中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读技巧--推理判断题
推理判断题
1.题型特点
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。
2.推理判断题主要的设问方式
①It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that...
②Which of the following conclusions can be drawn according to the passage
③The writer suggests that...
④The writer uses the example of...to show that...
⑤What’s the writer’s attitude toward...
⑥What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
⑦From the passage,we know...
⑧The writer probably agrees that...
3.推理判断题的解题技巧
中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实,一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。
一
（2021·陕西中考真题）
INTRODUCTIONIt’s hard to believe that I wrote Number the Stars more than twenty years ago. It seems like yesterday that I answered the phone on a snowy January morning and received the news that it had won the 1990 Newbery Medal（美国纽伯瑞儿童文学奖）. I think readers of every age may match themselves with the important persons in the books they love and ask themselves: Would I have done that What choice would I have made And ten-the age of Annemarie in Number the Stars—is an age when young people are beginning to develop a strong set of personal ethics（道德观;价值观）. ...They are beginning to realize that the world they live in is not always good and safe. So they follow a story about a ten-year-old girl who is caught in a dangerous situation, and she must make decisions. Young readers become cheerful when Annemarie takes a deep breath, enters the woods, faces the danger, stands up to the enemy and wins her victory. Today, the book has been published in many countries and translated into many languages. It found its way into the hands and hearts of children who had read about but never experienced war. . . . Books do change lives, I know; and many readers have told me that Number the Stars changed theirs when they were young, that it made them think about both cruelty（残酷;残忍） and courage. “It was something that shaped my idea of how people should be treated, ” wrote a young woman recently, telling me about her own fourth-grade experience with the book. The Danish friend who first told me the story of her childhood, and who became the Annemarie in my book, is an old woman now. So am I. We both love thinking of the children reading the story today, coming to it for the first time and realizing that once, for a short time and in a small place, a group of prejudice-free（不存偏见的）people created a touching story of love and kindness towards others. Lois Lowry
1．What is the name of the book and who is the writer ______
A．Number the Stars; Lois Lowry. B．Newbery Medal; Lois Lowry.
C．Number the Stars; Annemarie. D．Newbery Medal; Annemarie.
2．Which of the following is TRUE about Annemarie ______
A．She called a writer on a snowy January morning.
B．She became cheerful after she read the book.
C．She was a good friend of a Danish woman.
D．She experienced many difficulties in a war.
3．Many young readers told the writer that the book made them think about ______.
A．ethics and friendship B．enermy and victory
C．cruelty and courage D．life and memories
4．What can we know from this Introduction ______
A．The book is about a story of the writer’s own child experience.
B．The book is well-received and popular around the world.
C．The Introduction is written in the voice of the third person.
D．The Introduction is complete and we can read all of it.
二
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
When I was very young, people in our village lived by planting fruit trees. My grandmother always took me to the orchard (果园) on the hill. At that time, they had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to halfway up the hill. Even though we worked so hard, the production level of fruit was still low because it was short of water there.
One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about the difficulties we faced, and later, canals and other projects began to be built in my village, “Who are they ” I asked. “They are good men from our government,” my grandma replied.
Shortly afterwards, I moved to another city for my junior high school. The only reason I ever came back to my hometown was my grandmother.
One day, my family and I made time to return. We were surprised because everything had changed. The canal ran past every orchard so villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill anymore. The river was now so clean that fish swam happily in it. When we arrived home, my grandma took out some fresh pears and apples. She told us that after the water conservation project (水利工程) was completed, a policy (政策) was made to encourage more people to increase the fruit production with clean water in the river.
Thank those good men who have devoted themselves to the development of our countryside.
Nowadays, people work hard to live in a big city. However, we should not forget our hometowns where we are from.
1．What troubled the villagers most was that ______.
A．they had too much work B．it was not convenient to go up the hill
C．they could only grow fruit trees D．there wasn’t enough water in the orchard
2．The good men came and offered help probably because of ______.
A．the villagers’ suggestions B．the government’s support
C．a school’s practical activity D．a company’s engineering plan
3．We can infer from the passage that ______.
A．the grandmother doesn’t like to live in the city
B．the village is a place of interest for tourists now
C．there will be more fruit production in the village
D．more people like to work in the countryside nowadays
4．The underlined phrase devoted themselves to is closest in meaning to ______.
A．prepared much for B．donated money to
C．drawn public attention to D．put much effort into
5．What can be the best title for the passage ______
A．How is a village improved B．Who are the good men
C．Why do people come back D．What does a hometown mean
三
（2021·北京中考真题）
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
2．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
3．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
四
【2020 东营市】
A tornado（龙卷风）is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage（损坏）. As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close.
A safe place could be a basement（地下室）or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up（蜷缩）into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands.
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They use special tools to measure （测量） what is happening in and around a tornado.
One special tool is called a tornado probe（探测仪）. Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors（传感器）to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado.
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form（形成）and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado.
36. If a tornado gets close, what should people do to keep safe
A. Go to a basement. B. Find a small room.
C. Stay in a bathroom. D. Curl the legs up.
37. What can the sensor in a probe NOT do
A. Measure wind speed and temperature. B. Take photos and videos.
C. Measure wind temperature and pressure. D. Measure wind speed and direction.
38. Which statement about the scientists is TRUE
A. They risk their lives studying tornadoes.
B. They can easily put the probe in the right place.
C. They get close to a tornado to admire it.
D. With the help of the measurements, they can prevent the tornado forming.
39. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. what a tornado is
B. how dangerous a tornado is
C. where a tornado may form and travel
D. how scientists do research work on tornadoes
40. You may find this passage in ________.
A. a novel B. a storybook C. a guidebook D. a science magazine
五
【2020 广西北部湾经济区】
China gets greener
President Xi Jinping said "clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets(绿水青山就是金山银山)". With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage(森林覆盖率)in China has reached 22. 96%, compared to 5. 05% forty years ago, according to a recent report from the State Forestry and Grassland Administration (SFGA).
Over the past forty years, China planted billions of trees as part of its fight against expanding(延伸的)deserts, mostly in its north. Each year, people sow seedlings(播种)over an area nearly the size of Ireland, according to Nature.
In 1978, China began a nationwide tree-planting programme known as the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Programme, also known as "the Great Green Wall". It has helped to plant more than 66 billion trees across 13 provinces in the country's north to act as windbreaks(防风林), according to China Daily.
Since 2018, SFGA has made more efforts to build a greener country. Its purpose is to grow at least 6. 7 million hectares(公顷)of forest every year in the next 15 years. Besides planting more trees, China has tried to bring back grasslands. It has also used strict forest protection methods and banned(禁止)all commercial logging(商业伐木)since last August.
The high-speed growth of forests cannot happen without public participation(参与). For example, Ant Forest, an Alipay mobile payment app, plants real tees for users who get "green energy" by taking part in low-carbon(低碳)activities. Since 2016, it has helped to plant about 122 million trees in China's driest areas.
China was praised as "one of the most successful countries worldwide in greening the desert" by United Nations Environment Programme Executive Director Erik Solheim.
36. What was the rate of forest coverage forty years ago
A. 5. 05%. B. 17. 91%. C. 22. 96%. D. 28. 01%.
37. Over the past forty years, China has planted billions of trees to ________.
A. turn deserts into green land B. create a green area in the desert
C. stop deserts from expanding D. build an area nearly the size of Ireland
38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Windbreaks have covered across all provinces of China.
B. In 1978, China succeeded in building "the Great Green Wall.
C. China has grown 6. 7 million hectares of forest since 2018.
D. Since 1978, over 66 billion trees have been planted to act as windbreaks.
39. What did China do to build a greener country
A. Tried to bring back grasslands. B. Made strict forest protection methods.
C. Banned commercial logging. D. All of the above.
40. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Ant Forest plants real trees for all Chinese people.
B. Everybody can help build a greener country.
C. China's forest coverage is the highest in the world.
D. China was praised for no deserts in northern China.
六
【2020 广东省深圳市】
Teens and kids are reading a lot less for fun, according to a recent report.
Although the decline(下降) in the past ten years is very surprising for teen readers, some data(数据) in the report shows that reading is still a big part of many children’s lives.
According to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids’ reading ability remains almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an hour every day to half an hour.
As for children’s e-reading, the report mentions little about its effects. But it says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is important to protect their kids’ eyes.
The most helpful part in the report is parents’ effects on their children. It shows that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents read more and find more time to read with their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.
As summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.
38．What do we know about children’s fun reading time
A．It is much shorter. B．It stays the same.
C．It is much longer. D．It changes a little.
39．Why do many parents control e-reading
A．It can waste kids’ time. B．E-books are not so important.
C．It can harm kids’ health. D．E-books are a waste of money.
40．How should parents encourage children’s reading
A．By making reading plans. B．By setting good examples.
C．By praising kids’ reading. D．By offering different books.
41．What’s the writing purpose of the last paragraph
A．To prevent e-reading. B．To encourage family reading.
C．To advise family trips. D．To describe vacation pleasure.
七
【2020 四川省宜宾市】
It's a common belief that fish can't remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have much better memories than we used to think.
In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. They found that after such a long break the fish sill went to the same place where they first got food.
In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. But there was no clear evidence until the latest findings.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains(容纳) safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives in danger," lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.
So next time you are watching your pet fish from outside the tank, perhaps you should feel close to them-they may remember who you are.
21．We often feel sorry for fish because __________.
A．they have bad memories B．they can't remember anything
C．they are often used for research D．every moment in their lives is new
22．Why did the researchers carry out the research
A．To know if fish can find food easily. B．To find out if fish have better memories.
C．To tell us fish can live for days without water. D．To show fish can live long without eating things.
23．What does the underlined word "tank" in Paragraph 2 mean
A．A kind of fish food. B．A kind of hiding place.
C．A container for holding water. D．A container for keeping fish.
24．Which is true according to Trevor Hamilton
A．Fish know where to get food. B．It's easy for fish to live in the wild.
C．A good memory can make fish safer in the wild. D．Fish are often in danger when they look for food.
25．Where does this article probably come from
A．A story book. B．A science magazine. C．A news report. D．A travel book.
八
【2020 福建省】
From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China's Chang'e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On January 2, the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang'e 4's mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang'e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity（the force that keeps your feet on the ground）, and so they always shoot upwards. The moon's gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth's, so Chang'e 4's experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can't stand the cold（it can drop to -170℃ on the moon at night）. However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
41．The text is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Chang'e 4 B．Chang'e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
42．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang'e 4
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It explored the moon base. D．It found plants on the moon.
43．From the text we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth
C．the stems fail to grow away from the earth's gravity
D．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
44．What can be inferred（推理）from the text
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
45．In which section of a magazine can you read the text
A．Health and sport. B．History and culture.
C．Science and technology. D．Population and environment.
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阅读技巧--推理判断题
推理判断题
1.题型特点
推理判断题主要考查学生对文章言外之意的理解。这种题目有一定难度,往往不能直接从文中找到答案,而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后,才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的意图、态度等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理,获取作者在文章中没有直接表述出来的态度、观点等。这种类型的题主要有三种形式:语义推理题、结论推理题和出处推理题。语义推理题要求学生根据文章、段落或句子的表层信息推断出深层含义,比如推断文章或段落的中心思想、句子的言外之意等;结论推理题和出处推理题要求学生根据文章中所列举的事实推断出符合逻辑的结论或文章的出处。
2.推理判断题主要的设问方式
①It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that...
②Which of the following conclusions can be drawn according to the passage
③The writer suggests that...
④The writer uses the example of...to show that...
⑤What’s the writer’s attitude toward...
⑥What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage
⑦From the passage,we know...
⑧The writer probably agrees that...
3.推理判断题的解题技巧
中考的阅读理解不仅要求考生读懂短文中的每个句子,而且还要求能理解句子之间的内在联系。有的试题要求根据中学生必须具有的常识,对所读的短文进行一定程度的推断;有的试题还要求了解其内在的逻辑关系,从而对所读的内容形成较深层的理解。一般来说,这类问题都不可能直接从原文中找到答案,必须根据原文提供的有关信息,进行合理的推断才能回答。完成推理判断题,通常应注意以下两点:
(1)特别留心特定细节
所谓“特定细节”,就是问题所涉及的范围和对象中的细节事实,一般包括事实根据、名字(人物或地点)、数字(日期或统计数字)、关键词语的其他表达方法(同义词、近义词、反义词)等。
(2)注意作者的语气和态度
作者的语气和态度通常体现在短文所使用的措辞和句式上。要特别注意感彩比较浓重的形容词和副词,特别留心短文句子的长度和结构。从措辞上我们可以推断出作者对所讨论话题的态度;从句式的长短和结构可以判断出作者讨论问题的语气。
一
（2021·陕西中考真题）
INTRODUCTIONIt’s hard to believe that I wrote Number the Stars more than twenty years ago. It seems like yesterday that I answered the phone on a snowy January morning and received the news that it had won the 1990 Newbery Medal（美国纽伯瑞儿童文学奖）. I think readers of every age may match themselves with the important persons in the books they love and ask themselves: Would I have done that What choice would I have made And ten-the age of Annemarie in Number the Stars—is an age when young people are beginning to develop a strong set of personal ethics（道德观;价值观）. ...They are beginning to realize that the world they live in is not always good and safe. So they follow a story about a ten-year-old girl who is caught in a dangerous situation, and she must make decisions. Young readers become cheerful when Annemarie takes a deep breath, enters the woods, faces the danger, stands up to the enemy and wins her victory. Today, the book has been published in many countries and translated into many languages. It found its way into the hands and hearts of children who had read about but never experienced war. . . . Books do change lives, I know; and many readers have told me that Number the Stars changed theirs when they were young, that it made them think about both cruelty（残酷;残忍） and courage. “It was something that shaped my idea of how people should be treated, ” wrote a young woman recently, telling me about her own fourth-grade experience with the book. The Danish friend who first told me the story of her childhood, and who became the Annemarie in my book, is an old woman now. So am I. We both love thinking of the children reading the story today, coming to it for the first time and realizing that once, for a short time and in a small place, a group of prejudice-free（不存偏见的）people created a touching story of love and kindness towards others. Lois Lowry
1．What is the name of the book and who is the writer ______
A．Number the Stars; Lois Lowry. B．Newbery Medal; Lois Lowry.
C．Number the Stars; Annemarie. D．Newbery Medal; Annemarie.
2．Which of the following is TRUE about Annemarie ______
A．She called a writer on a snowy January morning.
B．She became cheerful after she read the book.
C．She was a good friend of a Danish woman.
D．She experienced many difficulties in a war.
3．Many young readers told the writer that the book made them think about ______.
A．ethics and friendship B．enermy and victory
C．cruelty and courage D．life and memories
4．What can we know from this Introduction ______
A．The book is about a story of the writer’s own child experience.
B．The book is well-received and popular around the world.
C．The Introduction is written in the voice of the third person.
D．The Introduction is complete and we can read all of it.
【答案】
1．A2．D3．C4．B
【分析】
本文是《Number the Stars》的作者Lois Lowry对于这本书的感悟。
1．细节理解题。根据“It’s hard to believe that I wrote Number the Stars more than twenty years ago”及落款“Lois Lowry”可知，书名叫《Number the Stars》，作者是Lois Lowry，故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据“Young readers become cheerful when Annemarie takes a deep breath, enters the woods, faces the danger, stands up to the enemy and wins her victory”可知，Annemarie在战争中经历了许多困难，D表述正确，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据“and many readers have told me that Number the Stars changed theirs when they were young, that it made them think about both cruelty（残酷;残忍） and courage”可知，这本书让读者们想到了残忍和勇气，故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据“It seems like yesterday that I answered the phone on a snowy January morning and received the news that it had won the 1990 Newbery Medal”可推断，这本书在世界各地都很受欢迎，故选B。
二
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
When I was very young, people in our village lived by planting fruit trees. My grandmother always took me to the orchard (果园) on the hill. At that time, they had to carry water from the river at the foot of the hill to halfway up the hill. Even though we worked so hard, the production level of fruit was still low because it was short of water there.
One day, two young men led a group of workers to our village. They learned about the difficulties we faced, and later, canals and other projects began to be built in my village, “Who are they ” I asked. “They are good men from our government,” my grandma replied.
Shortly afterwards, I moved to another city for my junior high school. The only reason I ever came back to my hometown was my grandmother.
One day, my family and I made time to return. We were surprised because everything had changed. The canal ran past every orchard so villagers didn’t have to go up and down the hill anymore. The river was now so clean that fish swam happily in it. When we arrived home, my grandma took out some fresh pears and apples. She told us that after the water conservation project (水利工程) was completed, a policy (政策) was made to encourage more people to increase the fruit production with clean water in the river.
Thank those good men who have devoted themselves to the development of our countryside.
Nowadays, people work hard to live in a big city. However, we should not forget our hometowns where we are from.
1．What troubled the villagers most was that ______.
A．they had too much work B．it was not convenient to go up the hill
C．they could only grow fruit trees D．there wasn’t enough water in the orchard
2．The good men came and offered help probably because of ______.
A．the villagers’ suggestions B．the government’s support
C．a school’s practical activity D．a company’s engineering plan
3．We can infer from the passage that ______.
A．the grandmother doesn’t like to live in the city
B．the village is a place of interest for tourists now
C．there will be more fruit production in the village
D．more people like to work in the countryside nowadays
4．The underlined phrase devoted themselves to is closest in meaning to ______.
A．prepared much for B．donated money to
C．drawn public attention to D．put much effort into
5．What can be the best title for the passage ______
A．How is a village improved B．Who are the good men
C．Why do people come back D．What does a hometown mean
【答案】1．D2．B3．C4．D5．A
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，向我们介绍作者家乡过去和现在的变化，多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策，让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。
1．细节理解题。根据“Even though we worked so hard, the production level of fruit was still low because it was short of water there.”可知，水果的生产水平仍然很低，因为那里缺水。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据“They are good men from our government”可知，因为政府的支持，好人来提供帮助，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据“a policy (政策) was made to encourage more people to increase the fruit production with clean water in the river”可知，政策鼓励更多的人增加水果产量，故选C。
4．词句猜测题。分析“Thank those good men who have devoted themselves to the development of our countryside.”可知，感谢那些为我们的农村发展做出贡献的好人们，此处“devoted themselves to”的意思是“付出很多努力，做出贡献”，故选D。
5．最佳标题题。本文主要向我们介绍作者家乡过去和现在的变化，多亏水利工程和政府扶持政策，让作者的村里得到了很大的发展。选项A“一个村庄是如何改善的？”符合主题，故选A。
三
（2021·北京中考真题）
Nature and culture are often seen as opposite ideas. What belongs to nature cannot be the result of human activities and on the other hand, cultural development is achieved against nature. However, this is not the only opinion on the relationship between nature and culture. Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).
Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature. We are born with wild natures, such as eating and behaving in a disorganized way or acting selfishly. Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures; it is thanks to culture that the human species could learn to adapt(适应) , progress and raise itself above and beyond other species.
Over the past century and a half, however, studies in the history of human development have shown that the formation of culture is part of the biological adaptation. Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits. At the same time, the development of weapons(武器) is related to that adaptation-from rocks and stones to a set of hunting tools, and from hunting tools to rules relating to the proper use of weapons. Hunting also seems to be responsible for a whole set of bodily abilities, such as balancing on one foot. Just think of how this very simple thing is closely related to dance, a key expression of human culture. It is then clear that biological development and cultural development are closely tied.
The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture. However, culture is also passed on among people of the same time or among people belonging to different populations. We can learn how to make jiaozi even if we were born from Russian parents in Paris just as we can learn how to speak English even if none of our family or friends speak that language.
1．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about
A．Culture belongs to human nature.
B．Nature teaches humans how to adapt.
C．Humans are supposed to be well organized.
D．Education pushes the human species to progress.
2．Why does the writer talk about hunting in Paragraph 3
A．To suggest some possible ways of changing living habits.
B．To stress the importance of tools in humans’ struggle for life.
C．To show how culture develops as humans adapt to the environment.
D．To explain why there is a need to call for the proper use of weapons.
3．The word “transmission” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”.
A．system B．spread C．start D．spirit
4．What is the writer’s opinion on the nature-culture relationship
A．Culture and nature are separate yet balanced.
B．Culture depends much on nature to progress.
C．Nature and culture are different but connected.
D．Nature follows the unwritten rules set by culture.
【分析】本文是一篇议论文，自然和文化常常被视为对立的观点，但是人类发展的研究表明，文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分。生物的发展和文化的发展是紧密相连的，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。
1【答案】D．段落大意题。根据“Several modern writers saw the process of education as a struggle(斗争) against human nature.”和“Education uses culture as a way to get us out of our widest natures”可知，人们把教育的过程看作是一场与人性的斗争，教育把文化作为一种方式，让我们摆脱最广泛的天性。所以本段想说明教育推动人类进步。故选D。
2【答案】C．推理判断题。根据“Consider, for example, hunting(打猎) . It seems to be an adaptation, which allowed humans to move into new and different areas, opening up the opportunity to change living habits.”可知，打猎似乎是一种适应，使人类能够进入新的和不同的地区，打开改变生活习惯的机会。文章提到打猎是为了展示文化是如何随着人类适应环境而发展的。故选C。
3【答案】B．词义猜测题。分析“The transmission of culture seems to be directly related to what’s in our blood. Just as snails carry their shells, so do we bring along our culture.”可知，文化的传播似乎与我们血液中的东西直接相关。就像蜗牛带着它们的壳一样，我们也带着我们的文化。所以此处transmission的意思是“传播”，故选B。
4【答案】C．观点态度题。根据“Studies in the development of humans suggest that culture, whether taken as an effort against nature or a natural effort, is part of the development of the human species(物种).”可知，作者认为文化，无论是作为一种反对自然的努力还是自然的努力，都是人类物种发展的一部分，作者认为自然和文化之间是对立且密切联系的。故选C。
四
【2020 东营市】
A tornado（龙卷风）is a kind of strong storm with air which moves in a circle quickly. They can move over 200 miles per hour and cause a lot of damage（损坏）. As they move across the land, they can easily pick up cars, trucks, and even houses, and then throw them very far. It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close.
A safe place could be a basement（地下室）or the lowest floor. If you are in a home without a basement, try to find a first-floor bathroom or a small room without windows in the middle of your house. You should curl up（蜷缩）into a ball and cover your head and neck with your hands.
But there are some people who actually want to get close to tornadoes. They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes. One of the best ways to do this is to get as close as possible to the tornado. They use special tools to measure （测量） what is happening in and around a tornado.
One special tool is called a tornado probe（探测仪）. Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors（传感器）to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction. Some probes even have cameras, so the scientists can see and understand what it’s like to be in a tornado.
To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado. Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place. If they are right, the tornado will go near or even right over the probe. Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form（形成）and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado.
36. If a tornado gets close, what should people do to keep safe
A. Go to a basement. B. Find a small room.
C. Stay in a bathroom. D. Curl the legs up.
37. What can the sensor in a probe NOT do
A. Measure wind speed and temperature. B. Take photos and videos.
C. Measure wind temperature and pressure. D. Measure wind speed and direction.
38. Which statement about the scientists is TRUE
A. They risk their lives studying tornadoes.
B. They can easily put the probe in the right place.
C. They get close to a tornado to admire it.
D. With the help of the measurements, they can prevent the tornado forming.
39. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. what a tornado is
B. how dangerous a tornado is
C. where a tornado may form and travel
D. how scientists do research work on tornadoes
40. You may find this passage in ________.
A. a novel B. a storybook C. a guidebook D. a science magazine
本文主要介绍了科学家如何探测及研究龙卷风。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据It is important to find a safe place if a tornado gets close. A safe place could be a basement（地下室）or the lowest floor，可知，当龙卷风靠近时，要找一个最低层或地下室这样的安全地方。故选A。
37.B【解析】细节理解题。根据Inside the tornado probe, there are sensors（传感器）to measure wind speed, temperature, pressure, and direction，可知，传感器可以测量风速，温度，压力及方向。结合所给选项，只有B不符合。故选B。
38.A【解析】推理判断题。根据To be able to get these measurements, the scientists have to get a tornado probe near or into a tornado，可知，为了得到这些测量数据，科学家必须冒着生命危险把探测器靠近龙卷风或进入龙卷风里，所以A选项正确。根据Scientists will try to guess where a tornado will go next. Then they drive to that location and put down the probe. If they do not guess correctly, they pick up their probe and try another place，可知，科学家要尝试猜测龙卷风下一步会去哪里，然后把探测器放在这个位置，如果猜错了，还要去尝试另外一个地方，说明把探测器放在合适的位置并不是那么容易，所以B选项错误。根据They are scientists who want to learn more about tornadoes，可知，科学家靠近龙卷风是为了更多地了解它，所以C选项错误。根据Then they take all of the measurements from the probe and use them to predict where future tornadoes may form（形成）and travel. And they can give people some warning to keep away from a dangerous tornado，可知，在测量数据的帮助下，科学家可以预测未来龙卷风在哪里形成，这样可以给到人们一些警示来远离危险的龙卷风，所以D选项错误。故选A。
39.D【解析】主旨大意题。根据本文第二段到最后一段，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风。故选D。
40.D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，可知，本文主要讲述了科学家如何研究龙卷风，这篇文章最有可能在科学杂志上看到。故选D。
五
【2020 广西北部湾经济区】
China gets greener
President Xi Jinping said "clear waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets(绿水青山就是金山银山)". With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage(森林覆盖率)in China has reached 22. 96%, compared to 5. 05% forty years ago, according to a recent report from the State Forestry and Grassland Administration (SFGA).
Over the past forty years, China planted billions of trees as part of its fight against expanding(延伸的)deserts, mostly in its north. Each year, people sow seedlings(播种)over an area nearly the size of Ireland, according to Nature.
In 1978, China began a nationwide tree-planting programme known as the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Programme, also known as "the Great Green Wall". It has helped to plant more than 66 billion trees across 13 provinces in the country's north to act as windbreaks(防风林), according to China Daily.
Since 2018, SFGA has made more efforts to build a greener country. Its purpose is to grow at least 6. 7 million hectares(公顷)of forest every year in the next 15 years. Besides planting more trees, China has tried to bring back grasslands. It has also used strict forest protection methods and banned(禁止)all commercial logging(商业伐木)since last August.
The high-speed growth of forests cannot happen without public participation(参与). For example, Ant Forest, an Alipay mobile payment app, plants real tees for users who get "green energy" by taking part in low-carbon(低碳)activities. Since 2016, it has helped to plant about 122 million trees in China's driest areas.
China was praised as "one of the most successful countries worldwide in greening the desert" by United Nations Environment Programme Executive Director Erik Solheim.
36. What was the rate of forest coverage forty years ago
A. 5. 05%. B. 17. 91%. C. 22. 96%. D. 28. 01%.
37. Over the past forty years, China has planted billions of trees to ________.
A. turn deserts into green land B. create a green area in the desert
C. stop deserts from expanding D. build an area nearly the size of Ireland
38. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Windbreaks have covered across all provinces of China.
B. In 1978, China succeeded in building "the Great Green Wall.
C. China has grown 6. 7 million hectares of forest since 2018.
D. Since 1978, over 66 billion trees have been planted to act as windbreaks.
39. What did China do to build a greener country
A. Tried to bring back grasslands. B. Made strict forest protection methods.
C. Banned commercial logging. D. All of the above.
40. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A. Ant Forest plants real trees for all Chinese people.
B. Everybody can help build a greener country.
C. China's forest coverage is the highest in the world.
D. China was praised for no deserts in northern China.
习近平总书记曾经说过“绿水青山就是金山银山”，中国在注重经济发展的同时，对于环境的保护也没有松懈过。这篇短文详细介绍了中国对保护环境、植树造林所做的努力。
36.A【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段“With the efforts of China's government and its people, the rate of forest coverage(森林覆盖率)in China has reached 22. 96%, compared to 5. 05% forty years ago”可知，四十年前，中国的森林覆盖率是5.05%。故选A。
37.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Over the past forty years, China planted billions of trees as part of its fight against expanding(延伸的)deserts, mostly in its north.”可知，中国种植了数以十亿计的树木，是为了抵抗不断扩大的沙漠。故选C。
38.D【解析】推理判断题。根据短文第三段的内容可知，从1978年起，中国开始在全国范围内植树造林。种植了超过660亿棵树，作为防风林。D选项符合文意，故选D。根据第三段“It has helped to plant more than 66 billion trees across 13 provinces in the country's north to act as windbreaks(防风林), according to China Daily.”可知A不对；根据“In 1978, China began a nationwide tree-planting programme known as the Three North Shelterbelt Forest Programme, also known as "the Great Green Wall".”可知，中国从1978年开始修建“绿色长城”，并不是已经成功建成，故B不对；根据第四段“Since 2018, SFGA has made more efforts to build a greener country. Its purpose is to grow at least 6. 7 million hectares(公顷)of forest every year in the next 15 years.”可知C不对。
39.D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第四段“Besides planting more trees, China has tried to bring back grasslands. It has also used strict forest protection methods and banned(禁止)all commercial logging(商业伐木)since last August.”可知，为了建设更加绿色的国家，中国不仅种植更多的树木，还试图恢复草原、使用严格的森林保护方法、禁止商业伐木。A、B和C三个选项在文章中都提到了。故选D。
40.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段的开头“The high-speed growth of forests cannot happen without public participation(参与).”可知，中国森林覆盖率的高速增长离不开公众的参与，并举了支付宝的蚂蚁森林的例子。由此可知，为了建设一个绿色的国家，每个人都可以贡献自己的力量。故选B。
六
【2020 广东省深圳市】
Teens and kids are reading a lot less for fun, according to a recent report.
Although the decline(下降) in the past ten years is very surprising for teen readers, some data(数据) in the report shows that reading is still a big part of many children’s lives.
According to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids’ reading ability remains almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an hour every day to half an hour.
As for children’s e-reading, the report mentions little about its effects. But it says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is important to protect their kids’ eyes.
The most helpful part in the report is parents’ effects on their children. It shows that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents read more and find more time to read with their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.
As summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.
38．What do we know about children’s fun reading time
A．It is much shorter. B．It stays the same.
C．It is much longer. D．It changes a little.
39．Why do many parents control e-reading
A．It can waste kids’ time. B．E-books are not so important.
C．It can harm kids’ health. D．E-books are a waste of money.
40．How should parents encourage children’s reading
A．By making reading plans. B．By setting good examples.
C．By praising kids’ reading. D．By offering different books.
41．What’s the writing purpose of the last paragraph
A．To prevent e-reading. B．To encourage family reading.
C．To advise family trips. D．To describe vacation pleasure.
根据一份调查报告可知，现在的青少年阅读量比以前少了许多，需要引起社会及家长的重视，需要营造阅读的环境，同时家长也要做好示范作用，积极地参与到阅读当中来。
38．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段According to the report, the number or teens who hardly read has gone up from 8 percent to 25 percent today. The report data shows that kids’ reading ability remains almost the same. However, the amount of reading time has fallen, from about an hour every day to half an hour根据这份报告，几乎不识字的青少年人数已经从8%上升到今天的25%。报告数据显示，孩子们的阅读能力几乎保持不变。然而，阅读时间却有所下降，从每天大约一小时减少到半小时，可以得出的结论是现在的青少年阅读量比以前少了许多，故选A。
39．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段But it says that many parents choose to control the time spent on e-books, mainly because they are worried about the increased screen time. After all, it is important to protect their kids’ eyes.但报告指出，许多家长选择控制花在电子书上的时间，主要是因为他们担心屏幕时间的增加，毕竟保护孩子的眼睛很重要。可知对孩子们的健康有害，故选C。
40．B【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段It shows that parents are examples and important guides for them in reading. If parents read more and find more time to read with their children, it turns out that their children actually read more often.这说明家长是他们阅读的榜样和重要的指导者，如果家长多读书，抽出更多的时间陪孩子阅读，结果发现他们的孩子实际上阅读的频率更高。可知孩子经常阅读的家长也会经常读书，说明了家长的榜样作用，可以得知家长要鼓励自己的孩子多读书，首先自己也要拿起课本，多读书才行，故选B。
41．B【解析】推理判断题。根据As summer vacation arrives, parents might take this chance to step in, make a reading list and enjoy the pleasant family reading time.随着暑假的到来，家长们不妨借此机会介入，列一份读书清单，享受家庭愉快的读书时光。可知鼓励家庭阅读。故选B。
七
【2020 四川省宜宾市】
It's a common belief that fish can't remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time. But don't be so quick to feel sorry for them. A new study has found that fish have much better memories than we used to think.
In the study, researchers from Mac Ewan University in Canada trained a kind of fish called African cichlids to go to a certain area of their tank to get food. They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. They found that after such a long break the fish sill went to the same place where they first got food.
In fact, scientists had been thinking for a long time that African cichlids might have a good memory. But there was no clear evidence until the latest findings.
Just as a good memory can make our lives easier, it also plays an important part when a fish is trying to survive in the wild. "If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains(容纳) safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives in danger," lead researcher Trevor Hamilton told Live Science.
So next time you are watching your pet fish from outside the tank, perhaps you should feel close to them-they may remember who you are.
21．We often feel sorry for fish because __________.
A．they have bad memories B．they can't remember anything
C．they are often used for research D．every moment in their lives is new
22．Why did the researchers carry out the research
A．To know if fish can find food easily. B．To find out if fish have better memories.
C．To tell us fish can live for days without water. D．To show fish can live long without eating things.
23．What does the underlined word "tank" in Paragraph 2 mean
A．A kind of fish food. B．A kind of hiding place.
C．A container for holding water. D．A container for keeping fish.
24．Which is true according to Trevor Hamilton
A．Fish know where to get food. B．It's easy for fish to live in the wild.
C．A good memory can make fish safer in the wild. D．Fish are often in danger when they look for food.
25．Where does this article probably come from
A．A story book. B．A science magazine. C．A news report. D．A travel book.
文章介绍以前人们都认为鱼类的记忆只能保持7秒钟，但是实验表明其实它们可以有长达12天的记忆，好的记忆有助于鱼在野外生存。
21．B【解析】推理判断题。根据上文It's a common belief that fish can't remember anything for longer than seven seconds. It may seem sad to think that every moment in their lives would be like seeing the world for the first time.这是一个普遍的信念，鱼不能记住任何东西超过7秒。人们认为它们生命中的每一刻都像第一次看到这世界一样，这似乎是令人悲伤的。可知我们经常为鱼感到难过，因为他们记忆时间很短，什么都记不起来了，故选B。
22．B【解析】细节理解题。根据上文A new study has found that fish have much better memories than we used to think. 一项新的研究发现，鱼的记忆比我们以前想象的要好得多。可知实验的目的是弄清鱼是否有更好的记忆。故选B。
23．D【解析】词句猜测题。A. 一种鱼食；B. 一种藏身之处；C.盛水的容器；D.一个养鱼的容器。根据下文They took the fish out and then waited for 12 days before putting them back in the tank again. 他们把鱼拿出来，等了12天再把它们放回……里。可知tank为养鱼的容器，故选D。
24．C【解析】推理判断题。根据上文If fish are able to remember that a certain area contains(容纳) safe food, they will be able to go back to that area without putting their lives in danger如果鱼能记住某一地区有安全食物，它们就能回到那个地区，而不会危及它们的生命，可知如果它们有记忆，记得在哪里能得到食物，就能生存，故选C。
25．B【解析】推理判断题。A.一本故事书；B.一本科学杂志C.一篇新闻报道；D.一本旅行书。本文主要讲了科学家用实验表明其实鱼的记忆不是仅有7秒，它们可以有长达12天的记忆，好的记忆有助于鱼在野外生存。所以由此推断这篇文章来自一本科学杂志。故选B。
八
【2020 福建省】
From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China's Chang'e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.
This is yet another success for Chang'e 4. On January 2, the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon. This is the unknown face of the moon that is always looking away from us, so we never see it from down here on the earth. Although it is often regarded as the dark side of the moon, the far side actually gets as much sunshine as the near side. For example, when all we can see is a silver sliver of a new moon, the far side of the moon is in full sunlight.
Part of Chang'e 4's mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there. Chang'e 4 carried a mini-garden with air, water and soil with seeds planted in it. When plants shoot on the earth, their stems grow away from the gravity（the force that keeps your feet on the ground）, and so they always shoot upwards. The moon's gravity is a sixth as strong as the earth's, so Chang'e 4's experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do.
Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February. As a result, the cotton shoots died. Besides the darkness, the plants can't stand the cold（it can drop to -170℃ on the moon at night）. However, the experiment is a success, since it has proved that it is possible for plants to grow in space.
41．The text is mainly about ________.
A．another success for Chang'e 4 B．Chang'e 4 moon lander
C．tiny seeds in the soil D．the steps of an experiment
42．Which of the following is TRUE about Chang'e 4
A．It carried a mini-garden. B．It landed on the near side of the moon.
C．It explored the moon base. D．It found plants on the moon.
43．From the text we can know that ________.
A．the far side of the moon gets less sunlight
B．we can see the far side of the moon from the earth
C．the stems fail to grow away from the earth's gravity
D．the earth plants know the way to grow on the moon
44．What can be inferred（推理）from the text
A．Plants can be grown on the moon soon. B．It is perfect to do experiments on the moon.
C．The cotton shoots can last days on the moon. D．We can see a new moon at the start of February.
45．In which section of a magazine can you read the text
A．Health and sport. B．History and culture.
C．Science and technology. D．Population and environment.
文章主要是介绍嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，以及实验的结果加以分析。
41．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章的开头From tiny seeds（种子）, great discoveries grow. A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world. This is yet another success for Chang’e 4. 从微小的种子中孕育出伟大的发现。中国嫦娥四号登月器上的一个小花园最近成了另一个世界上第一株植物的家园。这是嫦娥四号的又一次成功。可知文章主要是关于嫦娥四号又一次成功的事情，故选A。
42．A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中A mini-garden carried on China’s Chang’e 4 moon lander recently became home to the first plant to grow on another world.可知，A选项是正确的；根据文中the probe（探测器）became the first lander to touch down on the far side of the moon.可知，B选项错误；根据文中Part of Chang’e 4’s mission（使命）is to see how a moon base could be built for humans, including exploring（探索）whether humans could grow food and other plant products there.可知，C选项错误；而文中并没有提到在月球发现植物的情况，所以D选项排除，故选A。
43．D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中so Chang’e 4’s experiment was a test: would the earth plants know which way was up on the moon Four days after landing, a tiny cotton shoot showed that they do. 所以嫦娥四号的实验是一个测试：地球上的植物知道月球上哪个方向是向上的吗 着陆四天后，一株小小的棉花芽表明它们可以。可知地球上的植物知道如何在月球上生长，故选D。
44．D【解析】推理判断题。根据文中Night has now fallen on the far side of the moon; sunlight will not return until the start of February.可知，现在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初阳光才会照射到，而那个时候就会出现新月，故选D。
45．C【解析】推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，主要是讲述嫦娥四号的又一次成功：搭载了一个空气、水和土壤的小花园，里面种着种子的一个实验，这样的文章应该是在科学信息方面会有，故选C。
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