备战中考 初中英语 重点题型二 选择型阅读理解 讲练（含答案）

重点题型二　选择型阅读理解
微技法1　细节理解
针对此类设题，考生需要在有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速浏览文章，发现文章中的细节信息，然后抓取关键词，定位到原文中来解题。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例1.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解A节选)China named its first Mars exploration mission(任务) Tianwen 1 on April 24, 2020, China's fifth Space Day. The name comes from a poem of the same name by Qu Yuan, one of the greatest poets of ancient China.
42．How does Tianwen 1 get its name
A．It was named by Qu Yuan.
B．It landed on Mars for the first time.
C．It comes from the name of Qu Yuan's Tianwen.
【解析】 根据本段第二句可知，这个名字来源于中国古代最伟大的诗人之一屈原的同名诗，故选C。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例2.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例2.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解A节选)The “Chinese Bridge” competition is organized every year to inspire foreign students to learn Chinese and improve their understanding of Chinese culture.
43．What do you know about the 20th “Chinese Bridge” competition
A．It was organized by Bulgarian people.
B．It was organized to inspire foreign students to learn Chinese.
C．Seven students from Sofia came to China to attend the competition.
【解析】 根据最后一段可知，每年举办“汉语桥”比赛，是为了鼓励外国学生学习汉语，增强他们对中国文化的了解，故选B。
INCLUDEPICTURE"例3.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例3.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解B节选)Pangolins have small heads and long, broad tails. They are toothless. They have small ears, but their hearing is good. Their sense of smell is well developed, too. But their sight is poor. When they feel frightened, they roll up into a ball to protect themselves. “My favorite thing about the pangolin is the scales(鳞片) it has on its body. They look cool，” Landon said.
45．How do pangolins protect themselves when they are in danger
A．They take off their scales.
B．They roll up into a ball.
C．They fight with their teeth.
【解析】 根据本段第六句可知，当它们感到害怕时，就会蜷缩成一团来保护自己，故选B。
微技法2　推理判断
此类题型要求考生对文章的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推断出隐含在文章中的事实及暗示的含义。常见的推理判断有以下三种：
1．针对文中细节的推断
INCLUDEPICTURE"例.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解B节选)Landon first learned about pangolins from a TV show, Wild Kratts. Knowing that pangolins are facing the danger of dying out, Landon quickly decided to take action to protect them. He wanted to tell everyone he knew about them. On Halloween, he had his parents carve(雕刻) a pangolin into their pumpkin(南瓜), so that when people asked what it was, he could tell them all about his favorite animal.
46．Why did Landon have his parents carve a pangolin into their pumpkin
A．He wanted to put protecting pangolins into action.
B．He wanted to make the pumpkin beautiful.
C．He wanted to raise more money.
【解析】 根据本段第二、三句可知，知道穿山甲正面临灭绝的危险后，Landon迅速决定采取行动来保护它们。他那么做是想告诉所有他认识的人关于穿山甲的事。由此可推断出，他想把保护穿山甲付诸行动，故选A。
2．针对文章出处的推断
INCLUDEPICTURE"例.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解D节选)
55．Where does this passage probably come from
A．A guide book. B．A website.
C．A science book.
【解析】通读全文可知，本篇文章最有可能来自网站的新闻报道，故选B。
3．针对作者态度、语气、风格、倾向的推断
微技法3　词义/句意猜测
此类题目在设置时，词义猜测多为生难词，句意猜测多为同义句的转换，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词、短语或句子意思的技巧。
1．根据上下文语境猜测词义
INCLUDEPICTURE"例.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解D节选)It started off as a normal day for the 49 year old shepherd, who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep on the mountainside. But soon the weather was terrible, with rainfall and hail. The rain got so heavy that he couldn't see clearly and had to run into a cave where he normally went to have a rest. Soon he fell asleep in the cave after covering himself with some quilts he had stored there.
52．What does the underlined word “shepherd” in Paragraph 2 mean in Chinese
A．牧羊人 B．指导者 C．国王
【解析】 根据下文who was taking care of his more than 30 sheep可知，shepherd在这里是“牧羊人”的意思，故选A。
2．通过同义词或近义词猜测词义
3．通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义
4．通过生活常识猜测词义
微技法4　段落/主旨大意
段落/主旨大意题要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对段落内容或文章内容进行归纳、概括或评价。解答这类题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语就断章取义。在涉及文章的主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题时，需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，从而挖掘出文章中隐含的信息。
1．开门见山式
2．藏头露尾式
3．首尾呼应式
INCLUDEPICTURE"例.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解B节选)If you think a 5 year old boy is too young to save the pangolins, you'd be wrong. Landon told us nobody's too young to save anything.
47．What does the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph
A．A 5 year old boy can't save pangolins.
B．Children can also save something.
C．It is wrong to save pangolins.
【解析】 根据最后一段可知，如果你认为一个5岁的男孩还太小，无法拯救穿山甲，那你就错了。Landon告诉我们，没有人因为太年轻而不能拯救任何东西。由此可推断出，作者想告诉我们孩子们也可以拯救一些东西，故选B。
微技法5　标题归纳
标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择恰当标题在英语阅读理解题中是深层理解题。一般从两个方面考查：
1．关注核心及高频词汇
2．根据主题句提炼标题
INCLUDEPICTURE"例.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "例.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT (2021·山东菏泽中考阅读理解D节选)Zhu Keming never thought he would be a hero one day, but he was just that on Saturday when he saved the lives of six runners during the mountain marathon(马拉松) in Baiyin, Gansu Province, in which 21 people lost their lives.
54．What's the best title for the passage
A．A shepherd saved six stricken runners.
B．21 runners lost their lives in Baiyin.
C．How to realize our hero dreams
【解析】本文主要讲述了一个牧羊人救了六个受伤的马拉松比赛选手的故事，故选A。
INCLUDEPICTURE"三级标题-重难题型精练a.TIF" INCLUDEPICTURE "三级标题-重难题型精练a.TIF" \* MERGEFORMAT
Passage 1
主题语境 语篇类型 难度
建议与意见 应用文 ★★★☆☆
Dear Steve，
In your last e mail, you said you wanted to buy a pet. Why not get one from an animal shelter(动物收容所) The big advantage is that you can save the life of a homeless animal that might die otherwise. You are able to offer the animal a good life. The money you paid to adopt(领养) your pet goes to the shelter. This means more animals can be saved and cared for.
Animal shelters are often run by volunteers, people that really care about animals. Some shelters even have programs to pair adopters with pets. They help you find a pet that's right for your lifestyle and home. Meet Your Match is one of them.
Thanks to Meet Your Match, I got my pet Ruffie. Ruffie is a cute dog. She was saved from a big fire when she was six months old. I have had her for over a year. She gets along well with everyone in my family, including my father's cat.
Other advantages are：
★Shelters get new animals every day, so there are always lots of choices.
★You can be sure the animal's health has been checked.
★ Shelter animals cost less than animals from pet shops.
At least you should try a shelter first when you look for a pet. I'm sure you will have a surprise.
Yours，
Arl
1．What is Meet Your Match
A．A program. B．A competition.
C．A volunteer group.
2．Compared with animals from pet shops, shelter animals are ________．
A．cuter B．healthier C．less expensive
3．Arl wrote the e mail mainly to ________．
A．ask for information B．say thank you
C．give advice
Passage 2
主题语境 语篇类型 难度
优秀品质 记叙文 ★★★☆☆
　　When Will Restall was in the fifth grade, he received bus safety training at school. The local bus drivers taught students about the buses' two way radio(对讲机) and showed the students how to use them in emergency situations(紧急情况). Will used what he learned to help an injured(受伤的) bus driver get quick medical treatment. People in his hometown now call the 11 year old a hero for his brave action.
Will was taking the bus to school one morning. Like every other student on the bus, Will was playing a video game on his phone. He had to wait for 10 minutes or so before he could get off the bus.
But then he heard a loud noise and looked up to see what happened. He saw that the bus driver was no longer in the driver's seat. She had passed out(晕倒) and slumped(倒下) over on the bus floor.
No time to waste, Will left his seat, grabbed(抓住) the two way radio and reported that the driver was hurt. The radios on each bus let Will's friends hear him report the emergency. Soon, another bus driver and an ambulance(救护车) arrived to help.
When they got there, the bus driver was awake and sitting up, but not speaking. They sent the driver to the hospital. Will and everyone else on the bus went to class as usual. Will's action attracted a lot of attention. A local TV station even interviewed him, although he didn't want to be in the spotlight(媒体和公众的注意).
1．Why did the local bus drivers teach students how to use the buses' two way radio
A．Because they knew Will would save a bus driver by using it one day.
B．Because they wanted to teach students to deal with emergency situations by using it.
C．Because the students were too young to use a mobile phone.
2．Which words can best describe Will Restall
A．Experienced but shy.
B．Shy but brave.
C．Brave and happy.
3．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．Will and the bus driver.
B．Another bus driver and an ambulance.
C．Police and doctors.
4．What would most probably happen if Will could not use the buses' two way radio
A．The bus driver would not be saved immediately and then died.
B．Will would be scolded(责备) by his teacher in class.
C．The bus driver's family would think Will had hurt the driver.
Passage 3
主题语境 语篇类型 难度
热门纪录片 议论文 ★★★★☆
　　If you love books, you will not want to miss the documentary The Booksellers.
It introduces a fascinating world of sellers who have rare(珍贵的) books to us. They are part scholars(学者), part detectives(侦探) and part business persons, and their knowledge is as broad(广阔) as the material they deal with. They also play an important role in keeping history.
Directed by D．W.Young, the film shows us the importance of saving the printed word. It will be enjoyed by people who cannot pass a bookstore without going inside, along with those who have bookshelves full of books and keep buying more.
There were over 360 bookstores in New York in the 1950s, but now there are only 79. The main cause of the change is the Internet. With the Internet, people can easily find and buy rare books. This is harmful to booksellers, and at the same time, it also spoils the excitement of searching for books, holding a book and turning its pages, going to bookstores and book markets.
However, that's not to say the world of book collecting isn't still very active. This documentary is full of people who are so enthusiastic(热情的) about unusual books. In fact, many collectors collect unusual books mainly because of their love of books. They usually have a deeply personal connection(关联) with the books they buy.
Although it can feel a little boring in some parts of the 99 minute documentary, it is a film with great heart. It will make you want to run out to your nearest bookstore and spend a few hours finding something that speaks to you.
1．The documentary The Booksellers is about ________．
A．the bookstores in New York in the 1950s
B．the booksellers of rare books, who play an important role in keeping history
C．the people who can't pass a bookstore without going inside
2．The underlined word “spoils” in Paragraph 4 means “________” in Chinese.
A．提高 B．毁掉 C．产生
3．According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true
A．The sellers of rare books help keep history.
B．The use of the Internet makes the number of bookstores in New York drop greatly.
C．The running time of the documentary is two hours.
4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage
A．The main cause of the bookstores' change in New York
B．D.W.Young, the director of the documentary The Booksellers
C．The Booksellers: looking into a fascinating world
参考答案
【菏泽题型精练】
Passage 1　1～3 ACC
Passage 2　1～4 BBBA
Passage 3　1～4 BBCC