(共60张PPT)
u n i t 5
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02
03
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Listeng and Speaking
Reading and Thinking
Useful Structures
Reading for Writing
01
PART ONE
Listening and Speaking
[搭配] be full of energy 精力充沛
have the energy to do sth. 有精力做某事
devote one’s energies to... 某人把精力投入到......
[例句]
It is everyone's duty to work hard to build an energy saving society.
努力建设能源节约型社会是每个人的责任。
[同根词] energetic adj. 精力充沛的,充满活力的;积极的
be energetic in doing sth. 积极做某事
1.energy n.能源;能量;精力
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02
PART TWO
Reading and Thinking
[搭配] put up with 容忍,忍受
catch up with 追得上;赶得上
keep up with 跟得上
end up with 结束;以......结束,以......告终
[例句]
So scientists have come up with a shocking idea.
2.come up with 提出;想出(主意、建议、计划等)
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[同根词] compose v. 作曲,创作;组成,构成
[搭配] compose music 作曲
be composed of 由......组成/构成
composer n. 作曲家;作曲者
3.composition n. 成分;(音乐、艺术、诗歌的)作品
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[搭配] perform on the stage 登台演出
perform one's duty 履行职责
perform a task 执行任务
[例句] Our team performed very well in the game yesterday and won the first prize. 我们队在昨天的比赛中表现得很好,获得了一等奖。
[同根词]
erformance n. 表演;演技;表现
put on a performance 表演
performer n. 表演者;演员
4. perform vi.& vt.表演;履行;执行
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[搭配] enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事
enable sth. to..... 使某事物能
[例句] Listening to music enables me to relax and forget my problems.
听音乐使我能够放松,忘记我的问题。
[同根词]
able adj. 有能力的
unable adj. 不会的,不能的
ability n. 能力;才能
disability n. 无能;残疾;无资格;不利条件
5. enable vt.使能够;使可能
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[搭配] 形容词+前缀、后缀en转换成动词
enrich vt. 使富裕
ensure vt. 使确保
shorten vt. 使减少
deepen vt. 使加深
soften vt. 使变软
5. enable vt.使能够;使可能
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[搭配] prove (to be)+n./adj. 证明是……;结果是……
prove sb. (to be)+n./sth. 证明某人是……
prove sth.to sb. 向某人证明某事
It is proved that... 据证明……
prove one’s point 证明某人的观点
[例句]
It's proved that we can improve our memory by using various memorizing methods.
事实证明,我们可以通过各种各样的记忆方法来提高我们的记忆力。
[同根词] proof n. 证明,证据
6. prove vt.证明;展现
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7.1 award vt.授予
[搭配] award sb. sth.=award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物
award sb. for... 因……给某人颁奖
[例句]
The virtual choir was the idea of award winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre.
虚拟合唱团是获奖作曲家兼指挥家埃里克·惠塔克的创意。
7.award vt.授予 n.奖品
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7.2 award n.奖品
[搭配] win/get/receive an award (for...) (因……)获奖
give sb. an award 给某人颁奖
[例句]
My mother, a high school teacher, has won a number of teaching awards for her devotion to her work.
我的母亲是一名高中教师,因为对工作的投入她赢得了许多教学奖。
7.award vt.授予 n.奖品
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(1)fall in love (with)意为“相爱、爱上”,表示动作,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
(2)be in love (with)意为“与……相爱”,表示状态,可以与表示一段时间的状语连用。。
[例句]
As far as I know, they fell in love with each other at first sight.
据我所知,他们一见钟情。
8.fall in love with 爱上
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[同根词] originally adv. 最初;起初
origin n. 起源;由来;起因
by origin 出身;血统
in origin 源头上
9. original adj. 原来的;独创的;原作的 n. 原件;原作
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03
PART THREE
Useful Structures
一、过去分词(短语)作表语
定义:用在系动词后面, 构成系表结构, 表示主语所处的状态, 此时过去分词大多已变成了形容词。
1.过去分词(短语)作表语,跟在系动词be、get、feel、remain、seem、look、become等之后作表语,表示主语的特点或所处的状态。
◆Tom felt relaxed when he was sitting on the sofa and listening to soft music.
当汤姆坐在沙发上听轻音乐时,他感到很放松。
◆Although the little girl was frightened, she answered in a calm voice.
虽然小女孩很害怕,但她还是用平静的声音回答。
2.“get+过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构。用于被动结构时,它强调动作的发生;用于系表结构时,它强调状态的变化。
◆Most of the skin on his face got burnt away in the fire.
在火灾中,他脸上的皮肤大部分被烧掉了。
3.过去分词作表语与被动语态的差异。
作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态,强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite、very、rather等修饰词。被动语态表示动作,强调动宾关系,绝大多数被动结构中的行为执行者可以用by短语来表示。
◆The novel is well written.(系表结构)
这部小说写得很好。
◆The novel is written by Lu Xun.(被动语态)
这部小说是鲁迅写的。
4.有些过去分词作表语时,相当于形容词,且大部分已转化为形容词,常见的有:delighted、disappointed、discouraged、drunk、amused、astonished、hurt、interested、crowded、tired、 satisfied、pleased、surprised、worried、excited、married、 puzzled、upset等。
◆On hearing the good news, everyone was very excited.
一听到这个好消息,大家都很激动。
◆The book is very interesting and I'm very interested in it.
这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣。
充当形容词的动词 ing形式和过去分词的区别:动词 ing形式一般具有主动意义,表示“起某种作用”,多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉;过去分词一般具有被动意义,表示“受某种影响”,多用于形容人的感觉。
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
过去分词(短语)作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1.过去分词(短语)作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
◆Asked about his address(=When he was asked about his address), the little boy didn't respond.
问及他的地址时,小男孩没有回答。
2.过去分词(短语)作原因状语,在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
◆Annoyed at the decision(=As he was annoyed at the decision), he refused to attend the meeting.
由于对这个决定很生气,他拒绝参加会议。
3.过去分词(短语)作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
◆Given more time(=If they were given more time),the trees could grow taller.
如果再多给一点时间,这些树会长得更高。
◆Heated to a high temperature(=If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸气。
4.过去分词(短语)作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
◆Left alone at home (=Although he was left alone at home), John didn't feel afraid at all.
虽然约翰被单独留在家里,但他一点都不害怕。
5.过去分词(短语)作方式或伴随状语。
◆Followed by a group of students, the teacher entered the classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可以加上when、if、while、though、even if、until、unless等连词,这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或是it。
◆Even if invited (=Even if I'm invited), I won't take part in the party.
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加这个聚会的。
三、过去分词(短语)与现在分词(短语)作状语的区别
过去分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被动;现在分词(短语)与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示主动。
分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语,主语是问题。
前后两动作,共用一主语。
主语找出后,再来判关系。
主动用 ing,被动用 ed。
1.逻辑关系
过去分词(短语)作状语与现在分词(短语)作状语的最主要区别在于:两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)过去分词(短语)作状语时,过去分词(短语)所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
◆Given more encouragement, the boy could have behaved better.(句子主语the boy与give构成逻辑上的动宾关系)
如果多给一些鼓励,这个男孩能表现得更好。
◆Moved to tears, he stood there silently.(句子主语he与move构成逻辑上的动宾关系)
他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语时,现在分词(短语)所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
◆He went out, shutting the door behind him.(句子主语He是shut这个动作的发出者,构成逻辑上的主谓关系)
他出去后随手关上了身后的门。
◆Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.(句子主语he是know这个动作的发出者,构成逻辑上的主谓关系)
由于不知如何是好,他去找父母帮忙。
(3)部分过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,而重在描述主语的状态,其前不用being。常见的这种过去分词(短语)有:lost in (迷路)、seated (坐着的)、hidden (躲着)、lost/absorbed in (沉溺于)、born in (出生于)、dressed in (穿着)、tired of (厌烦了)等。
◆Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.
因为陷入沉思中,所以他没有听到那个声音。
◆Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它。
2.时间概念
过去分词(短语)所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,或表示“一种状态”,与谓语动作同时发生或存在。现在分词(短语)表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或在说话时正在进行。
◆Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
◆Reading carefully, he found something he hadn't known before.
他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。
[搭配] in relief 如释重负;松了口气
to one's relief 令某人欣慰的是
It is a relief to do sth. 做某事是一种解脱。
breathe a sigh of relief 松了一口气
What a relief! 终于放心了
[例句] Hearing the news that he had passed the exam, Jack breathed in relief. 听到考试及格的消息,杰克松了一口气。
[同根词] relieve vt. 救出;解脱;使脱离
relieve sb. of... 帮助某人减轻……
10. relief n.(焦虑、痛苦的)减轻或消除;(不快过后的)宽慰、轻松或解脱
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11.1 cure vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题)
[搭配] cure sb.of sth. 治愈某人的某种疾病;改正某人的不良行为
cure sth. 解决各种问题
[例句]
Although this medicine can cure you of your illness , it has a side effect on you.
这种药虽然能治好你的病,但对你有副作用。
11.cure vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题)
n.药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
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11.1 cure n.药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
[搭配] There is no easy cure for...... 没有办法治愈......,没有办法解决......
a cure for... ……的治疗方法;解决问题的措施
[例句]
Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源,也不了解它的治愈方法。
11.cure vt.治愈;治好(疾病);解决(问题)
n.药物;治疗;(解决问题、改善糟糕情况的)措施
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[搭配] absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
be absorbed in... 全神贯注于……
[例句]
With the children making so much noise outside, I can't get absorbed in my study.
孩子们在外面吵闹,我无法专心学习。
12.absorbed in sth./sb. 被……吸引住;专心致志
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[同根词] absorb vt. 吸收;吸引;使专心
absorb oneself in... 全神贯注于……
[例句]
It is very hard for me to absorb so much information at once.
一下子吸收这么多的知识对我来说很难。
12.absorbed in sth./sb. 被……吸引住;专心致志
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[搭配]
previous to(prep.) 在......以前
previous experience 以前的经验
[例句]
They made full investigations previous to reaching a conclusion.
他们在下结论之前进行了充分的调查。
[同根词] previously adv. 以前,先前
13. previous adj. 先前的;以往的
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[搭配] be/become/get unemployed 失业
the unemployed 失业者(一类人)
[例句]
The problem is that millions of people are unemployed.
问题是数百万人都失业了。
14. unemployed adj.失业的;待业的
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[同根词] employ vt. 雇用;使用
employ sb. as... 雇用某人当……
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
employment n. 就业,职业
out of employment 失业
full-time/part-time employment 全职/兼职工作
full employment 全面就业
unemployment n. 失业
employer n. 雇主
employee n. 雇员
14. unemployed adj.失业的;待业的
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[搭配] have an impact on 对......有影响
have no impact on 对......没有影响
对......有影响 have an effect/influence on
make a difference to
[例句]
When I was young,I didn't know much about the harmful impacts of smoking.
在我年轻的时候,关于吸烟的危害我知道的并不多。
15. impact n.巨大影响;强大作用;冲击力
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16.1 aim n.目的;目标
[搭配] with the aim of... 以……为目标,意在……
achieve one's aim 达到某人的目的
take aim at... 向……瞄准
[例句]
As an old saying goes, living without a clear aim is like sailing without a compass.
正如一句老话所说,生活没有明确的目标就像航海没有指南针一 样。
16.aim n.目的;目标 vi.& vt.力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 vt.目的是;旨在
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16.1 aim vi.& vt.力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 vt.目的是;旨在
[搭配] aim at doing sth. 力争做到某事
aim to do sth. 旨在做某事
be aimed at (计划或想法等)旨在……,目的是……
[例句]
Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory.
充满团队精神,他们作为一个整体,始终以荣誉为目标。
[同根词] aimless adj. 无目的的
aimlessly adv. 无目的地
16.aim n.目的;目标 vi.& vt.力求达到;力争做到;瞄准 vt.目的是;旨在
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04
PART FOUR
Reading for writing
[搭配] set up 设立;建立;搭起
set out 出发
set off 出发;使爆炸
set down 记下;写下
set aside 把……放在一边;留出
set out to do sth. 开始做某事
set about doing sth. 开始做某事
[例句] The moment they arrived at the destination, they set out to set up their tent. 他们一到达目的地,就开始搭帐篷。
17. set sth. up 安装好(设备或机器);建立;设立;创建;开办
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[搭配] a piece of equipment 一件设备
office equipment 办公设备
[例句]
This is a useful piece of equipment in the kitchen.
这是厨房里的一件有用的设备。
[同根词] equip vt. 装备,配备
equip...with... 用……来装备……
be equipped with... 配有……
equip sb. for sth. 使某人能胜任某事
18.equipment n.设备;装备
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[搭配] try out for 选拔
try to do sth. 努力做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
try on 试穿;试戴
try for 试图获得;力争赢得
try one’s best to do sth. 竭尽所能做某事
have a try 试一试
[例句]
Now that you have nothing to lose, why don't you try out for the music competition 既然你没有什么损失,为什么不去参加音乐比赛呢?
19. try out 参加……选拔(或试演);试验,测验
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[搭配] have a talent/gift for... 有……的天资/天赋
show a talent for... 表现出……才能
[例句] Nowadays, there are more and more TV talent shows.
如今,电视选秀节目越来越多。
[同根词] talented/gifted adj. 有才能的,有才干的
be talented/gifted in... 在……方面有才能
20.talent n.天才;天资;天赋
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[搭配] assume sb./sth. to be... 假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that... 据认为……
It’s reasonable to assume (that) 认为.......是有道理的
Let us/Let’s assume(that ) 我们假设
[例句]
I assumed that he had gone for a walk.
我想他去散步了。
[同根词] assuming conj. 假设
assumption n. 假定;假设
make an assumption 做出假设
21. assume vt.以为;假设
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22. ache v. 疼痛
[搭配] ache for 渴望
ache to do sth. 渴望做某事
[例句]
His feet were aching from standig so long.
他站了那么久,双脚隐隐作痛
headache toothache stomachache
22. ache n.&v. 疼痛
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23.treatment n. 治疗;对待;处理
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[搭配] under medical treatment 正在接受治疗
treatment for 就......接受治疗
give sb. treatment 为某人治疗
get/have/receive treatment 接受治疗
need/require treatment 需要治疗
[例句] It is reported that the player is under medical treatment.
据报道,这名运动员正在接受治疗。
23.treatment n. 治疗;对待;处理
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[同根词] treat vt.& vi. 治疗;对待;款待 n. 请客;款待
treat sb. as... 把某人当……看待
treat sb./oneself to... 用……款待某人/自己
treat sb. for sth. 治疗某人的......
treat ......with....... 用......治疗......
[搭配] from now on 从今以后
from that day on 从那天起
from today on 从今天起
[例句]
Please be more careful when you cross the street from now on.
从今以后你过马路要更加小心。
24. from (then) on 从(那)时起
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[搭配] get away with 被放过;从轻发落
get down to 开始认真处理/对待
get over 克服
get along well with 与……相处得好
get in 收获
get together 相聚聚集
get hold of 抓住
get rid of 摆脱;除掉
[例句]
A smile can help us get through difficult situation and find friends in a world of strangers.
一个微笑可以帮助我们渡过难关,在陌生人的世界里找到朋友。
25. get through (设法)处理;完成;设法联系上(尤指打通电话);通过;用完
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[搭配] with satisfaction 满足地;满意地
to one's satisfaction 使某人满意的是
a sense of satisfaction 满足感
[例句]
With all the books he was interested in bought, Tom left the bookshop with great satisfaction.
[同根词] satisfy vt. 使满足;使满意
satisfied adj. 感到满意的 be/feel satisfied with... 对……感到满意
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
26. satisfaction n.满足;满意;欣慰
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[例句]
Students should take an active part in various after class activities.
学生们应该积极参加各种各样的课外活动。
[同根词] variety n. [U]变化;多样性;[C]种类;品种
a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的
vary vt.& vi. 使不同;变化
vary from...to... 从……到……不等
vary in 在......方面不同
vary with sth. 随.......而变化
vary between......and......从......到......不等
27.various adj.各种不同的;各种各样的
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[搭配] in reaction to 对……的反应(to是介词)
a reaction to 对......的反应
a chain reaction 连锁反应
[例句]
What was the audience's reaction to the concert
[同根词] react v. 回应;发生反应
react to 对……作出回应(to是介词)
react against 反对;反抗
react on/upon 对......起作用/对......有影响/对......起反应
react with 与......起化学作用
28. reaction n.反应;回应
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