中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came
Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 导学案
学 年 2021-2022年度第二学期 科目 八年级英语 课题 Unit5 Section A (Grammar Focus-4c) 授课时间
主 备 人 使用人 八年级师生 课型 语法课 审核签字 学案序号 5-3
学习目标 能够识记理解本节课上遇到的新单词，短语，和句型。 复习总结过去进行时的用法。 过去进行时与一般过去时，过去进行时与现在进行时的区别。
重 点 能正确使用连词when和while。 能恰当运用过去进行时结构进行提问和叙述。
难 点
教师寄语 No cross, no crown. (不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹。)
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的 adj. ____________开玩笑；欺骗v. _______________突然；忽然 adv. _______________奇特的；奇怪的adj. ____________
二、根据汉语意思写出下列短语。 看一看_________________________洗澡___________________________做某人家庭作业_________________听收音机______________________照相___________________________打扫某人的房间_________________接电话_________________________在那时_________________________
三、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 —昨晚八点你在干什么？ —我在洗澡。 ____________________________________________________________________—暴雨时她在干什么？ —她正在做作业。 ____________________________________________________________________—暴风雨来的时候他在干什么？ —暴风雨来临时，他正在图书馆看书。 ____________________________________________________________________—开始下大雨时本在做什么？ —天开始下雨时，本正在帮妈妈做饭。 ____________________________________________________________________—琳达睡觉时珍妮在做什么？ —琳达睡觉时，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。 ____________________________________________________________________
精讲点拨 过去进行时 去进行时的构成及用法 过去进行时由“助动词(was/were)+动词-ing”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用过去的时间状语来表示。如：then, at that time, at this time yesterday, at 10:00 yesterday morning, all right以及when/while从句等。 ◆ 表示过去时间点正在进行的动作。此时常伴明确的过去时间点等。 eg：She was reading a book at this time yesterday.（过去时间点正在进行的动作） 昨天这个时候她正在看书。 I was watching TV then. 那时我正在看电视。（过去时间点正在进行的动作） ◆ 表示过去的某个阶段持续的动作。 eg：She was watching TV when the phone rang.（过去一段时间内持续的动作） 她正在看电视，这时电话铃响了。 ◆ 表示这去阶段反复发生的动作，带有褒贬感彩。此时常伴有频度副词always等。 eg：The girl was always changing her mind.（过去反复发生的动作，带有感彩） 这个女孩老是改变主意。 ◆ 表示过去动作延迟到以后发生，即用过去进行表过去将来，此类动词是一些位置的变化的词。 eg：He told me that he was going soon.（过去进行表将来） 他告诉我他很快就要走了。 过去进行时的结构 ① 过去进行时的肯定句 句型：主语+be（was/were）+现在分词+其他. 主语be动词过去分词其他成分I（第一人称单数）wasV.（动词）+ing其他he, she, it（第三人称单数）wasyou（第二人称单数/复数）werewe, they（第一、三人称复数）were
eg：He was strolling around the park at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候，他正在公园散步。 I was watching TV then. 那时我正在看电视。 She was playing the piano when the bell rang. 当铃声响时，她正在弹钢琴。 When I came home,they were cooking in the kitchen.当我回家时,他们正在厨房做饭。 ② 过去进行时的否定句 句型：主语+be（was/were）+not+现在分词+其他. 主语be动词否定词not过去分词其他成分I（第一人称单数）waswas not(wasn’t)V.（动词）+ing其他he, she, it（第三人称单数）waswas not(wasn’t)you（第二人称单数/复数）werewere not(weren’t)we, they（第一、三人称复数）werewere not(weren’t)
eg：He wasn’t taking a bath then. 那时他没在洗澡。 I wasn't watching TV at nine o'clock last night. 昨天晚上9点钟，我没在看电视。 He wasn't reading when I came home. 我回家时他没在看书。 When he knocked at the door, we weren't doing our homework. 当他敲门时，我们没在写作业。 They weren't having supper then. 那时他们没在吃晚饭。 ③ 过去进行时的一般疑问句 句型：Be（Was/Were）+主语+现在分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+be(was/were). 否定回答：No,主语+be(was/were) not. eg：－Were you cooking at that time 那时，你在做饭吗？ －Yes, I were.是的。/No,I weren't. 不，我没有做饭。 －Was he singing then 那时他正在唱歌吗？ －Yes, he was. 是的。/No,he wasn't. 不，他那时没在唱歌。 －Were you listening to music last night 昨天晚上你在听音乐吗？ －Yes, I were. 是的。/No,I were not. 不，我没有在听音乐。 ④ 过去进行时的特殊疑问句 句型：疑问词+be（was/were）+主语+现在分词+其他 eg：What was he doing when I called you 我给你打电话时他在做什么？ －What was he doing at the time of the fire yesterday 昨天起火时，他在做什么呢？ －He was studying at the library then 那时他正在图书馆学习。 －When were you dancing yesterday 你（们）昨天什么时候在跳舞？ －I was/We were dancing at ten last night. 昨天晚上10点钟我（们）在跳舞。 现在分词变化形式（+ing）（直 去 双 少） 变化规则例词一般情况下直接加-ingreadreadingjumpjumpingsleepsleeping以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ingtaketakingwritewritingwakewaking以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后再加-ingrunrunningswimswimmingputputting少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ingdie死亡dyinglie躺下lyingtie捆绑tying
注意：以y结尾的动词变为过去分词时，y不变，直接加上-ing。 eg：play→playing study→studying fly→flying when与while作从属连词 when作从属连词，意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词既可以是非延续性动词，也可以是延续性动词；谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间可以与主句谓语动词表示的动作是同时、之前或之后。 while作从属连词，意为“当……的时候，在……期间”，引导时间状语从句，其谓语动词必须为延续性动词。它强调主句的动作在从句动作的过程中发生，或者主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生，且持续时间一般较长。 eg：when the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me. 因此在你睡觉的时候，我打电话给珍妮，她帮了我。 My mother was cooking supper when I got home. 当我到家的时候，我妈妈正在 做晚饭。 She began to play the piano when she was five years old. He stopped his car when he saw me. 当他看到我的时候，他把车停了下来。 He fell asleep while he was listening to music. 他在听音乐时睡着了。 While we were talking, he came in. 我们在谈话时，他进来了。
检测小结 一、用所给词的正确形式填空。 What ________ (be) you ________ (do) when he arrived Jim _______________ (sleep) when I came in. They _______________ (watch) TV at 8:00 yesterday evening. Now he __________ (read) and ________ (write). Mother _____________ (wash) clothes when I _______ (get) home from school yesterday afternoon. Look, my sister _______ (be) there in the barber shop. The barber ____________ (cut) her hair. —When _______ you ________ (see) the accident —I ________ (see) it fifteen minutes ago. 二、根据句意填空。 上课铃响时, 你在干什么 What _______ you ________ when the class bell rang 当我妈妈进来时我正在看书. I _________ ________ when my mother came in. 昨天晚上十点钟她正在做饭. She ________ ________ at ten o’clock ________ ________. 当飞机起飞的时候, 天正下着大雪。 It _______________heavily when the plane ____________. 瞧, 孩子们正在追逐一只小猫。 Look! The children ___________________ a small cat. 我女儿正在写信时, 其他的孩子都在外面玩耍。 My daughter was writing a letter _________ the other children ______________ outside. 三．翻译下列句子。 昨天早上9点钟你在干什么 ____________________________________________________________________ 不明飞行物起飞时，小明正在骑自行车。 ____________________________________________________________________ 那时，他们正在做家庭作业。 ____________________________________________________________________ 今早给你打电话的时候, 你正在干什么？ ____________________________________________________________________ 当他正睡觉的时候他梦见了UFO。 ____________________________________________________________________ 当李雷在吃早饭时,吉姆进来了。 ____________________________________________________________________
参考答案
自主预习 一、根据汉语意思写出下列单词并熟读。 icykidsuddenlystrange
二、根据汉语意思写出下列短语。 have a looktake a showerdo one's homeworklisten to the radiotake photosclean one's roompick upat that time
三、根据汉语意思写出下列句子。 What were you doing at eight last night I was taking a shower.What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm She was doing her homework.What was he doing when the rainstorm came He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came.What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
检测小结 一、用所给词的正确形式填空。 were; doingwas sleepingwere watchingis reading; writingwas washing;gotis; is cuttingdid; see;saw
二、根据句意填空。 were; doingwas readingwas cooking;last nightwas snowing;took offare chasing afterwhile;were playing
三．翻译下列句子。 What were you doing at 9 o’clock yesterday morning Xiao Ming was riding his bike when the UFO took off. They were doing their homework at that time. What were you doing when I called you up this morning While he was sleeping, he dreamed about UFO. While Li Lei was having breakfast, Jim came in.
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Unit 5 What were you doing when the
rainstorm came
Section A 2d＆Grammar Focus-4c
人教新目标版 八年级下
Warm up
Lead in
A：Where were you at 10:00 yesterday
B：I was in a river.
A：What were you doing
B：I was swimming in the river.
Free talk!
Where when what
in a river 10:00 yesterday swimming
in a playground 11:00 yesterday playing basketball
in a shop 14:00 yesterday doing some shopping
at home 18:00 yesterday have dinner
at home 7:00 last night doing my homework
at home 8:00 last night watch TV
at home 9:30 last night sleep
the Past Progressive Tense
Presentation
2d
Mary: What were you doing last night, Linda I called at seven and you didn't pick up.
Linda: Oh, I was in the kitchen helping my mom.
Mary: I see. I called again at eight and you didn't answer then either.
Linda: What was I doing at eight Oh, I know. When you called, I was taking a shower.
Mary: But then I called again at nine.
Linda: Oh, I was sleeping at that time.
Mary: So early That's strange.
Linda: Yeah, I was tired. Why did you call so many times
Mary: I needed help with my homework. So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny
and she helped me.
adj. 奇特的；奇怪的
When引导的时间状语从句
While引导的时间状语从句
接电话
Role-play the conversation.
When What Where
7: 00 p.m.
8: 00 p.m.
9: 00 p.m.
taking a shower
helping her mother
sleeping
in the kitchen
in the bathroom
in the bedroom
Make sentences: Mary was ... in ... at ...
Mary was helping her mother in the kitchen at seven.
Mary was taking a shower in the bathroom at eight.
Mary was sleeping in the bedroom at nine.
Presentation
Read the dialogue in 2d, then fill in the blanks.
Role-play the conversation.
Presentation
Grammar focus
What were you doing at eight last night I was taking a shower.
What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm She was doing her homework.
What was he doing when the rainstorm came He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came.
What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
Grammar Focus
Observe this chart and let’s read the sentences.
Underline the past continuous tense and Circle the time adverbial.
What were you doing at eight last night I was taking a shower.
What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm She was doing her homework.
What was he doing when the rainstorm came He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came.
What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily When it began to rain, Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
Grammar Focus
Grammar focus
Grammar
Grammar
过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）
语法定义
过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。其基本结构为“was/were+动词-ing”。
过去进行时的基本句式
eg：The girl was shopping when I saw her.
主语 + was/were + v-ing+其他.
主语 + was/were + not + v-ing+其他.
eg：I wasn’t watching TV at nine o'clock last night.
肯定句
否定句
Grammar
eg：—Were you cooking at that time
—Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.
Was/Were + 主语 + v-ing + 其他
特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + v-ing + 其他
eg：—When were you dancing yesterday
—We were dancing at ten last night.
一般
疑问句
特殊
疑问句
肯定回答：
Yes, 主语+was/were.
否定回答：
No, 主语+wasn't/weren't.
过去进行时的基本句式
Grammar
过去进行时的基本用法
eg：I was watching TV the whole night.
We were having classes all day yesterday.
表示过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作，常与the whole day, all day yesterday等时间状语连用。有时没有明显的时间状语，可根据上下文语境判断。
eg：Miss Li was shopping at this time yesterday.
I was looking for my lost cat at nine last Monday morning.
表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作，与表示过去某一时间点的时间状语连用，如at 3 o'clock yesterday afternoon, at this time yesterday等。
Grammar
过去进行时判断特征
昨晚8:00 at 8:00 last night
昨天这个时候 this time yesterday
正在那个时候 at that time /at that moment
昨晚6:00 到9:00 rom 6:00 to 9:00 last night
昨天晚上 yesterday evening
昨天当你到这儿时 when you got here yesterday
刚才当我看见他们时 when I saw them just now
当你遇到他们时 when you met them
我们外出时 while we were out
昨天妈妈在做饭时 while my mother was cooking
当你在和John说话时 while you were talking with John
Grammar
现在分词变化形式（+ing）（直 去 双 少）
变化规则 例词 一般情况下直接加-ing read reading
jump jumping
sleep sleeping
以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ing take taking
write writing
wake waking
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后再加-ing run running
swim swimming
put putting
少数几个以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die死亡 dying
lie躺下 lying
tie捆绑 tying
Grammar
take ________ play ________ shop ________
sleep ________ buy ________ leave ________
turn ________ kid ________ hit ________
die ________ lie ________ write________
Please write the -ing form of the following words.
taking
sleeping
turning
playing
buying
kidding
shopping
leaving
hitting
dying
lying
writing
过去进行时与其他时态的区别
现在进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时
用法 表示现在或最近正在进行和发生的动作。 表示过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态。强调动作已经结束。 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间正在进行的动作。强调动作的未完成性。
构成 主语+am/is/are+v-ing 主语+v-ed 主语+was/were+v-ing
时间 now(或引起注意的look/ listen等动词） yesterday, last night, two years ago at eight last night, at the time of the rainstorm, when the rainstorm came, while he was sleeping
Grammar
Grammar
What were you doing at eight last night I was taking a shower.
What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm She was doing her homework.
What was he doing when the rainstorm came He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came.
What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily When it began to rain, Ben was helping make dinner.
What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework.
Underline the adverbial clause of time.
Grammar Focus
Grammar
when和while都可意为“当……时”，用来引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生的背景。
when和while引导的时间状语从句
语法定义
when引导的时间状语从句
eg：When he was a child, he always tried out new ideas.
表示主句动作发生的特定时间，既可指时间点，也可指时间段。
从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；从句的动作和主句的动作既可同时发生，也可以是先后发生。
eg：It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
Grammar
延续性动词和非延续性动词
如：work, study, drink, eat等。
延续性动词指动作可以延续一段时间，而不是瞬间结束。
非延续性动词指动作极为短暂，瞬间结束。
如： start, begin, hit, jump, knock等。
Grammar
eg：When I got to the airport, the guests had left.
从句位于主句之前或之后，当位于主句之前时，与主句要用逗号分开。
当主句为将来时或表示将来意义时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。（主将从现）
eg：The boy will be a writer when he grows up.
when引导的时间状语从句
Grammar
while引导的时间状语从句
eg：While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping me with my homework.
while引导的时间状语从句强调主句动作在从句动作进行的过程中发生，或者同时发生。从句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词，常用进行时。
eg：The boy fell asleep while I was reading the story.
Grammar
When和while的区别
主句的动作时持续的，而从句的动作是短暂的，此时用_________ 引导时间状语从句，主句用_____________时态，从句用___________时态。
when
过去进行
一般过去
主句
从句
短暂性动词（短动作）
延续性动词（长动作）
When I arrived at home, my mum was cooking.
Grammar
When和while的区别
I arrived at home while/when my mum was cooking.
主句的动作是短暂性的，从句的动作是持续性的，此时用___________引导从句，主句用_________时态，从句用__________时态。
while/when
一般过去
过去进行
从句
主句
短暂性动词（短动作）
延续性动词（长动作）
Grammar
When和while的区别
I was watching TV while my mother was cooking.
主句和从句的动作在过去的某时刻或某时段同时发生，而且动作都是持续性的，此时用________引导从句，并且主句和从句都用___________时态。
while
过去进行
主句
从句
长动作
长动作
4a
Look at the table and write sentences with both while and when.
John Mary
take photos buy a drink
play the piano leave the house
clean his room turn on the radio
shop take the car to the car wash
While John was taking photos, Mary bought a drink.
John was taking photos when Mary bought a drink.
Presentation
While John was taking photos, Mary bought a drink./John was taking photos when Mary bought a drink.
While John was playing the piano, Mary left the house./John was playing the piano when Mary left the house.
While John was cleaning his room, Mary turned on the radio./John was cleaning his room when Mary turned on the radio.
While John was shopping, Mary took the car to the car wash./John was shopping when Mary took the car to the car wash.
Presentation
Presentation
4b
Fill in the blanks with was, were, when or while.
At 7:00 a.m., I woke up. ______ I _____ making my breakfast, my brother _____ listening to the radio. ______ I was eating, the radio news talked about a car accident near our home. My brother and I went out right away to have a look. ______ we got to the place of the accident, the car _____ in bad shape from hitting a tree. But luckily, the driver _____ fine. The roads ______ icy because of the heavy snow from the night before.
While
was
was
While
When
was
was
were
adj. 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的
看一看
Presentation
4c
What were you doing at these times last Sunday Fill in the chart. Then ask your partner.
kid v.欺骗；戏弄；开玩笑
What were you doing at nine o’clock last Sunday
I was playing basketball. How about you
Pair work
I was reading.
You’re kidding!
9:00 am
11:00 am
8:00 pm
10:00 pm
What were you doing at … last Sunday
Language points
1. I called at seven and you didn't pick up. (教材P34 2d)
pick up 接电话
Point
pick up在此处相当于pick up the phone, 与answer the phone同义。
eg：Lucy was watering the flowers in the garden, so she didn't pick up the phone/answer the phone.
【拓展】pick up的其他常见含义：
捡起；拾起 You should pick up the paper on the ground.
整理；收拾 Let's pick up the living room.
搭载；驾车去接 Shall we go to the airport to pick up your sister
(偶然)得到；学会 She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.
Language points
2. I called again at eight and you didn't answer then either. (教材P34 2d)
either adv. 也
Point
either在此作副词，用于否定句中。
eg：Jenny won't go and Bill won't either.
【拓展】(1) either还可作代词，意为“（两者中的）任何一个”。
eg：You can keep either of the photos.
(2) either还可作限定词，意为“（二者之中）任一的”，修饰可数名词单数。
eg：You can park on either side of the street.
Either plan is better than mine.
Language points
3. You're kidding! (教材P36 4c)
kid v. 开玩笑；欺骗
Point
kid作动词，其现在分词为kidding，过去式和过去分词均为kidded。
eg：I didn't mean it. I was only kidding.
Don't kid yourself (that) he'll change.
【拓展】kid还可以作名词，意为“小孩”，复数形式为kids。正式用语或书面用语中用child表示。
eg：I They've got three kids.
He is just a child.
Homework
1. Do the exercises in students’ book.
2. Read and recite in Section A (2d).
3. Preview (Section B (1a-1d)).
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