中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读技巧--主旨大意题
1.题型特点
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式
①What’s the main idea of this passage
②What is the passage mainly about
③What does the passage mainly discuss
④The writer means to tell us that .
⑤The main idea of the passage is that .
⑥The passage is mainly about .
⑦From the passage we can learn/conclude that .
⑧The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with .
⑨What’s the best title for the passage
⑩What would be the best title for the passage
The best title for the passage is .
3.主旨大意题的解题技巧
(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。
(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Topic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Topic);②阐述控制概念(Controlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
a.寻找主题句
有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:for example,an example of,the most important example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,to begin with,also,besides that等。
在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的for example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个for example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。
b.选择答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。
一
（2021·青海中考真题）
Do you still hug your parents How do you feel when you hug them When do you need a hug the most
It was a cold November morning several years ago. My alarm clock had just gone off, but I was having trouble getting out of bed. My dad had died a few weeks before. I felt weighed down by sadness and depression.
Tough and strong, my dad had worked so hard all of his life to support us. He would sometimes shout at my brothers and me, but I always knew that he loved me. Still, he had been raised (养育) in a traditional way and raised us that way too. I couldn’t remember, for example, ever being hugged by him.
After my mom and grandma passed away, my dad moved into grandma’s home. I was so happy to have him close by. I would often visit him and just talk with him about life. But we still seldom touched and never hugged. Finally his own health began to rapidly fail and within a few months he left us. It was a cold morning when we had his service (追悼会), but I was too cold inside myself to feel it. I couldn’t remember when we’d had our last hug.
I sighed (叹气) and got out of my bed. I turned on the lights and walked into the hallway. I saw my son Jim walking down the hall to meet me. Suddenly, he opened his arms and gave me a heart-felt hug. And just as he did, I heard my dad’s voice deep inside of me say, “Joey, this hug is from me!” I cried and smiled at the same time. In that moment, in the place where heart, mind, and spirit all meet, I felt loved. I felt loved by my dad. I felt loved by life.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．The writer felt down because ______.
A．he was cold B．his alarm clock didn’t go off
C．he had trouble getting up D．his dad had died
2．What did the writer think of his father ______
A．Tough and strong. B．Hard-working. C．Full of love. D．All of the above.
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 4 ______
A．He talked about everything with his father. B．He lived near his father.
C．His father got serious health problem. D．He felt so sad in the service.
4．The passage implies (暗示) that ______.
A．kids shouldn’t be raised in a traditional way
B．parents should set good examples for children
C．love needs to be expressed
D．family members need to understand each other
5．What’s the best title for the passage ______
A．Sad but moved. B．Sometimes people need a hug.
C．A father who doesn’t know love. D．Missing my father.
二
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.
Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery(肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers. Wu once said, “It would my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.”
In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria(疟疾), Tu Youyou, pharmacologist (药学家) took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received Nobel Prize.
Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong try is another step forward.”
Sometimes, their success was a surprise, even to themselves. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, “When I woke up just after daybreak on 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to revolutionize(变革) all medicine by discovering the world’s first antibiotic(抗生素). But I guess that was exactly what I did.”
Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds.
One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.
1．What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common ______
A．They succeeded in solving world problems.
B．They spent all their lives serving people.
C．They achieved a lot in the medical field.
D．They are remembered for their happiness.
2．The underlined phrase deformed his fingers could be replaced by ______.
A．changed the shape of his fingers B．made him feel down
C．gave him too much pressure D．got his fingers cut off
3．It is clear that ______.
A．Pablo Picasso became famous after his death
B．Vincent Van Gogh painted 2,001 artworks in his life
C．it took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal
D．Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb
4．When Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, he ______.
A．felt too tired to stay awake B．didn’t plan to study all medicine
C．knew exactly what his success meant D．didn’t fully realize its importance
5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us ______
A．Not everyone can be successful. B．The more difficulties, the better.
C．Great achievements aren’t made naturally. D．Great hopes make great men.
三
【2020 内蒙古包头市】
Maybe you should sit down before you read this. It's a little frightening. Your sitting may be killing you.
Health experts say the U.S. adult now sits about 6.5 hours a day. That is up about an hour a day compared to 2007. The news is even worse for teens. They sit eight hours each day. The information was put out by the National Center for Health Statistics. It has collected the numbers for the past 16 years. It is worried about what it has found.
Research shows that people who are not active can get sick. Their bones get weaker. They burn fewer calories (卡路里). That makes them more likely to put on too much weight. They might even get diabetes (糖尿病). They are at risk for high blood pressure and heart problems, too.
Some experts also think sitting too much can influence how your blood moves through your body and how well your body fights off illness. Being active helps in lots of ways. It can make you happier, burn more calories and give you more energy. It can also help you sleep better.
About 60% of people in the U.S. watch at least two hours of TV each day. That number has stayed about the same in recent years.
Computers are the biggest reason for more hours spent puter use outside of work or school has gone up for all age groups. Now, 50% of adults spend at least an hour of their free time on a computer each day. That is up from 29% in 2003.
About 53% of teens now spend at least an hour of free time on computers. So do 56% of kids. As many as 1 in 4 people who use computers use one for three hours or more outside of work and school.
So get up, take some breaks and go outside. You might save your life by doing outdoor activities.
42．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ______.
A．their body shape B．their home comforts C．their health D．their food
43．Being active can help people ______.
A．bum more calories B．forget their pressure C．get sick D．treat heart problems
44．What is the text mainly about
A．Computers are causing health problems. B．Too much sitting is influencing our health.
C．Being more active is good for you and me. D．Sitting means killing.
45．Which one of the following is most probably to be discussed next
A．The cause of diabetes.
B．Introduce some outdoor activities.
C．Give some examples of losing weight successfully.
D．List some disadvantages of playing computer games.
四
【2020 四川省遂宁市】
Computers are widely used in the world. As students, we can not only use them to relax, but also study online. Do you have any online classes It is possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and an earphone.
However, most students don’t seem to like online classes. Recently, over 2000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes.
Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes. This was true for Li Jing, 15, at No. 1 High School. “There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to. It’s harder to always stay focused,” she said.
Li Jing prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention. She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers. Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes.
Tian Lishan, 14, at No. 7 High School, thinks online interaction（互动）isn’t enough. “The online teachers don’t really get to know me. When I don’t hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern,” she said.
However, online classes still have advantages. “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Li Jing sad.
41．In the survey, ________ students like taking online classes.
A．about 500 B．about 600 C．about 700 D．about 2000
42．Taking online classes has the following advantages________.
①save time ②hard to focus ③enough interaction
④save money ⑤watch lessons over again
A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①③④ D．①④⑤
43．The underlined word “concern” means “________” in the passage.
A．care B．prize C．stress D．knowledge
44．What can we learn about according to the passage
A．Tian Lishan is a student from a high school in Beijing.
B．Li Jing pushes herself to communicate with teachers in online classes.
C．Li Jing thinks that online interaction isn’t enough.
D．Li Jing thinks it is easy to always stay focused.
45．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．what the students think of online classes B．where the students take online class
C．why the students like taking online classes D．how the students take online classes at home
五
【2020 湖北省宜昌市】
It’s hard to find a person who doesn’t like traveling. The human’s hopes to explore（探索）new areas drive us to visit new countries and discover new places. It’s a pity that it is impossible to explore every corner of the world even if you travel the whole life. So people search travel articles to learn more.
If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you.
Read different resources（资源）. Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling.
For sure, anyone can create a blog（博客）about traveling. But the top travel writers don’t create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. So you can create original（原创）articles and share your traveling secrets with your readers.
Don’t forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article. If you want to copy someone’s story, you can rewrite it and collect a few points. But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings.
Being a travel writer is exciting. You have to travel, explore new areas and share your experience with readers.
46. The Chinese meaning of the word “engage” is____________.
A. 聘请 B. 吸引 C. 告诚 D. 利用
47. If you want to improve your writing skills, you should____________.
A. explore how experts do B. visit new areas
C. discover more readers D. report the latest news
48. According to Paragraph 4, a top travel writer should____________.
A. create a blog about reading
B. write articles about others’ stories
C. become an experienced traveler
D. share other people’s traveling secrets
49. According to Paragraph 5, we know a famous travel writer____________.
A. should often copy someone’s story
B. usually rewrites some body’s travel articles
C. only shares others’ experience and feelings
D. should always have their own opinions
50. This passage mainly tells us____________.
A. why people search travel articles to learn more
B. why people want to become a travel writer
C. how to write a good article about your traveling
D. how to travel, explore new areas and share your experience
六
【2020 山东省滨州市中考】
Animals are our friends. Sometimes they make trouble, but sometimes they can help us. And they hope to live a happy life, too. Here are two real stories from our readers.
The first story is from Ray. "My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him. One year, I had a fall at home and was on the floor for 16 hours. During this time, I was unable to move and couldn't get to the phone to call for help. Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared under my bed. 'What's he up to ' I wondered. To my surprise, he started to push something towards me. It was my iPad, which I didn't realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn't know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy. Thanks to Tiger, I was able to communicate with my friend, Becky, who then told my doctor."
The second story is from Colin. "Years ago, my friend Julius saved a bird-a wild 'Mom' cockatoo（鹦鹉）from the side of the road and kept it as a pet in a big cage(笼子). It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild. Soon, two wild cockatoos came visiting and one 'Dad' bird wanted to find his way into the cage. The 'Mom' cockatoo in the cage was soon expecting. But as she couldn't fly, 'Dad' cockatoo built a home in the tree, keeping off everyone who got close to 'Mom' cockatoo. 'Baby' cockatoo would spend his days flying off with his dad, leaving his mom behind. She would sit and wait until they returned home each afternoon. The family stayed together happily."
After reading the stories, don’t you think we should get along well with animals No matter they are our pets or live in the wild, they have their feelings. We should respect every life in the world.
26. ________ is the owner of the cat.
A. Becky B. Julius C. Colin D. Ray
27. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to the________.
A. phone B. cat C. iPad D. bed
28. "Mom" cockatoo didn't return to the wild because ________.
A. Julius caught it as a pet B. she was badly hurt and couldn't fly
C. she preferred the life in the cage D. "Dad" cockatoo built a home in the tree
29. The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A. Ray, Becky and Colin are animal lovers B. we shouldn't use iPad too much
C. friends should help each other D. we should respect every life in the world
30. In which part of a newspaper would you probably read the passage
A. Sports news. B. People and animals. C. Health. D. Travel.
七
【2020 山东省泰安市中考】
To many people, art is a human expression of creativity. But in recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence（AI）creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems. Some people worry that AI might someday replace（替代）artists.
But this worry seems to be unnecessary, at least for now. Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. Instead of replacing artists, AI is bringing artists more possibilities.
A piece of music created by AI recently attracted attention. AI was used to create the music based on the protein（蛋白质）structure of COVID-19. The music lasted nearly two hours. The project was led by Markus Buehler, an American musician and MIT professor（教授）of engineering. He assigned (指定) a unique note (独特的音符) to each amino acid (氨基酸) is the protein. The AI then translated these notes into music.
Listeners found the project “mind-blowing”. “It allows me to see the virus in a new way,” said one listener. This surprising combination (结合) between science and art could not be achieved without AI. As The Verge wrote, “AI helps artists play around in unpredictable ways, creating things beyond (超过) what they have ever thought was possible before.”
Apart from creating imaginative works, AI can also take care of repetitive (重复乏味的) tasks for artists. For example, in the comic and cartoon industries, there are now AI tools that can automatically (自动) color in black-and-white line drawings. Although the results can be unpredictable and require a little cleanup. it can give artists room to experiment (实验) by cutting down the time it takes to color each picture.
As Peter Ward wrote for The Culture Trip. “Art of every kind has always been influenced by technological developments.” AI can become a useful tool to bring change to the art world if it’s welcomed and not unfairly feared.
22. According to the passage, AI can’t ________ now.
A. write poems B. paint C. replace artists D. create music
23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the third and fourth paragraphs
A. AI created a piece of music about COVID-19.
B. Many of AI’s art creations are beyond artists’ imagination.
C. Science and art can be combined with the help of AI.
D. Markus Buehler was not a professor of engineering, but a musician.
24. The underlined phrase “Apart from” in the fifth paragraph can be replaced by “________”.
A. Besides B. Instead of C. Because of D. According to
25. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Technological developments have greatly influenced people’s daily life.
B. AI has been widely used in science research.
C. AI is bringing more help to the art world as a useful tool.
D. AI’s creativity has caused more and mare worries.
八
【2020 浙江省湖州市中考】
Stephen Hawking, one of the world's most famous scientists, believed that humans will one day have to move into space, "Once we step into space, our future should be safe," he said.
Today, many countries are all planning to send astronauts to Earth's closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other earthlike planets.
__①__ Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should colonize(殖民) space. He wants to start with Mars. Why He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things—for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. Besides, any progress we make in the fields of science, technology, medicine. and health will do good to people here on Earth.
__②__ Elon Musk, the CEO of Space X also believes we should colonize Mars. His long-term goal is to put one million people there if something bad happens to us here on Earth.
__③__ Many people say it's too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems. Besides, these first people would find life especially difficult in space. On the moon's surface, for example, the sun's rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.
__④__ No matter what different concerns there are, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see cities on the moon or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon.
22. According to the passage, why are some countries planning to build space stations
A. To develop space travel. B. To learn more about the moon's surface.
C. To prepare humans to live on other planets. D. To cut down the number of people living on Earth.
23. Which is the best place for the sentence "Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. "
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
24. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To give reasons for and against colonizing space.
B. To describe what life would be like on the moon.
C. To compare the environments of Mars and the moon.
D. To introduce progress in space science and technology.
九
【2020 浙江金华中考】
Very often, when we see young people sitting there, looking at the screen of a mobile phone and smiling, we may think nothing is wrong. But when we come to the question "how much time do they actually spend on media(传播媒介）daily ", the answer is surprising: young people spend about nine hours every day using media, and this only includes media used for enjoyment.
Today's young people seem to have become crazy multitaskers. They often use media when doing other activities. Some watch TV when doing homework, some text(发短信), and some others listen to music. But what do young people think of this A research showed that two thirds of them believed watching TV or texting had no influence on their schoolwork. Half of them thought using social media made no difference. However, researches have given a different answer: "media multitaskers" did worse in tests.
Scientists did a research among more than 400 students. It shows that those who text a lot have more trouble sleeping and do worse in their study. In another research, students who didn't text during a lesson took down a lot more notes than those who were texting. A similar research also found that students who texted when doing schoolwork had lower overall(总体的）grades.
According to a research, if a kid uses social media a lot, especially at night, he or she will sleep worse and feel more nervous and depressed(消沉的). On the one hand, young people stay up late to check messages and information. They may also be woken up by messages they receive. On the other hand, even the light from a screen could influence their sleep. Some other researches also show that children who use media at night go to bed later, get fewer hours of sleep each week, and become sleepy more easily during the daytime.
27. The answer to the question in Paragraph l is surprising because young people ______.
A. spend about 9 hours on media for fun daily
B. often look at their mobile phones and smile
C. always sit there for a long time doing nothing
D. use different kinds of media to relax themselves
28. The underlined word "multitaskers" in Paragraph 2 refers to people who___________.
A. ask a lot of questions B. use different media for learning
C. have several mobile phones D. do several tasks at the same time
29. From the passage we can learn that a kid will probably ________ if he or she uses social media a lot at night.
A. become more worried B. get more excited
C. take fewer notes in class D. sleep much better
30. What is the passage mainly about
A. Social media is very popular among young people.
B. Using media too much has a bad influence on young people.
C. The use of social media has both advantages and disadvantages.
D. Mobile phones are the main tools students use for school learning.
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阅读技巧--主旨大意题
1.题型特点
要求在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这种题型时,不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题,都需要在细读全文的基础上,结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断,从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
2.主旨大意题主要的设问方式
①What’s the main idea of this passage
②What is the passage mainly about
③What does the passage mainly discuss
④The writer means to tell us that .
⑤The main idea of the passage is that .
⑥The passage is mainly about .
⑦From the passage we can learn/conclude that .
⑧The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with .
⑨What’s the best title for the passage
⑩What would be the best title for the passage
The best title for the passage is .
3.主旨大意题的解题技巧
(1)留心关键词,抓住文章主旨;串联主要细节,推断文章中心思想。所谓关键词,即文章中反复出现的、与主题有关的实词,如名词、动词等。冠词或介词等虚词均不在关键词之列。需要注意的是,为了避免同一词的过多重复,文章有时会使用这个词的同义词、近义词,或用代词指代。我们知道,并不是所有文章都包含明确的主题句,比如大多数记叙文。记叙文的中心思想多隐藏在具体的细节中,作者通过众多的细节事实对一个中心点进行论述。因此,我们必须善于串联主要细节,从中归纳文章的中心思想。
(2)注意段落主题句,归纳文章大意。
段落的主题通常由被称为主题句(Topic Sentence)的句子来表示。主题句有两个功能:①介绍段落的主题(Topic);②阐述控制概念(Controlling Idea),控制概念用以控制段落中句子讨论的内容。
主题句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶尔在一段中间。我们在阅读非故事性文章(如科普文章)的时候,主题句尤为明显。有的文章无明显的主题句,主题句隐含在段意之中。
①主题句位于段首
主题句位于段首是由作者先立论,后摆事实讲道理的写作手法形成的。这种段落称作演绎型段落。据有关统计数字表明,在英语议论文或说明文中,有60%~90%的主题句是段落的第一句。
a.寻找主题句
有些段落,有明显的引出细节的信息词,常见的信息词有:for example,an example of,the most important example,first,second,next,then,last,finally,to begin with,also,besides that等。
在阅读中,应尽量利用上述信息词确定主题句的位置。从段落中的for example可以断定,前一句话是主题句。如果无明显的信息词,可先假设第一句话为主题句,在第二句话前面添加一个for example,看看第二句话是否可以支撑第一句话,如果第二句话不能支撑第一句话,便在其他地方找出主题句。
b.选择答案
先彻底弄懂主题句的句意,然后阅读所给的选项,选择与主题句句意相吻合的答案,如主题句的再现,主题句句意的转述或推论等,排除与主题句句意无关的答案,如支撑细节和文章中未曾阐述的事实等。
②主题句位于段末
主题句位于段末是作者采用了先摆事实,后做结论的手法。这种段落称作归纳型段落。
③主题句位于段落的中间
主题句偶尔也出现在段落的中间,但不一定就在正中间。有时,第一句并非主题句,而是承上启下的过渡句。在这种情况下,第二句便成了主题句。此外,主题句也可能是段落的倒数第二句。
一
（2021·青海中考真题）
Do you still hug your parents How do you feel when you hug them When do you need a hug the most
It was a cold November morning several years ago. My alarm clock had just gone off, but I was having trouble getting out of bed. My dad had died a few weeks before. I felt weighed down by sadness and depression.
Tough and strong, my dad had worked so hard all of his life to support us. He would sometimes shout at my brothers and me, but I always knew that he loved me. Still, he had been raised (养育) in a traditional way and raised us that way too. I couldn’t remember, for example, ever being hugged by him.
After my mom and grandma passed away, my dad moved into grandma’s home. I was so happy to have him close by. I would often visit him and just talk with him about life. But we still seldom touched and never hugged. Finally his own health began to rapidly fail and within a few months he left us. It was a cold morning when we had his service (追悼会), but I was too cold inside myself to feel it. I couldn’t remember when we’d had our last hug.
I sighed (叹气) and got out of my bed. I turned on the lights and walked into the hallway. I saw my son Jim walking down the hall to meet me. Suddenly, he opened his arms and gave me a heart-felt hug. And just as he did, I heard my dad’s voice deep inside of me say, “Joey, this hug is from me!” I cried and smiled at the same time. In that moment, in the place where heart, mind, and spirit all meet, I felt loved. I felt loved by my dad. I felt loved by life.
根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1．The writer felt down because ______.
A．he was cold B．his alarm clock didn’t go off
C．he had trouble getting up D．his dad had died
2．What did the writer think of his father ______
A．Tough and strong. B．Hard-working. C．Full of love. D．All of the above.
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to paragraph 4 ______
A．He talked about everything with his father. B．He lived near his father.
C．His father got serious health problem. D．He felt so sad in the service.
4．The passage implies (暗示) that ______.
A．kids shouldn’t be raised in a traditional way
B．parents should set good examples for children
C．love needs to be expressed
D．family members need to understand each other
5．What’s the best title for the passage ______
A．Sad but moved. B．Sometimes people need a hug.
C．A father who doesn’t know love. D．Missing my father.
【答案】
1．D2．D3．A4．C5．B
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者的父亲用自己的方式深沉地爱着作者，而他们却不曾认真地拥抱过彼此，父亲去世，作者感到非常的难过，想念父亲。
1．细节理解题。根据“My dad had died a few weeks before. I felt weighed down by sadness and depression.”可知，作者的父亲几周前去世了，他感到悲伤和沮丧。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Tough and strong, my dad had worked so hard all of his life to support us. He would sometimes shout at my brothers and me, but I always knew that he loved me.”可知，坚韧而强壮的爸爸一生都在努力工作来养活我们。他有时会对我和我的兄弟们大喊大叫，但我一直知道他是爱我的。所以作者的父亲坚韧而强壮、努力又充满爱，故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据“I would often visit him and just talk with him about life. But we still seldom touched and never hugged.”可知，作者经常去看望父亲，和他谈谈生活，但他们仍然很少接触和拥抱。选项A“他和他的父亲无话不谈”表述错误，故选A。
4．主旨大意题。作者和父亲很少拥抱，但是彼此却深爱着对方，作者想告诉我们不要“子欲养而亲不待”，在可能的时候向我们爱的人表达爱意，故选C。
5．最佳标题题。根据“Do you still hug your parents How do you feel when you hug them When do you need a hug the most ”和全文内容可知，选项B“有时候人们需要拥抱”符合主题，故选B。
二
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
Think of somebody you really admire. You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily. As “Father of Hybrid Rice(杂交水稻)”, Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger and helping to feed the country with the largest population.
Wu Mengchao, the “Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery(肝胆外科)”, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years. He performed more than 16,000 operations during his life. Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time deformed his fingers. Wu once said, “It would my greatest happiness if I could work at the operating table until my dying day.”
In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria(疟疾), Tu Youyou, pharmacologist (药学家) took on the job as head of a research team. She and her teammates performed different kinds of experiments. However, the results were disappointing. Instead of giving up, they kept trying. Finally, in 1972, they made it! In 2015, at the age of 85, she received Nobel Prize.
Thomas Edison, the inventor of the light bulb believed that every failure was a step towards success. He once said, “If I find 10,000 ways something won’t work, I haven’t failed. I am not discouraged, because every wrong try is another step forward.”
Sometimes, their success was a surprise, even to themselves. The famous scientist Alexander Fleming said, “When I woke up just after daybreak on 28th September, 1928, I certainly didn’t plan to revolutionize(变革) all medicine by discovering the world’s first antibiotic(抗生素). But I guess that was exactly what I did.”
Some people only became successful after their deaths. Not like Pablo Picasso who became famous and very rich during his lifetime, the artist Vincent Van Gogh only sold one painting all through his life and that was to a friend. But he kept painting and he painted more than 2,000 artworks in the following ten years. Now his paintings are very popular and they sell for millions of pounds.
One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.
1．What do Yuan Longping and Wu Mengchao have in common ______
A．They succeeded in solving world problems.
B．They spent all their lives serving people.
C．They achieved a lot in the medical field.
D．They are remembered for their happiness.
2．The underlined phrase deformed his fingers could be replaced by ______.
A．changed the shape of his fingers B．made him feel down
C．gave him too much pressure D．got his fingers cut off
3．It is clear that ______.
A．Pablo Picasso became famous after his death
B．Vincent Van Gogh painted 2,001 artworks in his life
C．it took Tu Youyou’s team about 3 years to reach their goal
D．Thomas Edison tried 10,000 ways before he invented the light bulb
4．When Alexander Fleming discovered the first antibiotic, he ______.
A．felt too tired to stay awake B．didn’t plan to study all medicine
C．knew exactly what his success meant D．didn’t fully realize its importance
5．What does the writer mainly want to tell us ______
A．Not everyone can be successful. B．The more difficulties, the better.
C．Great achievements aren’t made naturally. D．Great hopes make great men.
【答案】
1．B2．A3．C4．D5．C
【分析】
本文主要介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的，所有这些伟人的共同点就是无论发生什么都坚持自己的目标。
1．推理判断题。根据“Yuan Longping got over great difficulties and spent his whole life working to reduce world hunger...”以及“Wu Mengchao, the ‘Father of Chinese Hepatobiliary Surgery’, focused on saving people’s lives for nearly eighty years.”可知，袁隆平和吴孟超一生都在为人民服务。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据“Holding the surgeon’s knife for such a long time...”可以猜测，因为长时间握手术刀导致他的手指变形了。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据“In 1969, in order to solve the problem of treating malaria...”以及“Finally, in 1972, they made it!”可知，从1969年到1972年，屠呦呦的团队花了大约3年的时间才达到他们的目标。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据“I certainly didn’t plan to revolutionize all medicine by discovering the world’s first antibiotic”可知，Alexander Fleming没有认识到他发现的世界上第一种抗生素重要到可以给所有医药带来改变，也就是没有意识到抗生素的重要性。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据“You will probably find that their success didn’t come easily.”以及“One thing all these people have in common is sticking to their goals no matter what.”可知，本文主要通过介绍伟人的事迹，告诉我们伟大的成就不是天生的。故选C。
三
【2020 内蒙古包头市】
Maybe you should sit down before you read this. It's a little frightening. Your sitting may be killing you.
Health experts say the U.S. adult now sits about 6.5 hours a day. That is up about an hour a day compared to 2007. The news is even worse for teens. They sit eight hours each day. The information was put out by the National Center for Health Statistics. It has collected the numbers for the past 16 years. It is worried about what it has found.
Research shows that people who are not active can get sick. Their bones get weaker. They burn fewer calories (卡路里). That makes them more likely to put on too much weight. They might even get diabetes (糖尿病). They are at risk for high blood pressure and heart problems, too.
Some experts also think sitting too much can influence how your blood moves through your body and how well your body fights off illness. Being active helps in lots of ways. It can make you happier, burn more calories and give you more energy. It can also help you sleep better.
About 60% of people in the U.S. watch at least two hours of TV each day. That number has stayed about the same in recent years.
Computers are the biggest reason for more hours spent puter use outside of work or school has gone up for all age groups. Now, 50% of adults spend at least an hour of their free time on a computer each day. That is up from 29% in 2003.
About 53% of teens now spend at least an hour of free time on computers. So do 56% of kids. As many as 1 in 4 people who use computers use one for three hours or more outside of work and school.
So get up, take some breaks and go outside. You might save your life by doing outdoor activities.
42．The text is especially helpful for those who care about ______.
A．their body shape B．their home comforts C．their health D．their food
43．Being active can help people ______.
A．bum more calories B．forget their pressure C．get sick D．treat heart problems
44．What is the text mainly about
A．Computers are causing health problems. B．Too much sitting is influencing our health.
C．Being more active is good for you and me. D．Sitting means killing.
45．Which one of the following is most probably to be discussed next
A．The cause of diabetes.
B．Introduce some outdoor activities.
C．Give some examples of losing weight successfully.
D．List some disadvantages of playing computer games.
本文介绍了久坐不利于健康。
42．C【解析】大意概括题。本文介绍了久坐不利于健康。故选C。
43．A【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段Being active helps in lots of ways. It can make you happier, bum more calories and give you more energy. 可知运动有很多帮助。 它可以使您更快乐，燃烧更多的卡路里并为您提供更多的能量。故选A。
44．B【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段Your sitting may be killing you.可知您坐着可能会杀死您。由此引出主题——久坐不利于健康。故选B。
45．B【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段So get up, take some breaks and go outside. You might save your life by doing outdoor activities.意为“所以起床，休息一下，然后出去。 您可以通过进行户外活动来挽救生命。”因此下面要讲的应是户外活动。故选B。
四
【2020 四川省遂宁市】
Computers are widely used in the world. As students, we can not only use them to relax, but also study online. Do you have any online classes It is possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and an earphone.
However, most students don’t seem to like online classes. Recently, over 2000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes.
Many students said it was hard to focus on studying while taking online classes. This was true for Li Jing, 15, at No. 1 High School. “There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can surf the Internet or do other things if I want to. It’s harder to always stay focused,” she said.
Li Jing prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention. She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers. Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes.
Tian Lishan, 14, at No. 7 High School, thinks online interaction（互动）isn’t enough. “The online teachers don’t really get to know me. When I don’t hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern,” she said.
However, online classes still have advantages. “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Li Jing sad.
41．In the survey, ________ students like taking online classes.
A．about 500 B．about 600 C．about 700 D．about 2000
42．Taking online classes has the following advantages________.
①save time ②hard to focus ③enough interaction
④save money ⑤watch lessons over again
A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①③④ D．①④⑤
43．The underlined word “concern” means “________” in the passage.
A．care B．prize C．stress D．knowledge
44．What can we learn about according to the passage
A．Tian Lishan is a student from a high school in Beijing.
B．Li Jing pushes herself to communicate with teachers in online classes.
C．Li Jing thinks that online interaction isn’t enough.
D．Li Jing thinks it is easy to always stay focused.
45．The passage is mainly about ________.
A．what the students think of online classes B．where the students take online class
C．why the students like taking online classes D．how the students take online classes at home
本文讲述了学生们对上网课的看法，并罗列了上网课存在的问题和它的优势。
41．C【解析】推理判断题。根据Recently, over 2000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes，可知，来自10座城市的2000名学生参与了这个调查，只有35%的学生喜欢上网课，即35% × 2000=700。故选C。
42．D【解析】细节理解题。根据However, online classes still have advantages. “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,”可知，上网课跟线下课对比，网课更节省时间和金钱，如果不明白某部分课程，还可以反复观看。故选D。
43．A【解析】词句猜测题。care关注；prize奖品；stress压力；knowledge知识。句中instead of表示“而不是”，前后两个词的词义是对立的。根据When I don’t hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern，可知，当不交作业时，所得到的只是一条短的信息，而不是真实的关注，所以concern表示“关注”，与A选项的词义相符。故选A。
44．B【解析】细节理解题。根据She also pushes herself to communicate with teachers.Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes可知，在网课上李静通过提出问题或回答问题的方式，逼迫自己来跟老师交流，故选B。
45．A【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段至最后一段，可知，本文主要讲述了学生们对上网课的看法，并罗列了上网课存在的问题和它的优势。故选A。
五
【2020 湖北省宜昌市】
It’s hard to find a person who doesn’t like traveling. The human’s hopes to explore（探索）new areas drive us to visit new countries and discover new places. It’s a pity that it is impossible to explore every corner of the world even if you travel the whole life. So people search travel articles to learn more.
If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you.
Read different resources（资源）. Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling.
For sure, anyone can create a blog（博客）about traveling. But the top travel writers don’t create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. So you can create original（原创）articles and share your traveling secrets with your readers.
Don’t forget about your opinions when you discover how to write a travel article. If you want to copy someone’s story, you can rewrite it and collect a few points. But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings.
Being a travel writer is exciting. You have to travel, explore new areas and share your experience with readers.
46. The Chinese meaning of the word “engage” is____________.
A. 聘请 B. 吸引 C. 告诚 D. 利用
47. If you want to improve your writing skills, you should____________.
A. explore how experts do B. visit new areas
C. discover more readers D. report the latest news
48. According to Paragraph 4, a top travel writer should____________.
A. create a blog about reading
B. write articles about others’ stories
C. become an experienced traveler
D. share other people’s traveling secrets
49. According to Paragraph 5, we know a famous travel writer____________.
A. should often copy someone’s story
B. usually rewrites some body’s travel articles
C. only shares others’ experience and feelings
D. should always have their own opinions
50. This passage mainly tells us____________.
A. why people search travel articles to learn more
B. why people want to become a travel writer
C. how to write a good article about your traveling
D. how to travel, explore new areas and share your experience
文章主要是对如何做一个有名的旅行作家写出好的旅行文章给出的一些建议。
46.B【解析】词义猜测题。根据文中Start by exploring how experts do. Start following famous travel writers and discover how they engage readers. Also, it will help you to know about the latest news in the traveling. 从探索专家是如何做的开始。开始关注著名的旅游作家，了解他们是如何……读者的。同时，它也会帮助你了解旅行中的最新消息。可知这里的engage指的是“吸引”，故选B。
47.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文中Do you want to improve your skills and do great writings Start by exploring how experts do.可知，如果想要提高你的技能，写出伟大的作品要从探索专家是如何做的开始。故选A。
48.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中But the top travel writers don’t create articles according to stories of other people. They make every trip by themselves and share their experience in their articles. If you want to become a successful writer, you should have a large background in traveling. 但顶尖的旅游作家不会根据别人的故事创作文章。他们自己做每一次旅行，并在文章中分享他们的经验。如果你想成为一个成功的作家，你应该有丰富的旅行背景。可知想要成为顶尖的旅游作家，应该有丰富的旅行背景，故选C。
49.D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中But if you’re going to become a famous travel writer, you need to create original articles. Feel free to share your opinions and feelings. 但如果你想成为一个著名的旅游作家，你需要创作原创文章。请随意分享你的观点和感受。可知顶尖的旅行作家要有自己的观点，这样才能分享。故选D。
50.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中If you want to become a travel writer who helps people to choose a trip, you should know how to create an article about traveling experience. Maybe the following can help you. 如果你想成为一个帮助人们选择旅行的旅行作家，你应该知道如何写一篇关于旅行体验的文章。也许下面这些可以帮助你。以及下文的描述可知，文章主要是说如何成为一名顶尖的旅行作家写出关于你旅行的好文章，故选C。
六
【2020 山东省滨州市中考】
Animals are our friends. Sometimes they make trouble, but sometimes they can help us. And they hope to live a happy life, too. Here are two real stories from our readers.
The first story is from Ray. "My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him. One year, I had a fall at home and was on the floor for 16 hours. During this time, I was unable to move and couldn't get to the phone to call for help. Tiger stayed by my side until he disappeared under my bed. 'What's he up to ' I wondered. To my surprise, he started to push something towards me. It was my iPad, which I didn't realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn't know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy. Thanks to Tiger, I was able to communicate with my friend, Becky, who then told my doctor."
The second story is from Colin. "Years ago, my friend Julius saved a bird-a wild 'Mom' cockatoo（鹦鹉）from the side of the road and kept it as a pet in a big cage(笼子). It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild. Soon, two wild cockatoos came visiting and one 'Dad' bird wanted to find his way into the cage. The 'Mom' cockatoo in the cage was soon expecting. But as she couldn't fly, 'Dad' cockatoo built a home in the tree, keeping off everyone who got close to 'Mom' cockatoo. 'Baby' cockatoo would spend his days flying off with his dad, leaving his mom behind. She would sit and wait until they returned home each afternoon. The family stayed together happily."
After reading the stories, don’t you think we should get along well with animals No matter they are our pets or live in the wild, they have their feelings. We should respect every life in the world.
26. ________ is the owner of the cat.
A. Becky B. Julius C. Colin D. Ray
27. The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 refers to the________.
A. phone B. cat C. iPad D. bed
28. "Mom" cockatoo didn't return to the wild because ________.
A. Julius caught it as a pet B. she was badly hurt and couldn't fly
C. she preferred the life in the cage D. "Dad" cockatoo built a home in the tree
29. The main idea of the passage is that ________.
A. Ray, Becky and Colin are animal lovers B. we shouldn't use iPad too much
C. friends should help each other D. we should respect every life in the world
30. In which part of a newspaper would you probably read the passage
A. Sports news. B. People and animals. C. Health. D. Travel.
【文章大意】动物是人类的朋友，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。
26.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“The first story is from Ray. ‘My cat, Tiger, hates it when I use my iPad because it takes my attention away from him…’”可知，Ray是猫的主人。故选D。
27.C【解析】词句猜测题。A：电话；B：猫；C：平板电脑；D：床。分析“It was my iPad, which I didn't realize had fallen off the bed and onto the floor. He probably didn't know what it was, but he knew that it made me happy.”可知，是我的平板电脑，我没有意识到它从床上掉到了地板上，他可能不知道那是什么，但他知道那让我很开心。所以推测此处it指的是平板电脑。故选C。
28.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“It lost one of her wings, so she was unable to return to the wild.”可知，因失去了一只翅膀，受伤而不能飞，所以她无法回到野外。结合选项，故选B。
29.D【解析】主旨大意题。A：雷、贝基和科林都是动物爱好者；B：我们不应该过多地使用平板电脑；C：朋友应该互相帮助；D：我们应该尊重世界上的每一个生命。分析全文内容可知，动物是人类的朋友，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命。故选D。
30.B【解析】推理判断题。A：体育新闻；B：人与动物；C：健康；D：旅行。根据文章内容可知，本文讲述了两个有关动物的故事，告诉我们要和动物和平相处，尊重每一个生命，所以内容和人与动物相关。故选B。
七
【2020 山东省泰安市中考】
To many people, art is a human expression of creativity. But in recent years, you may have read news about artificial intelligence（AI）creating its own art, such as painting or writing poems. Some people worry that AI might someday replace（替代）artists.
But this worry seems to be unnecessary, at least for now. Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. Instead of replacing artists, AI is bringing artists more possibilities.
A piece of music created by AI recently attracted attention. AI was used to create the music based on the protein（蛋白质）structure of COVID-19. The music lasted nearly two hours. The project was led by Markus Buehler, an American musician and MIT professor（教授）of engineering. He assigned (指定) a unique note (独特的音符) to each amino acid (氨基酸) is the protein. The AI then translated these notes into music.
Listeners found the project “mind-blowing”. “It allows me to see the virus in a new way,” said one listener. This surprising combination (结合) between science and art could not be achieved without AI. As The Verge wrote, “AI helps artists play around in unpredictable ways, creating things beyond (超过) what they have ever thought was possible before.”
Apart from creating imaginative works, AI can also take care of repetitive (重复乏味的) tasks for artists. For example, in the comic and cartoon industries, there are now AI tools that can automatically (自动) color in black-and-white line drawings. Although the results can be unpredictable and require a little cleanup. it can give artists room to experiment (实验) by cutting down the time it takes to color each picture.
As Peter Ward wrote for The Culture Trip. “Art of every kind has always been influenced by technological developments.” AI can become a useful tool to bring change to the art world if it’s welcomed and not unfairly feared.
22. According to the passage, AI can’t ________ now.
A. write poems B. paint C. replace artists D. create music
23. Which of the following is NOT true according to the third and fourth paragraphs
A. AI created a piece of music about COVID-19.
B. Many of AI’s art creations are beyond artists’ imagination.
C. Science and art can be combined with the help of AI.
D. Markus Buehler was not a professor of engineering, but a musician.
24. The underlined phrase “Apart from” in the fifth paragraph can be replaced by “________”.
A. Besides B. Instead of C. Because of D. According to
25. What’s the main idea of the passage
A. Technological developments have greatly influenced people’s daily life.
B. AI has been widely used in science research.
C. AI is bringing more help to the art world as a useful tool.
D. AI’s creativity has caused more and mare worries.
【文章大意】本文讲述了近年来人工智能开始创造自己的艺术，但人工智能并没有取代艺术家，反而给艺术家带来了更多的可能性，人们认为人工智能可以成为一种给艺术世界带来变革的有用工具
22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中“Some people worry that AI might someday replace artists. But this worry seems to be unnecessary, at least for now. Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. 有些人担心人工智能有一天会取代艺术家。但这种担心似乎没有必要，至少目前是这样。今天许多艺术家正在把人工智能变成一种有用的工具。”，可知现在人工智能不会取代艺术家，故选C。
23.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“AI was used to create the music based on the protein（蛋白质）structure of COVID-19. 人工智能被用来创造基于COVID-19蛋白结构的音乐。”，可知选项A是正确的；根据第四段中“AI helps artists play around in unpredictable ways, creating things beyond (超过) what they have ever thought was possible before. 人工智能帮助艺术家们以不可预知的方式发挥作用，创造出超出他们以前认为可能的东西。”，可知选项B是正确的；根据第四段中“This surprising combination (结合) between science and art could not be achieved without AI. 没有人工智能，科学和艺术之间的这种令人惊讶的结合是不可能实现的。”，可知选项C是正确的；根据第三段中“The project was led by Markus Buehler, an American musician and MIT professor（教授）of engineering. 该项目由美国音乐家、麻省理工学院工程学教授Markus Buehler领导。”，可知选项D是错误的。故选D。
24.A【解析】词义猜测题。Besides除了；Instead of代替；Because of因为；According to通过。根据下一句“AI can also take care of repetitive (重复乏味的) tasks for artists人工智能还可以处理艺术家的重复性任务”，可知前一句是指“除了创作富有想象力的作品”，所以apart from意为“除了”，故选A。
25.C【解析】主旨大意题。根据文中第二段“Many artists today are turning AI into a useful tool. Instead of replacing artists, AI is bringing artists more possibilities.”，可知这篇文章主要是讲许多艺术家正在把人工智能变成一个有用的工具，人工智能并没有取代艺术家，反而给艺术家带来了更多的可能性，故选C。
八
【2020 浙江省湖州市中考】
Stephen Hawking, one of the world's most famous scientists, believed that humans will one day have to move into space, "Once we step into space, our future should be safe," he said.
Today, many countries are all planning to send astronauts to Earth's closest neighbor: the moon. Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other earthlike planets.
__①__ Robert Zubrin, a rocket scientist, thinks humans should colonize(殖民) space. He wants to start with Mars. Why He thinks sending people to Mars will allow us to learn a lot of things—for example, the ability of humans to live in a very different environment. Besides, any progress we make in the fields of science, technology, medicine. and health will do good to people here on Earth.
__②__ Elon Musk, the CEO of Space X also believes we should colonize Mars. His long-term goal is to put one million people there if something bad happens to us here on Earth.
__③__ Many people say it's too expensive. Also, most space trips are not short. A one-way trip to Mars, for example, would take at least six months. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems. Besides, these first people would find life especially difficult in space. On the moon's surface, for example, the sun's rays are very dangerous. People would have to stay indoors most of the time.
__④__ No matter what different concerns there are, sending people into space seems certain. In the future, we might see cities on the moon or even new human cultures on other planets. First stop: the moon.
22. According to the passage, why are some countries planning to build space stations
A. To develop space travel. B. To learn more about the moon's surface.
C. To prepare humans to live on other planets. D. To cut down the number of people living on Earth.
23. Which is the best place for the sentence "Not everyone thinks sending humans into space is a smart idea. "
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
24. What is the purpose of this passage
A. To give reasons for and against colonizing space.
B. To describe what life would be like on the moon.
C. To compare the environments of Mars and the moon.
D. To introduce progress in space science and technology.
【文章大意】现在很多国家都计划把宇航员送入月球，希望在那里建立空间站，为以后移民火星或其他星球做准备。对此不同科学家有不同的观点。
22.C【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第二段“Some of these countries want to create space stations there within the next 10 years. These stations will prepare humans to visit and later live on Mars or other earthlike planets.”可知，一些国家希望在月球建立空间站，为以后人类访问火星或其他行星做好准备。故选C。
23.C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为“‘不是每个人都认为把人类送入太空是一个明智的想法’这个句子最好放在哪里”。根据句意可知，这是反对人类访问太空这一做法的，短文第五段“Many people say it's too expensive. People traveling this kind of distance could face many health problems. Besides, these first people would find life especially difficult in space.”很多人觉得这样做很贵、可能有健康问题以及太空生活可能很困难等，都是反对的观点，故选C。
24.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文意可知，短文第一、二段先陈述了很多国家都想访问太空这一事实，第三、四、五三段列举了不同科学家对此的观点，最后一段是总结。A选项“给出支持和反对太空移民的理由”符合文意，故选A。
九
【2020 浙江金华中考】
Very often, when we see young people sitting there, looking at the screen of a mobile phone and smiling, we may think nothing is wrong. But when we come to the question "how much time do they actually spend on media(传播媒介）daily ", the answer is surprising: young people spend about nine hours every day using media, and this only includes media used for enjoyment.
Today's young people seem to have become crazy multitaskers. They often use media when doing other activities. Some watch TV when doing homework, some text(发短信), and some others listen to music. But what do young people think of this A research showed that two thirds of them believed watching TV or texting had no influence on their schoolwork. Half of them thought using social media made no difference. However, researches have given a different answer: "media multitaskers" did worse in tests.
Scientists did a research among more than 400 students. It shows that those who text a lot have more trouble sleeping and do worse in their study. In another research, students who didn't text during a lesson took down a lot more notes than those who were texting. A similar research also found that students who texted when doing schoolwork had lower overall(总体的）grades.
According to a research, if a kid uses social media a lot, especially at night, he or she will sleep worse and feel more nervous and depressed(消沉的). On the one hand, young people stay up late to check messages and information. They may also be woken up by messages they receive. On the other hand, even the light from a screen could influence their sleep. Some other researches also show that children who use media at night go to bed later, get fewer hours of sleep each week, and become sleepy more easily during the daytime.
27. The answer to the question in Paragraph l is surprising because young people ______.
A. spend about 9 hours on media for fun daily
B. often look at their mobile phones and smile
C. always sit there for a long time doing nothing
D. use different kinds of media to relax themselves
28. The underlined word "multitaskers" in Paragraph 2 refers to people who___________.
A. ask a lot of questions B. use different media for learning
C. have several mobile phones D. do several tasks at the same time
29. From the passage we can learn that a kid will probably ________ if he or she uses social media a lot at night.
A. become more worried B. get more excited
C. take fewer notes in class D. sleep much better
30. What is the passage mainly about
A. Social media is very popular among young people.
B. Using media too much has a bad influence on young people.
C. The use of social media has both advantages and disadvantages.
D. Mobile phones are the main tools students use for school learning.
【文章大意】本文介绍了目前存在的问题，社交媒体的过多使用会带来很多负面的影响。
27.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“the answer is surprising: young people spend about nine hours every day using media, and this only includes media used for enjoyment.”可知，问题的答案令人惊讶，因为年轻人每天花9个小时在媒体上娱乐。故选A。
28.D【解析】词句猜测题。A：问许多问题；B：为了学习使用不同的媒体；C：有几部手机；D：同时做不同的任务。分析“Today's young people seem to have become crazy multitaskers. They often use media when doing other activities.”可知，他们经常在做其他活动的时候使用媒体。所以他们是一心多用的人，此处强调“同时做不同的事”。故选D。
29.A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“According to a research, if a kid uses social media a lot, especially at night, he or she will seep worse and feel more nervous and depressed(消沉的).”可知，如果一个孩子晚上经常使用社交媒体，那么孩子会睡得更糟，感觉更紧张和抑郁。结合选项，故选A。
30.B【解析】主旨大意题。A：社交媒体在年轻人中非常流行。B：过度使用媒体对年轻人有不良影响。C：社交媒体的使用有利有弊。D：手机是学生在学校学习的主要工具。分析本文内容可知，本文介绍了目前存在的问题，社交媒体的过多使用会带来很多负面的影响。结合选项，故选B。
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