中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
定语从句考点解析
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that,who,whom 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam 你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗
that,which 主语、宾语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。
whose 定语 人、物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。
why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late 你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
1.关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:
A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.
先行词 主语 谓语 宾语
分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。
(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:
Is there anything(that)you don’t understand
你有什么不懂的地方吗
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:
This is the only book that I can find.
这是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:
I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。
⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:
Which is the hotel that you like best
哪个是你最喜欢的旅店
(2)关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher
正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
二．知识拓展
关系副词的用法
(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:
I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。
(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:
That is the school where I studied three years ago.
那是我三年前就读的学校。
题组训练
一、选择适当的词填空
1.The boy (who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
2.The only e-mail (who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister.
3.I hate people (that;which;whom)talk much but do little.
4.The hotel (which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one.
5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein (which;who;whom)I can use for my report
6.This is the most amazing photo (which;that;who)I have ever seen.
一
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
2．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
4．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
5．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A．who B．whose C．which D．what
6．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Do you know the boy ________ hand writing won the first in the competition
—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
7．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）I like smart clothes ________ are made of silk.
A．who B．which C．what
8．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A．who B．which C．whose
9．（2021·福建中考真题）We all miss Wu Mengchao ________ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A．which B．what C．who
10．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
11．（2021·青海中考真题）Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
A．where B．which C．who
12．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）—Do you know the woman ______ wears a blue skirt
—Oh, she’s my aunt.
A．which B．who C．what
13．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme _________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A．who B．that C．what
14．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian ________.
A．that they can sing along with
B．which can they sing along with
C．who they can sing along with
15．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A．what; which B．what; what C．which; what D．which; where
16．（2021·云南中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice”.
A．when B．who C．which D．whose
17．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber ________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A．who B．whose C．which
18．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
二
1.【2020 青海省】We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A. who B. which C. whom
2.【2020 福建省】Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A．which B．whom C．who
3.【2020 黑龙江绥化】We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.
A. who B. that C. whom
4.【2020 吉林省】This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.
A. who B. that C. whom
5.【2020 盐城市】What our society is like is decided by everyone chooses to behave.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
6.【2020 湖北省恩施州】Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A．She B．which C．who
7..【2020 湖北省十堰市】—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
8.【2020 鄂州市】I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
9.【2020 黄冈市】—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
10.【2020 怀化市】—Do you like the song Shao Nian
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A. that B. who C. what
11.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】Our teacher told us a funny story ________ made us laugh.
A. when B. which C. who D. whom
12.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】The house in ________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A. which B. where C. that
13. 【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市中考】—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who C. that
14. 【2020 山东滨州市中考】—Do you know Li Ziqi
—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A. whose B. where C. which D. who
15. 【2020 四川省成都市中考】The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose C. that
16 【2020 甘孜州中考】The nurse _____________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister.
A. which B. who C. what
17. 【2020 贵州省安顺市中考】In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A. whom B. which C. who
18. 【2020 贵州黔东南州中考】Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A. who B. which C. what D. when
三
1. 【2019 黑龙江省大庆市】The book __________ I read last night was fantastic.
A. that B. what C. whose D. who
2. 【2019 吉林省中考】Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students.
A. which B. who C. where
3. 【2019 甘肃省天水市】—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球)
—Yes. It’s the best one __________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
4. 【2019 贵州省贵阳市】Wang Yangming is a great educationalist __________ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.
A. which B. what C. who
5. 【2019 四川省内江市】The book __________ was written by him is very interesting.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
6. 【2019 四川省遂宁市】My mother doesn’t like stories __________ have sad endings.
A. that B. who C. where D. those
7. 【2019 四川省达州市】—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree __________ waiting in a line
—They are the students from No. 1 Primary School.
A. that are B. where are C. which is D. who is
8. 【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特市】Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat __________ tell you your weight
A. / B. who C. whom D. that
9. 【2019 湖南省湘潭市】On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire __________ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.
A. that B. who C. where
10. 【2019 广西省玉林市】—Hey, Anna, Would you like to see The White Storm with me
—You mean, the new police story __________ was filmed by Chen Musheng.
A. who B. what C. whose D. which
11. 【2019 甘肃省兰州市】The movie ___________ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
12. 【2019 四川省乐山市】—What are you looking for
—I’m looking for the storybook ___________ you lent to me last week.
A. who B. which C. when
13. 【2019 山东省临沂市】Peppa Pig (《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon ___________ has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.
A. who B. which C. /
14. 【2019 四川省眉山市】Success always belongs to those ___________ have tried their best to make their dreams come true.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
15. 【2019 湖北省随州市】—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies ___________ give me something to think about.
A. which B. who C. what D. when
16. 【2019 甘肃省武威市】I prefer music ___________ has great lyrics.
A. who B. whose C. that D. /
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定语从句考点解析
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
关系词 作用 先行词 例句
that,who,whom 主语、宾语、表语 人 Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam 你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗
that,which 主语、宾语、表语 物 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。
whose 定语 人、物 The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。
when 状语 时间 I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。
where 状语 地点 This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。
why 状语 原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late 你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗
1.关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:
A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.
先行词 主语 谓语 宾语
分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。
(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:
Is there anything(that)you don’t understand
你有什么不懂的地方吗
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:
This is the only book that I can find.
这是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:
I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。
⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:
Which is the hotel that you like best
哪个是你最喜欢的旅店
(2)关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher
正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁
二．知识拓展
关系副词的用法
(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:
I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。
(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:
That is the school where I studied three years ago.
那是我三年前就读的学校。
题组训练
一、选择适当的词填空
1.The boy who (who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
2.The only e-mail that (who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister.
3.I hate people that (that;which;whom)talk much but do little.
4.The hotel where (which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one.
5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein which (which;who;whom)I can use for my report
6.This is the most amazing photo that (which;that;who)I have ever seen.
一
1．（2021·辽宁营口市·中考真题）I’ll never forget the place ________ we visited together last year.
A．which B．what C．who D．whom
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：我永远不会忘记我们去年一起去过的那个地方。
考查定语从句。which哪一个；what什么；who谁；whom谁，who的宾语。该句为定语从句，且从句中缺宾语，先行词place指物，故应用关系代词which，故选A。
2．（2021·黑龙江大庆市·中考真题）I’d like to express my thanks to everyone ________ served the community.
A．which B．who C．where D．when
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：我想对每一个为社区服务的人表示感谢。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，everyone是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选B。
3．（2021·山东滨州市·中考真题）In my opinion, of all the books, this is the only one ______ is well worth reading.
A．who B．that C．whom D．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：在我看来，在所有的书中，这是唯一值得一读的。
考查定语从句关系词。根据“of all the books, this is the only one”可知先行词the only one指物，先行词用the only修饰时，只能用that引导限制性定语从句。故选B。
4．（2021·湖北黄冈市·中考真题）— What can we do for the left-home children in the village ________ need help
— We could help them with their study online on weekends.
A．which B．whom C．whose D．who
【答案】D
【详解】
句意：——我们能为那些需要帮助的农村留守儿童做些什么呢？——我们可以在周末帮助他们在线学习。
考查定语从句。which先行词指物；whom先行词指人，在从句中作宾语；whose先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语。本句先行词是the left-children，指人，且空格处在从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。故选D。
5．（2021·贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州·中考真题）On December 31, 2020, the New Year speech ________ President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for our motherland.
A．who B．whose C．which D．what
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：2020年12月31日，习近平主席的新年讲话鼓舞了中国人民更加努力地为祖国奋斗。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是speech，指物，在从句中作宾语，应用which引导，故选C。
6．（2021·贵州铜仁市·中考真题）—Do you know the boy ________ hand writing won the first in the competition
—Oh, he is Wang Wei, our monitor.
A．who B．whose C．whom D．which
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你认识那个在书法比赛中得了第一名的男孩吗？——嗯，他是王伟，我们的班长。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；whom关系代词，指人，作宾语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；句子先行词是boy，根据“handwriting won the first in the competition”可知，此处指的是“男孩的书法”，应用whose作定语，故选B。
7．（2021·黑龙江绥化市·中考真题）I like smart clothes ________ are made of silk.
A．who B．which C．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：我喜欢丝绸做的漂亮衣服。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是clothes，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用which引导定语从句，故选B。
8．（2021·贵州贵阳市·中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue is a piece of music _________ has become one of China’s national treasures.
A．who B．which C．whose
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：阿炳的《二泉映月》是一首已成为中国国宝之一的音乐作品。
考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人，作主语；which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；whose关系代词，指人或物，作定语；先行词“music”，指物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故选B。
9．（2021·福建中考真题）We all miss Wu Mengchao ________ saved thousands of lives in his medical work.
A．which B．what C．who
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：我们都怀念吴孟超，他在医疗工作中挽救了成千上万的生命。
考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；who关系代词，指人，作主语；先行词“Wu Mengchao”，指人，在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句，故选C。
10．（2021·湖北十堰市·中考真题）This is the first birthday gift _________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A．which B．that C．who D．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我保存了很多年了。
考查定语从句。which关系代词，指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；that关系代词，指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语；what不能引导定语从句；句子先行词是gift，指物，而先行词前有序数词修饰，应用that引导，故选B。
11．（2021·青海中考真题）Chaka Salt Lake ________ is known as Mirror of the Sky interests more and more tourists.
A．where B．which C．who
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：素有“天空之镜”之称的茶卡盐湖吸引着越来越多的游客。
考查定语从句，此句是定语从句，先行词Chaka Salt Lake 指物，在从句中作主语，用which引导定语从句，故选B。
12．（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）—Do you know the woman ______ wears a blue skirt
—Oh, she’s my aunt.
A．which B．who C．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你认识那个穿蓝色裙子的女人吗？——哦，她是我阿姨。
考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是the woman指人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选B。
13．（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme _________ brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A．who B．that C．what
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：——你喜欢中央电视台的每周脱口秀《朗读者》吗？——当然。这是一个很好的电视节目，它让公众重新养成了阅读的习惯。
考查定语从句。who先行词是人；what不能引导定语从句；此句是定语从句，先行词TV programme指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that引导定语从句，指人或物。故选B。
14．（2021·湖南岳阳市·中考真题）All of the classmates prefer the song Shao Nian ________.
A．that they can sing along with
B．which can they sing along with
C．who they can sing along with
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：所有的同学都喜欢他们能跟着唱的《少年》这首歌。
考查定语从句。此句是定语从句，先行词the song是指物，关系词应用that或which，排除C选项。从句应是陈述句，情态动词can放在主语they的后面，故选A。
15．（2021·四川达州市·中考真题）—Could you tell me ________ kind of movies you like best
—Umm…. I like the movies ________ make me laugh.
A．what; which B．what; what C．which; what D．which; where
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：——你能告诉我你最喜欢哪一类电影吗？——嗯……我喜欢让我笑的电影。
考查宾语从句连接词及定语从句关系词。根据“... kind of movies”可知此处用what kind表示“什么种类”；the movies后用定语从句作后置定语，先行词“the movies”指物， 此处用which引导定语从句。故选A。
16．（2021·云南中考真题）Yuan Longping is a great scientist ________ was honored as “The Father of Hybrid Rice”.
A．when B．who C．which D．whose
【答案】B
【详解】
句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家，被誉为“杂交水稻之父”。
考查定语从句关系词。when先行词指时间，且在从句中作时间状语；who先行词指人，且在从句中作主语；which先行词指物，且在从句中作主语或宾语；whose先行词指人或物，相当于who或which的所有格。题干中先行词“a great scientist”指人，且在从句中作主语，用who引导定语从句。故选B。
17．（2021·四川成都市·中考真题）Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber ________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A．who B．whose C．which
【答案】A
【详解】
句意：中国人张洪是第一位登上珠穆朗玛峰的亚洲攀登者。
考查定语从句。who谁，先行词是人；whose谁的，先行词为人，whose在从句中作定语；which哪个，先行词为物。此句定语从句的先行词是人，且疑问词在从句中作主语，用who引导的定语从句。故选A。
18．（2021·甘肃天水市·中考真题）A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
A．whom B．whose C．who D．which
【答案】C
【详解】
句意：真正的朋友是一个帮助你并且让你感动的人。考查定语从句的关系词。本句中先行词 person为定语从句的逻辑主语，且指人，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者who；结合句意和选项可知选C。
二
1.【2020 青海省】We’ ll never forget those ________ lost their lives for our country.
A. who B. which C. whom
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我们将永不忘记那些为我们的国家牺牲生命的人。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句做主语或宾语；which指代物，在定语从句做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句做宾语。此处先行词是those指的是“那些人”，定语从句用关系代词who做主语。故选A。
2.【2020 福建省】Du Fu is a great Chinese poet ________ has become popular with many people around the world.
A．which B．whom C．who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：杜甫是一位伟大的中国诗人，他受到世界各地许多人的欢迎。考查定语从句。which哪一个；whom宾格，谁；who主格，谁。句中poet是先行词，表示“人”，所以此处使用who或whom引导定语从句，由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以此处使用who引导定语从句。故选C。
3.【2020 黑龙江绥化】We all like comedies __________ make us relaxed.
A. who B. that C. whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我们都喜欢喜剧，喜剧让我们放松。考查定语从句。who指代人，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；that指代人或物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。先行词是comedies，是物，用关系代词that，that在定语从句做主语。故选B。
4.【2020 吉林省】This is the CD_____________ I bought last year.
A. who B. that C. whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这是我去年买的CD。考查定语从句。who关系代词，指人；that关系代词，指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据句意和语境可知，本句的先行词the CD属于物，而且在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词that引导，故选B。
5.【2020 盐城市】What our society is like is decided by everyone chooses to behave.
A. where B. when C. how D. why
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我们的社会是什么样的是由每个人的行为选择决定的。考查连接副词。where哪里；when什么时间；how怎样、如何；why为什么。根据What our society is like我们的社会是什么样的，结合is decided by everyone chooses to behave.可知是由每个人选择怎样的行为所决定的，所以how符合题意，故答案选C。
6.【2020 湖北省恩施州】Mary is my English teacher ________ not only teaches me knowledge but also how to be a good person.
A．She B．which C．who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：玛丽是我的英语老师，她不仅教我知识，而且教我如何做一个好人。
考查定语从句。She她，人称代词主格，在句中作主语；which在定语从句中指物；who在定语从句中指人。本句空格前没有“句点”，故本句为一个完整的定语从句，主语为Mary，故此处将She排除。另本句的先行词English teacher指人，故应用who引导定语从句。故选C。
7..【2020 湖北省十堰市】—We teenagers should look up to the people ______ have made great achievements to our country, like Yuan Longping.
—I think so.
A．who B．what C．which D．whose
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——我们青少年应该尊敬像袁隆平这样为国家做出巨大成就的人。——我也这样认为。
考查定语从句。who在定语从句中指人，在句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句；which在定语从句中指物，在句中作主语或宾语；whose在定语从句中指人或物，在句中作定语。根据语境可知，我们应该尊重像袁隆平这样的人，先行词people指人，且从句缺少主语，故应用who来引导定语从句。故选A。
8.【2020 鄂州市】I will remember the important people in my life ________ helped and supported me.
A. who B. which C. what D. how
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我将记住我生命中那些帮助和支持过我的重要的人们。考查关系代词。who先行词为人；which先行词为物；what不引导定语从句；how在从句中充当方式状语。此处引导定语从句修饰先行词people，是人，应该用who引导，故选A。
9.【2020 黄冈市】—Do you know the girl__ is giving the speech
—Of course. She is my best friend, Meimei.
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你知道那个演讲的女孩么？——当然知道，她是我最好的朋友，梅梅。
考查定语从句。which指代物，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中主语或宾语；who指代人，在定语从句中宾语；what什么。此处是定语从句，先行词是girl指的是人，定语从句用who，who在定语从句中做主语。故选B。
10.【2020 怀化市】—Do you like the song Shao Nian
—Yes. I like the songs ______ I can sing along with.
A. that B. who C. what
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢《少年》这首歌吗？——是的。我喜欢我能跟着唱的歌。考查定语从句引导词。根据句子结构可知，该空引导的是定语从句，修饰空前的名词the songs。that是关系代词，先行词可以是人，也可以是物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who是关系代词，先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；what不能引导定语从句。这个定语从句修饰的名词指物，应用that引导。故选A。
11.【2020 广西北部湾经济区】Our teacher told us a funny story ________ made us laugh.
A. when B. which C. who D. whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意：老师给我们讲了一个有趣的故事，我们都笑了。考查关系代词。when先行词为时间名词，在句中作状语；which先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；who先行词为人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom宾格，谁，指代人，在定语从句中作宾语。根据题干可知，这里考查定语从句的引导词，先行词story为物，在定语从句中做主语，所以使用关系代词which，故答案选B。
12.【2020 黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】The house in ________ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.
A. which B. where C. that
【答案】A
【解析】句意：鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。考查定语从句。which在定语从句中的先行词为物；where在定语从句中的先行词为地点；that在定语从句中的先行词为人或物。根据句子结构可知，本句中的先行词The house 在后面的定语从句中作状语，本应用关系副词where引导从句。但在本题中，由于从句中live为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语，所以在关系代词之前加介词in构成了介宾结构，而介
词in后只能用关系代词which，不能使用that。故选A。
13. 【2020 黑龙江哈尔滨市中考】—What are they talking about
—They are talking about the greatest inventions ________ have made a big difference to our daily life.
A. which B. who C. that
【答案】C
【解析】句意：——他们在谈论什么？——他们正在谈论对我们日常生活产生重大影响的最伟大的发明。
考查定语从句关系词。which先行词指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或定语；who先行词指人，在从句中作主语；that先行词指人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或表语。结合题干可知先行词“inventions”指物，且在从句中作主语，排除B；先行词前有形容词最高级“the greatest”修饰，关系词不能用which只能用that，排除A。故选C。
14. 【2020 山东滨州市中考】—Do you know Li Ziqi
—Of course. She is a beautiful girl________has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life.
A. whose B. where C. which D. who
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——你知道李子柒吗？——当然知道，她是一个美丽的女孩，她制作了许多视频来展示中国传统的生活方式。考查定语从句。whose谁的；where哪里；which哪一个；who谁。句中girl是先行词，表示“人”，所以使用关系代词who引导定语从句，who has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way of life作girl的定语。故选D。
15. 【2020 四川省成都市中考】The book ________cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
A. which B. whose C. that
【答案】B
【解析】句意：封面上有漂亮图画的那本书是莉莉的。本题考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语；whose引导定语从句，作定语；that引导定语从句，作主语，宾语或表语。此处修饰名词cover用whose。故选B。
16 【2020 甘孜州中考】The nurse _____________ is looking after the old man is Tom’s sister.
A. which B. who C. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意：正在照顾那位老人的护士是汤姆的妹妹。考查定语从句关系词。which关系代词，先行词是物，且在从句中作主语、宾语；who关系代词，先行词是人，且在从句中作主语；what什么，不能引导定语从句。根据题干可知从句的先行词“The nurse”，指人，且在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选B。
17. 【2020 贵州省安顺市中考】In difficult times, there are always national heroes ________ step up and bring people hope.
A. whom B. which C. who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：在困难时期，总是会有挺身而出、给人们带来希望的国家英雄。考查定语从句的关系词。whom先行词为人，在从句中充当宾语；which先行词为物；who先行词为人，在从句中充当主语或宾语。此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词heroes，是人，所以排除B；根据先行词在从句中充当主语，所以用who引导，故选C。
18. 【2020 贵州黔东南州中考】Li Wenliang is a brave doctor ________ is known to millions of Chinese people.
A. who B. which C. what D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：李文亮是一位勇敢的医生，被许多中国人所熟知。考查定语从句。A. who谁；B. which哪一个；C. what什么；D. when什么时候。根据句子结构，这是一个定语从句，先行词为doctor，指
人，且关系词在从句中作主语，故应用关系代词who引导定语从句。故选A。
三
1. 【2019 黑龙江省大庆市】The book __________ I read last night was fantastic.
A. that B. what C. whose D. who
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语；D. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物，用that来引导，故答案为A。
2. 【2019 吉林省中考】Mr. Brown is a teacher __________ is strict with all is students.
A. which B. who C. where
【答案】B
【解析】句意＂布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师＂。本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。
【点睛】做定语从句的题时，可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指物还是既指人又指物。二要看从句中做何种成分，从而做出正确的判断。
3. 【2019 甘肃省天水市】—Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球)
—Yes. It’s the best one __________ I have ever seen.
A. that B. which C. what D. it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你看过《流浪地球》这部电影吗？——这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。
此句考查定语从句的关联词，that/which可以引导定语从句，what，it不能引导定语从句，首先排除C,D；先行词是不定代词one，前面被形容词的最高级best修饰，引导词只能用that不能用which，故答案为A.
4. 【2019 贵州省贵阳市】Wang Yangming is a great educationalist __________ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen.
A. which B. what C. who
【答案】C
【解析】句意：王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家，他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。A. which关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是物；B. what不能引导定语从句；C. who关系词，引导定语从句，先行词是人，根据 educationalist指人，所以用who，故选C。
5. 【2019 四川省内江市】The book __________ was written by him is very interesting.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他写的那本书很有趣。考查关系代词。A. who代指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；B. whom代指人，在定语从句中作宾语；C. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语；D. /为不填。首先分析句子结构，可知本句为定语从句，先行词the book为物，而且从句中缺主语，所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which；故答案选C。
6. 【2019 四川省遂宁市】My mother doesn’t like stories __________ have sad endings.
A. that B. who C. where D. those
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意：我妈妈不喜欢有悲伤的结局的故事. 可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是stories，指物。作主语 ，关系代词用that/which，故选A。
7. 【2019 四川省达州市】—Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree __________ waiting in a line
—They are the students from No. 1 Primary School.
A. that are B. where are C. which is D. who is
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意：——弗兰克，你看!树下排队的孩子们是谁？ ——他们是来第一小学的学生。可知先行词是children，指人，作主语，故选代词用who/that，先行词是复数，动词用are。故选A。
8. 【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特市】Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat __________ tell you your weight
A. / B. who C. whom D. that
【答案】D
【解析】句意：散步后坐下来是放松的. 但是你愿意坐在一个能告诉你体重的座位上吗？考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是 seat，指物。作主语 ，关系代词用that/which，故选D。
9. 【2019 湖南省湘潭市】On Monday April 15， 2019， the fire __________ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world.
A. that B. who C. where
【答案】A
【解析】根据句意：2019年4月15日，周一，巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是 fire，指物，作主语，关系代词用which/that。故选A。
10. 【2019 广西省玉林市】—Hey, Anna, Would you like to see The White Storm with me
—You mean, the new police story __________ was filmed by Chen Musheng.
A. who B. what C. whose D. which
【答案】D
【解析】根据句意：——嗨，安娜，你想和我一起看《白色风暴》吗？——你是指陈慕生拍摄的新警察故事。可知考查定语从句的关系代词，先行词是story，指物。作主语，关系代词用which/that，故选D。
11. 【2019 甘肃省兰州市】The movie ___________ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.
A. who B. which C. where D. when
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我看过两次的电影是《流浪地球》。A. who谁，指人的引导词；B. which哪一个，指物的引导词；C. where哪里，指地点；D. when什么时间，指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie，因此引导词用which。故选B。
12. 【2019 四川省乐山市】—What are you looking for
—I’m looking for the storybook ___________ you lent to me last week.
A. who B. which C. when
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你正在找什么？——我正在找你上周借给我的故事书。本题考查定语从句。A. who指人，在从句中作主语和宾语；B. which指物，在从句中作主语和宾语；C. when表示时间，在从句中作状语。本句话中，先行词为the storybook，指物，且在从句中作宾语，故选B。
13. 【2019 山东省临沂市】Peppa Pig (《小猪佩奇》) is a British cartoon ___________ has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.
A. who B. which C. /
【答案】B
【解析】句意：《小猪佩奇》是一部在中国很受欢迎的英国动画片，深受幼儿和父母的喜爱。根据句子结构，空后部分是作定语修饰British cartoon，所以是定语从句。先行词是British cartoon，是物，故选B。
14. 【2019 四川省眉山市】Success always belongs to those ___________ have tried their best to make their dreams come true.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
【答案】A
【解析】句意：成功总是属于那些尽他们最大的努力让他们梦想实现的人。本题考查定语从句。A.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作宾语；C.指人或物，在从句中作定语；D. 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。本句话中，先行词为those，指人，且在从句中作主语，故选A。
15. 【2019 湖北省随州市】—What kind of movies do you like
—I prefer movies ___________ give me something to think about.
A. which B. who C. what D. when
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢什么种类的电影？——我更喜欢给我一些思考的东西的电影。A. which关系词，先行词是物；B. who关系词，先行词指人；C. what不能引导定语从句；D. when关系副词，在定语从句中做状语。先行词是movies指物，关系词用which。根据题意，故选A。
16. 【2019 甘肃省武威市】I prefer music ___________ has great lyrics.
A. who B. whose C. that D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意：我喜欢有美妙的歌词的音乐。本题考查定语从句。A.指人，在从句中作主语和宾语；B.指人或物，在从句中作定语；C.指人或物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；D.若that在从句中作宾语，that可省。本句话中先行词为music，指物，且在从句中作主语，用that，故选C。
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