运用句子成分分析法来判断定语从句的关系词
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| 名称 | 运用句子成分分析法来判断定语从句的关系词 |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 15.0KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2013-01-17 11:59:08 | ||
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运用句子成分分析法来判断定语从句的关系词
要学好定语从句必须先准备好以下知识：
第一、要会分析句子成分。知道什么是句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
第二、清楚定语从句的相关概念，如，什么是关系代词，关系副词，先行词等。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词：where, when, why
如何选择定语从句的关系词
1. 通读全句，找准先行词。
2. 将先行词代回定语从句中，判断先行词在定语从句中充当句子的什么成分；
3. 如果先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，那就选择关系代词that, which, who或whom，再根据是指人还是指物进行选择。（注：只要是先行词在从句中作宾语，则一律可以省略不填）。
4. 如果我们发现从句不缺主语也不缺宾语，而把先行词代回定语从句中，先行词前需添加一个介词句子才能完整，则只能选关系副词，再根据是指时间、地点还是原因来选择when, where或why，也可以用介词加which来代替关系副词。
5. 如果先行词在从句中需要变为所有格的情况（也就是表示…的），就选whose。
只要彻底掌握以上五点，我们就可以正确解答百分之八十的题目。例：
① Those pictures ________ were drawn by Tom are nice.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
将先行词 Those pictures 代回定语从句，我们发现它在从句中作主语，这时需要选择关系代词 。先行词指物，故选择D项。
② The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
将先行词The Science Museum代回定语从句，我们发现它在从句中作宾语，这时需要选择关系代词 。先行词指物，故选择A项。
③ That’s the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
首先找到先行词为the new machine，将其代回定语从句中，我们发现它需要带上所有格，表示“The new machine’s parts are too small to be seen.”所以应选whose。
④ This is the school _______ my father worked 20 years ago.
A、that B、when C、which D、where
我们发现从句先行词the school代回定语从句中后，需加一个in 才完整, “My father worked in the school 20 years ago.”所以只能选择关系副词where, 或in which。
明显表示地点或时间的先行词，我们不难判断。但是表示抽象地点和时间的先行词，我们有时很难发现而容易误选。所以句子成分分析法在表示抽象地点和时间的定语从句中尤其重要和有效。只要从句的主语和宾语齐全，首先就绝对排除关系代词that, which, who和whom，然后看是表示时间还是地点而选择when 或where。
注意：why 的先行词只有reason， 但先行词为reason，关系词不一定是why 这个也要看reason在从句中作什么成分而定。
This is the reason why/for which he was late. (从句成分完整，不缺主语或宾语，且表示迟到的原因)
This is the reason that /which /不填he gave. （the reason在从句中作宾语）
下面的例子都属于这种情况：
① Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.
A. which B. there C. that D. where
② All the neighbors admire this family, _________the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
③ It is a job _______ you can learn a great deal.
A. which B. what C. where D. that
④ During the talks neither of the two sides would accept an agreement _______ unequal terms are contained.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
⑤ One example of cybercrime is hacking, _______ users’ computers are illegally accessed.
⑥ Cheer up! Everyone may have periods in their lives _______ everything seems tough.
⑦ If a shop has chairs __________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
⑧ Every time he tries to break a record, he reaches a point ______ he feels he cannot physically do any more.
⑨ Some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.
⑩ It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
要学好定语从句必须先准备好以下知识：
第一、要会分析句子成分。知道什么是句子的主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
第二、清楚定语从句的相关概念，如，什么是关系代词，关系副词，先行词等。
关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose
关系副词：where, when, why
如何选择定语从句的关系词
1. 通读全句，找准先行词。
2. 将先行词代回定语从句中，判断先行词在定语从句中充当句子的什么成分；
3. 如果先行词在从句中作主语或宾语，那就选择关系代词that, which, who或whom，再根据是指人还是指物进行选择。（注：只要是先行词在从句中作宾语，则一律可以省略不填）。
4. 如果我们发现从句不缺主语也不缺宾语，而把先行词代回定语从句中，先行词前需添加一个介词句子才能完整，则只能选关系副词，再根据是指时间、地点还是原因来选择when, where或why，也可以用介词加which来代替关系副词。
5. 如果先行词在从句中需要变为所有格的情况（也就是表示…的），就选whose。
只要彻底掌握以上五点，我们就可以正确解答百分之八十的题目。例：
① Those pictures ________ were drawn by Tom are nice.
A. who B. whose C. whom D. which
将先行词 Those pictures 代回定语从句，我们发现它在从句中作主语，这时需要选择关系代词 。先行词指物，故选择D项。
② The Science Museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London’s tourist attractions.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
将先行词The Science Museum代回定语从句，我们发现它在从句中作宾语，这时需要选择关系代词 。先行词指物，故选择A项。
③ That’s the new machine ________ parts are too small to be seen.
A. that B. which C. whose D. What
首先找到先行词为the new machine，将其代回定语从句中，我们发现它需要带上所有格，表示“The new machine’s parts are too small to be seen.”所以应选whose。
④ This is the school _______ my father worked 20 years ago.
A、that B、when C、which D、where
我们发现从句先行词the school代回定语从句中后，需加一个in 才完整, “My father worked in the school 20 years ago.”所以只能选择关系副词where, 或in which。
明显表示地点或时间的先行词，我们不难判断。但是表示抽象地点和时间的先行词，我们有时很难发现而容易误选。所以句子成分分析法在表示抽象地点和时间的定语从句中尤其重要和有效。只要从句的主语和宾语齐全，首先就绝对排除关系代词that, which, who和whom，然后看是表示时间还是地点而选择when 或where。
注意：why 的先行词只有reason， 但先行词为reason，关系词不一定是why 这个也要看reason在从句中作什么成分而定。
This is the reason why/for which he was late. (从句成分完整，不缺主语或宾语，且表示迟到的原因)
This is the reason that /which /不填he gave. （the reason在从句中作宾语）
下面的例子都属于这种情况：
① Many people like to chat online, _______, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.
A. which B. there C. that D. where
② All the neighbors admire this family, _________the parents are treating their child like a friend.
A. why B. where C. which D. that
③ It is a job _______ you can learn a great deal.
A. which B. what C. where D. that
④ During the talks neither of the two sides would accept an agreement _______ unequal terms are contained.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
⑤ One example of cybercrime is hacking, _______ users’ computers are illegally accessed.
⑥ Cheer up! Everyone may have periods in their lives _______ everything seems tough.
⑦ If a shop has chairs __________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
⑧ Every time he tries to break a record, he reaches a point ______ he feels he cannot physically do any more.
⑨ Some pre-school children go to a day care center,____ they learn simple games and songs.
⑩ It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.