中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
阅读填空之首字母填空
根据首字母填空是考查词汇综合运用能力的一种较难的题型。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母,它既作为提示又作为限制,让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整。
考生需通读全文,在字里行间捕捉信息,先易后难,既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑。根据首字母填空考查范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其他学科,它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范,符合短文需要。
根据首字母填空的解题技巧如下:
看第一句动词的时态,确定本文的基本时态;
通读全文;
做题:看前后文确定词性,注意名词单复数、动词时态以及单词拼写;
(4)检查所填单词是否符合文意。
一
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world. While some people t 1 away unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste, many c 2 in the world like German and France have food banks. People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to t 3 in need. Shanghai Oasis opened China’s first food bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven million tons of food and h 4 760,000 people.
Many fruits and v 5 go to waste because they look ugly. For example, about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their l 6 . So try to buy ugly food next time, since it is j 7 as good as “normal” food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to o 8 dishes by using the “N-1”formula. “N” s 9 for the number of people in your group. So if you’re in a group of s 10 people, you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyone can do something to make a difference.
【答案】
1．(t)hrow2．(c)ountries3．(t)hose4．(h)elped5．(v)egetables6．(l)ooks7．(j)ust8．(o)rder9．(s)tands
10．(s)ix
【分析】
本文主要介绍了为了减少食物浪费的方法：许多国家都用食物银行来储存多余的食物；建议购买外观不好看的蔬菜和水果；中国饭店采用“N-1”公式点餐。
1．句意：当一些人扔掉不想要的食物时，世界上其他地方的很多人面临食物短缺。根据“unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.”可知，此处指“扔掉”，用固定短语throw away表示，此处是陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为you，动词用原形。故填(t)hrow。
2．句意：为了减少食物浪费，世界上像德国和法国一样的许多国家都有食物银行。根据“like German and France ”及首字母可知，此处指“国家”，用country表示，可数名词，many后跟可数名词复数，故填(c)ountries。
3．句意：人们和杂货店可以给他们额外的食物，他们可以把食物给那些需要的人。根据“...in need”可知，此处指那些需要的人，结合首字母可知，用代词those指代。故填(t)hose。
4．句意：在五年内，它节省了700万吨粮食，帮助了76万人。根据“it saved seven million tons of food and ... 760,000 people.”结合短文和首字母可知，食物银行是为了帮助那些食物短缺的人，help符合语境。由saved可知，此处用动词的过去式。故填(h)elped。
5．句意：许多水果和蔬菜被浪费，因为它们看起来很丑。根据下文“25 to 30 percent of carrots”和首字母v可知，此处指“vegetable蔬菜”，根据many fruits可知，此处用复数表示种类。故填(v)egetables。
6．句意：例如，大约25%到30%的胡萝卜因为长得不好看而无法进入商店。根据“because they look ugly”可知，此处指“因为外形丑而无法进入商店”，look“外观”符合语境，由their可知，此处用复数。故填(l)ooks。
7．句意：所以下次尽量买难看的食物，因为它和“正常”食物一样好。根据语境和首字母提示可知，此处指和“正常”食物一样好，just as good as...表示“和……同样好”。故填(j)ust。
8．句意：许多中餐馆告诉人们用“N-1”公式点菜。根据“restaurants are telling people to...dishes ”可知，此处指点餐，order符合语境，不定式符号to后跟动词原形，故填(o)rder。
9．句意：“N”代表你们的人数。stand for“代表”符合语境，主语“N”表示第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。故填(s)tands。
10．句意：所以如果你们六个人，你应该点五道菜。根据“N-1”和“you should order five dishes”可知，此处指六个人，six“六”。故填(s)ix。
二
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark. But the woman has become an environmentalist on her o 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Rio de Janeiro. Thousands of people from around the world h 12 for it to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow. Twelve-year-old Susan and three of her friends formed a group. They raised money to travel to Rio to a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state of the environment w 14 her a lot. “You don’t know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer (臭氧层). You don’t know how to bring back forests that once g 15 where there is now desert. If you don’t know how to fix the Earth, please stop b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began to lead “two lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schoolchild. But during her vacations, she s 18 internationally about the environment.
Now, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech. Although many of the world’s environmental problems have only become w 19 , Susan does agree that some things are different now. More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.
“Thirty years ago, I was fighting for my tomorrow. Now, I am fighting for the f 20 of my sons,” says Susan, now a mother of two, who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.
【答案】
11．(o)wn12．(h)eaded13．(a)ttend14．(w)orried15．(g)rew16．(b)reaking17．(t)ypical18．(s)poke
19．(w)orse20．(f)uture
【分析】
本文主要讲述了苏珊如何凭借自己的力量成为一名环保主义者的事迹。
11．句意：但这位女士凭借自己的力量成为了一名环保主义者。由前句和句中转折连词“But”可知，此句是说这位女士依靠自己成了一名环保主义者。on one’s own独自，为固定短语，故填(o)wn。
12．句意：来自世界各地的成千上万的人前往大会，讨论地球的明天。句中“it”指代联合国地球峰会，由句中“to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow”可知，此句是说很多人前往大会。head做动词时，意为“使向……进行”，head for前往，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(h)eaded。
13．句意：他们筹钱到里约热内卢去参加峰会。由句中“to”和“the summit”可知，这里是说参加峰会。attend参加，出席，动词，句中用动词不定式作目的状语，此处用原形，故填(a)ttend。
14．句意：在峰会上，苏珊说环境状况让她很担心。下文说的是苏珊担心的事情，所以此句是说环境状况让她担心。worry使……担心，此句叙述的是过去的事，用一般过去时，故填(w)orried。
15．句意：你不知道如何恢复曾经生长在沙漠里的森林。由句中“forest that once”和“where there is now desert”可知，此句是说曾经长在沙漠里的森林。grow生长，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(g)rew。
16．句意：如果你不知道如何修复地球，请停止破坏它！由前半句“If you don't know how to fix the Earth”可知，此句是说停止破坏它。break破坏，动词，stop doing sth.停止做某事，故填(b)reaking。
17．句意：在平常的日子里，她还是个小学生。由后句“But during her vacations”可知，此句是说在平常的日子里。typical代表性的，典型的，形容词，故填(t)ypical。
18．句意：但在休假期间，她在国际上谈论了环境问题。阅读短文可知，苏珊过两种生活，在平常的日子里是学生，在假期时，她就环境问题发表国际性讲话。speak讲话，动词，由句意知用一般过去时，故填(s)poke。
19．句意：尽管世界上的许多环境问题只会变得更糟，但苏珊确实同意有些事情现在已经不同了。although引导的是让步状语从句，结合所给首字母“w”可知，此句是说许多环境问题变得更糟了。worse更糟糕的，为形容词的比较级，故填(w)orse。
20．句意：现在，我正在为我儿子的未来而奋斗，”苏珊说，她现在是两个孩子的母亲，她一直在呼吁人们关注气候变化。由句中“fighting for”和“of my sons”可知，此句是说为了孩子们的未来而奋斗。future未来，名词，the future of……的未来，故填(f)uture。
三
（2021·天津中考真题）
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e 21 compared with other fuels (燃料). W 22 petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p 23 because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c 24 more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e 25 . But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m 26 of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d 27 .
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j 28 .
Many people are not p 29 with it. The government and car makers are w 30 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
【答案】
21．(e)xpensive22．(W)hen23．(p)opular24．(c)aused25．(e)ither26．(m)ethod27．(d)own28．(j)ourneys
29．(p)leased30．(w)orking
【分析】
文章讲了电动汽车的发展史。
21．句意：在那个时候，汽油和其他燃料相比是昂贵的。根据“petrol prices dropped”可知之前是很昂贵的。故填(e)xpensive。
22．句意：当汽油价格下降和新技术的发展，电动汽车不再流行。此处表示当某事发生的时候，另一件事发生了，用when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hen。
23．句意：相反，汽油汽车变得更受欢迎，因为它们可以不停车行驶更长的距离。根据“because they could travel longer distances without stopping”可知此处讲到汽油汽车的优势，应是变的受欢迎了，popular受欢迎的，形容词作表语。故填(p)opular。
24．句意：他们需要更多的燃料，而这导致了更多的空气污染。根据“more air pollution”及首字母c可知此处表示引起更多污染，cause引起，再由“needed”可知用一般过去时。故填(c)aused。
25．句意：他们也不担心汽油汽车的使用量。“didn’t worry about”与前面重复，由此推出是也不担心，either也，用于否定句末尾。故填(e)ither。
26．句意：解决这个问题的一种方法是“混合”汽车，一种部分依靠汽油，部分依靠电力的汽车。根据“solving the problem”可知讲解决问题的方法，结合首字母m可知用method表示“方法”，One后接其单数形式。故填(m)ethod。
27．句意：混合动力汽车在2000年代开始流行，当时汽油价格上涨，混合动力汽车的价格下降。根据“Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s”可知混合汽车的价格应是下降了，go down下降。故填(d)own。
28．句意：这使得电动汽车在长途旅行中不那么有用。根据“The problem, however, is that car batteries need to be recharged.”可知电动汽车需要在充电，不适合长途旅行，journey旅行，long前没有不定冠词或其他限定词，用复数形式journeys。故填(j)ourneys。
29．句意：很多人都不满意。根据“That makes electric cars not so useful for long journeys.”可知人们是对电动汽车不能用于长途旅行这一现象不满意。be pleased with对……感到满意。故填(p)leased。
30．句意：政府和汽车制造商正在合作开发安全、便宜、有用的电动汽车。根据“to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars.”可知政府和汽车制造厂是一起工作，work工作，are后接现在分词构成现在进行时。故填(w)orking。
四
（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special form of t 31 Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen（挡住）your view. This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w 32 you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake. The best e 33 is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations play an i 34 role in the design of a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. They are as important to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i 35 Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.
G 36 in the south are mostly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the method of “borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）” to create a sense of s 37 . A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor. The whole garden will be s 38 in the mirror wherever the visitors are. A pool or a lake in a garden a 39 serves this purpose. A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p 40 .
Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.
【答案】
31．(t)raditional32．(w)hen33．(e)xample34．(i)mportant35．(i)ts36．(G)ardens37．(s)pace38．(s)een
39．(a)lso40．(p)ool
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍中国园林的特点和风格。
31．句意：中国园林是中国传统文化和艺术的一种特殊形式。根据“Chinese gardens are a special form of t…Chinese culture and art.”和常识可知，“传统的”符合语境，作定语修饰Chinese culture and art，故填(t)raditional。
32．句意：这是为了给你一种紧张的感觉，以便之后当你转过大厅看到惊人的岩层和一个大湖时产生意想不到的喜悦。分析“This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w…you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake.”可知，“当……时”符合语境，用when引导时间状语从句，故填(w)hen。
33．句意：最好的例子就是颐和园。分析“The best e…is the Summer Palace.”可知，“例子”符合语境，此前有the best修饰，使用名词单数，故填(e)xample。
34．句意：岩层在中式园林的设计中起着重要的作用。分析“Rock formations play an i… role in the design of a Chinese-style garden.”可知，“重要的”符合语境，play an important role“起到重要作用”，故填(i)mportant。
35．句意：扬州个园以四季假山而闻名。分析“Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i…Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.”可知，此处指“Ge Garden”，用it代替，作定语修饰“Four Seasons Rockeries”，用形容词性物主代词形式，故填(i)ts。
36．句意：南方的花园大多是小的。根据“G…in the south are mostly small in size.”和全文描述可知，“花园”符合语境，根据“are”可知，应用名词复数，故填(G)ardens。
37．句意：中国园林设计师采用“借镜取景”的方法来营造一种空间感。分析“Chinese garden designers have used the method of ‘borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）’ to create a sense of s…”可知，是营造空间感，a sense of space“一种空间感”，故填(s)pace。
38．句意：无论游客在哪里，整个花园都能映入镜子。根据“The whole garden will be s…in the mirror wherever the visitors are.”可知，“看到”符合语境，主语是动作的承受者，用被动语态，will be done一般将来时的被动语态，故填(s)een。
39．句意：花园里的水池或湖泊也可以起到这个作用。根据前文和“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，此处表示“也”，用于句中，故填(a)lso。
40．句意：在假山的东面，有一个人造的月亮映在水池里。根据前文“A pool or a lake in a garden a…serves this purpose.”可知，“池塘”符合语境，根据“a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p…”可知，此处特指表单数，故填(p)ool。
五
（2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题）
Paper, zhi was a Chinese invention. 2, 000 years ago, Chinese people i 41 papermaking. This zhi was made o 42 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperor and rich people could a 43 to use it. 1, 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper-making process.
He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 44 of zhi were made by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of t 45 Chinese painting and calligraphy （书法）. Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
【答案】
41．(i)nvented42．(o)f43．(a)fford44．(k)inds45．(t)raditional
【分析】
文章大意：本文讲述了纸的发展历史。2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。1900年前，蔡伦改进了造纸工艺。后来，中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，并由丝绸之路传播到西方。
41．句意：2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。根据上文“Paper, zhi5 was a Chinese invention.”结合“2, 000 years ago, Chinese people … papermaking.”及首字母提示，可知2000年前，中国人发明了造纸术。invent“发明”，动词，句子时态是一般过去时，故填(i)nvented。
42．句意：这种纸是用丝绸制成的，非常昂贵。根据“This zhi was made … silk and was very expensive.”结合首字母提示，可知此处考查固定词组be made of“由……制成”，故填(o)f。
43．句意：只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用。根据上文“was very expensive.”结合“Only the emperor and rich people could … to use it.”及首字母提示，可知纸非常昂贵，只有皇帝和有钱人才买得起去使用，afford“买得起、负担得起”，动词，前面有情态动词could，因此这里用动词原形，故填(a)fford。
44．句意：中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸。根据“and many different … of zhi were made by Chinese people.”结合语境及首字母提示，可知中国人发明了许多不同种类的纸，different kinds of “不同种类的”，故填(k)inds。
45．句意：宣纸是一种高质量的蒲草纸，最能体现中国传统书画的魅力。根据“Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper,”结合“best shows the charm of … Chinese painting and calligraphy.”及首字母提示，可知宣纸最能体现中国传统书画的魅力，“传统的”traditional ，形容词，符合题意，故填(t)raditional。
六
（2020 南通市）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Reyes Guana grew up in a poor Mexican family. He has seven brothers and sisters. His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet. At weekends, the whole f____66____ went to fields to work. When the children were young, they stayed in the car. As they grew o____67____, they worked, too.
As a boy, Guana was a “very shy” child who was very q___68___ in school. He had few friends but he had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He liked to call the friendly lady “Nike” because she usually wore Nike clothes and shoes. Nike was well organized and the boy liked h___69___ she made everything clean. He told her he wanted to be a cleaner, too. “Well, it’s good if you want to be a cleaner,” Nike said to little Guana with k___70___. “But make sure you go to college and make it as one of your steps there.”
Guana also looked up to the principal (校长) of his school. He was a tall and good-looking man. Also, he always went to someone in n____71____. The principal told the boy that his job was to help students and teachers. “Wow, when I grow up, I want to do what you’re doing.” “Well, you can do it!” the principal r___72___. Guana did get there, and the two men remain friends. The former principal is now almost 90 years old.
But b___73___ becoming a school principal, Guana followed in Nike’s footsteps and worked for three schools in Lodi, California. And being a cleaner at a school made him think about how to show respect for everyone in an organization. In Guana’s school system today, everyone is i____74____ to parties and events. Everyone is important not only the people who clean the floors or drive the buses but also the people who teach the students or lead the schools.
He never f___75___ where he came from, or how he felt. Now, Guana tells his own three children how important an education is for their lives.
本文讲述了小时候家庭贫困的瓜纳从一个学校清洁工变成学校系统的管理者的故事，告诉我们如果想要做成一件事情，并且足够努力地工作，就可以实现它。
66. family【解析】句意：周末，全家都去田里干活。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“全家人去田里干活”，family一家人，为集合名词，在句中做主语，故填family。
67. older【解析】句意：随着年龄的增长，他们也在工作。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“随着年龄的增长”，grow older意为“年龄增长”，故填older。
68. quiet【解析】句意：小时候，瓜纳是个“很害羞”的孩子，在学校里很安静。
根据“Guana was a ‘very shy’ child”，可知他在学校应该很安静，quiet安静的，是形容词，在句中作表语，故填quiet。
69. how【解析】句意：耐克很有条理，这个男孩喜欢她如何把一切都弄干净。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“喜欢她如何把一切都弄干净”，how如何，疑问词，故填how。
70. kindness【解析】句意：“耐克”和善地对小瓜纳说：“嗯，如果你想当清洁工，那很好。”。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“耐克和善地对小瓜纳说”，kindness和善，是名词，在句中作介词宾语，故填kindness。
71. need【解析】句意：而且，他总是去帮有困难的人。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“去帮有困难的人”，in need在危难中，故填need。
72. replied【解析】句意：“好吧，你能做到的!”校长回答。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“校长回答到”，reply回答，是动词，此部分是过去时叙述，所以应用reply的过去式replied，故填replied。
73. before【解析】句意：但在成为学校校长之前，瓜纳追随耐克的脚步，在加州洛迪的三所学校工作。
根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“在成为学校校长之前”，before意为“在……之前”，是连词，故填before。
74. invited【解析】句意：在瓜纳如今的学校系统中，每个人都被邀请参加聚会和活动。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“每个人都被邀请参加聚会和活动”，invite邀请，因为是被动关系，所以用invite的过去分词invited，故填invited。
75. forgets【解析】句意：他永远不会忘记自己来自何方，也不忘自己的感受。根据句意及首字母提示可知是指“他永远不会忘记”，forget忘记，是动词，分析句子可知此处应该用一般现在时，主语为he，谓语动词forget用单三形式forgets，故填forgets。
七
（2020 泰州市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。
Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long. The same is true with poems. If we were lucky e_____71_____, we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once. But usually we need to spend a little t_____72_____ or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today I’d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better.
Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it. Sometimes a poem that seems b_____73_____ on first reading becomes interesting with more reading. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you’re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but l_____74_____ it touches your heart.
Keep a d_____75_____ at hand when you are reading poems. Poets like to use unusual words. Instead of skipping over (跳过) these words or trying to g____76____ their meanings, look them up.
Read aloud and listen to the poem. Reading aloud will make the poem’s rhythm clear. Besides, a poet’s reading is very helpful b_____77_____ we can understand the poem’s meanings from where the poet places emphasis (强调) or pauses (停顿).
After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider w_____78_____it is saying. Sometimes its meanings are better understood t_____79_____ repeated reading. Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem.
It is h_____80_____ to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems, but reading practices will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍诗歌阅读的方法，通过阅读练习能明白诗歌的含义，并加深对诗歌的理解。
71. enough【解析】句意：如果我们足够幸运，我们打开一本书，发现一首诗立刻吸引了我们。lucky后面用副词enough，表示 “足够幸运”。故答案为enough。
72. time【解析】句意：但是通常我们需要花一点时间或一点努力才能真正地懂得一首诗。根据“spend a little”可知此处用 不可数名词time表示“花一点时间”，故答案为time。
73. boring【解析】句意：有时候一首诗第一次读看起来很无聊，多读几遍就变得有趣。根据“on first reading becomes interesting with more reading”可知此处用interesting的反义词boring表示“无聊的”。故答案为boring。
74. later【解析】句意：有时你第一次读一首诗只是情绪不太对，但是后来它会触动你的内心。根据“the first time”以及首字母提示可知此处用副词later表示“后来”。故答案为later。
75. diary【解析】句意：当你读诗的时候，随手记日记。不定冠词a后面用单数名词；此处用动词短语keep a diary表示“记日记”，故答案为diary。
76. guess【解析】句意：不要跳过这些单词或者试着猜测它们含义，去查找它们的含义。此处用try to do。根据“instead of”可知前面部分否定了跳过单词和猜测单词含义的做法，而肯定后者“look them up”。此处用动词原形guess。故答案为guess。
77. because【解析】句意：而且，一个诗人的阅读很有帮助因为我们从诗人强调和停顿的地方可以明白诗歌的含义。后面是讲述的原因，此处用连词because引导原因状语从句。故答案为because。
78. what【解析】句意：在你读完一首诗歌之后，花一点时间思考它在说什么。consider后面是宾语从句；it指的是“a poem”，此处表达“读的这首诗歌在说什么”，宾语从句的引导词用what。故答案为what。
79. through【解析】句意：有时候，通过重复阅读，诗歌的含义能更好地被理解。此处是方式状语，用介词through表示“通过”，故答案为through。
80. hard【解析】句意：很难说阅读诗歌方式是对是错，但是阅读练习会丰富你的体验，增加你的乐趣，加深你对诗歌的理解。此处it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，此处表示“to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems”，根据首字母提示用形容词hard。故答案为hard。
八
（2020 徐州市）
A）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, waiting to see w_____61_____ would be called to read his or her article aloud. Some of us were confident and couldn’t wait to take p_____62_____ in the class activity; others were nervous. I had done my homework, but I was shy — I was a_____63_____ to speak in front of a large group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father o_____64_____ said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that i_____65_____ learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand.
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了写作课上作者克服恐惧心理主动回答问题的故事。
61. who【解析】句意：每个人都默不作声，等着看谁会被叫来大声朗读他或她的文章。根据语境可知，我们等着看谁会被叫起来大声朗读自己的文章，故此处应用who引导宾语从句，作宾语从句的主语。故答案为who。
62. part【解析】句意：我们中有些人很自信，迫不及待地想参加班级活动；有些人则很紧张。根据语境可知，我们中有些人迫不及待地想参加班级活动，take part in参加，固定短语。故答案为part。
63. afraid/ashamed【解析】句意：我已经做了家庭作业，但我很害羞——我不敢在一大群人面前讲话/我羞于在一大群人面前讲话。根据前文“but I was shy”可知，我做了家庭作业，但是我很害羞，羞于/害怕在很多人前讲话。be afraid/ashamed to do sth害怕/羞于做某事，固定短语。故答案为afraid/ashamed。
64. once/often【解析】句意：那一刻，我想起父亲曾经/经常说：“教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。”根据语境可知，那一刻我想到了父亲经常说的话/曾经说过的话，故此处应为副词once/often曾经/经常。故答案为once/often。
65. includes【解析】句意：教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。根据语境可知，教室是学习的地方，它包括从课本中学习，也包括从错误中学习。includ包括，动词，根据句中is可知，本句为一般现在时，主语The classroom为第三人称单数，故此处应用其单三形式。故答案为includes。
九
（2020 盐城市）
（三）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Dear Peter
I'm so excited. Guess what—it's my Dad's 40th b___71___ next week, so we’re going to London to celebrate it! Cool, uh
We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a___72___, we’ll go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i___73___in London.
On F___74___morning, were going to the Tate Modern. Since it's not f___75___from our hotel, we’re going to the London Eye. I can’t w___76___to see the Houses of Parliament from up there!
Saturday is for s___77___. Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p___78___. We’re going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrods—the most famous shop in London! Dad’s not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e___79___it when we're there.
On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and we’re going home by p____80____in the afternoon.
It's my dream trip—and it's happening!
Hope everything’s OK with you.
Lots of love
Cynthia
这篇短文讲述的是作者爸爸的生日快到了，他们决定去伦敦玩几天来庆祝一下。文章中介绍了他们去伦敦后的行程安排。
71. birthday【解析】句意：你猜怎么着——下周是我爸爸四十岁的生日，所以我们要去伦敦庆祝一下！根据空前40th和句中的celebrate“庆祝”可知，这里应表示“四十岁生日”，考查birthday，是一个名词。故答案为birthday。
72. arrive【解析】句意：我们一到那里，就去游览城市。根据文意可知，作者一家决定去伦敦，句中“go on a tour of the city”去这个城市游览，所以这里表示“到达那里”，考查arrive，是一个动词；短文以一般现在时和一般将来时态为主，as soon as引导的从句中应用一般现在时，动词用原形。故答案为arrive。
73. interest【解析】句意：这样，我们几乎可以看到伦敦的每一个名胜古迹。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语place of interest，意为“名胜古迹”，interest是名词，意为“兴趣”。故答案为interest。
74. Friday【解析】句意：星期五早上，我们要去泰特现代美术馆。根据上一段“We're flying over on Thursday evening.”和下一段“Saturday is for…”可知，作者一家星期四出发，下一段提到了星期六，因此这一段说的是星期五的行程。故答案为Friday。
75. far【解析】句意：因为离我们住的旅馆不远，我们要去伦敦眼。根据句意可知，这里考查的是短语be far from…“离……远”，far是形容词，意为“远的”。故答案为far。
76. wait【解析】句意：我迫不及待地想从那里看到国会大厦！根据句意和单词的首字母可知，这里考查wait，意为“等，等待”，用于句型can’t wait to do sth.“迫不及待去做某事”。故答案为wait。
77. shopping【解析】句意：星期六是购物的日子。下文“Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a…we'll visit Harrods-the most famous shop in London!”提到了买东西和伦敦最出名的商店，结合单词的首字母可知，这里考查shop，意为“购物”。空前for是介词，这里应填动名词形式。故答案为shopping。
78. present【解析】句意：妈妈建议我买一个玩具熊给我的表弟作为礼物。根据文意和常识可知，作者一家出去游玩，买东西送给表弟，当然是给他的礼物。因此这里考查的是present，是一个名词，意为“礼物”，空前有a修饰，名词用单数。故答案为present。
79. enjoy【解析】句意：爸爸对此不太高兴，但我相信他在那儿会很高兴的。句中but表示转折，现在爸爸对此不高兴，但等到了那儿他就会高兴的。结合单词首字母，这里考查enjoy，意为“喜欢”。空前he’ll是he will的缩写，后面跟动词原形，故答案为enjoy。
80. plane【解析】句意：星期天上午，我们去海德公园，下午乘飞机回家。空前by表示“乘坐（交通工具）”，结合单词的首字母可知，这里考查的是plane，意为“飞机”。故答案为plane。
十
（2020 扬州市）
根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上, 完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。
Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w ____66____ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there.
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m____67____ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e____68____ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career
A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my son’s birth suddenly gave way to deep s____69____. We had no doubt it was the right time to r ____70____ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b____71____ received offers.
H ____72____, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a____73____ expensive lab resources.
We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c ____74____in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able to do during my years a_____75_____. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home.
本文介绍作者和妻子因为家庭变故举家搬回祖国巴西的经历。
66. wondered【解析】句意：我们想知道我们是否应该搬回到我们的祖国巴西。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“想知道”，可用wonder表示，根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陈述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用其过去式形式。故填wondered。
67. missed【解析】句意：我的妻子也想念我们的故乡。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“思念”，可用miss表示，根据前文“Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born.”可知，本文陈述过去的事情，时态是一般过去时，所以此处用其过去式形式。故填missed。
68. easier【解析】句意：作为一名音乐家，对她来说在巴西工作将会更容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作表语，表示“容易的，简单的”，可用easy表示，分析语境可知，此处暗含比较含义，所以用其形容词比较级形式。故填easier。
69. sadness【解析】句意：儿子出生带给我的巨大幸福突然化为深深的悲痛。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作宾语，表示“悲痛”，可用sadness表示，sadness是不可数名词，所以用其原形即可。故填sadness。
70. return【解析】句意：我们毫不怀疑这就是回到巴西的正确时间。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示“返回，回到”，可用return表示，用于“it is the+ adj+ time to do sth”结构中，所以用其原形即可。故填return。
71. both【解析】句意：我们申请了家乡一所大学的教授职位，并且两人都收到了录用通知。根据首字母提示和前半句“We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown”可知，此处表示“两者都”，可用both表示，指代前半句中的we，所以用其原形即可。故填both。
72. However【解析】句意：然而，在巴西开始我的研究并不容易。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中构成转折关系，表示“然而”，可用however表示，用于句首需大写首字母。故填However。
73. afford【解析】句意：现在，多亏了巴西的资助，我拥有了一个由聪明的年轻科学家组成的团队，并且能负担得起昂贵的实验室资源。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作谓语，表示“负担得起”，可用afford表示，又因为用于情态动词can之后，所以用其动词原形即可。故填afford。
74. culture【解析】句意：我们过着我们想要的生活——从事有意义的研究，感觉离我们家乡的家庭和文化更近了。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作宾语，表示“文化”，可用culture表示，culture是不可数名词，所以用其原形即可。故填culture。
75. away【解析】句意：我开始进行巴西柔术训练，这是我多年来在外面无法做到的。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处用于句中作状语，表示“在外面”，可用away表示，所以用其副词形式即可。故填away。
十一
（2020 镇江市）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
A man had a garden. He planted a rose and watered it c___46___. Before the rose blossomed(盛开), he noticed many thorns(刺) around the bud(花蕾) and he thought, “H___47___ can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns ” Because of this i___48___, he lost interest in this kind of plant, then he gave up watering the rose. And just b___49___ it was ready to blossom, it died.
Good qualities are just like roses. There is a rose in e___50___ spirit. The good qualities planted in us at birth, grow among the thorns — our weaknesses. Many of us look at o___51___ and we only see our weaknesses. We lose heart, thinking that n___52___ good can possibly come from us. We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die. We never realize the g___53___ of being able to find out our good qualities.
Someone may not see the rose in himself, so we need to help him d___54___ the rose. With love, we can accept a person into our life, even though we know his true weaknesses. At the same time, we should e____55____ him to face his weaknesses bravely and correct them. Then he will blossom many times.
本文是一篇说明文，把玫瑰比喻作人的优点，人们要做的是找出这些优点并呵护它们。
46. carefully【解析】句意：他种下了一朵玫瑰，并小心翼翼地为它浇水。空格处所给首字母为c。根据下文Because of this idea, he lost interest in this kind of plant可知，这个人原本对这朵玫瑰充满了兴趣，所以照料起来也是十分仔细、小心翼翼的。carefully作副词，意为“小心翼翼地”，修饰谓语watered，故答案为carefully。
47. How【解析】句意：长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢？空格处所给首字母为H。根据下文then he gave up watering the rose可知，玫瑰长有刺让他无法接受，故此处说的是“长有这么多尖刺的植物怎么会开出美丽的花呢？”。故答案为How。
48. idea【解析】句意：因为这个想法，他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣。空格处所给首字母为i。根据上文How can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns 可知，此处说的是“因为这个想法，他对玫瑰这种植物失去了兴趣”。idea作名词，意为“想法”，空格前为指示代词this，故idea应用单数形式，故答案为idea。
49. before【解析】句意：在它准备开花前，它就枯死了。空格处所给首字母为b。根据上文then he gave up watering the rose可知，他不再给玫瑰浇水了，所以花开之前，花就枯死了。before作介词，意为“在……之前”，符合句意，故答案为before。
50. every/each/ everyone's/everybody's【解析】句意：每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为e。结合上下文Good qualities are just like roses和The good qualities planted in us at birth可知，一个人的好品质就像玫瑰，此处说的是“每个人的精神世界里都有一朵玫瑰”。故答案为every/ each/ everyone’s/ everybody’s。
51. ourselves【解析】句意：我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点。空格处所给首字母为o。根据下文We lose heart, thinking that nothing good can possibly come from us可知，此处说的是“我们中的许多人只看到自己的弱点”。ourselves作反身代词，意为“我们自己”，符合句意，故答案为ourselves。
52. nothing【解析】句意：我们失去了信心，认为自己身上不会有什么好品质。空格处所给首字母为n。根据上文Many of us look at ourselves and we only see our weaknesses可知，很多人只看到了自己的缺点，故此处说的是“我们失去了信心，认为自己身上不会有什么好品质”。nothing作代词，意为“没有什么”，符合句意，故答案为nothing。
53. gift(s)【解析】句意：我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋。空格处所给首字母为g。根据上文We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die可知，人们放弃了发现培养自己的好品质，任由它们渐渐消失，故此处说的是“我们从来没有意识到自己拥有能够发现自己的优点的天赋”。gift作名词，意为“天赋”，此处无明显提示词，故名词gift可用单数或复数形式，故答案为gift(s)。
54. discover【解析】句意：所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰。空格处所给首字母为d。根据上文Someone may not see the rose in himself可知，有些人没有发现自己所拥有的玫瑰（指好品质），故此处说的是“所以我们需要帮助他发现自己的那朵玫瑰”。discover作动词，意为“发现”，且位于help sb. do sth.结构中，故答案为discover。
55. encourage【解析】句意：同时，我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正。空格处所给首字母为e。根据下文face his weaknesses bravely and correct them可知，一个人要面对自己的弱点并改正它们是需要很大的勇气的，所以要鼓励他们去这么做。故此处说的是“同时，我们应该鼓励他勇敢地面对自己的弱点并加以改正”。encourage作动词，意为“鼓励”，空格前为情态动词should，故encourage应用原形，故答案为encourage。
十二
（2020 上海市）
"Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!" Henry cried loudly． "I'm not eating this!" Henry's mum and dad looked at each other．This was the second time this week that Henry had c81． about his dinner．
"We're going to let you take over dinnertime．You can pick the food and cook your meals，'Mum said．
"Good．We're going to eat good food every night!" Henry answered．
The next day，Henry sat down to write the meal p82．"We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow，" Henry said．
"Are we going to have anything e83．besides chicken？We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal，"，said Mum．
"We can have cabbage，"Henry said．
After he finished shopping，it was time to make his f84．meal．He believed that this would be his favourite meal．Since he had never cooked，his parents were both there to help him． "There's a lot to do，"Henry thought，as he looked at the mess in the kitchen．He was usually playing games outside while his parents were making dinner．
It took almost two hours to cook．When dinner was finally finished，Henry was tired and h85．．But he was so excited—he made dinner!
"I don't like cabbage，" cried Sophia，Henry's little sister，at the table．Henry felt quite upset．He had worked so hard on dinner，but it was i86．to get everyone happy about every part of every meal!
"I'm sorry．I didn't know this could be so hard，" Henry felt like he might cry．He began to r87．how his parents felt every time at the dinner table．
"It's 0K，Henry．You worked really hard．We' ll take back dinner responsibilities． You'll have to do it enough when you're grown up，"Dad said．
Henry felt released．He happily finished his dinner and never got angry at dinner table again．
文章主要讲Herry因对晚饭所吃的食物不满而爸妈提议以后让他自己做饭的故事。故事中，Herry按照计划好的菜单计划去购物，然后花了差不多两个小时的时间做好饭，最后他的妹妹却说不喜欢卷心菜。这时，他才意识到做大家都满意的饭菜是很难的，并意识到了每次父母吃饭时的感受，最后他得到了父母的理解并释怀了，以后再也不会在吃饭时生气了。
81．complained【解析】句意：这是亨利本周第二次抱怨他的晚餐了。考查动词。由上文“Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!...I'm not eating this!”可知，“亨利不喜欢吃肉丸——他对晚饭不满”。那么，结合首字母提示可知空格处表示“抱怨（complain）”。再根据句子结构（had+过去分词）可知，题干应用过去完成时。故答案为complained。
82．plan【解析】句意：亨利坐下来写用餐计划。考查名词。由下文“We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow”及首字母提示可知，上文句意为“亨利坐下来写用餐计划”，所以空格处应填plan，“计划”，名词。故答案为plan。
83．else【解析】句意：除了鸡肉，我们还吃别的吗？考查形容词。由下文“We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal”及首字母提示可知，上文句意为“除了鸡肉，我们还吃别的吗？”所以空格处应填else，“其他的”，形容词，常用于不定代词后。故答案为else。
84．first【解析】句意：他买完东西后，该是他做第一顿饭的时间了。考查序数词。根据上下文及首字母提示可知，“这是亨利第一次做饭”，所以此空应填first，“第一”，序数词。故答案为first。
85．hungry【解析】句意，当晚饭终于做好了，Herry（感到）又累又饿。考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填hungry，“饥饿的”，形容词，在句中作表语。故答案为hungry。
86．impossible【解析】句意：但要让每个人对每顿饭的每一部分都感到高兴是不可能的！考查形容词。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填impossible，“不可能的”，形容词。It is/was+形容词+(for sb.)to do sth.是固定句式，意为“（对某人而言）做某事是……”。故答案为impossible。
87．realize【解析】句意：他开始意识到他父母每次吃饭时的感受。考查动词。begin to do sth.开始做某事，固定搭配。再根据句意及首字母提示可知，此空应填realize，“意识到”，动词。故答案为realize。
【点睛】
题目要求根据首字母提示填写适当的单词补全短文，考查学生对语境的理解能力及对所学词汇的把握和运用能力。做题时，应先把上下文语境或句意与首字母提示结合起来，推出所需单词，然后根据语法知识填写单词的适当形式。
十三
（2020 四川攀枝花）
Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything through his whole life. W61．you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her a62．. When you are ill, she stops her work at once to look after you day and night and forgets about h63．.
When you are g64．up day by day, mother feels very happy. When you are old e65．to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back f66．school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w67．about you at home. She usually knows your study and s68．much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be seen on her f69．.
Mother is always ready to give everything she h70．to her children, but not to receive. What true love that is in the world！We will remember Mother Love forever.
本文是一篇说明文，阐述了母爱是世界上最真实、伟大的爱。并且详细阐述了在一个人成长的过程中，母爱是如何伴随着我们。
61．When【解析】句意：当你还是一个小婴儿，母亲尽可能多地照顾你。此处引导一个从句，根据首字母w，可知是表时间，用when引导，意为“当……时”，故答案为When。
62．arms【解析】句意：当你醒着时，她总是把你搂在臂弯中。此处作介词in的宾语，用名词；根据前文holds you，可知此处是arm手臂，此处用复数，表示“双臂中”，故答案为arms。
63．herself【解析】句意：当你生病了，她立刻停下工作，日日夜夜地照顾你，忘了她自己。此处作介词about的宾语，又指的是主语mother，可知用反身代词，故答案为herself。
64．growing【解析】句意：当你一天天长大，母亲非常开心。此处和其前be动词构成现在进行时be doing，可知填现在分词；根据语境和首字母g，可知是动词短语grow up长大，故答案为growing。
65．enough【解析】句意：当你年龄大到足够去上学，妈妈仍然一直照顾着你。此处修饰其前形容词old，应该用副词；根据首字母e，可知是enough足够，是副词，构成固定搭配be+adj.+enough+to do，意为“足够……做某事”，故答案为enough。
66．from【解析】句意：她总是站在风中，等你从学校回来。此处缺介词，根据首字母f，可知是from，意为“从……”，故答案为from。
67．worried【解析】句意：当你几乎不吃早餐，匆忙离开家去学校，她总是在家担心着你。此处作表语，构成固定词组feel worried about，意为“担心”，故答案为worried。
68．spends【解析】句意：她通常知道你的学习情况，花许多钱在你的学习资料上。此处和前文knows一起作并列谓语，可知也用动词三单；根据固定搭配spend money on sth.，意为“花费金钱在某事上”，可知用spend，主语为she，故答案为spends。
69．face【解析】句意：当你在学校表现好了，最明亮的笑容会出现在她脸上。此处作介词on的宾语，用名词；根据前文说是微笑，可知此处是face脸，是名词，空格前为her，名词用单数，故答案为face。
70．has【解析】句意：母亲总是准备把她拥有的一切给孩子，但从不奢求回报。此处作定语从句的谓语，根据宾语为everything，可知此处是have，意为“拥有”；根据主语she为三单，可知动词也用三单，故答案为has。
十四
（2020 天津市）
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’ This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home
What do you like best about being at home Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day.
How do you help at home
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
文章介绍了谚语“回家真好”，人们喜欢家里的什么，以及在家能帮忙做什么家务事等等。
56．nice【解析】句意：这只是另一种方式说回家很好！根据句意理解及前句Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home” 可知，这里表达的是“回家真好”，空格表示的是“好的”，在句中作表语，所以用形容词nice，故答案为nice。
57．enjoy【解析】句意：也许你喜欢和爸爸妈妈呆在一起。根据句意理解及前句Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters.可知，这里表达的是“喜欢”，英语是enjoy，前句用的是一般现在时，所以这里也用一般现在时，主语是第二人称，所以动词用原形，故答案为enjoy。
58．another【解析】句意：你的卧室是另一个让家变得特别的东西。根据句意理解及前句Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.可知，这里表达的是“另一个”，英语是another，表示不确定数目的另一个，故答案为another。
59．bed【解析】句意：这是你在上面睡的舒适的床吗？根据句意理解及空格后that you sleep on可知，这里说的是“床”，英语是bed，而这里指的是“你睡觉的床”，所以应该用单数形式，故答案为bed。
60．quiet【解析】句意：也许你喜欢有一个安静的地方看书或思考你的一天。根据句意理解及后句to read a book or to think about your day可知，这里表达的是“安静的”，英语是quiet，在句中修饰的是空格后面的名词place，故答案为quiet。
61．stories【解析】句意：现在是分享你一天中有趣故事的时候了。根据句意理解及空格前的share interesting以及空格后的about your day可知，这里指的是“故事”，英语是story，是一个可数名词，所以这里应该用复数形式，表示很多有趣的故事，故答案为stories。
62．like【解析】句意：你家里的家务活是谁干的，比如打扫卫生、做饭和庭院劳动？根据句意理解及空格后面的cleaning, cooking, and yardwork可知，空格后面是举例家务，所以这里表达的是“像，比如”，英语是介词like，故答案为like。
63．together【解析】句意：当一家人一起做家务时……根据句意理解及后句it makes them easier and more fun for everyone.可知，这里表达的是“一起工作”，英语是work together，所以空格缺的是“一起”，故答案为together。
64．help【解析】句意：也许你可以帮忙摆好餐桌或者清洁一下。根据句意理解及后句lay the dinner table or clear the places可知，这里表达的是“帮助”，英语是help，而空格前有情态动词can，所以这里应该用动词原形，故答案为help。
65．when【解析】句意：想想你能做些什么，这样当你每天回家时，你可以说，“家，温馨的家！”根据句意理解可知，这里是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，所以空格缺的是时间状语从句的连词，表示的是“当……时”，所以空格应该用when来引导，故答案为when。
十五
【2020 湖北省咸宁市】
短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已给出。(有的词请注意词形的变化！)
When I was a child, my mom liked to make food for dinner every now and then. One night she made d___41___ after a long, hard work.
That evening, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausages and burned (烤焦的) c___42___ in front of my dad. I was waiting to s___43___ if anyone would say anything. Yet my dad just reached for his cookies, smiled a___44___ my mom and asked me how my day was at school. I didn't remember what I told him that night, b___45___ I clearly remembered watching him eat every bite of the cookies!
When I got up from the table that evening I heard my mom apologize (道歡) to my dad for b___46___ the cookies. And I will never forget what he s___47___: "Dear, I love the burned cookies."
Later that night, I went to kiss Dad goodnight and I a___48___ him if he really liked his burned cookies. He hugged me and said: "Your mom had a h___49___ work today, and she's very tired. Besides, a little burned cookie never hurts a____50____!"
Life is f____51____ of imperfect (不完美的) things and imperfect people. We n____52____ to learn to accept each other's faults (过失) and enjoy each other's differences. Try to understand it and change our mind.
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者的母亲工作辛苦一天后做饭，把饼干烧焦了，作者的父亲没有任何怨言地吃掉了每块饼干并表示喜欢烧焦的饼干。作者询问父亲是否真的喜欢烧焦的饼干，父亲认为一点烧焦的饼干不会伤害任何人。由此启发读者学会接受每个人的过失，享受每个人的不同点，试着去理解并改变自己的想法。
41. dinner 【解析】句意：一天晚上她在长时间辛苦工作之后做饭。根据“my mom liked to make food for dinner”及首字母提示可知此处用made dinner表示“做饭”。故答案为dinner。
42. cookies 【解析】句意：那天晚上，我妈妈放了一盘鸡蛋、烤肠和烧焦的饼干在我爸爸面前。
根据后文“my dad just reached for his cookies”可知此处用复数名词cookies表示“饼干”。故答案为cookies。
43. see【解析】句意：我等着看是否有人会说什么。此处用wait to do表示“等着做某事”，根据首字母提示可知用动词原形see表示“看”。故答案为see。
44. at 【解析】句意：然而我爸爸只是伸向他的饼干，朝着我妈妈微笑，问我在学校怎样。此处用动词短语smile at sb.表示“向某人微笑”；此处用介词at。故答案为at。
45. but【解析】句意：我不记得我那晚告诉了他什么，但是我清晰地记得我看着他吃完每一块饼干。前后句子是转折关系，此处用连词but表示“但是”。故答案为but。
46. burning 【解析】句意：那晚当我从桌子旁起身，我听到我妈妈因为烧焦的饼干给爸爸道歉。表示“道歉”用apologize to sb. for sth./doing；此处介词for后面用名词或动名词；根据前文“burned”可知此处用动名词burning表示“烧焦”。故答案为burning。
47. said 【解析】句意：我永远不会忘记我爸爸说的话：“亲爱的，我喜欢烧焦的饼干。”根据引号内容可知此处用动词表示“说”；说话是过去发生的动作，用一般过去时态，此处用动词的过去式said。故答案为said。
48. asked【解析】句意：那晚的晚些时候，我去给爸爸道晚安，我问他是否他真的喜欢烧焦的饼干。
此处缺谓语动词，句子是一般过去时态。根据“if he really liked his burned cookies”及首字母提示可知此处用动词asked表示“问”。故答案为asked。
49. hard【解析】句意：今天你妈妈工作很辛苦。根据前文“after a long, hard work”以及后文“she's very tired”可知此处用短语have a hard work表示“工作辛苦”。故答案为hard。
50. anyone/anybody【解析】句意：而且，一点烧焦的饼干不会伤害任何人。根据never可知是否定，此处表示“任何人”用不定代词anyone或者anybody。故答案为anyone/anybody。
51. full【解析】句意：生活充满着不完美的事情和不完美的人。根据首字母提示可知用短语be full of表示“充满”。故答案为full。
52. need【解析】句意：我们需要学会接受每个人的过失，享受每个人的不同点。此处缺谓语动词，根据首字母提示可知此处用need to do表示“需要”。故答案为need。
十六
【2020 武汉市】
阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Boyan Slat has one huge goal. It's a goal that could be good for people and a____51____all over the world. Amazingly, it looks like he's going to m____52____his goal.
When he was 16 Dutch engineering student Slat was on vacation in Greece, and he started to think about all the rubbish that is p____53____onto beaches by water. The oceans around the world are all of plastic—millions of tons of plastic. Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes c____54____to break down (分解).
The p____55____situation of the oceans is bad and worrying and Slat wanted to do something to change it. So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.
Slat started with an idea for an unusual m____56____to "catch" the plastic floating (漂浮) in the water using the natural energy of the ocean. He left school in 2013 to begin work on his project The Ocean Cleanup. Soon, the project r____57____a lot of attention.
A year later, he was leading a team of 100 scientists and engineers working on the invention. Slat needed money for this, so he started asking people to d____58____to his project online and raised over $ 2 million!
Soon after, Slat was named a "Champion of the Earth" by the United Nations for his meaningful and v____59____ work. It's the most important title the UN gives to people helping the environment. The Ocean Cleanup also won several awards (奖项) for having one of the best inventions of 2015. But the d_____60_____goes on for Slat. He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.
这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述的是柏杨·史莱特看到海上的垃圾受到启发，立下一个目标：清理全世界海洋的垃圾。他努力朝着自己的目标努力，并被誉为“地球卫士”，他的发明也获得了多个奖项。
51. animals【解析】句意：这个目标可能有利于全世界的人和动物。根据“So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.”可知，他的目标是清理海洋垃圾，结合所给首字母a可推断，此处表达的是：这不仅有益于人类也有益于动物，animal动物，名词复数表示泛指，故答案是animals。
52. meet【解析】句意：令人惊讶的是，他好像要实现他的目标了。根据上文说到他有一个目标以及“Amazingly”可推断，这里要表达的是要实现这个目标了，meet one’s goal实现某人的目标，固定短语，故答案是meet。
53. pushed【解析】句意：他开始思考所有被水冲到海滩上的垃圾。根据句意和常识可知，这里指的是垃圾被水冲到海滩上，结合所给的首字母p可联想到，具有该意思单词是push；本句是一般现在时的被动语态，所以push要变成过去分词pushed，故答案是pushed。
54. centuries【解析】句意：它需要花上几个世纪才能分解。根据句型“It takes (sb.) some time to do sth.”可知，空处填的是表示时间的词；结合常识可知，有些塑料垃圾需要几百年才可能被分解，空处缺少的信息是：几百年；根据首字母提示，符合词意的单词是century百年，因为是概数，需要用复数表泛指，故答案是centuries。
55. present【解析】句意：海洋的现状很不好，令人非常担心，于是史莱特想做点什么来改变它。根据上文“Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes centuries to break down.”可知，这里讲的是海洋的现状很糟糕，很令人担忧，空处缺少的信息是：现在的，当前的；根据首字母提示，符合词意的单词是present，故答案是present。
56. machine【解析】句意：史莱特开始于一个想法，用一个不寻常的机器利用海洋的天然能源来“抓住”飘在水里的垃圾。根据“working on the invention”和“catch”可知，这里指的是可以抓垃圾的发明，结合常识和首字母推断，这里应该是机器machine；根据空前的“an”可知，此处用单数，故答案是machine。
57. received【解析】句意：很快，这个项目受到了很多人的关注。根据句意可知，这里指的是受到了许多人的关注，结合首字母，符合词意的单词是receive，因这里讲的是过去的事情，所以用过去式received，故答案是received。
58. donate【解析】句意：史莱特需要钱来做这个，所以他开始号召人们在网上为他的项目募捐，并筹集了超过200万美元！根据“ raised over $ 2 million”可知，空格处指的是募捐，结合首字母，符合词意的单词是donate，ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事，to后跟动词原形，故答案是donate。
59. valuable【解析】句意：不久之后，史莱特因其有意义且有价值的工作被联合国任命为“地球卫士”。
根据“Champion of the Earth”可知，能授予这个称号，一定是这个发明是有意义有价值的，空处应该是有价值的，valuable有价值的，故答案是valuable。
60. dream【解析】句意：但是史莱特的梦想仍在继续。根据上文可知，他已经受到肯定并获得了许多奖项，空前有个“but”，结合“He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.”可知，他的梦想仍在继续，dream梦想，根据“goes on”可知，此处用单数，故答案是dream。
十七
【2020 湖北省恩施州】
A new bridge was just opened on Oct. 24, 2018. It is the Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macao Bridge( HZMB). Its construction b 56． in December, 2009 and it was opened to traffic on Oct.24, 2018. It costs over 120 billion yuan . Now, it's the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. The bridge looks l 57． the letter “Y”. It's also regarded as one of the seven wonders of the modern world.
The HZMB is unique in many ways. It has a service life of 120 years, 20 years longer t 58． most bridges. It's not only a bridge but includes a tunnel and two islands. In one part, the bridge turns into a 6.7 km-long undersea tunnel that passes through two man-made islands.
The HZMB will make it much f 59． to travel among the three areas it connects. The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 60． between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes.
本文主要介绍了港珠澳大桥的建立以及它的独特之处。
56．began【解析】句意：它于2009年12月开始建设，2018年10月24日正式通车。根据 it was opened to traffic on Oct.24, 2018.可知，先开始建设，然后通车，根据in December, 2009，此处用一般过去时，故填began。
57．like【解析】句意：这座大桥看起来像字母“Y”。look like“看起来像”，故填like。
58．than【解析】句意：它的使用寿命为120年，比大多数桥梁长20年。根据longer可知，此处是比较级，故填than。
59．faster【解析】句意：港珠澳大桥将使其连接的三个地区之间的交通更加快捷。根据后文的“The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 60 between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes.”可知，这座大桥缩短了三个地区之间的旅行时间，因此更快了，根据much此处用比较级，故填faster。
60．time【解析】句意：这座Y形大桥将把香港和珠海之间的旅行时间从3小时缩短到30分钟。根据“ from three hours to just 30 minutes.”可知，此处表示缩短了旅行时间，故填time。
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阅读填空之首字母填空
根据首字母填空是考查词汇综合运用能力的一种较难的题型。它的特点是将一篇文章中若干个词“掏空”,留下该词的首字母,它既作为提示又作为限制,让我们根据短文的意思把单词拼写完整。
考生需通读全文,在字里行间捕捉信息,先易后难,既要理清逻辑,又要综合考虑。根据首字母填空考查范围极广,可以是英语知识的方方面面,还可能涉及其他学科,它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来,并且单词形式合理,符合语法规范,符合短文需要。
根据首字母填空的解题技巧如下:
看第一句动词的时态,确定本文的基本时态;
通读全文;
做题:看前后文确定词性,注意名词单复数、动词时态以及单词拼写;
(4)检查所填单词是否符合文意。
一
（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）
Ways to reduce food waste
Food waste is a big problem around the world. While some people t 1 away unwanted food, lots of people in other parts of the world face food shortages.
In order to reduce food waste, many c 2 in the world like German and France have food banks. People and grocery stores can give extra food to them and they can give the food to t 3 in need. Shanghai Oasis opened China’s first food bank in 2015. In five years, it saved seven million tons of food and h 4 760,000 people.
Many fruits and v 5 go to waste because they look ugly. For example, about 25 to 30 percent of carrots don't make it to the store because of their l 6 . So try to buy ugly food next time, since it is j 7 as good as “normal” food.
Many Chinese restaurants are telling people to o 8 dishes by using the “N-1”formula. “N” s 9 for the number of people in your group. So if you’re in a group of s 10 people, you should order five dishes.
To reduce food waste is a big task, and it needs time. Everyone can do something to make a difference.
二
（2021·湖北武汉市·中考真题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词，单词的第一个字母已给出
Susan is the daughter of the famous environmental scientist Clark. But the woman has become an environmentalist on her o 11 .
In 1992, the first UN Earth Summit(峰会) was held in Rio de Janeiro. Thousands of people from around the world h 12 for it to talk about the Earth’s tomorrow. Twelve-year-old Susan and three of her friends formed a group. They raised money to travel to Rio to a 13 the summit.
At the summit, Susan said that the state of the environment w 14 her a lot. “You don’t know how to fix the holes in our ozone layer (臭氧层). You don’t know how to bring back forests that once g 15 where there is now desert. If you don’t know how to fix the Earth, please stop b 16 it!” The six-minute speech silenced all the people and made them fall into deep thinking.
After that speech, Susan began to lead “two lives.” On the t 17 days, she was a schoolchild. But during her vacations, she s 18 internationally about the environment.
Now, nearly 30 years has passed since Susan made her Rio speech. Although many of the world’s environmental problems have only become w 19 , Susan does agree that some things are different now. More and more people give voice like Susan because they have realized the importance of the environment.
“Thirty years ago, I was fighting for my tomorrow. Now, I am fighting for the f 20 of my sons,” says Susan, now a mother of two, who has kept calling people's attention to climate change.
三
（2021·天津中考真题）
Electric cars may seem like a recent invention, but they’ve been around for years. In the early 1900s, there were more electric cars on the road than there were petrol (汽油) cars. At that time, petrol was e 21 compared with other fuels (燃料). W 22 petrol prices dropped and new technologies were developed, electric cars went out of fashion (过时). Instead, petrol cars became more p 23 because they could travel longer distances (距离) without stopping.
During the 20th century, petrol cars got bigger, heavier, and faster. They needed more fuel, and it c 24 more air pollution. For years, car makers didn’t worry about pollution. They didn’t worry about the amount of petrol cars used, e 25 . But when people began to realise that there was not enough oil on the earth, they asked car makers to produce more efficient (高效能的) and less polluting cars.
One m 26 of solving the problem was a “hybrid” car (混合动力车), one that ran partly on petrol and partly on electricity. Hybrid cars became popular in the 2000s when petrol prices went up and the prices of hybrid cars went d 27 .
An all-electric car uses no petrol. The problem, however, is that car batteries (电池) need to be recharged (再充电). That makes electric cars not so useful for long j 28 .
Many people are not p 29 with it. The government and car makers are w 30 together to develop safe, cheap, and useful electric cars. When people have these cars in the future, a petrol station may be a thing of the past.
四
（2021·江苏扬州市·中考真题）
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上，完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。（每空一词）
Chinese people started to build gardens more than 2,000 years ago. Chinese gardens are a special form of t 31 Chinese culture and art.
At the entrance to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall to screen（挡住）your view. This is to give you a pressed-in feeling, in order to later produce unexpected joy w 32 you turn around the hall to see the amazing rock formations（假山）and a big lake. The best e 33 is the Summer Palace.
Rock formations play an i 34 role in the design of a Chinese-style garden. Without them, a garden could not be considered a Chinese-style garden. They are as important to a Chinese-style garden as sculptures are to a European-style garden. Ge Garden in Yangzhou is famous for i 35 Four Seasons Rockeries（假山花园）.
G 36 in the south are mostly small in size. Chinese garden designers have used the method of “borrowing scenery with a mirror（镜子）” to create a sense of s 37 . A mirror is hung opposite a window to take in the outside scenery. A fine example of this is Pian Shi Shan Fang, a rockery in He Garden, Yangzhou. A big mirror is built into the wall of its west corridor. The whole garden will be s 38 in the mirror wherever the visitors are. A pool or a lake in a garden a 39 serves this purpose. A pool runs from south to north through the garden of Pian Shi Shan Fang. East of the rockery, a man-made moon is reflected（倒映）in the p 40 .
Whatever methods used, every effort is made to achieve the purpose of giving visitors a sense of space in the garden.
五
（2021·江苏连云港市·中考真题）
Paper, zhi was a Chinese invention. 2, 000 years ago, Chinese people i 41 papermaking. This zhi was made o 42 silk and was very expensive. Only the emperor and rich people could a 43 to use it. 1, 900 years ago, Cai Lun improved the paper-making process.
He made cheap jinzhi out of tree bark and old cloth. The improvement in paper-making spread zhi far and wide, and many different k 44 of zhi were made by Chinese people. Xuan paper, a type of high quality rice paper, best shows the charm of t 45 Chinese painting and calligraphy （书法）. Later, Chinese zhi spread to the West via the Chinese Silk Road.
六
（2020 南通市）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据各题所给首字母的提示，写出一个合适的英语单词完整正确的形式，使短文通顺。
Reyes Guana grew up in a poor Mexican family. He has seven brothers and sisters. His parents always had two jobs to make ends meet. At weekends, the whole f____66____ went to fields to work. When the children were young, they stayed in the car. As they grew o____67____, they worked, too.
As a boy, Guana was a “very shy” child who was very q___68___ in school. He had few friends but he had a good relationship with the school cleaner. He liked to call the friendly lady “Nike” because she usually wore Nike clothes and shoes. Nike was well organized and the boy liked h___69___ she made everything clean. He told her he wanted to be a cleaner, too. “Well, it’s good if you want to be a cleaner,” Nike said to little Guana with k___70___. “But make sure you go to college and make it as one of your steps there.”
Guana also looked up to the principal (校长) of his school. He was a tall and good-looking man. Also, he always went to someone in n____71____. The principal told the boy that his job was to help students and teachers. “Wow, when I grow up, I want to do what you’re doing.” “Well, you can do it!” the principal r___72___. Guana did get there, and the two men remain friends. The former principal is now almost 90 years old.
But b___73___ becoming a school principal, Guana followed in Nike’s footsteps and worked for three schools in Lodi, California. And being a cleaner at a school made him think about how to show respect for everyone in an organization. In Guana’s school system today, everyone is i____74____ to parties and events. Everyone is important not only the people who clean the floors or drive the buses but also the people who teach the students or lead the schools.
He never f___75___ where he came from, or how he felt. Now, Guana tells his own three children how important an education is for their lives.
七
（2020 泰州市）
根据短文内容及首字母提示，补全空格内单词，使短文完整、通顺（请在答题卡上写出完整单词）。
Sometimes we fall in love with something at once and sometimes it takes long. The same is true with poems. If we were lucky e_____71_____, we open a book and find a poem that attracts us at once. But usually we need to spend a little t_____72_____ or make a little effort to truly understand a poem. Today I’d like to talk about reading poems in ways that make the experience better.
Reading a poem repeatedly will deepen your understanding of it. Sometimes a poem that seems b_____73_____ on first reading becomes interesting with more reading. A poem that feels meaningless becomes deeper and more meaningful. And sometimes you’re just not in the right mood the first time you read a poem, but l_____74_____ it touches your heart.
Keep a d_____75_____ at hand when you are reading poems. Poets like to use unusual words. Instead of skipping over (跳过) these words or trying to g____76____ their meanings, look them up.
Read aloud and listen to the poem. Reading aloud will make the poem’s rhythm clear. Besides, a poet’s reading is very helpful b_____77_____ we can understand the poem’s meanings from where the poet places emphasis (强调) or pauses (停顿).
After you finish reading a poem, take a few moments to consider w_____78_____it is saying. Sometimes its meanings are better understood t_____79_____ repeated reading. Other times they need our careful and deep thought on a poem.
It is h_____80_____ to say whether there’s a right or wrong way to read poems, but reading practices will enrich your experience, increase your enjoyment, and deepen your understanding of any poem.
八
（2020 徐州市）
A）根据短文内容及首字母提示，写出所缺单词，使短文完整、通顺。
It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begun. Everyone was silent, waiting to see w_____61_____ would be called to read his or her article aloud. Some of us were confident and couldn’t wait to take p_____62_____ in the class activity; others were nervous. I had done my homework, but I was shy — I was a_____63_____ to speak in front of a large group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father o_____64_____ said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that i_____65_____ learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.” Immediately, I raised my hand.
九
（2020 盐城市）
（三）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
Dear Peter
I'm so excited. Guess what—it's my Dad's 40th b___71___ next week, so we’re going to London to celebrate it! Cool, uh
We're flying over on Thursday evening. As soon as we a___72___, we’ll go on a tour of the city. We'll take a trip on the River Thames, which divides the city into two parts. This way, we can see almost every place of i___73___in London.
On F___74___morning, were going to the Tate Modern. Since it's not f___75___from our hotel, we’re going to the London Eye. I can’t w___76___to see the Houses of Parliament from up there!
Saturday is for s___77___. Mum advises me to buy a teddy bear for my cousin as a p___78___. We’re going to Portobello Road in the morning. Then in the afternoon, we'll visit Harrods—the most famous shop in London! Dad’s not very happy about it, but I'm sure he'll e___79___it when we're there.
On Sunday morning, were going to Hyde Park, and we’re going home by p____80____in the afternoon.
It's my dream trip—and it's happening!
Hope everything’s OK with you.
Lots of love
Cynthia
十
（2020 扬州市）
根据短文内容和首字母提示, 在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。在答题卡标有题号的横线上, 完整地写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。
Our lives changed tracks the day our son was born. We w ____66____ whether we should move back to our home country Brazil. I remember looking down at our newborn baby and thinking about how different his life would be there.
During the ten years away from my big family and my culture, I missed the delicious foods, samba, Brazilian jujitsu(柔术), and sunny skies. My wife m____67____ our homeland too. As a musician, it would be e____68____ for her to do her work in Brazil. But in the United Kingdom, I had the funding and lab resources for my research. Would such a move be a disadvantage to my career
A few weeks later, my brother called from Brazil, telling me that our father had passed away. The great happiness I felt about my son’s birth suddenly gave way to deep s____69____. We had no doubt it was the right time to r ____70____ to Brazil. We applied for the professor positions at a university in our hometown and b____71____ received offers.
H ____72____, it wasn’t easy getting started with my research in Brazil. I didn’t receive any start-up funding for my lab. Now, thanks to Brazilian funding, I have a team of bright young scientists and can a____73____ expensive lab resources.
We are living the lives we wanted to live-working on rewarding research and feeling closer to our family and c ____74____in our home country. My son is growing up close to his cousins. I take up Brazilian jujitsu training, which I haven’t been able to do during my years a_____75_____. My wife and I feel happy to find a way home.
十一
（2020 镇江市）
根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
A man had a garden. He planted a rose and watered it c___46___. Before the rose blossomed(盛开), he noticed many thorns(刺) around the bud(花蕾) and he thought, “H___47___ can any beautiful flower come from a plant with so many sharp thorns ” Because of this i___48___, he lost interest in this kind of plant, then he gave up watering the rose. And just b___49___ it was ready to blossom, it died.
Good qualities are just like roses. There is a rose in e___50___ spirit. The good qualities planted in us at birth, grow among the thorns — our weaknesses. Many of us look at o___51___ and we only see our weaknesses. We lose heart, thinking that n___52___ good can possibly come from us. We give up watering the roses in us, and slowly they die. We never realize the g___53___ of being able to find out our good qualities.
Someone may not see the rose in himself, so we need to help him d___54___ the rose. With love, we can accept a person into our life, even though we know his true weaknesses. At the same time, we should e____55____ him to face his weaknesses bravely and correct them. Then he will blossom many times.
十二
（2020 上海市）
"Meatballs again？I hate meatballs!" Henry cried loudly． "I'm not eating this!" Henry's mum and dad looked at each other．This was the second time this week that Henry had c81． about his dinner．
"We're going to let you take over dinnertime．You can pick the food and cook your meals，'Mum said．
"Good．We're going to eat good food every night!" Henry answered．
The next day，Henry sat down to write the meal p82．"We're going to have chicken tonight，and noodles tomorrow，" Henry said．
"Are we going to have anything e83．besides chicken？We need to have at least one vegetable for each meal，"，said Mum．
"We can have cabbage，"Henry said．
After he finished shopping，it was time to make his f84．meal．He believed that this would be his favourite meal．Since he had never cooked，his parents were both there to help him． "There's a lot to do，"Henry thought，as he looked at the mess in the kitchen．He was usually playing games outside while his parents were making dinner．
It took almost two hours to cook．When dinner was finally finished，Henry was tired and h85．．But he was so excited—he made dinner!
"I don't like cabbage，" cried Sophia，Henry's little sister，at the table．Henry felt quite upset．He had worked so hard on dinner，but it was i86．to get everyone happy about every part of every meal!
"I'm sorry．I didn't know this could be so hard，" Henry felt like he might cry．He began to r87．how his parents felt every time at the dinner table．
"It's 0K，Henry．You worked really hard．We' ll take back dinner responsibilities． You'll have to do it enough when you're grown up，"Dad said．
Henry felt released．He happily finished his dinner and never got angry at dinner table again．
十三
（2020 四川攀枝花）
Mother Love is true love. It gives everybody everything through his whole life. W61．you are still a baby, mother takes good care of you as much as possible. In your waking hours she always holds you in her a62．. When you are ill, she stops her work at once to look after you day and night and forgets about h63．.
When you are g64．up day by day, mother feels very happy. When you are old e65．to go to school, mother still looks after you all the time. On cold winter days, she always tells you to put on more clothes. She always stands in the wind waiting for you back f66．school. When you hurry to leave home for school with little breakfast, she always feels w67．about you at home. She usually knows your study and s68．much money on your school things. When you do well at school, the brightest smile will be seen on her f69．.
Mother is always ready to give everything she h70．to her children, but not to receive. What true love that is in the world！We will remember Mother Love forever.
十四
（2020 天津市）
Have you ever heard the saying, “Home, sweet home’ This is just another way of saying that it’s n56． to be home! A lot of the people and things we love are at home.
What do you like about being at home
What do you like best about being at home Maybe you like to play with your brothers and sisters. Maybe you e57． staying with your mum and dad. Maybe you have a pet you like to play with. Spending time with your family is one thing that makes being at home special.
Your bedroom is a58． thing that makes home special. Your toys, your books, and your favourite things are in your bedroom. Consider what you like best about your room. Is it how it looks Is it your comfortable b59． that you sleep on Maybe you like to have a q60． place to read a book or to think about your day.
Mealtime can be a special time at home. Families sit around the table to eat the food Mum or Dad has prepared. It’s a time to share interesting s61． about your day.
How do you help at home
There are a lot of things to do to make home a special place. Who does the chores (家庭杂务) l62． cleaning, cooking, and yardwork (庭院劳动) at your house When families work t63． to do the chores, it makes them easier and more fun for everyone. Maybe you can h64． lay the dinner table or clear the places. Maybe you can pull weeds (草) out of the flower garden. Maybe you can water the vegetable garden or the houseplants. Think about what you can do, so that w65． you come home every day, you can say, “Home, sweet home!”
十五
【2020 湖北省咸宁市】
短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处写出适当的单词，单词首字母已给出。(有的词请注意词形的变化！)
When I was a child, my mom liked to make food for dinner every now and then. One night she made d___41___ after a long, hard work.
That evening, my mom placed a plate of eggs, sausages and burned (烤焦的) c___42___ in front of my dad. I was waiting to s___43___ if anyone would say anything. Yet my dad just reached for his cookies, smiled a___44___ my mom and asked me how my day was at school. I didn't remember what I told him that night, b___45___ I clearly remembered watching him eat every bite of the cookies!
When I got up from the table that evening I heard my mom apologize (道歡) to my dad for b___46___ the cookies. And I will never forget what he s___47___: "Dear, I love the burned cookies."
Later that night, I went to kiss Dad goodnight and I a___48___ him if he really liked his burned cookies. He hugged me and said: "Your mom had a h___49___ work today, and she's very tired. Besides, a little burned cookie never hurts a____50____!"
Life is f____51____ of imperfect (不完美的) things and imperfect people. We n____52____ to learn to accept each other's faults (过失) and enjoy each other's differences. Try to understand it and change our mind.
十六
【2020 武汉市】
阅读下面短文，在空白处写出各单词的正确形式，单词的第一个字母已给出。
Boyan Slat has one huge goal. It's a goal that could be good for people and a____51____all over the world. Amazingly, it looks like he's going to m____52____his goal.
When he was 16 Dutch engineering student Slat was on vacation in Greece, and he started to think about all the rubbish that is p____53____onto beaches by water. The oceans around the world are all of plastic—millions of tons of plastic. Unfortunately, plastic doesn't just disappear. It takes c____54____to break down (分解).
The p____55____situation of the oceans is bad and worrying and Slat wanted to do something to change it. So he made it a personal goal to clean up the rubbish in the world's oceans.
Slat started with an idea for an unusual m____56____to "catch" the plastic floating (漂浮) in the water using the natural energy of the ocean. He left school in 2013 to begin work on his project The Ocean Cleanup. Soon, the project r____57____a lot of attention.
A year later, he was leading a team of 100 scientists and engineers working on the invention. Slat needed money for this, so he started asking people to d____58____to his project online and raised over $ 2 million!
Soon after, Slat was named a "Champion of the Earth" by the United Nations for his meaningful and v____59____ work. It's the most important title the UN gives to people helping the environment. The Ocean Cleanup also won several awards (奖项) for having one of the best inventions of 2015. But the d_____60_____goes on for Slat. He hopes that the oceans will be free of plastic in about twenty or thirty years.
十七
【2020 湖北省恩施州】
A new bridge was just opened on Oct. 24, 2018. It is the Hong Kong Zhuhai-Macao Bridge( HZMB). Its construction b 56． in December, 2009 and it was opened to traffic on Oct.24, 2018. It costs over 120 billion yuan . Now, it's the longest cross-sea bridge in the world. The bridge looks l 57． the letter “Y”. It's also regarded as one of the seven wonders of the modern world.
The HZMB is unique in many ways. It has a service life of 120 years, 20 years longer t 58． most bridges. It's not only a bridge but includes a tunnel and two islands. In one part, the bridge turns into a 6.7 km-long undersea tunnel that passes through two man-made islands.
The HZMB will make it much f 59． to travel among the three areas it connects. The Y-shapes bridge will cut travel t 60． between Hong Kong and Zhuhai from three hours to just 30 minutes.
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