牛津译林版（2019） 选择性必修 第一册 Unit 1 Food matters课件（83张PPT）

(共83张PPT)

Ⅰ.核心单词
(A)写作词汇—写词形
1. mood n.情绪,心情;气氛,氛围
2. flavour n.味,味道;特点,特色 vt.给……调味,加味于
3. link vt.联系,相关联;把……连接起来 n.联系,连接;关系,纽带;链接
4. native n.出生于某国(或某地)的人;本地人 adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的;土产的
5. sour adj.酸的,有酸味的;馊的 vi.& vt.(使)变坏;变味,酸腐
6. bond n.纽带,联系;连接,结合
7. lower vt.降低,减少;把……放低,使……降下 adj.下面的;在底部的;低洼的
8. boil vt.& vi.用沸水煮;(使)沸腾
9. fry vt.& vi.油炸,油煎
10. scenery n.风景,景色;舞台布景
11. bet n.打赌,赌注;预计,估计 vi.& vt.下赌注,打赌;敢说
12. atmosphere n.气氛,氛围;大气;气体;空气
13. elderly adj.年纪较大的,上了年纪的
14. bake vt.& vi.烘烤;烤硬
15. bitter adj.味苦的;激烈的;令人难过的;严寒的
16. loose adj.不受约束的;未固定牢的;零散的;宽松的;疏松的
17. damp adj.潮湿的,湿气重的
18. dynasty n.朝,代;王朝
19. plain adj.朴素的,简单的;清楚的 n.平原
20. slice n.薄片,片;部分,份额vt.把……切成片;切开,割破
21. appropriate adj.合适的
22. estimate vt.估计,估价 n.估计;估计的成本
23. essential adj.必不可少的;本质的,基本的
24. concept n.概念,观念
25. appetite n.食欲,胃口;强烈欲望
26. delicate adj.精致的,精细的,精密的;易损的,易碎的,脆弱的
27. steam vt.& vi.蒸;散发蒸汽 n.水蒸气;蒸汽动力;水汽
28. edge n.边,边缘;刀口
29. apart adv.成碎片;分开;相隔
(b)阅读词汇—明词义
1.dessert n.　（饭后）甜点，甜食　
2.saucer n.　碟状物，茶碟，茶托　
3.vinegar n.　醋　
4.calorie n.　卡，卡路里；千卡　
5.steak n.　牛排；肉排，肉块　
6.pan n.　平锅，平底锅　
7.buffet n.　自助餐　
8.bay n.　（海或湖的）湾　
9.version n.　变体，变种；说法；版本　
10.filling n.　（糕点等的）馅　
11.flour n.　面粉　
12.tiramisu n.　提拉米苏　
13.bakery n.　面包（糕饼）店　
14.layer n.　层，表层；层次　
15.cheese n.　干酪，奶酪　
16.ingredient n.　材料，成分；因素，要素　
17.chilli n.　辣椒　
18.pepper n.　甜椒；胡椒粉　
19.onion n.　洋葱，葱头　
20.sauce n.　调味汁，酱　
21.chef n.　主厨，厨师　
22.property n.　性质，特性；所有物，财产；不动产　
23.Cantonese adj.　广东人（或文化）的，粤语的 n.广东人；粤语　
24.dim sum n.　点 心 　
25.gram n.　克　
26.cabbage n.　甘蓝，卷心菜　
27.wrapper n.　（食品等的）包装材料，包装纸　
(C)拓展词汇—灵活用
1. combination n.结合体,联合体;联合,混合→ combine vt.& vi.(使)组合,联合
2. creamy adj.含奶油的;像奶油的,光滑细腻的;淡黄色的→ cream n.奶油,乳脂;护肤霜
3. greedily adv.贪婪地,贪心地→ greed n.贪婪,贪心→ greedy adj.贪婪的,贪心的
4. gently adv.轻柔地,温和地→ gentle adj.温柔的,温和的
5. association n.联想,联系;协会,社团;联合,交往→ associate vt.联想,联系 adj.非正式的;副的
6. vary vi.(根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同vt.变更,改变→ various adj.各种各样的;多姿多彩的→ variety n.(同一事物的)不同种类,多种式样
7.　emotion　 n.情感，强烈的感情，激情，情绪→　emotional　 adj.情绪的；容易激动的；有感染力的
8.　salty　 adj.咸的，含盐的→　salt　 n.盐 vt. & vi.（给食物）加盐；用盐腌
9.　relieve　 vt.解除，减轻；缓和，缓解→　relief　 n.救济；减轻，解除；安慰
10.　security　 n.安全；保护措施；保安部门；担保，保证→　secure　 adj.安全的；牢固的；有把握的；稳定的→　securely　 adv.安全地；牢固地；安心地；有把握地
11.　generate　vt.产生，引起→　generation　 n.一代，一辈；一代人；产生→
　generator　 n.发电机；发生器
12.　digest　 vt.& vi.消化；领会，理解 n.摘要，文摘→　digestion　 n.消化；消化能力→　digestive　 adj.消化的
13.　cycle　 n.循环；自行车，摩托车 vi.骑自行车→　cycling　 n.骑自行车运动（或活动）→　cyclist　 n.骑自行车者
14.　enhance　 vt.提高，增强→　enhancement　 n.提高
15.　impress　 vt.& vi.使钦佩，给……留下深刻印象；使意识到→　impression　
n.印象→　impressive　 adj.令人赞叹的；令人敬佩的；给人深刻印象的
16.　adorable　 adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的→　adore　 vt.热爱，爱慕→
　adoration　 n.热爱，爱慕
17.　mild　 adj.不浓的，淡味的；暖和的；温和的；不严重的→　mildly　 adv.温和地；和善地；稍微地→　mildness　 n.温和；温暖
18.　foggy　 adj.有雾的，雾茫茫的→　fog　 n.雾；烟雾
19.　expand　 vt.& vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务）；详谈，详述→
　expansion　 n.扩展；扩大；膨胀→　expansive　 adj.广阔的；开朗的→
　expansively　 adv.辽阔地；开朗地
20.　multiple　 adj.数量多的，多样的→　multiply　 vt.& vi.乘；（使）繁殖；
成倍增加
21.　consume　 vt.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间）→
　consumer　 n.消费者，用户，顾客→　consumption　 n.消费；消耗
22.　innovation　 n.创造，创新；新思想，新方法→　innovate　 vi.创新，改革
→　innovative　 adj.革新的；创新的
23.　stimulate　 vt.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋→　stimulation　 n.刺激；激励，鼓舞→　stimulative　 adj.刺激性的；激励的
24.　emphasis　 n.强调，重视；重读→　emphasize　 vt.强调，着重
25.　mixture　 n.混合物；混合，结合→　mix　 vt.& vi.（使）混合，掺和，融合
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.　consist of╱be made up of　 由……组成
2.　do the trick　 奏效，起作用，达到目的
3.　not to mention　 更不用说
4.　refer to　 指的是；参考；涉及
5.　make up for　 弥补，补偿
6.　cheer up　 使高兴，使振作
7.　give up　 放弃
8.　cry out for　 迫切需要
9.　remind sb. of sth.　 使某人想起某事；提醒某人某事
10.　come across　 偶然遇见，无意中发现
11.　throw oneself into　 投身于，热衷于
12.　hand in　 交上；提交
13.　out of this world　 好（或美等）得不得了，非凡，呱呱叫
14.　pick up　 捡起；获得；（偶然）学会；搭便车
15.　let sth. loose　 释放；放任
16.　appeal to　 吸引；呼吁
17.　be famous for　 因……而著名
18.　hit the spot　 使人满意，正合需要
19.　fall apart　 破碎，破裂；崩溃
20.be made from　由……制成　
21.lie in 　在于　
22.depend on 　依靠，依赖；取决于　
23.tend to 　趋向于；往往会　
24.right away 　立刻　
25.in low spirits 　情绪低落　
26.bring back 　使恢复；使回忆起来　
27.take up 　拿起；开始从事；占据　
28.keep up 　保持；继续；不落后　
29.show up 　出现，露面　
30.in particular 　尤其，特别　
31.take off 　突然成功；起飞；脱下　
Ⅲ.经典结构
1.每当我感到孤独时,我有一个从不失败的秘密食谱:大米、牛奶和糖,小火慢
煮。
Whenever I feel lonely, I have a secret recipe that never fails: rice, milk and sugar,
cooked low and slow.
2.不管我的心情有多糟,那种完美的结合总是足以让我振作起来。
No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to lift
my spirits.
3.从最广泛的意义上讲,治愈系食物指的是任何能让我们感觉更好的食物。
In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better .
4.在家做饭不仅便宜,而且我刚好可以做我想做的菜。
Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want.
5.它的墙壁被漆成白色和浅蓝色,气氛活泼而现代。
The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls painted white and light blue.
6.人们认为,它们起源于晚清时期,是(当时)长江上的船夫们在寒冷潮湿的冬天取
暖的一种方式。
They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for boatmen
on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.
7.如今,人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭,据估计,在南京,每天要吃掉数万只鸭子!
Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of thou-
sands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!
8.在广州,早茶是人们日常生活中如此不可或缺的一部分,以至于“你喝(早)茶了
吗 ”已成为当地版本的“早上好。”
In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that
“Have you had your tea ” has become the local version of “Good morning.”
Ⅳ.长难句分析
1.In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power
mainly lies in the associations it calls to mind.
分析:本句是主从复合句。whose power mainly lies in the associations是whose引
导的 定语从句 ;it calls to mind是 定语从句 ,省略了关系代词 which/that 。
句意:在这篇文章中,我们将讨论一种特殊类型的治愈系食物,它的力量主要在于
它所唤起的联想。
2.When we eat it again, we unlock memories of a time when we were loved and
looked after, and this cheers us up.
分析:本句是并列复合句,由第二个and连接。第一个分句是主从复合句,When引
导 时间状语从句 ,when是 关系副词 , 引导 定语从句 ,修饰先行词a time;第二个分句是简单句。
句意:当我们再次吃它的时候,我们会开启我们那段被爱和被照顾的回忆时光,这
让我们振作起来。
3.According to some food experts, there are some aspects of culture that people will
lose right away, but with food, there are more opportunities to connect to memory,
family and place.
分析:本句是由并列连词 but 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是主从复合句,Ac-
cording to...experts为状语,关系代词that引导 定语从句 ;第二个分句是简单句,其中动词不定式短语to connect to memory, family and place作 后置定语 。
句意:根据一些食物专家的说法,人们会马上失去文化的某些方面,但有了食物,人
们有更多与记忆、家庭和地方联系起来的机会。
4.The mouth-watering hot pots of Sichuan are as famous overseas as they are in Chi-
na, and the hot flavour is enough to heat up a cold midwinter evening or to let loose
rivers of sweat on a summer afternoon.
分析:本句是由并列连词 and 连接的并列复合句。第一个分句是主从复合句,as...
as...表示“像……一样……”,as they are是as引导的 比较状语从句 ;第二个分句是简单句,or连接两个并列的不定式短语。
句意:令人垂涎的四川火锅在海外像在国内一样有名,热辣的味道足以让寒冷的
仲冬夜晚热起来,或者在夏天的下午(让人)汗流浃背。
5.What I love best about Sichuan hot pots is that they offer a great opportunity to so-
cialize with friends since a meal can last for hours.
分析:本句是主从复合句。What I love best about Sichuan hot pots是What引导的
主语从句 ;连词that引导 表语从句 ;连词since引导 原因状语从句 。
句意:我最喜欢四川火锅的是,它们提供了一个很好的与朋友交往的机会,因为一
顿饭可以持续几个小时。
6.The Cantonese do not hurry over their breakfasts, as I found when I visited a
restaurant in Guangzhou's old city centre this morning.
分析:本句是主从复合句。关系词as引导 非限制性定语从句 ;when引导
时间状语从句 。
句意:今天早上,我在广州老城中心的一家餐馆参观时发现,广东人的早餐并不匆
忙。
Ⅴ.必备语法
动词不定式作主语和表语
1.It is hardest to give (give) up the food that you grow up with.
2.Not that long ago, my first thought at mealtimes was to eat (eat) at a restaurant.
3. To eat (eat) out was also a social activity, allowing me to enhance the relationship
with my friends.
4.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try, I discovered that it was not that
difficult to make (make) a simple and tasty dish.
5.Though teahouses have been common in China since the Tang Dynasty, the Can-
tonese innovation of the mid-19th century was to serve (serve) tea together with a va-riety of light dishes, or dim sum.

|combination n.结合体,联合体;联合,混合
　　No matter how bad my mood is, that perfect combination is always enough to
lift my spirits.(教材P2)不管我的心情有多糟,那种完美的结合总是足以让我振作
起来。
情景导学
His treatment was a combination of surgery, radiation and drugs.对他的治疗是把手
术、放射和药物治疗结合为一体。
The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.
这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。
The hotel combines comfort with convenience.
这家旅馆既舒适又方便。
(China Daily, 2020年12月)All systems on the orbiter-returner combination that car-
ries lunar samples are currently in good condition.
携带月球样本的轨返组合体上的所有系统目前状况良好。
归纳拓展
① combine vt.& vi.(使)组合,联合
②combine... with ... 把……与……结合起来
③ in combination with... 与……联合起来
④a combination of ...and... 一种……和……的结合(物)

单句语法填空
1-1 (2020江苏,31, )Technological innovations,combined with good
marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:技术创新与良好的市场营销相结合,将促进这些产
品的销售。此处用过去分词作状语,根据短语be combined with...“与……结合/
联合”可知填with。
1-2 (2019江苏,完形填空, )With their patience and efforts, they successfully
developed a combination (combine) of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural re-
production.
解析　考查名词。句意:在他们的耐心和努力下,他们成功地开发了人工繁殖和
自然繁殖的结合。a combination of...and...意为“一种……和……的结合”。故
填combination。
完成句子
1-3 (2020全国Ⅲ,书面表达改编, )我们想通过将经典课文《汽船》改编成
英文短剧,将你们的文化与我们的文化相结合。
We’d like to combine your culture with ours by adapting the classic text The Steam-
boat for a short English play.

|vary vi.(根据情况)变化,变更;相异,不同 vt.变更,改变
　　They vary from person to person, depending on our own unique experiences that
have shaped our lives.(教材P2)它们因人而异,取决于塑造了我们生活的我们自己
的独特经历。
情景导学
The students' work varies considerably in quality.
学生作业的质量甚是参差不齐。
The menu varies with the season.
菜单随季节而变动。
This tool can be used in a variety of ways.
这一工具有多种用途。
She took the job for various reasons.
她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。
(China Daily, 2020年8月)Losing a friend or family member is heartbreaking and
hard to accept, but how we deal with it, and how we move on, vary from person to
person.
失去朋友或家庭成员是令人心碎和难以接受的,但我们如何处理它以及如何继续
生活,因人而异。

归纳拓展
① various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的→ variety n.品种;不同种类;变化;多样化
②a variety of =varieties of种种的;各种各样的
③vary from ...to... 由……到……不等
④vary with 随……变化
⑤vary in 在……方面变化;在……方面有差异
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020天津,阅读理解A, )Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions
targeted to various (vary) age groups.
解析　考查形容词。句意:图书馆会经常举办针对不同年龄群体的阅读小组会
议。名词groups应用形容词修饰。故填various。
2-2 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C改编, )Other varieties (vary) of multigenerational
families are more common.
解析　考查名词复数。句意:多代同堂家庭的其他变体更常见。设空处作主语,
根据谓语动词are可知,此处应用名词复数形式。故填varieties。
2-3 (2019北京,阅读理解D, )Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depend-
ing on the type and concentration of phytoplankton.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:海洋的颜色由绿色到蓝色各不相同,这取决于浮游
植物的类型和含量。vary from...to...意为“由……到……不等”。故填from。
同义句转换
2-4 (2020全国Ⅱ,书面表达改编, )There are different kinds of fruit trees as
well as a variety of animals.
→There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as varieties of animals.
→ There are different kinds of fruit trees as well as various animals.
完成句子
2-5 (2019课标全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )打字模式因人而异。
Typing patterns vary from person to person .
|link vt.联系,相关联;把……连接起来 n.联系,连接;关系,纽带;
链接;环;节
　　If we grow up eating certain foods in our family, then those foods tend to be
linked with positive emotions.(教材P2)如果我们在自己家里吃着某些食物长大,那
么那些食物往往会与积极的情绪联系在一起。
情景导学
In another part of London,he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that
were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在伦敦的另一个地区,他从另外两个与宽街的(霍乱)暴发有关联的死亡病例中发
现了支持的证据。
The newspapers have linked his name with hers.
报纸把他和她的名字联系在了一起。
The two spacecraft will link up (with each other) in orbit.
两艘宇宙飞船将在轨道上(互相)对接。
The link between my computer and the telephone isn't very good.我的电脑和电话之
间的连接不是很好。
He hopes to enhance close links with his classmates.
他希望增进与同学们之间的密切关系。
归纳拓展
①link up (with...)(与……)联合,连接
②link... with /to... 将……和……联系或连接起来
③be linked to /with... 与……有联系/连接
④a link(links) between A and B　A与B之间的联系
⑤a link(links) with sth./sb.与某事/某人的联系
单句语法填空
3-1 (2019天津,阅读理解C, )Food webs may be dominated by many weak links
(link) because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
解析　考查名词复数。句意:食物网可能由许多薄弱环节主导,因为那种安排从
长远来看更稳定。many后接复数名词,故填links。
3-2 (2019天津,阅读理解C, ) When a predator(掠食动物)always eats huge
numbers of a single prey(猎物),the two species are strongly linked (link).
解析　考查语态。句意:当一种掠食动物总是吃大量的单一猎物时,那么这两个
物种息息相关。此处应用动词link的过去分词与助动词are构成被动语态。故填
linked。
3-3 (2018课标全国Ⅱ,完形填空, )Linking arms with one of the instructors, I
helped carry the young man out of the water.
3-4 (2018浙江,语法填空, )Researchers have found that there is a direct link
between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight problems.
解析　考查介词。句意:研究人员发现,在家外面吃的东西的增加和体重问题的
增加之间有直接的联系。固定搭配a link between A and B意为“A与B之间的联
系”。故填between。
完成句子
3-5 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解D改编, )HUNCH计划的目的是将太空技术
与学校教育联系起来。
The purpose of the HUNCH program is to link space technology with school
education .
解析　考查介词。句意:和一个教练手挽手,我帮忙把这个年轻人抬出了水面。
link arms with...和……手挽手。故填with。
|relieve vt.解除,减轻;缓和,缓解
　　One mouthful of comfort food takes us back to our cultural roots, giving us the
“taste of home” that we cry out for and relieving feelings of homesickness.(教材P
3)吃一口治愈系食物让我们回到自己的文化根源,为我们带来我们迫切需要的
“家的味道”,缓解思乡之情。
情景导学
If the symptoms can't be relieved, the doctors will take a throat swab(咽拭子) for the
patient.如果症状得不到缓解,医生就会为病人采集咽拭子。
The new secretary will relieve us of some of the paperwork.
新来的秘书会减轻我们文案工作的一些负担。
Much to my relief, the car was not damaged.
令我非常庆幸的是,车并没有损坏。
I breathed in/with relief when the exam was over.
考试结束时,我轻松地出了一口气。
归纳拓展
① relief n.轻松,宽慰;(痛苦、忧虑等的)解除,减轻;救济
② in/with relief轻松地,宽慰地
③ to one's relief令某人感到欣慰的是
④a sense of relief解脱感
⑤relieve sb. of ...解除某人……的负担
⑥relieve anxiety/guilt/stress消除焦虑/内疚/压力
⑦relieved adj.放心的;感到宽慰的
单句语法填空
4-1 (2020江苏,任务型阅读, )Quality counts less than attitude and effort—even
a stupid joke can relieve others of risk and embarrassment.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:质量没有态度和努力重要——即使是一个愚蠢的笑
话也能缓解别人的风险和尴尬。固定搭配relieve sb. of ...意为“解除某人……的
负担”。故填of。
4-2 (2020天津,阅读表达, )I'm relieved (relieve) to know that “cool” has a
much broader definition than what I used to think.
解析　考查形容词。句意:我很欣慰地知道,“酷”的定义比我过去认为的要广
泛得多。连系动词后接形容词作表语。故填relieved。
4-3 (2019课标全国Ⅱ,阅读理解B, )Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh
of relief (relieve) when the season comes to a close.
解析　考查名词。句意:不过,当这个赛季结束时,我们大多数志愿者松了一口
气。介词of后接名词。故填relief。
完成句子
4-4 (2017浙江,读后续写, )一团鲜红的云彩笼罩着这只动物,使Mac感到欣
慰的是,它摇着头后退了。
A bright red cloud enveloped the animal, and to Mac's relief , it fell back, shaking its
head.

|impress vt.& vi.使钦佩,给……留下深刻印象;使意识到
　　As long as you are not afraid of heights, you will be impressed by Sky Buffet,
the latest restaurant in the city centre.(教材P7)
只要你不恐高,你就会对市中心的最新的餐厅“天空自助餐”印象深刻。
情景导学
He impressed on us the need for immediate action.
他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要。
Her words impressed themselves on my memory.
她的话语我铭记在心里。
The little boy impressed me with his big and bright eyes the first time I saw him.
我第一次见到这个小男孩时,他那双又大又亮的眼睛给我留下了深刻的印象。
My words made no impression on her.
我的话丝毫没有对她起作用。
Among his many good qualities, punctuality is the most impressive one.
在他的许多优秀品质中,守时是最令人印象深刻的。
归纳拓展
① impression n.印象;影响→ impressive adj.令人敬佩的;给人印象深刻的
②impress sb. with sth.用某物给某人留下深刻印象
③impress sth. on /upon sb./one's memory (mind)使某人意识到某事/使某人对某事
有深刻印象
④be impressed by /with... 对……印象深刻
⑤leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下深刻印象
⑥make no impression on sb.对某人没有影响
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解A, )...historic collections, contemporary art and
family fun are brought together in one impressive (impress) museum and art gallery.
解析　考查形容词。句意:……历史收藏品、当代艺术和家庭乐趣在一个令人印
象深刻的博物馆兼艺术画廊中聚集在一起。museum and art gallery应用形容词
修饰。故填impressive。
5-2 (2020浙江,阅读理解A, )A few characters are used to create a single
impression (impress) growing out of the theme.
解析　考查名词。句意:一些角色被用来创造超出主题的一个印象。形容词sin-
gle后接名词。故填impression。
5-3 (2019江苏,阅读理解C, )Why does it matter that people are more im-
pressed by/with the most recent changes
解析　考查介词。句意:为什么人们对最近的变化印象更深刻很重要呢 固定短
语 be impressed by/with... 对……印象深刻。故填by或with。
同义句转换
5-4 (2018北京,书面表达, )On arriving at the teahouse, the foreign students
were impressed by the unique teapots and teacups.
→On arriving at the teahouse,it impressed the foreign students with the unique
teapots and teacups.
完成句子
5-5 ( )他去年因为癌症不幸去世了,但他给我留下了深刻的印象,鼓舞了我
重新拿起笔。
He unfortunately passed away last year due to his cancer, but he left a deep impres-
sion on me and gave me the inspiration to pick up my pen again.

|appropriate adj.合适的
Traditionally, duck is considered to have cooling properties, so it is appropriate for
the hot summer months.(教材P12)传统上,人们认为鸭子具有去火的性质,所以它
适合在炎热的夏季月份里吃。
情景导学
Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
正式聚会上穿牛仔裤不合适。
The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children.这本书的文体
适合儿童阅读。
It is appropriate that he should get the post.
=It is appropriate for him to get the post.
由他担任这一职务是恰当的。
This can lead to incorrect results if not handled appropriately.
如果处理不当,这会导致错误的结果。
归纳拓展
① appropriately adv.合适地
②be appropriate for / to ... 适合于……
③It is appropriate that... ……是恰当的(从句谓语用“should+动词原形”形式,其
中should可以省略)
④It is appropriate(for sb.) to do sth.(某人)做某事是合适的
单句语法填空
6-1 ( )This allows them to respond more appropriately (appropriate) to the user.
解析　考查副词。句意:这使它们能够更适当地响应用户。此处应用副词修饰动
词respond。故填appropriately。
6-2 ( )Markets and queues—paying and waiting—are two different ways of al
locating things,and each is appropriate to/for different activities.
解析　考查介词。句意:市场和排队、支付和等待是两种不同的分配方式,每一
种适合于不同的活动。固定搭配be appropriate to/for意为“适合于……”。故填
to或for。
完成句子
6-3 (2017课标全国Ⅲ,阅读理解B, )影院老板埃德·布拉德福德说,他选择这
部电影是因为它看起来合适。
Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate .
6-4 ( )例如,对于一场只包括两个人的讨论来说,团队会议可能不是最合适
的场所。
For example, team meetings may not be the most appropriate place for a discussion
that involves only two people.

|estimate vt.估计,估价 n.估计;估计的成本
　　Nowadays, people eat salted duck all year round and it is estimated that tens of
thousands of ducks are consumed every day in Nanjing!(教材P12)
如今,人们一年四季都吃盐水鸭,据估计,在南京,每天要吃掉数万只鸭子!
情景导学
It is hard to estimate how many children suffer from dyslexia.
难以估计有多少孩子有诵读困难。
Police estimate the crowd at 30,000.
警方估计,聚集的人有3万。
It is estimated that the project will last a year.
据估计,这项工程将持续一年。
(China Daily, 2020年11月)Governments should estimate the finance gap for protect-
ing and restoring nature in their own countries.
各国政府应该估计保护和恢复本国自然的资金缺口。
归纳拓展
①It is estimated that ...据估计……
②estimate that/wh-/ how ...估计……
③estimate sth. at sth.估算……为……
④be estimated to be...据估计是……
单句语法填空
7-1 ( )Worse, nearly 18 million children under the age of five around the world
are estimated to be (be) overweight.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:更糟糕的是,据估计,全世界有近1,800万5岁以下
的儿童超重。be estimated to be意为“据估计是……”。故填to be。
完成句子
7-2 (2018天津,阅读理解C, )一些分析人士估计,粮食产量需要提高50%才能
维持目前的水平。
Some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to
maintain current levels.
同义句转换
7-3 ( )The university estimates that living expenses for international students
are around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.
→It is estimated by the university that living expenses for international students are
around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.

|emphasis (pl.emphases) n.强调,重视;重读
　　The emphasis is rather on conversation about business, family or pleasure, and
locals can spend hours together chatting, drinking tea and working their way through
the menu.(教材P12)重点反而是在谈生意、话家常或消遣上,当地人可以花好几
个小时聚在一起聊天、喝茶,慢慢吃遍菜单上所有的点心。
情景导学
He emphasized that attracting industry to the town was important.他强调了吸引工
业到城镇很重要。
(China Daily, 2020年12月)We will place emphasis on prevention, carry out exten-
sively patriotic health campaigns, promote healthy and positive lifestyles, and pre-
vent and control major diseases. 我们将重视预防,广泛开展爱国卫生运动,宣传健
康和积极的生活方式,预防和控制重大疾病。
归纳拓展
①put/lay/ place emphasis on/upon sth.强调某事
② emphasize vt.强调,重视
③emphasize that ...强调……
单句语法填空
8-1 ( )The author 's purpose in mentioning cars is to emphasize (emphasis) the
importance of elevators.
解析　考查词性转换。句意:作者提到汽车的目的是强调电梯的重要性。连系动
词is后接动词不定式作表语。emphasis的动词是emphasize。故填emphasize。
8-2 ( )Wolfgang's emphasis on/upon developing positive leadership kept his
managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company
into a global one.
解析　考查固定搭配。句意:沃尔夫冈强调发展积极的领导力,这使他的经理们
在成功地将公司转变为一个全球性的公司的同时积极参与并对公司忠诚。名词
emphasis后常搭配介词on/upon。故填on/upon。
完成句子
8-3 ( )通过Loe的网站,她强调“任何人都可以在任何地方做这件事”。
Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere”.

|make的复合结构
　　In its broadest sense, comfort food refers to any food that makes us feel better.
(教材P2)从最广泛的意义上讲,治愈系食物指的是任何能让我们感觉更好的食
物。
情景导学
(21st Century, 2020年12月)I liked acting at first because it made me get out of class-
es in school.一开始,我喜欢表演是因为它让我在学校不用上课。
She couldn't make herself heard above the noise of the traffic.
交通嘈杂,她无法让人听到她的声音。
The news that the Chinese team won the match made us very happy.中国队赢得比
赛的消息使我们非常高兴。
He made it clear that he objected. 他明确表示反对。
She was made to repeat the whole story.
她被强迫把整个事件再说一遍。
归纳拓展
①make作使役动词,意为“使得”,在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,可用作
宾补的有 形容词 、 不带to 的动词不定式、分词、名词、代词、介词短语等。
②“make+宾语+动词原形”的结构变为被动语态时,不定式作主语补足语要还
原 to 。
③在“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,当宾语较长时,可用it作形式宾语,真正
的宾语可以是动词不定式或 从句 ,放在宾补之后。

单句语法填空
1-1 (2020江苏,任务型阅读, )The increase of energy will even make you more
willing (will) to exercise.
解析　考查形容词。句意:精力的增加甚至会让你更愿意锻炼。根据more可知,
此处应用形容词willing构成make的复合结构,故填willing。
1-2 (2020浙江,七选五, )My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend
time outside, no matter the weather or season.
解析　考查代词。句意:我的父母特别注意让他们的两个孩子在户外度过时光,
不管天气怎样或什么季节。分析句子结构可知,made后作宾语的动词不定式短
语to spend time outside较长,所以用代词it作形式宾语,真正的宾语置于宾补后。
故填it。
1-3 (2020天津,阅读表达, )My legs just weren't made to run (run) like his.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:我的腿就是不像他的那样能跑。动词make意为
“使得”,其后的动词不定式作主语补足语时,要带动词不定式符号to。故填to
run。
完成句子
1-4 (2020江苏,任务型阅读, )研究表明,良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更
聪明。
Studies show that a good sense of humor even makes you seem smarter .
1-5 (2020全国Ⅰ,阅读理解C, )正是这种奇怪的形式使竞走成为如此吸引人
的活动。
It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity .

|not only...but(also)...构成的倒装句
Not only is cooking at home cheaper, but I can cook exactly what I want.(教材P6)在
家做饭不仅便宜,而且我刚好可以做我想吃的菜。
情景导学
Not only do smartphones take up our valuable time, but they (also) do great harm to
our health.
智能手机不仅占用我们宝贵的时间,而且对我们的健康非常有害。
Not only the twins but also their friend Tom likes playing football.
不仅是这对双胞胎,他们的朋友汤姆也喜欢踢足球。
(21st century, 2020年12月)Organ donation is not only the best way to memorialize a
beloved one, but also a remarkable way to save the lives of others.
器官捐献不光是纪念挚爱的最佳方式,也是拯救他人生命的非凡的方式。

归纳拓展
①not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”,通常可以连接两个并列的谓
语、宾语、表语、状语等,还可以连接两个并列的分句。
②当not only...but also...连接两个分句时,若not only位于句首,not only所在的分句
要用 部分倒装 ,but also后面的分句则不用倒装。
③not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词要遵循“ 就近一致 ”原则。
④not only只能连用,而but also既可连用,也可分开用,also也可 省略 或用as well
代替,置于句末。
单句语法填空
2-1 (2020江苏,完形填空, )There, he not only did well as a student but also
became an accomplished public speaker.
解析　考查连词。句意:在那里,他不仅作为一个学生做得很好,而且成了一个技
艺高超的公众演说家。not only...but also...意为“不仅……而且……”,连接并列
谓语。故填but。
句型转换
2-2 (2020全国Ⅱ,书面表达, )I would not only be able to experience fruit pick-
ing, but I could also feast on the sweetness!
→Not only would I be able to experience fruit picking, but I could also feast on the
sweetness!
2-3 (2019北京,阅读理解D改编, )Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton
in the ocean changing, but the type of phytoplankton is changing.
→Not only the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean but the type of phytoplank-
ton is changing .
完成句子
2-4 (2020全国新高考Ⅰ,写作, )这次活动受到了高度评价,因为它不仅为我
们提供了锻炼的机会,而且让我们更有凝聚力。
The activity was highly spoken of, because not only did it provide a chance for us to
exercise, but it also made us more cohesive.
|with的复合结构
　　The atmosphere is lively and modern, with its walls painted white and light blue.
(教材P7)墙壁被漆成白色和浅蓝色相间,气氛活泼而现代。
情景导学
With the weather so hot and stuffy, it is likely to rain.
天气这么闷热,很有可能要下雨。
He fell asleep with the light on.
灯亮着,他睡着了。
With his bike stolen, he had to walk home.
自行车被偷了,他只好步行回家。
With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起奢侈品。
With a lot of work to do, he wasn't allowed to go out.
因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。
归纳拓展
①with的复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成,在句中作状语或定语,作状
语时表示伴随、行为方式、原因、结果、条件或时间等,可位于句首或句尾。
②在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中,可用作宾语补足语的有 形容词 、 副词、
分词 、 动词不定式 和介词短语等。
③在with的复合结构中,分词作宾补时,若宾语和宾补为主动关系,用现在分词;若
宾语和宾补为被动关系,用过去分词。
单句语法填空
3-1 (2020江苏,阅读理解D, )Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with mon-
keys calling (call) from beyond the village green, we played soccer.
解析　考查with的复合结构。句意:然后在一个完美的亚马孙之夜,猴子在远处的
村庄草地上叫着,我们踢着足球。call与monkeys构成主动关系,所以用现在分词
作宾语补足语。故填calling。
3-2 (2019浙江,阅读理解B, )But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a
board went up with dollar bills attached (attach) to it with pins and a sign that read,
“Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
解析　考查with的复合结构。句意:但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块木板立
了起来,上面有用大头针钉着的美元钞票和一个指示牌,上面写着:“留下你能给
予的,带走你需要的。”动词attach意为“固定”,与dollar bills之间构成被动关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填attached。
完成句子
3-3 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )因年轻人无法承担离开家的费用以及老年人
面临孤独的风险,越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),
more families are choosing to live together.

|主语+be believed to do sth.
　　They are believed to have started off in the late Qing Dynasty as a way for
boatmen on the Yangtze River to keep warm during the cold and wet winters.(教材P
11)人们认为,它们起源于晚清时期,是长江上的船夫们在寒冷潮湿的冬天取暖的
一种方式。
情景导学
The split between humans and apes is thought by some scholars to have occurred 15
to 20 million years ago.
=It is thought by some scholars that the split between humans and apes occurred 15
to 20 million years ago.
一些学者们认为人类和类人猿的分离出现在一千五百万年至两千万年前。
She is said to be doing the experiment in the lab.
=It is said that she is doing the experiment in the lab.
据说她正在实验室里做实验。
She is reported to earn over 10 million dollars a year.
=It is reported that she earns over 10 million dollars a year.
据报道,她的年收入超过一千万美元。
归纳拓展
①“主语+be believed to do sth.”这一结构是由“ It is/was believed that...”或
“People believe(d) that...”句型转变而来的。
②“主语+be believed/said/reported/thought/...to do sth.”这一结构中的不定式要
根据表达的含义用不同的形式:
当不定式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生时,不定式用 进行式 ;
当不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或没有明显的先后顺
序时,不定式用 一般式 ;
当不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生时,不定式用 完成式 。
③除动词believe之外,有类似用法的动词还有: report 、know、 say 、suppose、
think 、consider、hope等。
单句语法填空
4-1 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )The total number of all multigenerational
households in Britain is thought to be (be) about 1.8 million.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:人们认为在英国多代同堂家庭的总数约为180万
户。be动词表示的状态与is thought没有明显的先后顺序,所以is thought后用动词
不定式的一般式。故填to be。
4-2 ( )The late musician Dennis Brain is said to have asked (ask) a fellow train
passenger to turn off his radio.
解析　考查非谓语动词。句意:据说已故音乐家丹尼斯·布莱恩曾让一位和他同
火车的乘客关掉收音机。设空处所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发
生,所以应用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have asked。
句型转换
4-3 (2020江苏,书面表达, )It is reported that the film is well received outside
China.
→The film is reported to be well received outside China.
4-4 (2020全国Ⅲ,阅读理解C, )It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live
with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.
→About 20% of 25-34-year-olds are said to live with their parents, compared with 1
6% in 1991.
4-5 ( )It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been argu-
ing about the benefits and dangers of wolves.
→Conservation groups in North America are reported to have been arguing about the
benefits and dangers of wolves.
|such...that...引导结果状语从句
　　In Guangzhou, morning tea is such an essential part of the daily routine that
“Have you had your tea ” has become the local version of “Good morning.” (教
材P12)在广州,早茶是人们日常生活中如此不可或缺的一部分,以至于“你喝(早)
茶了吗 ”已成为“早上好。”的当地版本。
情景导学
My younger brother is such a diligent student that he never gives up easily.
=Such a diligent student is my younger brother that he never gives up easily.
=My younger brother is so diligent a student that he never gives up easily.我弟弟是
一个如此勤奋的学生,他从不轻易放弃。
They are such interesting books that we all enjoy reading them.
=Such interesting books are they that we all enjoy reading them.
这些书很有趣,我们都喜欢看。
This teacher is so kind that we all like him.
=So kind is this teacher that we all like him.
这个老师非常和蔼,我们都喜欢他。

归纳拓展
①“such...that...”意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,such后通常
接“a/an +adj.+可数名词单数”或“adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复数”。
②当“such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数”或“such+adj.+不可数名词/可数名词复
数”置于句首时,主句要用 倒装语序 。
③除了such...that...引导结果状语从句外,还可用so...that...引导结果状语从句,so后
通常接 形容词 或副词,或者当名词被表示数量的many、much、few、little修饰时,
也要用so;当so+adj.或so+adv.置于句首时,主句要用 倒装语序 。
④ so +adj.+a/an+n.+that...= such +a/an+adj.+n.+that...
单句语法填空
5-1 (2020江苏,书面表达, ) For one thing, the overall development over the
past decades has been so striking that they feel eager to familiarize themselves with
what is going on in China.
解析　考查固定句型。句意:一方面,过去几十年的总体发展是如此显著,以至于
他们急于了解中国正在发生的事情。根据空后的形容词striking和that可知,此处
应为so...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填so。
5-2 (2019北京,阅读理解C, )At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed
a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice
that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
解析　考查固定句型。句意:在今年的I/O会议上,一家公司展示了一种新的语音
技术,该技术能够制造一种逼真的人声,能够在不被察觉的情况下与接待员通话
并预订。such...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句。故填that。
句型转换
5-3 (2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that
they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.(改为倒装句)
→ So concerned were scientists in Louisiana that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.
5-4 ( )TV Ears are so comfortable that Jack forgets he has them on!
→These are such comfortable TV Ears that Jack forgets he has them on!
单句改错
5-5 (2019天津,阅读表达, )They handed him such many cards that they filled
several large boxes.
such改为so
解析　考查固定句型。句意:他们交给他如此多的卡片,以至于它们装满了好几
个大盒子。当名词被many修饰时,应用so。故把such改为so。

动词不定式作主语和表语
　　动词不定式是一种非谓语动词形式,其结构为“to +动词原形”,其中 to 不是
介词,而是动词不定式的符号,动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式在
句子中可以用作主语和表语。
一、动词不定式作主语
观察
To learn English well is not easy.
It is interesting to play with snow in winter.
It is important for students to use English every day.
It is very kind of you to say so.
It is my duty to report it to the police.
It took me more than an hour to do housework after work.
How to use the computer is the question.
归纳
1.动词不定式作主语通常位于① 句首 ,谓语动词用② 单数形式 。
2.动词不定式作主语,当动词不定式较长时,常把代词it放在句首作形式主语,而把
真正的主语,即③ 动词不定式 放在后面。
3.代词it作形式主语时,有三种情况:
(1)用形容词作表语,真正的主语,即动词不定式通常有逻辑主语,一般用for短语来
表示,即for sb. to do sth.,其中sb.就是to do的④ 逻辑主语 ;当表语形容词表示不定
式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时,则用⑤ of sb. to do sth.。
(2)有时也接⑥ 名词(短语) 作表语。
(3)it作形式主语时,还常用于“It ⑦ takes/will take/took sb. some time/money to do
sth.”句型中。
4.动词不定式与疑问词how、what、when、where等连用构成不定式短语时,也可
作⑧ 主语 。
二、动词不定式作表语
观察
My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
The plan is to promote the understanding between the two countries.
Our intention is to absorb different views of the working class.
What I would like to suggest is to put off the meeting.
The only thing we can do now is wait and see.
归纳
1.当句子的主语是way、aim、idea、policy、question、suggestion、wish、task、
duty、job、plan、purpose、intention等或者主语是⑨ what 等引导的名词性从句
时,可以用不定式作⑩ 表语 。
2.当主语部分有实义动词 do 的某种形式时,作表语的动词不定式符号to可以
省略 。

单句语法填空
1.(2020全国Ⅲ,七选五, )It is traditional to bring (bring) a gift to a housewarm
ing party.
解析　考查动词不定式作主语。句意:带礼物参加乔迁派对是一种传统。固定句
型“it is+adj.+to do sth.”中,代词it作形式主语,后面的动词不定式作真正的主语。
故填to bring。
2.(2020浙江,阅读理解A, )It is not my intention to point (point) out the central
theme of each of the plays in this collection.
解析　考查动词不定式作主语。句意:我无意指出这本作品集中每一部戏剧的中
心主题。固定句型“it is+n.+to do sth.”中,代词it作形式主语,后面的动词不定式
作真正的主语。故填to point。
3.(2020天津,阅读理解D, )One way to begin is to answer (answer) your own
excuses.
解析　考查动词不定式作表语。句意:一个开始的方法是回答你自己的借口。分
析句子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作表语。故填to answer。
4.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,七选五, )The objective of most speeches is to benefit
(benefit) the audience.
解析　考查动词不定式作表语。句意:大多数演讲的目的是使听众受益。分析句
子结构可知,此处应用动词不定式作表语。故填to benefit。
5.(2020全国Ⅱ,阅读理解C, )Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a
while to come (come) around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is
morally acceptable.
解析　考查动词不定式作主语。句意:设计师Jennifer Anderson承认,她花了一段
时间才转而接受在自己的作品中使用海狸鼠的皮毛合乎道德这种观点。固定句
型“It took sb. some time to do sth.”意为“做某事花费某人一段时间”,此处应
用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to come。
完成句子
6.(2020全国新高考Ⅰ,完形填空, )当然,解决办法是种树,这样动物们就可以
在白天寻求庇护。
The solution, of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek shelter during the
daytime.
7.(2019课标全国Ⅰ,语法填空, )由于对很多区域的研究不足,很难弄清楚北
极熊的全球数量。
It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has
been poorly studied.
8.(2019天津,阅读理解D, )然后我们就会知道在我们的生活中有意义是多么
重要。
Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.