境，此处应用动名词形式，表示习惯于散步，故选C。
4．（2021·辽宁大连市·中考真题）Don’t worry. We will meet next Monday ________ the project again,
A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss
【答案】D
【详解】句意：别担心。我们下周一再开会讨论这个项目。
考查非谓语。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处表达的是目的，作目的状语，应用不定式形式，故选D。
5．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）—English is difficult ________ at the beginning.
—Yes, but if you keep ________ , you can make progress.
A．to be learned; trying B．to learn; trying
C．to be learned; to try D．to learn; to try
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——英语刚开始很难学。——是的，但如果你继续努力，你会取得进展的。
考查非谓语动词。根据“English is difficult…”可知，此处使用动词不定式的主动形式表被动，排除AC；keep doing sth继续做某事，使用动名词作宾语，故选B。
6．（2021·广西百色市·中考真题）I used to ________ at half past six, but now I am getting used to ________at seven.
A．getting up, get up B．get up, getting up C．got up, getting up D．got up, get up
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我过去常常六点半起床，但现在我正在习惯七点钟起床。
考查非谓语动词。used to do sth过去常常做某事；get used to doing sth习惯做某事。根据“but now”可知，前一句是描述过去常做的事情，第一空应填get up。第二句是描述现在习惯做的事情，第二空应填getting up，故选B。
7．（2021·四川泸州市·中考真题）A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble ________ a proper living place. We should help them.
A．find B．found C．to find D．finding
【答案】D
【详解】句意：云南省的一群大象很难找到一个合适的生活地点。我们应该帮助他们。
考查非谓语。have trouble (in) doing sth“最某事有困难”，空处应用动名词作宾语，故选D。
8．（2021·广西贵港市·中考真题）—My grandma is used to ________ in the countryside.
—Oh. So is my grandma.
A．live B．lives C．living D．lived
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我奶奶习惯住在农村。——哦，我奶奶也是如此。
考查非谓语动词。be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事，此处用动名词作宾语。故选C。
9．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）During the 16th century, Europe saw rich developments in science, medicine and the arts. People had to “invent” words ________ new ideas.
A．to express B．expresses C．express
【答案】A
【详解】句意：在16世纪，欧洲在科学、医学和艺术方面有了丰富的发展。人们不得不“发明”词语来表达新思想。
考查非谓语。分析句子结构可知，空处表达的是“为了表达新的想法”，应用不定式作目的状语，故选A。
10．（2021·山东临沂市·中考真题）Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from ________ directly in your eyes.
A．shine B．shining C．to shine
【答案】B
【详解】句意：记得戴太阳镜，以免阳光直射眼睛。
考查非谓语动词。短语stop sb/sth from doing阻止……做某事.from是介词，后接动名词作宾语，故选B。
11．（2021·江苏宿迁市·中考真题）The policeman told the children ________ in the river. It’s too dangerous!
A．to not swim B．not to swim C．not swim D．not swimming
【答案】B
【详解】句意：警察告诉孩子们不要在河里游泳。太危险了！
考查非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不做某事。根据“It’s too dangerous!”可知，警察告诉孩子不要在河里游泳。故选B。
12．（2021·湖南益阳市·中考真题）Our teachers don’t allow us ______ mobile phones in the school.
A．to use B．use C．using
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们老师不允许我们在学校用手机。
考查非谓语动词。固定搭配：allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。
13．（2021·四川凉山彝族自治州·中考真题）—Hi! Alice, why are you in such a hurry
—________ my best friend from Canada at the airport.
A．Meet B．Meeting C．To meet D．Met
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你好！爱丽丝，你为什么这么着急？——去机场接我从加拿大来的好朋友。
考查非谓语动词。根据“why are you in such a hurry”可知，是为了去机场接朋友，用动词不定式表目的，故选C。
14．（2021·湖南邵阳市·中考真题）—How can I improve my pronunciation, Madam
—Keep on ________ and you’ll make progress.
A．practice B．practicing C．to practice
【答案】B
【详解】句意：夫人，我该怎样改进我的发音呢？——坚持练习，你会有进步的。
考查非谓语动词。keep on doing sth.一直做某事，坚持做某事。介词on后接动名词作宾语。故选B。
15．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Look! There are some students ________ basketball on the playground.
—Yes. I often see them ________ basketball there.
A．play; play B．play; playing C．playing; play D．playing; playing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——看，一些学生正在操场打篮球。——是的。我经常看到他们在那里打篮球。
考查非谓语动词。“There are some students”后用现在分词做后置定语表述主动，第一空用“playing”。根据 “often see”可知表示“经常看到某人做某事”，用“see sb. do”。第二空用动词原形 “play”。故选C。
16．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）I was deeply moved by the film, Hi, Mum. I think it’s well worth ________.
A．to watch B．watch C．watching
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我被《你好，李焕英》这部电影深深感动了。我觉得很值得一看。
考查非谓语。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，空格处应用动名词形式，故选C。
17．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）The teacher with curly hair teaches us _________ the guitar.
A．to play B．play C．playing
【答案】A
【详解】句意：卷头发的那个老师教我们弹吉他。
考查非谓语动词。play演奏乐器，是一个动词。由句子结构可知，该句谓语动词为“teaches”，常用于句型teach sb. to do sth.“教某人去做某事”。故选A。
18．（2021·海南中考真题）— I have less homework than before!
— Me too. Now, we have enough time ________ sports.
A．do B．doing C．to do
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——我的作业比以前少了！——我也是。现在，我们有足够的时间做运动了。
考查不定式用法。enough time to do sth表示“足够时间做某事”，不定式作状语。故选C。
19．（2021·内蒙古包头市·中考真题） ________ the online shopping, my grandma bought a smart phone.
A．Enjoyed B．Enjoying C．Enjoy D．To enjoy
【答案】D
【详解】句意：为了享受网上购物，我的奶奶买了一个手机。
考查动词不定式。enjoyed动词地过去式；enjoying动名词；enjoy动词原形；to enjoy动词不定式。句子表示目的“为了享受网上购物”，用动词不定式“to enjoy”。故选D。
20．（2021·吉林中考真题）Mr. White invited me ________ the hill with him last weekend.
A．to climb B．climb C．climbing
【答案】A
【详解】句意：怀特先生上周末邀请我和他一起爬山。
考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”，故空格处应填动词不定式结构，故选A。
21．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Mario and his friends are making some plans _________ in an old people’s home this summer.
A．work B．working C．to work
【答案】C
【详解】句意：Mario和他的朋友正在计划这个夏天去老人之家工作。
考查不定式用法。此处不定式to work作定语，修饰plans。故选C。
22．（2021·福建中考真题）Our school has held many activities ________ the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China.
A．celebrate B．celebrated C．to celebrate
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我们学校举办了许多庆祝中国共产党100周年的活动。
考查非谓语动词。根据“the 100th birthday of the Communist Party of China”可知，庆祝中国共产党100周年是目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。
23．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）It’s necessary for students ________ eye exercises.
A．do B．doing C．to do
【答案】C
【详解】句意：学生做眼保健操是必要的。
考查非谓语。此处是固定句型It’s adj for sb to do sth，不定式作真正的主语，it作形式主语，故选C。
24．（2021·黑龙江鸡西市·中考真题）—So far, Hi Mom is one of the most ________ films I’ve ever seen.
—That’s true. It is well worth ________ again.
A．move; see B．moved; to see C．moving; seeing
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——到目前为止，《你好，李焕英》是我见过最感人的电影之一。——那是真的。它值得再看一遍。
考查词义辨析及非谓语动词。move移动，动词；moved感动的，修饰人；moving令人感动的，修饰物。第一空应填形容词修饰名词film，修饰物用以ing为结尾的形容词。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，动名词作宾语，故选C。
25．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）The film Hi, Mom（《你好, 李焕英》）is moving, and I think it is well worth __________.
A．see B．to be seen C．seeing D．to see
【答案】C
【详解】句意：电影《你好，李焕英》很感人，我觉得很值得一看。
考查非谓语。be worth doing sth“值得做某事”，空处应用动名词作宾语，故选C。
26．（2021·青海中考真题）—The government has developed the law ________.
—Yeah, lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates.
A．to keep restaurants clean B．to protect people
C．to stop food waste
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——政府已经制定了阻止食物浪费的法律。——是啊，很多餐馆都鼓励人们吃干净盘子里的食物。
考查动词短语。to keep restaurants clean保持餐厅干净；to protect people保护人们；to stop food waste阻止食物浪费。根据“lots of restaurants encourage people to clear the plates”可知，清盘行动是为了阻止食物浪费，故选C。
27．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）The government asks people ______ the rubbish from their daily life in different groups.
A．to put B．putting C．put
【答案】A
【详解】句意：政府要求人们对日常生活中的垃圾进行分类。
考查非谓语动词。put放，是一个动词。由句子结构可知，该句谓语动词为“ask”，常用于句型ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，故选A。
28．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）一Do you always get up so early
一Yes, _________ the first bus. My home is far away from school.
A．catch B．catching C．to catch
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你总是起得这么早吗？——是的，去赶第一班车。我家离学校很远。
考查非谓语动词。“起床早”的目的是“去赶第一班车”，故空格处是动词不定式表目的。故选C。
29．（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）I would be interested to see the pandas in the Wolong Panda Reserve, because it allows people ________ closer to them.
A．get B．to get C．getting D．got
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我很想去卧龙大熊猫保护区看看大熊猫，因为它能让人们更接近它们。
考查非谓语。此处是结构allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，空格处用不定式作宾补，故选B。
30．（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）Last September, Thunderstorm was shown ________ Cao Yu, one of China’s greatest playwrights.
A．remember B．remembering C．remembered D．to remember
【答案】D
【详解】句意：去年九月份，《雷雨》上映了是为了纪念中国最伟大的剧作家之一——曹禺。
考查非谓语动词。根据“Thunderstorm was shown … Cao Yu, one of China’s greatest playwrights”可知，《雷雨》上映的目的是为了纪念伟大的剧作家，用动词不定式表目的，故选D。
31．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）The socialist new countryside (社会主义新农村）makes farmers ________their living conditions.
A．to improve B．improve C．improving
【答案】B
【详解】句意：社会主义新农村改善了农民的生活条件。
考查非谓语动词。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。
32．（2021·天津中考真题）When I was young, my parents taught me ________ older people kindly.
A．treats B．to treat C．treated D．treat
【答案】B
【详解】句意：当我小的时候，我的父母教我要善待老年人。
考查动词不定式。treats第三人称单数；to treat动词不定式；treated过去式或过去分词；treat动词原形。teach sb to do sth.“教某人做某事”，固定搭配，故选B。
33．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）— Ms. Griffin, what should we do ________ stupid mistakes in the coming exams
— Be more careful.
A．avoid make B．avoiding making C．avoid making D．to avoid making
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——格里芬女士，我们该怎么做才能避免在即将到来的考试中犯愚蠢的错误呢？——小心点。
考查非谓语。此处表达的是“为了避免犯愚蠢的错误”，应用不定式作目的状语，且此处是avoid doing sth“避免做某事”，故选D。
34．（2021·江苏苏州市·中考真题）During our holidays, we should avoid ________ up at night and oversleeping in the morning.
A．stay B．to stay C．stayed D．staying
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在我们的假期，我们应该避免熬夜和早上睡过头。
考查动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth避免做某事，使用动名词作宾语，故选D。
35．（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）In many countries, people put their fingers up to their mouths ________ silence.
A．ask for B．asking for C．to ask for D．asked for
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在许多国家，人们把手指放在嘴里要求安静。
考查非谓语动词。分析“people put their fingers up to their mouths…silence”可知，此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故选C。
36．（2021·云南中考真题）The earth is in great danger now. We have to do something ________ it.
A．protect B．protecting C．to protect D．protected
【答案】C
【详解】句意：地球现在处于极大的危险之中。我们得做些事情来保护它。
考查非谓语。空格处是作后置定语修饰前面的复合不定代词something，表达的是没有发生的事情，应用不定式形式，选C。
37．（2021·云南昆明市·中考真题）It is necessary to learn ________ time and make good use of every minute.
A．to manage B．managing C．to lose D．losing
【答案】A
【详解】句意：学会管理时间，充分利用每一分钟是必要的。
考查动词辨析及非谓语动词。manage管理；lose失去。根据“make good use of every minute”可知是要管理时间；learn to do sth.学会做某事，此处用动词不定式作宾语。故选A。
38．（2021·重庆中考真题）Peter’s mother gets up early ________ breakfast for him every morning.
A．to make B．making C．make D．makes
【答案】A
【详解】句意：彼得的妈妈每天早上很早起床为他做早餐。
考查非谓语动词。分析“Peter’s mother gets up early…breakfast for him every morning.”可知，此处表示目的，用动词不定式作目的状语，故选A。
39．（2021·重庆中考真题）The villagers plan ________ a new bridge over the river.
A．build B．building C．to build D．built
【答案】C
【详解】句意：村民们计划在这条河上再建一座桥。
考查非谓语动词。plan to do sth计划做某事，使用动词不定式作宾语，故选C。
40．（2021·四川自贡市·中考真题）—Would you mind not ________football in the hallway
—Sorry, I won’t.
A．play B．playing C．to play
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能不在走廊里踢球吗？——对不起，我不会了。
考查固定用法。mind doing sth表示“介意做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。
41．（2021·四川遂宁市·中考真题）—My parents don’t allow me ________ my phone on school days.
—They are strict. But they always want the best for you.
A．to use B．use C．using D．used
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我父母不允许我上学时用手机。——他们很严格。但他们总是想给你最好的。
考查非谓语。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”，空格处应用不定式作补语，故选A。
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