U4发音与读音—初中英语48个音标-自然拼读-构词法讲义

第一单元：字母及其读音
英文字母共有 26 个，分成三大类：
1. 一类是纯元音字母，共 4 个，纯元音字母在单词中发作元音；
2. 一类是半元音半辅音字母，共 4 个，在单词中既可发作元音也可发作辅音；
3. 一类是辅音字母，共 20 个，辅音字母在单词中发作辅音。
纯元音字母（4 个）
Aa Ee Ii Oo
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
半元音半辅音字母（2 个）
Uu Yy
[ ] [ ]
备注：
传统理论一般将 Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu 五个字母当作元音字母。
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辅音字母（20 个）
Bb Cc Dd Ff
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
Gg Hh Jj Kk
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
Ll Mm Nn Pp
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
Qq Rr Ss Tt
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
Vv Ww Xx Zz
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
按字母所含元音分类：
包含元音 相关字母
[ ] Aa Hh Jj Kk
[ ] Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx
[ ] Bb Cc Dd Ee Gg Pp Tt Vv Zz
[ ] Ii Yy
[ ] Oo
[ ] Qq Uu Ww
[ ] Rr
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第二单元：元音字母在单词中的发音
Aa：
▲ 属于重读音时(在单音节单词或多个音节中)：
1. 开音节中读字母音 [ ]，比如：
snake game date cave age grade
make name fate gave page able
lake came hate save cage baby
take fame Kate wave range lady
made frame late wake cable famous
sale cane plate face table crazy
grape lane rate race chase nature
* 特殊情况下也会读成 [ ]，比如：have - family - apple - animal - Spanish
2. 闭音节中，读接近“字体”的音 [ ]，比如：
cat at bag back pants carrot
hat act flag pack hang candy
fat and drag black bang Canada
cap brand can snack land panda
map grand fan bank ran blanket
mad math man tank brand language
3. 部分单词中英国人喜欢读成 [ ]，而美国人喜欢读成[ ]。比如：
ask - fast - last - past - father - basketball - banana - tomato - bath
class - glass - grass - pass - dance - plant
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▲ 非重读音时：
1. 不重读时，主要发成非重读音 [ ]，比如：
at - and - ago - about - above - attention - amazing - ability - absolutely
panda - banana - sofa - Canada - cinema - library - Singapore - island
woman - postman - Germany - magazine - dictionary - vegetable
2. 不重读时，也会发成非重读音 [ ]，比如：
orange - cabbage - message - passage - language - village
▲ 其它一些情况下的读音：
[ ] water - salt - almost - also - always - although - already
[ ] wash - want - quality - restaurant
[ ] 跟字母 r 搭配：parents - area
[ ] any - anything - anyone - many - anywhere
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Ee：
▲ 属于重读音时(在单音节单词或多个音节中)：
1. 开音节中读字母音 [ ]，比如：
Chinese - Japanese - he - she - me - we
* 部分情况下也会读成 [ ]，比如：eleven - seven - settle - better - clever
2. 闭音节中读字体音 [ ]，比如：
egg get yes pen lecture gentle
beg let left ten swept spend
leg wet next when twelve splendid
red set help well twenty question
bed mess fetch smell rent attention
▲ 非重读音时：
1. 不重读时，可以发成非重读音 [ ]，比如：
them - children - kitchen - garden - open - eleven - student
2. 不重读时，也会发成非重读音 [ ]，比如：
elect enough excuse eraser decide added
eleven enjoy expect pretty devote listed
elephant exam expensive chicken degree buses
elevator example especial behind delicious wishes
English excited escape because college founded
▲ 其它情况下的读音：
[ ] 跟字母 r 搭配：hero - period - zero
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Ii：
▲ 属于重读音时(在单音节单词或多个音节中)：
1. 开音节中读字母音 [ ]，比如：
life fine bite dice die idea
wife line kite mice lie island
knife nine bike rice pie tiger
five wine like price tie China
dive mine Mike smile society
2. 开音节中，有时也会读成长元音 [ ]，比如：
police - pizza - machine - magazine
* 特殊情况下也会读成 [ ]，比如：city - prison - differ
3. 闭音节中：
a. 闭音节中，主要读成字体音 [ ]，比如：
pig bill it did is in
big hill bit hid his ring
fig kill fit kid kiss sing
wig till hit mid miss king
kick will sit middle lip wing
pick fish six him nip picnic
sick wish fix swim tip picture
lick chick mix slim zip trick
b. 闭音节中，有时也会读成字母音 [ ]，比如：
child - wild - find - kind
▲ 非重读音时，主要发成非重读音 [ ]，比如：
giraffe - cousin - holiday - family - possible - principle - pencil - pupil - April
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Oo：
▲ 属于重读音时(在单音节单词或多个音节中)：
1. 开音节中，读字母音 [ ]，比如：
go kilo nose joke bone over
no potato pose woke phone open
so photo rose home alone November
toe sofa note lonely lone October
2. 开音节中，有时也会读成单元音 [ ]，比如：
above - love - done - none - glove - come - does - other - onion - mother
* 特殊情况下也会读成 [ ]，比如：orange - olive - comic - problem - holiday
3. 闭音节中：
a. 闭音节中，主要读成字体音 [ ]，比如：
fox hot ox long contest hobby
box sock on song chopsticks Moscow
cox shop front body doctor hospital
dog lost October sorry possible robot
b. 闭音节中，有时也会读成以下音：
[ ] only - old - cold - told - gold - sold
[ ] won - monkey - London - wonderful - Monday - month - company
[ ] wolf - woman
▲ 非重读音时，主要发成非重读音 [ ]，比如：
robot - onion
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Uu：
◆ 当作元音字母发音时：
▲ 属于重读音时(在单音节单词或多个音节中)：
1. 开音节中，读字母包含的元音 [ ]，比如：
rule - rude - glue - true - issue - June
2. 闭音节中，读单元音 [ ]，比如：
duck upset but fun umbrella puppy
fuck upstairs cut gun up funny
suck uncle nut run cup bunny
luck under just sun mum hurry
lunch understand judge us mud subway
▲ 非重读音时，发成非重读音 [ ]，比如：
autumn - museum - upon - unless - until
▲ 其它一些情况下的读音：
[ ] push - put - pull - July
[ ] minute - busy - business - businessman
◆ 当作非元音字母发音时：
use - usual - usually - excuse - cute - huge - pupil - student
[ ] music - super - Tuesday - value - museum
argue - mule - fuse - schedule
不发音 buy - build - guy - guest - guide
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Yy：
◆ 当作元音字母发音时：
▲ 属于重读音时(在单音节单词或多个音节中)：
1. 开音节中，读字母包含的元音 [ ]，比如：
eye - bye - why - try - guy - fly - buy - type - nylon - dying - lying - myself
2. 闭音节中，读单元音 [ ]，比如：
funny lady busy lazy worry hobby
many study easy pity angry happy
sunny body noisy plenty country Germany
rainy ready silly pretty factory university
snowy windy usually thirsty secretary strawberry
◆ 当作非元音字母发音时：
[ ] yes - yellow - yet - yeah - year - you - your - yard - young
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第三单元：辅音字母在单词中的发音
字母 读音 例词
back - bad - bar - best - beg - beautiful - bee - beer - bear
beat - big - bike - boat - both - board - Bob - bored - but [ ]
bought - bye - busy - blind - bring - build - table - fibre
Bb cube - hobby - bill
不发音 climb - doubt
rice - nice - mice - face - juice - price - science - space [ ]
exercise - city
Cc cook - come - courious - camp - can - Canadian - cartoon
[ ] clock - climb - clever - second - basic - traffic - picnic
cry - act
dad - dark - date - day - daily - daughter - dear - dare
dead - desk - deal - decide - December Dd [ ] did - die - dinner - dirty - duty - during
do - does - done - down - kid - made - lady - word
farm - farmer - fat - face - father - farther - family - four
foot - feet - fox - fork - five - fifty - fit - fish - finger - fix
Ff [ ] fan - fight - first - fetch - fun - funny - fair
friend - fruit - fridge - frog - floor - fly - flag - flat
life - wife - knife - leaf - traffic - giraffe
go - got - goal - goat - gain - garden - gave - game - glass
get - forget - give - girl - gift - good - gone - gun - guy [ ] glad - glue- green - grow - grass - great - greet - group
big - fig - beg - bag - frog - bigger - garage - target
Gg
cage - page - marriage - George - garage - vegetable [ ] German - giraffe - geography
不发音 foreign
hen - her - heavy - hello - happy - have - half - hall - hate [ ]
hi - him - high - host - hotel - hurry - husband - history
Hh
不发音 hour - honest
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字母 读音 例词
jeep - jam - James - Japan - Japanese - Jimmy
Jj [ ] job - join - just - juice - jacket - June - July - jump
jet - journey - judge - jewelry - reject - adject - project
key - keep -kept - kick - kangaroo - kiss - kite - king - kid [ ] kind - work - fork - ask - cook - cake - make - lake - snake
Kk
不发音 know - knew - knee - knife
light - life - lie - little - live - last - late - lake - lay - law - lamp
[ ] laugh - less - let - learn - leave - living - lick - list - lose
lost - long - lot - low - loud - lower - ruler
Ll
pencil - school - little - bottle - apple - sale - salt - film - felt [ ~ ] silk - almost - helmet
me - mouse - mouth - month - may - marry - mad - man
Mm [ ] meet - medicine - mind - miss - might - mine - model
more - moment - must - much - museum - swim - summer
noodle - nor - name - nail - nature - need - near - nervous
Nn [ ] nice - nine - night - no - not - now - note - nut - nurse
number - sunny - bunny - thinner
park - pain - paint - paper - patient - period - perfect
person - pear - pig - pink - pilot - pick - picture - post [ ] point - popular - position - put - purple - practise
Pp pretty - happy - puppy
不发音 receipt
question - quiet - quite - quick - quit - quilt - queen
qu [ ] quest - quarter - quarrel - quality - quantity
黄金搭档 square - liquid - request
rabbit - rather - raise - read - rest - really - receive
request - ride - risk - ring - river - right - rice - rise Rr [ ] row - road - rode - Mary - ruler - rude
worry - hurry - carry - sorry - berry - borrow
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字母 读音 例词
sea - see - set - saw - say - sad - save - said - sailing
sausage - same - service - search - sing - sick - since - sign [ ] song - situation - course - horse - worse - this - else - mess
mass - boss - miss - business
Ss
rose - nose - close - house - his - has - ours - yours - noise [ ] visit - these - those - sometimes - busy - season - museum
[ ] sure - surely
toy - toe - toilet - Tom - taste - take - talk - tall - tell - term
Tt terrible - till - time - tired - too - touch - top - turn - type [ ] get - let - wet - street - beat - meet - hit - turtle - better
letter - butterfly - cigarette - hotter - Scott - little - bottle
vest - vegetable - version - vase - value - vacation - very
Vv every - visit - vedio - river - fever - ever - never - view [ ] village - voice - volume - vote - five - live - cave - save
vocabulary - favourite - avoid
watch - warm - want - we - were - wear - well - was - wet
[ ] win - will - with - without - worry - work - wonder - would
Ww Wednesday
不发音 write - wrist - answer - sword
[ ] fox - box - fix - next - exercise - excuse - expensive
Xx
[ ] exam - example
Zz [ ] zoo - zero - dozen
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第四单元：元音字母组合在单词中的发音
字母 情况 读音 例词
train - brain - Spain - daily - gain - main - tail 重读 [ ]
ai nail - rail - railway - wait - paint - afraid
轻读 [ ] captain - certain - Britain - mountain
aigh [ ] straight
air [ ] chair - air - fair - hair - pair - repair - stair
[ ] chalk - walk - talk
al [ ] almost - also - always - although - already - salt
[ ] half - calm - palm
all [ ] ball - all - call - tall - fall - wall - hall - mall - small
car - bar - star - far - card - hard - hardly - art
part - start - smart - dark - park - mark - darling
重读 [ ] march - artist - farther - party - carbon - yard
garden - garbage - arm - harm - farm - yarn
ar large - market - target - sharp
轻读 [ ] dollar - sugar - solar - Edward
其它 [ ] war - warm - toward - wharf
[ ] are
are
[ ] hare - care - dare - fare - spare - prepare - share
sausage - caution - because - fault - pause 重读 [ ]
au August - autumn - author - audience
其它 [ ] aunt
[ ] daughter - naughty - taught - caught
augh
[ ] laugh - laughter
aw [ ] paw - law - saw - draw - awesome - strawberry
crayon - may - say - bay - lay - way - stay - play ay [ ] day - today - Monday - Tuesday - Sunday
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字母 情况 读音 例词
an [ ] bank - tank - drank
ang [ ] hang - bang - dang - lang
tea - sea - clean - teacher - meat - bean - beach [ ]
ease - easy - each - eat - eager - eagle
bread - thread - head - headache - dead
ready - heavy - instead - death - breath - health ea [ ] sweater - breakfast - weather - feather - pleasure
measure - read(过去式)
[ ] great - break
[ ] idea - area - really - theatre
ear - hear - near - clear - dear - fear - spear - year [ ]
gear - tear (n.)
[ ] bear - pear - wear - swear - tear (v.) ear
[ ] earth - earn - early - learn - heard - research
[ ] heart
bee - see - fee - knee - three - agree - degree
ee feet - meet - beef - seed - deed - feed - deep [ ]
jeep - keep - feel - heel - steel - week - teen
seen - keen - been - green - sheep - employee
eer [ ] beer - cheer - deer - engineer - pioneer
重读 [ ] ceiling - seize - receive - receipt
ei 轻读 [ ] foreign
其它 [ ] either - neither
[ ] eight - weigh - weight
eigh
[ ] height
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字母 情况 读音 例词
her - term - serve - certain - person - German - 重读 [ ]
version - perfect - nervous - service - university
tiger - farmer - brother - mother - sister - waiter
player - younger - teacher - driver - weather
er
轻读 [ ] whether - lawyer - fisher - other - thinner - older
dinner - erazer - October - winter - flower - ever
power - shower - computer - exercise - perform
其它 [ ] clerk
[ ] here - merely
ere
[ ] there - where
[ ] new - few - knew
ew [ ] blew - grew
[ ] sew - sewing
eu [ ] Europe - European
eau [ ] beautiful - beauty
重读 [ ] key
ey 重读 [ ] they - grey
donkey - monkey - honey - money - valley 轻读 [ ]
journey - whiskey
[ ] length
eng
[ ] English
[ ] January
ua
[ ] February
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字母 情况 读音 例词
[ ] blue - true - glue
ue [ ] value - argue - Tuesday
不发音 tongue
[ ] fruit - juice - suit
ui
[ ] ruin - fluid - suicide
nurse - burn - surf - turn - fur - murder - hurt 重读 [ ]
ur Thursday - urgent - hamburger
轻读 [ ] Saturday - survive
[ ] sure - surely
ure [ ] cure - pure
[ ] figure
[ ] Italian - Australian
ia [ ] marriage - carriage
[ ] dial - diary - diamond - dialogue
iar [ ] familiar
重读 [ ] believe - piece - field
轻读 [ ] barbie
ie 其它 [ ] die
其它 [ ] quiet
其它 [ ] friend
igh [ ] high - night - light - bright - right - might - tight
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字母 情况 读音 例词
ire [ ] fire - hire - wire - retire - tire - admire
ir bird - first - girl - sir - dirty - shirt - birth [ ] thirteen - thirty - thirsty - third
iu [ ] stadium
ing ring - sing - king - finger - thing - spring - hiking [ ] evening - anything - dining - boating - nothing
oa [ ] boat - coat - goat - road - load - goal - coach
oar [ ] board - blackboard - roar
[ ] toe
oe
[ ] poet - poem
oi [ ] coin - join - soil - noise - point - toilet
[ ] strong - song - wrong - long - longer
ong
[ ] tongue
moon - noon - afternoon - spoon - room
长音 [ food - mood - noodles ] school - fool - cool - boot - root
zoo - kangaroo - bamboo - tooth - loose
oo book - look - took - hook - shook - cook
短音 [ ] good - stood - hood - wood - understood
wool - foot
其它 [ ] flood - blood
oor [ ] door - poor - floor
ore [ ] more - before - score - store - fore - wore
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字母 情况 读音 例词
or - order - for - corner - forty - fork - born - short 重读 [ ] report - story
or doctor - actor - honor - author - tractor - labor 轻读 [ ] correct - investor - inventor - mayor - neighbor
其它 [ ] word - world - work - worse - worth - worm
重读 [ ] soul - mould
house - mouse - mouth - south - count - about 重读 [ ] loud - sound - cloudy - mountain
ou
重读 [ ] soup - group - you
重读 [ ] young - country - cousin - touch - double
轻读 [ ] famous - nervous
oul [ ] would - could - should
[ ] thought - fought - bought
[ ] through
[ ] though - although
ough
[ ] plough - bough
[ ] cough
[ ] enough - tough
snow - slow - row - know - bowl - show - low
[ ] follow - tomorrow - narrow - window
ow shadow - Moscow - fellow - borrow - yellow
[ ] cow - how - now - wow - down - brown - crowded
oy [ ] boy - toy - Roy - joy - enjoy
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字母 情况 读音 例词
重读 [ ] our - hour - flour
重读 [ ] tour - tourist - tourism
our 重读 [ ] four - your - pour - course
重读 [ ] journey - journalist
轻读 [ ] colo(u)r - hono(u)r - neighbo(u)r - favo(u)rite
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第五单元：部分辅音字母组合在单词中的发音
字母 读音 例词
bu~ [ ] buy - build (字母 u 不发音)
China - child - children - change - chance - charge
[ ] check - cheap - cheer - cheese - choice - choose - beach
ch~ chocolate - sandwich - each - teach - teacher - March
~ch [ ] ache - stomach - toothache - chemistry - character
[ ] machine
~ck [ ] pick - kick - lick - sick - back - quick - check
~cian [ ] musician - magician - technician
~cious [ ] delicious - precious
~dge [ ] bridge - edge - fridge - knowledge - judge
dr~ [ ] dry - draw - drew - drop - drive - driver - dream - drink
beds - birds - words - seeds - kids - kinds - seeds - olds
~ds [ ] goods - friends - seconds - finds - stands - builds
~des [ ] sides - hides - guides - decides - trades - includes
[ ] guitar - guide - guy - guard - guess - guest (字母 u 不发音)
gu~
[ ] language
gh~ [ ] ghost (字母 h 不发音)
kn~ [ ] knife - knee - know - knowledge - knock (字母 k 不发音)
~lian [ ] Italian - Australian
~llion [ ] million - billion - trillion
~lure [ ] failure
~mn [ ] autumn (字母 n 不发音)
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字母 读音 例词
~mb [ ] climb - bomb (字母 b 不发音)
ph [ ] photo - phone - elephant - physics - graphic - phrase
question - quiet - quite - quick - quit - quilt - queen
qu~ [ ] quest - liquid - quarter - request - quarrel - quality
quantity - earthquake
[ ] science - scientist - scissors
sc~
[ ] scale - score - scarf - scared - Scott (浊化)
sch~ [ ] school - scheme - schedule
ship - shit - shift - shall - shape - share - sheep - sheet
sh~ [ ] she - shirt - shoe - show - short - shout - shut - Spanish
shadow - sushi - wash - wish - fish - finish - fresh - shy
[ ] vision - decision - conclusion - occasion
~sion
[ ] discusion
~ssion [ ] mission - impression
~sure [ ] treasure - pleasure - measure
~ssure [ ] pressure
~stle [ ] whistle (字母 t 不发音)
thank - think - thin - third - thought - three - method [ ] tooth - mouth - maths - health - breath
th~ this - that - there - these - those - they - them - than
[ ] then - the - either - neither - other - breathe - mother
father - without - leather - feather - weather - whether
tch [ ] match - catch - watch - fetch - switch - scratch - kitchen
action - nation - motion - vacation - vocation [ ]
tion attention - translation - exhibition - dictionary ~
[ ] question - suggestion
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字母 读音 例词
~ture [ ] picture - lecture - nature - temperature - culture
tree - true - tray - try - treat - trade - track - trick - trunk tr~ [ ] tradition - tractor
boats - seats - costs - beats - lots - meets - streets
~ts [ ] lights - fruits - parents - puts - hits - lets - gets - waits
let’s - what’s
~tes [ ] votes - notes - hates - writes - tastes - classmates
[ ] what - which - where - when - why
wh~
[ ] who - whose
wr~ [ ] write - wrist - wrote - wrap - wrong (字母 w 不发音)
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