中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读技巧--词义猜测题
1.题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢 答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢 利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析 根据“not at all as handsome...”我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些生词,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例 But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
解析 从drought所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought的意思是“久旱,旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。
(6)通过举例来猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例 Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
解析 pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(7)通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。
例 The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
解析 从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(8)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例 One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means .
A.terrible B.bad C.good D .real
解析 根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。
例 If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him.
The underlined phrase“all wet”means .
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析 根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(9)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例 A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
解析 从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。
(10)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sofa(沙发),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例 The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine.
解析 上面这两个句子中画线的两个词,只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思分别是“奥林匹克”和“吗啡”。
一
（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）
Long ago in a small village, there was a place known as the House of 1,000 Mirrors.
A happy little dog decided to visit this place. When he arrived, he jumped up the stairs of the House. His ears were raised high and his tail was wagging as fast as it could. To his surprise, he saw 1,000 happy dogs in the mirrors. They wagged their tails as fast as his tail. He smiled a big smile. He saw 1,000 friendly smiles. As he left, he thought to himself, “This is a wonderful place. I will come back again.”
In the same village, there was another little dog. He was not happy all the time. He also decided to visit the House. He climbed the stairs slowly. He hung his head low when he looked into the mirrors. He saw 1,000 unfriendly dogs staring at him. He shouted at them. He was scared to see 1,000 little dogs shouting back at him. After he left, he thought to himself, “That is a terrible place. I will never go back there again.”
In fact, all the faces in the world are mirrors. When you smile at others, they’ll smile at you, too.
6．Which place did the two dogs visit ______
A．A big city. B．A pet shop. C．The House of 1,000 Mirrors.
7．What does the underlined word “wagging” in Paragraph 2 mean ______
A．摇摆 B．竖立 C．下垂
8．The happy little dog thought that the place was ______.
A．a clean place B．a terrible place C．a wonderful place
9．What can we learn from this passage ______
A．Two little dogs will visit the place again.
B．All the faces in the world are mirrors.
C．All the little dogs in the mirrors smiled.
【答案】
6．C7．A8．C9．B
【分析】
两只心态不同的小狗分别去到千镜之屋，开心的小狗认为这是个好地方，不开心的小狗认为这是个糟糕的地方。作者想告诉我们：生活就是一面镜子，你对它笑它也对你笑！
6．细节理解题。根据“A happy little dog decided to visit this place.”和“He also decided to visit the House.”可知，两只小狗都决定去千镜之屋，故选C。
7．词义猜测题。分析“His ears were raised high and his tail was wagging as fast as it could.”可知，它的耳朵高高竖起，尾巴拼命地摇着。此处wagging的意思是“摇摆”，故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据“This is a wonderful place. I will come back again.”可知，开心的小狗认为这是个好地方，故选C。
9．推理判断题。根据“In fact, all the faces in the world are mirrors. When you smile at others, they’ll smile at you,
二
（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）
Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day, but he was just that on Saturday when he saved the lives of six runners during the mountain marathon （马拉松）in Baiyin, Gansu Province, in which 21 people lost their lives.
It started off as a normal day for the 49-year-old shepherd, who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep on the mountainside. But soon the weather was terrible, with rainfall and hail. The rain got so heavy that he couldn’t see clearly and had to run into a cave where he normally went to have a rest. Soon he fell asleep in the cave after covering himself with some quilts he had stored there.
But he was awakened at 2 pm by an unusual sound that was not coming from his sheep. The sound that woke Zhu was the cry of a runner in the marathon. He was wet from head to toe and trembling because of cold. Zhu took him into the cave, lit a fire and covered the stricken （受伤的）runner with his quilts.
Zhu said that there were soon five runners huddling （挤作一团）in the cave, and he then decided to go outside to try to attract the attention of rescuers （救援者）. When he risked coming out of the cave, he found another stricken runner lying on the ground in bad condition. Then the other runners came out of the cave to give a hand. Zhu and the six runners remained huddled around the fire in his cave until 7 pm, when the rescue team arrived.
“I just did what I had to when I saw that these people were in danger. I think everyone would do the same thing in such a situation, “Zhu said to Beijing News.
Luo Chongchuan, the village head of Changsheng, where Zhu and his family live, said that the shepherd is a warm-hearted person who often helps his villagers.
21．What does the underlined word “shepherd” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese ______
A．牧羊人 B．指导者 C．国王
22．What can we know about Zhu Keming from the passage ______
A．Zhu Keming is the head of his village.
B．Zhu Keming is a warm-hearted and helpful person.
C．Zhu Keming saved six runners on a Saturday morning.
23．What’s the best title for the passage ______
A．Shepherd saved six stricken runners.
B．21 runners lost their lives in Baiyin.
C．How to realize our hero dreams
24．Where does this passage probably come from ______
A．A guide book. B．A website. C．A science book.
【答案】
21．A22．B23．A24．B
【分析】
本文主要讲述了牧羊人朱克铭救助了六名越野赛选手的英勇事迹。
21．词义猜测题。此句是一个定语从句，根据“who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep on the mountainside”可知，在山上照看30多只养的人，通常被称作为“牧羊人”，所以shepherd表示“牧羊人”，故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据“the shepherd is a warm-hearted person who often helps his villagers”可知，他是一个热心，乐于助人的人，故选B。
23．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了牧羊人朱克铭救助了六名越野赛选手的英勇事迹，故选A。
24．推理判断题。本文主要讲述的是朱克铭救助了六名越野赛选手的英勇事迹，最有可能在网站上看到此篇文章，故选B。
三
（2021·山西中考真题）
When looking at a pair of old chopsticks, most people would see nothing but waste. But Felix Bock would see boxes, tables, shelves and so on.
In 2016, Felix Bock, a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Canada, found out people threw away about 100,000 pairs of chopsticks every day in Vancouver alone. He felt the need to do something. So he started the company ChopValue in the same year. The company collected used chopsticks from restaurants, schools and shopping centers in Canada and the US and turned them into furniture and other artworks. Now in its fifth year, with the rapid growth of the company, Bock employs 40 people, and using his special methods of steam and press machines, he has recycled 32 million pairs of chopsticks.
Bock takes pride in his work. And he hopes the idea behind ChopValue will help people rethink what they see as waste. “I believe every small action can help,” he said. “And I am happy that my business provides a new way for people.” Hundreds of restaurants across North America pay a small sum of money to Bock for the recycling of their used chopsticks. Bock doesn’t stop there. Now he is busy taking his business to more countries and has set up factories for recycling local wood like chopsticks in 10 countries.
25．When did Felix Bock start his company ______
A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2021.
26．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ______
A．The company collected old chopsticks to make new machines.
B．People threw away about 100,000 pairs of chopsticks in England.
C．The company turned used chopsticks into furniture and other artworks.
27．What does the underlined word “employs” mean in Chinese ______
A．指责 B．雇用 C．奖励
28．Why do many restaurants in North America pay money to Bock ______
A．Because they expect Bock to continue his business.
B．Because they hope to build some factories with Bock.
C．Because they want Bock to help recycle their used chopsticks.
29．What’s the passage mainly about ______
A．The new way to rethink waste.
B．The plan for recycling local wood.
C．The advice about setting up a company.
【答案】
25．A26．C27．B28．C29．A
【分析】
本文主要讲述了Bock创办了一家回收筷子的公司，把回收的筷子转变成艺术作品或家具，他希望背后的理念能帮助人们重新思考什么是浪费。
25．细节理解题。根据“In 2016”及“So he started the company ChopValue in the same year”可知，在2016年创建了公司，故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据“The company collected used chopsticks from restaurants, schools and shopping centers in Canada and the US and turned them into furniture and other artworks”可知，公司将回收的筷子转变成家具或艺术品，C表述正确，故选C。
27．词义猜测题。根据“Now in its fifth year, with the rapid growth of the company, Bock employs 40 people”可知，随着公司的发展壮大，公司雇用了更多的员工，所以employs表示“雇用”，故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Hundreds of restaurants across North America pay a small sum of money to Bock for the recycling of their used chopsticks”可知，因为他们想让Bock帮助回收用过的筷子，故选C。
29．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Bock创办了一家回收筷子的公司，把回收的筷子转变成艺术作品或家具，他希望背后的理念能帮助人们重新思考什么是浪费，故选A。
四
（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）
To improve your reading, you can try the form of readers’ theatre, a formatted script for readers to read aloud. It’s so interesting!
Cast of Characters: Narrator, Kayla, Ms. Lee, Zack
Narrator: On a sunny day in southern Texas, Ms. Lee’s students gathered in the school playground.
Ms. Lee: Tomorrow is the day of the sidewalk（人行道）chalk-art festival. The principal has allowed us to practise our wet-chalk drawing on the playground sidewalk, which will be our studio. Remember, whenever you want to draw on a sidewalk, always ask an adult in charge for permission before you draw. Now let’s review the steps of wet-chalk drawing. What do we do first
Narrator: As the students told her the steps in order, Ms. Lee wrote them on a large pad of paper. When she finished writing, she pulled the paper off the pad and displayed the directions so everyone could read them. Then the students chose and soaked （浸湿）their pieces of chalk. Meanwhile, Kayla and Zack planned their drawing.
Kayla: Let’s draw a jungle feast. Parrots can be eating all kinds of fruit.
Zack: I’ll draw a model train carrying food to the birds.
Narrator: The students removed their pieces of chalk from the water and drew. As Zack drew a sweeping curve of train track, his hand knocked over the jar of water. He and Kayla watched water streak across their drawing.
Zack: Our drawing is ruined（毁坏）！
Kayla: Don’t be so worried! Quick, mix the water and the chalk together! Now let’s use more chalk and smear（涂抹）it around.
Narrator: Kayla and Zack worked quickly. The smeared colours looked glorious, like rich, thick frosting on a cake.
Ms. Lee: That looks great! That’s a special method you’re using, kids. Are you two interested in taking part in the chalk-art festival tomorrow The timetable for the festival says that drawing starts at 9:00 a.m.
Kayla and Zack: Sure!
Kayla: Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.
Zack: Then we’ll know just what to do!
30．What do we know about readers’ theatre ______
A．A place for readers to enjoy plays.
B．A reading material for people to read aloud.
C．A series of steps for children to draw on the sidewalk.
D．A number of people gathering together to play games.
31．What does the underlined word “ streak” in the passage mean ______
A．Rise rapidly. B．Move quickly. C．Disappear suddenly. D．Swim slowly.
32．The narrator in the readers’ theatre ______.
A．tells the whole story in a silent way B．gives instructions to the characters
C．helps the characters understand the story D．describes settings and events
33．What does the underlined sentence “Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.” at the end of the passage mean ______
A．Kayla and Zack will ruin their drawing with water for fun.
B．Kayla and Zack will find the steps by accident by themselves.
C．Kayla and Zack will draw as well as their teacher by pouring water.
D．Kayla and Zack will draw pictures using the method they discovered today.
【答案】
30．C31．B32．D33．D
【分析】
本文是为了提高阅读能力而进行的读者剧院，人物包括解说员、凯拉、李女士和扎克。
30．细节理解题。根据“Ms. Lee’s students gathered in the school playground.”和“Tomorrow is the day of the sidewalk（人行道）chalk-art festival.”可知，明天是人行道粉笔艺术节的日子，学生们可以在人行道上画画。故选C。
31．词句猜测题。分析“As Zack drew a sweeping curve of train track, his hand knocked over the jar of water. He and Kayla watched water streak across their drawing.”可知，当扎克画了一个火车轨道的曲线时，他的手打翻了水罐，他和凯拉看着水在他们的画上迅速流过。此处streak的意思是“快速移动”，故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据文章中内容可知，读者剧场中的解说员描述场景和事件。故选D。
33．词句猜测题。根据前文内容可知，扎克意外将水罐打翻却得到了更好的结果，所以“Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.”的意思是凯拉和扎克会用他们今天发现的方法画画。故选D。
五
（2021·湖北宜昌市·中考真题）
When we first moved here, we didn’t have a garden. Mike and I talked about making a large vegetable garden somewhere in our yard, but we couldn’t agree on where. Before we went ahead and dug up the grass, we spent some time thinking about where it would work best. At last, we chose an old sandbox（沙坑）in our front yard to become our garden.
We dreamed about a lively garden with lots of vegetables. We asked many people what we should do to turn this sandbox into a space, then plants can grow in it. And they gave us lots of ideas. My sister was the most knowledgeable, so we listened mostly to her. At first, Mike made a wood fence（栅栏）and I painted it with the kids. We chose a darker color because it would fit our light grey house.
Next, Mike dug 17 holes. Then we filled them with soil（土壤）. It was still too cold to plant anything, so for days I just stared out the window at these holes. To me, it looked much too untidy. I advised to fill those holes back and dig new ones. This time we ended up with 10. Much better.
Over the next few weeks, I worked on getting everything planted in my garden. I started by planting green onion. But I was too excited and planted it too early. Right away it was clear that it wasn’t going to survive. I had to give it up and try something else. Then my next door neighbor gave me red roses to put in my garden. A few days later we went to a greenhouse and came back not with green onion but peppers, tomatoes and so on. Clearly the vegetable and flower garden was slowly becoming our dream garden. Oh well!
I love the way it turned out. This garden will always remind me of my sister.
34．When the writer first arrived at her new house, she ______ .
A．had a large flower garden
B．dug up the grass in her yard
C．talked about making sandbox
D．wanted a garden with vegetables
35．Why did the writer suggest filling the first 17 holes back ______
A．Because she listened to her sister.
B．Because the weather was too cold.
C．Because the garden looked like a mess.
D．Because the kids could dig better ones.
36．What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 4 ______
A．存活 B．传播 C．嫁接 D．爬藤
37．Which one is the right order of building the garden according to the passage ______
a. We built the fence and painted it.
b. We collected much others’ advice.
c. We prepared the plants that we wanted.
d. We decided on the place of the garden.
e. We dug several holes and filled them with soil.
A．b-d-a-e-c B．d-b-a-e-c C．d-e-c-a-b D．b-a-d-e-c
38．What does the passage mainly tell us ______
A．Why was the writer thankful to her sister
B．What did the family plant in their garden
C．How did the family make their dream garden
D．Who spent time with the writer in the garden
【答案】
34．D35．C36．A37．B38．C
【分析】
本文主要讲述了作者把自己把前院变成一个种蔬菜和鲜花的花园的经历。
34．细节理解题。根据“When we first moved here, we didn’t have a garden. Mike and I talked about making a large vegetable garden somewhere in our yard”可知，在搬到新房子时，她想有一个有蔬菜的花园，故选D。
35．细节理解题。根据“To me, it looked much too untidy. I advised to fill those holes back and dig new ones”可知，花园看起来太脏了，故选C。
36．词义猜测题。根据“I had to give it up and try something else”可知，因为它没有成活，所以作者不得不放弃而尝试些其他新的东西，所以survive表示“存活”，故选A。
37．细节理解题。根据“Before we went ahead and dug up the grass, we spent some time thinking about where it would work best”“We asked many people what we should do to turn this sandbox into a space”“Mike made a wood fence（栅栏）and I painted it with the kids”“Next, Mike dug 17 holes. Then we filled them with soil”“Over the next few weeks, I worked on getting everything planted in my garden”可知，正确的顺序是：决定了花园的位置——收集了其他人的意见——建立了栅栏并给它上了漆——挖了几个洞，然后用土填上——准备想要的植物。故选B。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了作者是如何建立她梦想花园的经历，故选C。
六
（2021·湖南长沙市·中考真题）
Martin Strel is a swimmer, best known for swimming the world’s big rivers. He was born in 1954. He taught himself to swim when he was six and became a professional(职业的) swimmer in 1978. Martin holds Guinness World Records for swimming the Danube River, the Mississippi River, the Yangtze River and the Amazon River.
Of all his achievements, the greatest is his Amazon River swim. The Amazon is known as the largest and most dangerous river in the world. Several swimmers had tried to swim it, but all failed. Martin decided to go all out and make history. He wanted to show the world that people could achieve their dreams with hard work and perseverance(毅力). On April 7th, 2007, Martin Strel completed his Amazon River all the way from Atalaya (Peru) to the Atlantic Ocean at Belem (Brazil). He struggled(奋战) with the river for 66 days and swam 3, 274 miles in total. He became a worldwide hero.
Many people still cannot believe what he has done so far, so that is why they sometimes describe him as “Fishman”, “Human Fish” or even “the Craziest Man in the World”.
In 2009, American filmmakers produced a documentary(纪录片) called Big River Man. And the book, The Man Who Swam the Amazon, has been sold in many countries. It tells us an inspirational story of perseverance and hard work, which has encouraged many people.
Martin doesn’t swim for money. Instead, he swims to teach people about the importance of keeping water clean.
Martin has always been looking for the challenges(挑战) of the impossible. What is his next
45．How did Martin learn to swim when he was little ______
A．By watching his partners. B．By learning from a coach. C．By teaching himself.
46．What is Martin’s greatest achievement so far ______
A．Swimming the Yangtze River.
B．Swimming the Amazon River.
C．Swimming the Mississippi River.
47．What does the underlined word “inspirational” mean in Paragraph Five ______
A．鼓舞人心的 B．心灰意冷的 C．栩栩如生的
48．According to the text, which is the purpose of Martin swimming the big rivers ______
A．To make a lot of money for a good living.
B．To teach people the importance of keeping water clean.
C．To produce exciting documentaries and best-selling books.
49．What can be the best title(标题) of the text ______
A．Swim for Fun B．Challenge the Impossible C．Fight for Jobs
【答案】
45．C46．B47．A48．B49．B
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了游泳健将马丁·斯特尔在克服了各种困难的情况下，畅游世界各大河的故事。
45．细节理解题。根据原文“He taught himself to swim when he was six”可知，他是自学游泳的。故选C。
46．细节理解题。根据原文“Of all his achievements, the greatest is his Amazon River swim”可知，他最伟大的成就是游过亚马逊河。故选B。
47．词句猜测题。根据原文“which has encouraged many people”可知，这是一个鼓舞人心的故事，故inspirational有“鼓舞人心”之意。故选A。
48．细节理解题。根据原文“Instead, he swims to teach people about the importance of keeping water clean”可知，他游泳是为了教会人们保持水体清洁的重要性。故选B。
49．最佳标题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了游泳健将马丁·斯特尔在克服了各种困难的情况下，畅游世界各大河的故事。故选B。
七
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
Derek Redmond
It was the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992; the semi-final of the 400 metres. The sun was shining and the crowd were ready for a great race. The British athlete Derek Redmond was a top runner: he had a very good chance of winning a medal.
The race began. At first, Derek was running well. Then, after about 150 metres, he felt a pain in his leg. He fell down on one knee. He had a bad injury and couldn’t carry on. The other runners went past him and finished the race.
After about five seconds, Derek got up and started to run again, on one leg only. Some organizers tried to stop him but he kept going. The crowd stood up and started to clap. Then another man came onto the track—Derek’s father, Jim. His father put his arm around him and said, “Derek, you don’t have to do this.” Derek replied, “Yes, I do. I have to finish.” And so together they walked the last 50 metres and crossed the line.
When he finally crossed the line, Derek was crying and 60,000 people were cheering him.
Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner
In the summer of 2010, mountaineer Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner was almost at the top of a mountain called K2 in Nepal. She was trying to climb the 8,61l-metre mountain for the fifth time and this time she was climbing with her friend Fredrik Ericsson,
It was about 7 o’clock in the morning and it was snowing a little. The two climbers were getting ready to go up the last 400 metres. Fredrik was trying to tie some rope but he slipped and fell past Gerlinde. He fell 1,000 metres and was killed.
___▲ K2 was now a very sad place for her, and she thought perhaps she would never climb the mountain.
But there was something very important that she wanted to do: K2 is one of 14 mountains in the world that are 8,000 metes or higher, and her dream was to climb them all.
So in August 2011 she went back to Nepal and K2, and tried again. This time, she got to the top. Her dream was complete.
50．What information is mentioned in the first story ______
A．The time Derek spent on the race.
B．The person who crossed the line with Derek.
C．The speed Derek ran for the first 150 meters.
D．The names of the runners who went past Derek.
51．Which of the following can be put in ______.
A．Gerlinde went back to base-camp B．Gerlinde went on climbing
C．Gerlinde tied some rope to the rocks D．Gerlinde wanted to try again
52．What did the two main characters have in common ______
A．They both came from Britain.
B．They both failed the 400-metre race.
C．They both had the dream to climb high mountains.
D．They were both brave people who didn’t give up.
53．What does the writer mainly want to tell us ______
A．The most important thing is to win the race.
B．When things go wrong, we must stop at once.
C．When we start something, we should try to finish.
D．We shouldn’t start a race if we think we can’t win.
【答案】
50．B51．A52．D53．C
【分析】
本文通过讲述运动员Derek Redmond在比赛时腿伤复发，但是他还是坚持冲向了重点线，和登山家Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner在登山时失去了自己的好朋友，但是她还是仍然克服了自己的心理障碍实现了自己的梦想。
50．细节理解题。根据“And so together they walked the last 50 metres and crossed the line”可知，第一个故事里提到了和Derek一起冲向终点的人，也就是他的爸爸，故选B。
51．句意猜测题。根据上一段“He fell 1,000 metres and was killed.”可知在第一次攀爬中，失去了朋友，所以她回到了大本营，A选项“Gerlinde回到了大本营”符合，故选A。
52．推理判断题。通读全文可知，这两个人的共同特点都是遇到了某些困难，但是最终都没有放弃，故选D。
53．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者想通过运动员Derek Redmond和登山员Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner的励志故事告诉我们，当我们开始某件事时，应该坚持完成，而不要中途放弃，故选C。
八
【2020 锦州市】
A man named Randy in Canada liked to hunt for trees. He looked for big trees and old trees in Canada. He made maps to show where these trees were. He did not want to cut them down. Actually he wanted people to take care of them.
Ancient trees are today rare (稀少的) everywhere in the world. On Vancouver Island in Canada, there are so many big trees. The biggest trees are about 800 years old. They are the survivors of a forest fire. The fire brought damage (损害) to the area about 350 years ago. Randy was told of a very tall tree on Vancouver Island. The tree was said to be 314 feet tall. That would make it the tallest tree in Canada. Randy set out to find the tree.
But someone else found it first. It was found by a logger—a person whose job is to cut down trees. The loggers wanted to cut down Canada’s tallest tree and all the trees around it.
Randy made a path (小路) in the forest in order that people could see the tall tree. The tree was so big and beautiful that even more and more people wanted to save that forest. Thanks to these people, that forest is now a park. Canada’s tallest tree is still there.
There may still be a bigger tree out there. Maybe you will find it. But there are only a few old forests left in Canada. Many are still at risk of being cut down.
21. Why did Randy make maps
A. To look for more big trees. B. To show the positions of the big and old trees.
C. To cut trees down later. D. To help loggers.
22. The underlined word “survivor” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 受益者 B. 制造者 C. 控制者 D. 幸存者
23. What did the loggers want to do with Canada’s tallest tree
A. They wanted to take care of it. B. They wanted to save it.
C. They wanted to cut it down. D. They wanted to know its height.
24. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Randy is from Canada. B. The fire happened about 350 years ago.
C. Randy made a path in the forest D. Canada’s tallest tree is cut down now.
25. What happened to the forest according to the passage
A. It has disappeared. B. It became a park.
C. It was not famous anymore. D. The passage doesn’t mention it.
文章大意：本文主要讲Randy喜欢搜寻树木，他在加拿大搜寻大而古老的树木并制作地图标注这些树木的位置，详细介绍了加拿大最高的树木遭遇险境又被保护下来的过程。
21.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“He made maps to show where these trees were.”可知他制作地图是为了指出这些大而古老树的位置。故选B。
22.D【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在语境“The biggest trees are about 800 years old. They are the survivors of a forest fire. The fire brought damage to the area about 350 years ago.”可知现存最大的树在350年前的大火中没有受到损伤，应该是幸存者。故选D。
23.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“The loggers wanted to cut down Canada’s tallest tree and all the trees around it.”可知樵夫想要砍倒加拿大最高的树。故选C。
24.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第1段中“A man named Randy in Canada liked to hunt for trees. ”可知Randy是加拿大人，A项正确；根据第2段中“The fire brought damage to the area about 350 years ago.”可知大火发生在约350年前，B项正确；根据第4段中“Randy made a path in the forest in order that people could see the tall tree.”可知Randy在森林中开辟了一条路，C项正确；根据第4段中“Canada’s tallest tree is still there.”可知加拿大最高的树没有被砍倒，D项错误。故选D。
25.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第4段中“Thanks to these people, that forest is now a park. ”可知森林现在成为了一座公园。故选B。
九
【2020 锦州市】
单项选择 根据短文内容从各题的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案，并将其代表字母涂在答题卡的相应位置。
What surprises us most It is that there are still couples who keep doing things to show each other love. A Japanese farmer is famous for his act of love. He has spent nearly two years planting flowers for his blind wife.
Mr. and Mrs. Kuroki live in a large flower garden. The garden has turned into a tourist attraction (旅游胜地) recently. Around 7,000 visitors come here each year, not only for the beautiful scenery (景色), but also for the special story behind the two old farmers.
In 1956, the newly married couple first moved into the house. The house would be their home for the rest of their lives. They had two children and lived happily for years. However, as years passed, Mrs. Kuroki’s health began to decline. Her vision (视力) problems were so serious that she became blind in the end. She hid herself in her home for a long time, refusing to leave unless it was necessary.
Mr. Kuroki got an idea. He wanted to give her gifts—flowers. So he got to work on his big surprise. Mr. Kuroki took advantage of the hills around their house and he began to plant a kind of flower with strong fragrance (芳香). He wanted to see if the fragrance would make her come outside. When he realized that his idea was going to work, he worked for nearly two years to completely cover his garden with the flowers.
Now Mrs. Kuroki goes out every day with her husband to enjoy the fragrance of the flowers and the fresh air of a new day.
26. From Paragraph 1, we can know ________.
A. the farmer loves his wife very much
B. the famer has planted some trees for his wife
C. there is nothing wrong with the farmer’s wife’s eyes
D. it has taken the farmer over three years to plant flowers
27. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “decline” in the passage
A. 好转 B. 控制 C. 恶化 D. 拒绝
28. After Mrs. Kuroki became blind, she ________.
A. managed to go out B. hid herself in her home for a while
C. planted the flowers with her husband D. refused to leave unless it was necessary
29. Mr. Kuroki planted the flowers to ________.
A. get more visitors’ attention B. make his wife love flowers
C. enjoy the fragrance of the flowers D. make his wife come out and enjoy the fragrance
30. Which is the best title of this passage
A. A Famous Japanese Farmer B. A Beautiful Act of Love
C. A Large Flower Garden D. A Kind of Flower with Strong Fragrance
文章大意：本文主要讲述了一位日本农夫因为他的妻子失明而不肯走出家门，所以他花费了两年的时间为失明的妻子种花儿，妻子闻到花儿的香味便和丈夫一起出去享受花香和新鲜空气。农夫以此来诠释了自己对妻子的爱。
26.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的信息A Japanese farmer is famous for his act of love. He has spent nearly two years planting flowers for his blind wife.一位日本农夫因其爱的行为而闻名，他花了近两年的时间为失明的妻子种花。由此可以推知这位日本的农夫非常爱自己的妻子，故答案选A。
27.C【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文Her vision problems were so serious that she became blind in the end. 她的视力问题非常严重，最后她失明了。结合However, as years passed, Mrs. Kuroki’s health began to decline. 然而，随着时间的流逝，黑木夫人的健康开始……。可知是她的健康开始“恶化、衰退”，所以C选项符合题意，故答案选C。
28.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Her vision problems were so serious that she became blind in the end. She hid herself in her home for a long time, refusing to leave unless it was necessary. 她的视力问题非常严重，最后她失明了。她把自己藏在家里很长一段时间，除非有必要，否则她拒绝离开。可知，黑木夫人失明后，除非有必要，否则她拒绝离开。故答案选D。
29.D【解析】细节理解题。根据He wanted to see if the fragrance would make her come outside. When he realized that his idea was going to work, he worked for nearly two years to completely cover his garden with the flowers.他想看看这香味是否能让她走到外面来。当他意识到自己的想法会奏效时，他花了近两年的时间用鲜花把花园完全覆盖起来。可知，黑木先生种花是为了让他的妻子走出来享受花香，故答案选D。
30.B【解析】标题归纳题。通读全文，可知本文主要讲述了一位日本的农夫因为妻子种花而闻名的爱情故事。结合选项，可知B选项A Beautiful Act of Love“一个美丽的爱的行为”符合题意，故答案选B。
十
【2020 东营市】
It is a hot summer day. Clara is drinking juice in the yard. Her mom is cutting grass with a lawnmower （割草机）. The lawnmower is loud, and Clara wishes her mom would play with her instead. But mom says the grass is very long and has to be cut.
Suddenly, the lawnmower stops. Clara’s mom looks upset. Clara wonders what is wrong. Her mom picks something up out of the grass, and walks to Clara.
Clara’s mom has a little turtle in her hand! As Clara looks closer, she sees that one leg is in bad shape. “I think I broke its leg,” Clara’s mom says. “I’m really sorry. Will you help me nurse it back to health ”
Clara feels bad for the little turtle. Turtles move slowly, so it probably could not run away when it saw the lawnmower coming. And Clara’s mom could not see it in the long grass! It was a mistake, but Clara and her mom will make it right. Clara names the turtle Phillip.
They take Phillip to the vet. The vet takes an X-ray of Phillip’s leg, and makes sure that it is broken. The turtle gets a little splint（夹板）and bandage. The vet tells Clara that the turtle needs plants to eat, water to drink and a place to live in. Clara and her mom buy a small tank （水箱） for Phillip on the way home.
At home, Clara takes good care of Phillip. She puts water and rocks in the tank. She brings him fruit and leaves to eat, and keeps his tank clean.
After eight weeks, Clara and her mom take Phillip back to the vet, who says that his leg is healthy again. Clara is both happy and sad. Happy because Phillip is better, but sad because she has to let him go. When Clara gets home, she feeds Phillip some fruit, kisses his back and says goodbye, then lets him go in the yard. Clara will always remember Phillip.
21. Clara’s mom looks upset because ________.
A. she can’t play with Clara B. the grass is too long to cut
C. the lawnmower doesn’t work D. she hurts the turtle by mistake
22. What does the underlined word “vet” mean
A. 兽医 B. 药剂师 C. 饲养员 D. 驯兽师
23 Clara provides ________ for Phillip.
A. some fruit, water and grass B. a tank, some leaves and water
C. a splint, a tank and some rocks D. a bandage, some water and leaves
24. What does Clara do after Phillip becomes healthy
A. She takes him to get an X-ray. B. She feeds him some leaves.
C. She lets him go. D. She keeps him as a pet in the yard.
25. What do you think of Clara She is ________.
A. kind B. polite C. careless D. creative
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了克拉拉的妈妈在除草时不小心弄断了一只小乌龟的腿，于是克拉拉在兽医的建议下悉心的照料小乌龟。小乌龟恢复健康之后，克拉拉将它重新放回了大自然。
21.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“I think I broke its leg”可知，克拉拉的妈妈为自己不小心弄伤小乌龟的腿而感到沮丧。故选D。
22.A【解析】词句猜测题。根据第五段“The vet takes an X-ray of Phillip’s leg, and makes sure that it is broken”可知，小乌龟的腿受伤了，所以克拉拉好妈妈带它去看兽医，故划线部分vet意为“兽医”。故选A。
23.B【解析】细节理解题。根据第五、六段“Clara and her mom buy a small tank （水箱） for Phillip on the way home…She puts water and rocks in the tank. She brings him fruit and leaves to eat”可知，克拉拉给小乌龟准备了水箱、水、石头、水果和树叶。故选B。
24.C【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段“…lets him go in the yard”可知，菲利普重获健康之后，克拉拉让它离开了。故选C。
25.A【解析】推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，克拉拉悉心照顾受伤的小乌龟，在小乌龟痊愈之后便让它离开了，由此可见她是一个善良的人。故选A。
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阅读技巧--词义猜测题
1.题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就查词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢 答案是否定的。可是我们是如何理解它们的呢 利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词所在部分与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词义。有时文章借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)表示因果关系。
例You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过for引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系由熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
例 Man has known something about the planets Venus,Mars,and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.
解析 此句中的Venus(金星),Mars(火星),Jupiter(木星)均为生词,但只要知道planets就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星”这一领域。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析 根据“not at all as handsome...”我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些生词,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用。此时,如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例 But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is a dry period,or drought.
解析 从drought所在的句子我们得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的时期,即drought,由此可见drought的意思是“久旱,旱灾”。而a dry period和drought是同义词。这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,that is,in other words,be called或破折号等来表示。
(6)通过举例来猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。
例 Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
解析 pineapples和coconuts是生词,我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大概的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系,同属fruit类,因此它们是两样水果,准确地说,是菠萝和椰子。
(7)通过描述猜测词义
描述即作者为帮助读者更深刻更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的描写。
例 The penguin is a kind of seabird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Although it cannot fly,it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
解析 从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类,即企鹅。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
(8)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例 One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means .
A.terrible B.bad C.good D .real
解析 根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面。”因此答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。
例 If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him.
The underlined phrase“all wet”means .
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析 根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(9)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例 A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
解析 从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。
(10)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sofa(沙发),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例 The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine.
解析 上面这两个句子中画线的两个词,只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思分别是“奥林匹克”和“吗啡”。
一
（2021·湖南怀化市·中考真题）
Long ago in a small village, there was a place known as the House of 1,000 Mirrors.
A happy little dog decided to visit this place. When he arrived, he jumped up the stairs of the House. His ears were raised high and his tail was wagging as fast as it could. To his surprise, he saw 1,000 happy dogs in the mirrors. They wagged their tails as fast as his tail. He smiled a big smile. He saw 1,000 friendly smiles. As he left, he thought to himself, “This is a wonderful place. I will come back again.”
In the same village, there was another little dog. He was not happy all the time. He also decided to visit the House. He climbed the stairs slowly. He hung his head low when he looked into the mirrors. He saw 1,000 unfriendly dogs staring at him. He shouted at them. He was scared to see 1,000 little dogs shouting back at him. After he left, he thought to himself, “That is a terrible place. I will never go back there again.”
In fact, all the faces in the world are mirrors. When you smile at others, they’ll smile at you, too.
6．Which place did the two dogs visit ______
A．A big city. B．A pet shop. C．The House of 1,000 Mirrors.
7．What does the underlined word “wagging” in Paragraph 2 mean ______
A．摇摆 B．竖立 C．下垂
8．The happy little dog thought that the place was ______.
A．a clean place B．a terrible place C．a wonderful place
9．What can we learn from this passage ______
A．Two little dogs will visit the place again.
B．All the faces in the world are mirrors.
C．All the little dogs in the mirrors smiled.
二
（2021·山东菏泽市·中考真题）
Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day, but he was just that on Saturday when he saved the lives of six runners during the mountain marathon （马拉松）in Baiyin, Gansu Province, in which 21 people lost their lives.
It started off as a normal day for the 49-year-old shepherd, who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep on the mountainside. But soon the weather was terrible, with rainfall and hail. The rain got so heavy that he couldn’t see clearly and had to run into a cave where he normally went to have a rest. Soon he fell asleep in the cave after covering himself with some quilts he had stored there.
But he was awakened at 2 pm by an unusual sound that was not coming from his sheep. The sound that woke Zhu was the cry of a runner in the marathon. He was wet from head to toe and trembling because of cold. Zhu took him into the cave, lit a fire and covered the stricken （受伤的）runner with his quilts.
Zhu said that there were soon five runners huddling （挤作一团）in the cave, and he then decided to go outside to try to attract the attention of rescuers （救援者）. When he risked coming out of the cave, he found another stricken runner lying on the ground in bad condition. Then the other runners came out of the cave to give a hand. Zhu and the six runners remained huddled around the fire in his cave until 7 pm, when the rescue team arrived.
“I just did what I had to when I saw that these people were in danger. I think everyone would do the same thing in such a situation, “Zhu said to Beijing News.
Luo Chongchuan, the village head of Changsheng, where Zhu and his family live, said that the shepherd is a warm-hearted person who often helps his villagers.
21．What does the underlined word “shepherd” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese ______
A．牧羊人 B．指导者 C．国王
22．What can we know about Zhu Keming from the passage ______
A．Zhu Keming is the head of his village.
B．Zhu Keming is a warm-hearted and helpful person.
C．Zhu Keming saved six runners on a Saturday morning.
23．What’s the best title for the passage ______
A．Shepherd saved six stricken runners.
B．21 runners lost their lives in Baiyin.
C．How to realize our hero dreams
24．Where does this passage probably come from ______
A．A guide book. B．A website. C．A science book.
三
（2021·山西中考真题）
When looking at a pair of old chopsticks, most people would see nothing but waste. But Felix Bock would see boxes, tables, shelves and so on.
In 2016, Felix Bock, a doctoral student at the University of British Columbia, Canada, found out people threw away about 100,000 pairs of chopsticks every day in Vancouver alone. He felt the need to do something. So he started the company ChopValue in the same year. The company collected used chopsticks from restaurants, schools and shopping centers in Canada and the US and turned them into furniture and other artworks. Now in its fifth year, with the rapid growth of the company, Bock employs 40 people, and using his special methods of steam and press machines, he has recycled 32 million pairs of chopsticks.
Bock takes pride in his work. And he hopes the idea behind ChopValue will help people rethink what they see as waste. “I believe every small action can help,” he said. “And I am happy that my business provides a new way for people.” Hundreds of restaurants across North America pay a small sum of money to Bock for the recycling of their used chopsticks. Bock doesn’t stop there. Now he is busy taking his business to more countries and has set up factories for recycling local wood like chopsticks in 10 countries.
25．When did Felix Bock start his company ______
A．In 2016. B．In 2017. C．In 2021.
26．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage ______
A．The company collected old chopsticks to make new machines.
B．People threw away about 100,000 pairs of chopsticks in England.
C．The company turned used chopsticks into furniture and other artworks.
27．What does the underlined word “employs” mean in Chinese ______
A．指责 B．雇用 C．奖励
28．Why do many restaurants in North America pay money to Bock ______
A．Because they expect Bock to continue his business.
B．Because they hope to build some factories with Bock.
C．Because they want Bock to help recycle their used chopsticks.
29．What’s the passage mainly about ______
A．The new way to rethink waste.
B．The plan for recycling local wood.
C．The advice about setting up a company.
四
（2021·江苏南京市·中考真题）
To improve your reading, you can try the form of readers’ theatre, a formatted script for readers to read aloud. It’s so interesting!
Cast of Characters: Narrator, Kayla, Ms. Lee, Zack
Narrator: On a sunny day in southern Texas, Ms. Lee’s students gathered in the school playground.
Ms. Lee: Tomorrow is the day of the sidewalk（人行道）chalk-art festival. The principal has allowed us to practise our wet-chalk drawing on the playground sidewalk, which will be our studio. Remember, whenever you want to draw on a sidewalk, always ask an adult in charge for permission before you draw. Now let’s review the steps of wet-chalk drawing. What do we do first
Narrator: As the students told her the steps in order, Ms. Lee wrote them on a large pad of paper. When she finished writing, she pulled the paper off the pad and displayed the directions so everyone could read them. Then the students chose and soaked （浸湿）their pieces of chalk. Meanwhile, Kayla and Zack planned their drawing.
Kayla: Let’s draw a jungle feast. Parrots can be eating all kinds of fruit.
Zack: I’ll draw a model train carrying food to the birds.
Narrator: The students removed their pieces of chalk from the water and drew. As Zack drew a sweeping curve of train track, his hand knocked over the jar of water. He and Kayla watched water streak across their drawing.
Zack: Our drawing is ruined（毁坏）！
Kayla: Don’t be so worried! Quick, mix the water and the chalk together! Now let’s use more chalk and smear（涂抹）it around.
Narrator: Kayla and Zack worked quickly. The smeared colours looked glorious, like rich, thick frosting on a cake.
Ms. Lee: That looks great! That’s a special method you’re using, kids. Are you two interested in taking part in the chalk-art festival tomorrow The timetable for the festival says that drawing starts at 9:00 a.m.
Kayla and Zack: Sure!
Kayla: Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.
Zack: Then we’ll know just what to do!
30．What do we know about readers’ theatre ______
A．A place for readers to enjoy plays.
B．A reading material for people to read aloud.
C．A series of steps for children to draw on the sidewalk.
D．A number of people gathering together to play games.
31．What does the underlined word “ streak” in the passage mean ______
A．Rise rapidly. B．Move quickly. C．Disappear suddenly. D．Swim slowly.
32．The narrator in the readers’ theatre ______.
A．tells the whole story in a silent way B．gives instructions to the characters
C．helps the characters understand the story D．describes settings and events
33．What does the underlined sentence “Tomorrow we’ll pour water over our drawing on purpose.” at the end of the passage mean ______
A．Kayla and Zack will ruin their drawing with water for fun.
B．Kayla and Zack will find the steps by accident by themselves.
C．Kayla and Zack will draw as well as their teacher by pouring water.
D．Kayla and Zack will draw pictures using the method they discovered today.
五
（2021·湖北宜昌市·中考真题）
When we first moved here, we didn’t have a garden. Mike and I talked about making a large vegetable garden somewhere in our yard, but we couldn’t agree on where. Before we went ahead and dug up the grass, we spent some time thinking about where it would work best. At last, we chose an old sandbox（沙坑）in our front yard to become our garden.
We dreamed about a lively garden with lots of vegetables. We asked many people what we should do to turn this sandbox into a space, then plants can grow in it. And they gave us lots of ideas. My sister was the most knowledgeable, so we listened mostly to her. At first, Mike made a wood fence（栅栏）and I painted it with the kids. We chose a darker color because it would fit our light grey house.
Next, Mike dug 17 holes. Then we filled them with soil（土壤）. It was still too cold to plant anything, so for days I just stared out the window at these holes. To me, it looked much too untidy. I advised to fill those holes back and dig new ones. This time we ended up with 10. Much better.
Over the next few weeks, I worked on getting everything planted in my garden. I started by planting green onion. But I was too excited and planted it too early. Right away it was clear that it wasn’t going to survive. I had to give it up and try something else. Then my next door neighbor gave me red roses to put in my garden. A few days later we went to a greenhouse and came back not with green onion but peppers, tomatoes and so on. Clearly the vegetable and flower garden was slowly becoming our dream garden. Oh well!
I love the way it turned out. This garden will always remind me of my sister.
34．When the writer first arrived at her new house, she ______ .
A．had a large flower garden
B．dug up the grass in her yard
C．talked about making sandbox
D．wanted a garden with vegetables
35．Why did the writer suggest filling the first 17 holes back ______
A．Because she listened to her sister.
B．Because the weather was too cold.
C．Because the garden looked like a mess.
D．Because the kids could dig better ones.
36．What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 4 ______
A．存活 B．传播 C．嫁接 D．爬藤
37．Which one is the right order of building the garden according to the passage ______
a. We built the fence and painted it.
b. We collected much others’ advice.
c. We prepared the plants that we wanted.
d. We decided on the place of the garden.
e. We dug several holes and filled them with soil.
A．b-d-a-e-c B．d-b-a-e-c C．d-e-c-a-b D．b-a-d-e-c
38．What does the passage mainly tell us ______
A．Why was the writer thankful to her sister
B．What did the family plant in their garden
C．How did the family make their dream garden
D．Who spent time with the writer in the garden
六
（2021·湖南长沙市·中考真题）
Martin Strel is a swimmer, best known for swimming the world’s big rivers. He was born in 1954. He taught himself to swim when he was six and became a professional(职业的) swimmer in 1978. Martin holds Guinness World Records for swimming the Danube River, the Mississippi River, the Yangtze River and the Amazon River.
Of all his achievements, the greatest is his Amazon River swim. The Amazon is known as the largest and most dangerous river in the world. Several swimmers had tried to swim it, but all failed. Martin decided to go all out and make history. He wanted to show the world that people could achieve their dreams with hard work and perseverance(毅力). On April 7th, 2007, Martin Strel completed his Amazon River all the way from Atalaya (Peru) to the Atlantic Ocean at Belem (Brazil). He struggled(奋战) with the river for 66 days and swam 3, 274 miles in total. He became a worldwide hero.
Many people still cannot believe what he has done so far, so that is why they sometimes describe him as “Fishman”, “Human Fish” or even “the Craziest Man in the World”.
In 2009, American filmmakers produced a documentary(纪录片) called Big River Man. And the book, The Man Who Swam the Amazon, has been sold in many countries. It tells us an inspirational story of perseverance and hard work, which has encouraged many people.
Martin doesn’t swim for money. Instead, he swims to teach people about the importance of keeping water clean.
Martin has always been looking for the challenges(挑战) of the impossible. What is his next
45．How did Martin learn to swim when he was little ______
A．By watching his partners. B．By learning from a coach. C．By teaching himself.
46．What is Martin’s greatest achievement so far ______
A．Swimming the Yangtze River.
B．Swimming the Amazon River.
C．Swimming the Mississippi River.
47．What does the underlined word “inspirational” mean in Paragraph Five ______
A．鼓舞人心的 B．心灰意冷的 C．栩栩如生的
48．According to the text, which is the purpose of Martin swimming the big rivers ______
A．To make a lot of money for a good living.
B．To teach people the importance of keeping water clean.
C．To produce exciting documentaries and best-selling books.
49．What can be the best title(标题) of the text ______
A．Swim for Fun B．Challenge the Impossible C．Fight for Jobs
七
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
Derek Redmond
It was the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992; the semi-final of the 400 metres. The sun was shining and the crowd were ready for a great race. The British athlete Derek Redmond was a top runner: he had a very good chance of winning a medal.
The race began. At first, Derek was running well. Then, after about 150 metres, he felt a pain in his leg. He fell down on one knee. He had a bad injury and couldn’t carry on. The other runners went past him and finished the race.
After about five seconds, Derek got up and started to run again, on one leg only. Some organizers tried to stop him but he kept going. The crowd stood up and started to clap. Then another man came onto the track—Derek’s father, Jim. His father put his arm around him and said, “Derek, you don’t have to do this.” Derek replied, “Yes, I do. I have to finish.” And so together they walked the last 50 metres and crossed the line.
When he finally crossed the line, Derek was crying and 60,000 people were cheering him.
Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner
In the summer of 2010, mountaineer Gerlinde Kaltenbrunner was almost at the top of a mountain called K2 in Nepal. She was trying to climb the 8,61l-metre mountain for the fifth time and this time she was climbing with her friend Fredrik Ericsson,
It was about 7 o’clock in the morning and it was snowing a little. The two climbers were getting ready to go up the last 400 metres. Fredrik was trying to tie some rope but he slipped and fell past Gerlinde. He fell 1,000 metres and was killed.
___▲ K2 was now a very sad place for her, and she thought perhaps she would never climb the mountain.
But there was something very important that she wanted to do: K2 is one of 14 mountains in the world that are 8,000 metes or higher, and her dream was to climb them all.
So in August 2011 she went back to Nepal and K2, and tried again. This time, she got to the top. Her dream was complete.
50．What information is mentioned in the first story ______
A．The time Derek spent on the race.
B．The person who crossed the line with Derek.
C．The speed Derek ran for the first 150 meters.
D．The names of the runners who went past Derek.
51．Which of the following can be put in ______.
A．Gerlinde went back to base-camp B．Gerlinde went on climbing
C．Gerlinde tied some rope to the rocks D．Gerlinde wanted to try again
52．What did the two main characters have in common ______
A．They both came from Britain.
B．They both failed the 400-metre race.
C．They both had the dream to climb high mountains.
D．They were both brave people who didn’t give up.
53．What does the writer mainly want to tell us ______
A．The most important thing is to win the race.
B．When things go wrong, we must stop at once.
C．When we start something, we should try to finish.
D．We shouldn’t start a race if we think we can’t win.
八
【2020 锦州市】
A man named Randy in Canada liked to hunt for trees. He looked for big trees and old trees in Canada. He made maps to show where these trees were. He did not want to cut them down. Actually he wanted people to take care of them.
Ancient trees are today rare (稀少的) everywhere in the world. On Vancouver Island in Canada, there are so many big trees. The biggest trees are about 800 years old. They are the survivors of a forest fire. The fire brought damage (损害) to the area about 350 years ago. Randy was told of a very tall tree on Vancouver Island. The tree was said to be 314 feet tall. That would make it the tallest tree in Canada. Randy set out to find the tree.
But someone else found it first. It was found by a logger—a person whose job is to cut down trees. The loggers wanted to cut down Canada’s tallest tree and all the trees around it.
Randy made a path (小路) in the forest in order that people could see the tall tree. The tree was so big and beautiful that even more and more people wanted to save that forest. Thanks to these people, that forest is now a park. Canada’s tallest tree is still there.
There may still be a bigger tree out there. Maybe you will find it. But there are only a few old forests left in Canada. Many are still at risk of being cut down.
21. Why did Randy make maps
A. To look for more big trees. B. To show the positions of the big and old trees.
C. To cut trees down later. D. To help loggers.
22. The underlined word “survivor” means ________ in Chinese.
A. 受益者 B. 制造者 C. 控制者 D. 幸存者
23. What did the loggers want to do with Canada’s tallest tree
A. They wanted to take care of it. B. They wanted to save it.
C. They wanted to cut it down. D. They wanted to know its height.
24. Which of the following is NOT true
A. Randy is from Canada. B. The fire happened about 350 years ago.
C. Randy made a path in the forest D. Canada’s tallest tree is cut down now.
25. What happened to the forest according to the passage
A. It has disappeared. B. It became a park.
C. It was not famous anymore. D. The passage doesn’t mention it.
九
【2020 锦州市】
单项选择 根据短文内容从各题的四个选项中选择一个最佳答案，并将其代表字母涂在答题卡的相应位置。
What surprises us most It is that there are still couples who keep doing things to show each other love. A Japanese farmer is famous for his act of love. He has spent nearly two years planting flowers for his blind wife.
Mr. and Mrs. Kuroki live in a large flower garden. The garden has turned into a tourist attraction (旅游胜地) recently. Around 7,000 visitors come here each year, not only for the beautiful scenery (景色), but also for the special story behind the two old farmers.
In 1956, the newly married couple first moved into the house. The house would be their home for the rest of their lives. They had two children and lived happily for years. However, as years passed, Mrs. Kuroki’s health began to decline. Her vision (视力) problems were so serious that she became blind in the end. She hid herself in her home for a long time, refusing to leave unless it was necessary.
Mr. Kuroki got an idea. He wanted to give her gifts—flowers. So he got to work on his big surprise. Mr. Kuroki took advantage of the hills around their house and he began to plant a kind of flower with strong fragrance (芳香). He wanted to see if the fragrance would make her come outside. When he realized that his idea was going to work, he worked for nearly two years to completely cover his garden with the flowers.
Now Mrs. Kuroki goes out every day with her husband to enjoy the fragrance of the flowers and the fresh air of a new day.
26. From Paragraph 1, we can know ________.
A. the farmer loves his wife very much
B. the famer has planted some trees for his wife
C. there is nothing wrong with the farmer’s wife’s eyes
D. it has taken the farmer over three years to plant flowers
27. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “decline” in the passage
A. 好转 B. 控制 C. 恶化 D. 拒绝
28. After Mrs. Kuroki became blind, she ________.
A. managed to go out B. hid herself in her home for a while
C. planted the flowers with her husband D. refused to leave unless it was necessary
29. Mr. Kuroki planted the flowers to ________.
A. get more visitors’ attention B. make his wife love flowers
C. enjoy the fragrance of the flowers D. make his wife come out and enjoy the fragrance
30. Which is the best title of this passage
A. A Famous Japanese Farmer B. A Beautiful Act of Love
C. A Large Flower Garden D. A Kind of Flower with Strong Fragrance
十
【2020 东营市】
It is a hot summer day. Clara is drinking juice in the yard. Her mom is cutting grass with a lawnmower （割草机）. The lawnmower is loud, and Clara wishes her mom would play with her instead. But mom says the grass is very long and has to be cut.
Suddenly, the lawnmower stops. Clara’s mom looks upset. Clara wonders what is wrong. Her mom picks something up out of the grass, and walks to Clara.
Clara’s mom has a little turtle in her hand! As Clara looks closer, she sees that one leg is in bad shape. “I think I broke its leg,” Clara’s mom says. “I’m really sorry. Will you help me nurse it back to health ”
Clara feels bad for the little turtle. Turtles move slowly, so it probably could not run away when it saw the lawnmower coming. And Clara’s mom could not see it in the long grass! It was a mistake, but Clara and her mom will make it right. Clara names the turtle Phillip.
They take Phillip to the vet. The vet takes an X-ray of Phillip’s leg, and makes sure that it is broken. The turtle gets a little splint（夹板）and bandage. The vet tells Clara that the turtle needs plants to eat, water to drink and a place to live in. Clara and her mom buy a small tank （水箱） for Phillip on the way home.
At home, Clara takes good care of Phillip. She puts water and rocks in the tank. She brings him fruit and leaves to eat, and keeps his tank clean.
After eight weeks, Clara and her mom take Phillip back to the vet, who says that his leg is healthy again. Clara is both happy and sad. Happy because Phillip is better, but sad because she has to let him go. When Clara gets home, she feeds Phillip some fruit, kisses his back and says goodbye, then lets him go in the yard. Clara will always remember Phillip.
21. Clara’s mom looks upset because ________.
A. she can’t play with Clara B. the grass is too long to cut
C. the lawnmower doesn’t work D. she hurts the turtle by mistake
22. What does the underlined word “vet” mean
A. 兽医 B. 药剂师 C. 饲养员 D. 驯兽师
23 Clara provides ________ for Phillip.
A. some fruit, water and grass B. a tank, some leaves and water
C. a splint, a tank and some rocks D. a bandage, some water and leaves
24. What does Clara do after Phillip becomes healthy
A. She takes him to get an X-ray. B. She feeds him some leaves.
C. She lets him go. D. She keeps him as a pet in the yard.
25. What do you think of Clara She is ________.
A. kind B. polite C. careless D. creative
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