U1元音—初中英语48个音标-自然拼读-构词法讲义

48 个音标
英文共有 48 个音标，分成二大类：
一类是元音，共 20 个，相当于汉语中的“韵母”，
一类是辅音，共 28 个，相当于汉语中的“声母”。
元音（20 个）
单元音 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
长元音 [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ] [ ]
双元音 [ ] [ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]
辅音（28 个）
[ ] [ ] [ ] 清辅音
爆破音
[ ] [ ] [ ] 浊辅音
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 清辅音
摩擦音
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] 浊辅音
破擦音 [ ] [ ] [ ] 清辅音
（双辅
音） [ ] [ ] [ ] 浊辅音
鼻音 [ ] [ ] [ ]
舌侧音 [ ] [ ]
半元音 [ ] [ ]
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U1-1. 元音-单元音：
单元音指单个的元音，因为发音一般较短，所以也叫短元音。根据发音部位及嘴
形的不同，我们又将单元音分成三小组：
喉咙底部音 喉咙中部音 喉咙顶部音
3 个喉咙音
[ ] [ ] [ ]
发音位置

例词
扁嘴音 圆嘴音
2 个嘴巴音
[ ] [ ]
参考嘴形

例词
发单元音要
“短而促”
小张嘴音 大张嘴音
2 个嘴+喉音
[ ] [ ]
参考嘴形

例词
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[ ]
pig bill it did is in
big hill bit hid his ring
fig kill fit kid kiss sing
wig till hit mid miss king
kick will sit middle lip wing
pick fish six him nip picnic
sick wish fix swim tip picture
lick chick mix slim zip trick
elect enough excuse eraser decide added
eleven enjoy expect pretty devote listed
elephant exam expensive chicken degree buses
elevator example especial behind delicious wishes
English excited escape because college founded
funny lady busy lazy worry hobby
many study easy pity angry happy
sunny body noisy plenty country Germany
rainy ready silly pretty factory university
snowy windy usually thirsty secretary strawberry
a orange - cabbage - message - passage - language - village
i city - prison - differ - barbie
u minute - busy - business - businessman
ey donkey - monkey - honey - money - valley - journey - whiskey
ia marriage - carriage
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[ ]
egg get yes pen lecture gentle
beg let left ten swept spend
leg wet next when twelve splendid
red set help well twenty question
bed mess fetch smell rent attention
a any - anything - anyone - many - anywhere
e eleven - seven - settle - better - clever
bread -e thread - head - headache - dead - ready - heavy - instead
ea death - breath - health - sweater - breakfast - weather - feather
read(过去式) - leasure - measure
ie friend
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[ ]
at - and - ago - about - above - attention - amazing - ability
a panda - banana - sofa - Canada - cinema - library - island
woman - Germany - magazine - dictionary - vegetable
e them - children - kitchen - garden - open - eleven - student
i pencil - pupil - April - cousin - holiday - family - possible - giraffe
o robot - onion
u until - upon - unless - autumn - museum
ai captain - certain - Britain - mountain
ar dollar - sugar - solar - Edward
ei foreign
sister - waiter - winter - computer - farmer - power - shower
tiger - younger - driver - dinner - thinner- older - flower - ever
er
other - brother - mother - weather - whether - erazer - fisher
player - lawyer - teacher - exercise - October
ur Saturday - survive - figure
or doctor - actor - author - labor - correct - inventor - investor - mayor
o(u)r colo(u)r - hono(u)r - neighbo(u)r - favo(u)rite
ou famous - nervous
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[ ]
u push - put - pull - July - ruin
o wolf - woman
oo book - look - hook - shook - cook - good - hood - wood - wool - foot
took - stood - understood
oul would - could - should
[ ]
fox hot ox long contest hobby
box sock on song chopsticks Moscow
cox shop front body doctor hospital
dog lost October sorry possible robot
o long - song - wrong - strong - orange - olive - holiday - problem
a wash - want - quality - restaurant
ou cough
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[ ]
duck upset but fun umbrella puppy
fuck upstairs cut gun up funny
suck uncle nut run cup bunny
luck under just sun mum hurry
lunch understand judge us mud subway
above - love - done - none - glove - come - does - other - onion
o mother - won - monkey - London - wonderful - Monday - month
company - tongue
oo blood - flood
ou young - country - cousin - touch - double - enough - tough
[ ]
cat at bag back pants carrot
hat act flag pack hang candy
fat and drag black bang Canada
cap brand can snack land panda
map grand fan bank ran blanket
mad math man tank brand language
have - family - apple - animal - Spanish - hang - bang - dang - lang
a ask - fast - last - past - father - basketball - banana - tomato - bath
class - glass - grass - pass - dance - plant
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U1-2. 元音-长元音：
上述单元音中，有 4 个是可以将音拉长发成长音的，因此叫长元音。
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

备注：
1. 长元音要注意音一定要发“长”。
2. [ ]这个音比较特殊，没有出现在音标表中，但在长元音及双元音中都有。
E e R r
[ ] [ ]
发音的相对性：
音标标注的发音并不是绝对的，如果有需要，短元音也可以发成长元音。
比如，你在叫“Tom”的时候，如果“Tom”就在你边上，你叫的时候发[ ]
就可以了。但如果“Tom”在很远的地方，你可能就要发成[ ]了。
Toooo…m
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[ ]
e Chinese - Japanese - he - she - me - we
i police - pizza - machine - magazine
ea tea - sea - clean - teacher - meat - bean - beach
ease - easy - each - eat - eager - eagle
bee - see - fee - knee - three - agree - degree - employee
ee seed - deed - feed - deep - jeep - keep - feel - heel - steel - week
teen - seen - keen - been - green - sheep - feet - meet - beef
ei ceiling - seize - receive - receipt
ey key
ie believe - piece - field
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[ ]
her - term - serve - certain - person - German - version - perfect
er nervous - service - university
sir - bird - third - birth - birthday - girl - dirty - thirty - thirsty
ir
shirt - first - thirteen
or word - world - work - worse - worst - worth - worm
nurse - burn - surf - turn - fur - murder - hurt - urgent
ur
Thursday - hamburger
ear earth - earn - early - learn - heard - pearl - research
ew sew - sewing
our journey - journalist
[ ]
u rule - rude - glue - true - issue - June
ew blew - grew
ue blue - true - glue
ui fruit - juice - suit
moon - noon - afternoon - spoon - room -food - mood
oo noodles - school - fool - cool - boot - root - zoo - loose
kangaroo - bamboo - tooth
ou soup - group - you
ough through
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[ ]
a water - salt - almost - also - always - although - already
al chalk - walk - talk
ar war - warm - toward - wharf
sausage - because - caution - August - autumn - author - fault
au
pause - audience
augh daughter - naughty - taught - caught
ough thought - fought - bought
aw paw - law - saw - draw - awesome - strawberry
oar board - blackboard - roar
oor door - poor - floor
or or - order - for - corner - forty - fork - born - short - report - story
ore more - before - score - store - fore - wore
our four - your - pour - course
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[ ]
ask - fast - last - past - father - basketball - banana - tomato
a
bath - class - glass - grass - pass - dance - plant
al half - calm - palm
car - bar - star - far - card - hard - hardly - art - part - start - smart
dark - park - mark - darling - march - artist - farther - party - carbon
ar
yard - yarn - garden - garbage - arm - harm - farm - large - market
target - sharp - are
au aunt
ear heart
er clerk
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U1-3. 元音-双元音：
双元音指二个单元音有效组合后构成的音。根据收尾音的不同，我们又将双元音
分成三小组：
[ ]结尾 例词 [ ]结尾 例词 [ ]结尾 例词

[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ] [ ]

[ ] [ ]
注意：双元音在发音时要注意将音发完整，千万不要漏掉尾音。
A a I i O o
[ ] [ ] [ ]
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[ ]
e(r) hero - period - zero
ea idea - area - really - theatre
ear ear - hear - near - clear - dear - fear - spear - year - gear - tear (n.)
eer beer - cheer - deer - engineer - pioneer
ere here - merely
ia Italian - Australian
iar familiar
iu stadium
[ ]
a(r) parents - area
are hare - care - dare - fare - spare - prepare - share
air chair - air - fair - hair - pair - repair - stair
ear bear - pear - wear - swear - tear (v.)
ere there - where
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[ ]
ua February
ure sure - surely
our tour - tourist - tourism
[ ]
snake game date cave age grade
make name fate gave page able
lake came hate save cage baby
take fame Kate wave range lady
made frame late wake cable famous
sale cane plate face table crazy
grape lane rate race chase nature
train - brain - Spain - daily - gain - main - tail - nail - rail - wait
ai
paint - afraid - railway
aigh straight
crayon - may - say - bay - lay - way - stay - play - day - today
ay
Monday - Tuesday - Sunday
ea great - break
eigh eight - weigh - weight
ey they - grey
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[ ]
life fine bite dice die idea child
wife line kite mice lie island wild
knife nine bike rice pie tiger find
five wine like price tie China kind
dive mine Mike smile quite society quiet
eye - bye - why - try - dry - guy - fly - buy - type - dying - lying
y
my - myself - nylon - cycle
ei either - neither
eigh height
igh high - night - light - bright - right - might - tight
[ ]
oi coin - join - soil - noise - point - toilet
oy boy - toy - Roy - joy - enjoy
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[ ]
go sofa joke home old lonely
no nose woke bone cold potato
so pose over phone told photo
toe rose open alone gold October
kilo note only lone sold November
oa boat - coat - goat - road - load - goal - coach
oe toe
ou soul - mould
ough though - although
snow - slow - row - know - bowl - show - low - show
ow follow - tomorrow - narrow - window -shadow - Moscow
fellow - borrow - yellow
[ ]
house - mouse - mouth - south - count - about
ou
loud - sound - cloudy - mountain
ough plough - bough
ow cow - how - now - wow - down - brown - crowded
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