前置与倒装
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前置和倒装
Ⅰ.前置
英语句子的一般语序为"主语＋谓语"。如果把在正常情况下通常出现在后面的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置，从而起到特殊强调的作用，我们称这种语法手段为前置。使用前置手段的结果，有时会引起局部倒装，有时则会引起全部倒装。以下就句子成分的前置而引起的倒装谈谈自己的看法。
1．谓语动词的前置
当谓语动词是由情态动词（或助动词）＋行为动词构成时，为了强调动作，可将行为动词移至句首，形成倒装。例如：
While he can't do，do he will．
Write a poem I can't；let me write an essay instead．
2．宾语的前置
一般情况下，宾语前置不会引起全部倒装，但当前置宾语由"not a ＋名词"或"not a single ＋名词"构成时，会引起全部倒装。例如：
The young fellow had a terrible time gambling at the casino．Not a winning number did he have all night．
3．宾语补足语的前置
宾语补足语一般应放在宾语之后，但如果宾语过长，则应将其移至宾语之前，结构为：动词＋宾语补足语＋宾语。例如：
Tom made clear his whole-hearted support to the project．
4．表语的前置
如果主语较长或主语结构较复杂，有时将表语置于句首，引起倒装。例如：
Satisfied indeed are those who get position promotion．
有时为使上下文联系紧密而把表语移至句首引起倒装。例如：
An atom is made up like a solar system．In the center is something like our sun of great mass-the nucleus．
5．定语的前置
当从句、不定式或介词短语等作定语修饰主语时，通常紧跟在主语之后，但如果定语成分过长，应将其放在谓语动词之后，以使主语和谓语靠近，其结构为：主语＋谓语＋定语。例如：
The time had come for my sister to have a serious talk with her boyfriend．
6．状语的前置
最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。这里有两种情况：一种是全部倒装，即整个谓语置于主语之前；另一种是局部倒装，即仅将助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。引起倒装的前置状语大体可分为下列几种情况：
1）当表示地点的副词或介词短语作句首状语时，常引起全部倒装。例如：
From the valley came a frightening sound．
Here comes the bus．
2）never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时，大多数情况下会引起主谓语序的倒装。常见的这类词或词组有never，seldom， rarely，no sooner，not only．．．but（also）等。例如：
Never have women received so much equal rights available as today． No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong．
3）句首状语由only ＋副词／介词短语或only ＋状语从句构成时，也可引起倒装。例如： Only once have she gone there． Only under special circumstances are people permitted to enter this room． Only when you have mastered some basic language knowledge can you communicate correctly． 如果only修饰的是句子的主语，则不必用倒装。例如： Only freshmen are permitted to take part in the English contest．
4）当状语结构"so＋副词"前置时，通常引起局部倒装。例如： So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus．
5）当频度状语和方式状语等移至句首时，有时也引起倒装。例如： Many a time has teacher given me good advice． Thus began peaceful times between the two countries．
6）虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时，were，had和 should要移至主语之前，引起倒装。例如： Had they time，they would certainly come and helpus． Were he to tell us everything，we could try to solve his problem． Exercises：
1．Under the big tree________of six years old． a．sat a little girl? b．did a little girl sat c．a little girl was sitting d．?a little girl sat
2．Only after being advised several times，________to apologize to us． a．then he began? b．did he begin c．he could tell? d．he began
3．Not until yesterday morning________raining． a．it had stopped? b．had it stopped c．it stopped??? d．it did stop
4．So rich_________that he has money to travel around the world． a．he was? b．he is c．is he？ d．was he
5．"What did you do yesterday ？________" a．the man asked?b．asked the man c．did the man ask?d．both a and b
Answers：1．a? 2．b? 3．b? 4．c? 5．d
II.倒装句分为两种，部分倒装和全部倒装
部分倒装 将谓语的一部分提到主语之前
全部倒装 将谓语的全部提到主语之前
A.部分倒装 :
1. 句首状语为否定副词或半否定副词的句子
这类词或短语主要有:not, no, never, neither, nor, few, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, 等
He did not like the painting. Neither did I.
Neither am I impressed by the paintings nor do I like them.
Never in my life have I seen such wonderful pictures.
Not a word did he say about his visit to the art museum.
At no time during the tour was I bored. Seldom does he paint now.
Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow.
如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：
It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.
若hardly, scarcely后接any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。 Hardly any people having been invited went there.
① Hardly __C__ the airport when the plane took off.
A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to
② —Have you ever seen anything like that before?
—No, ___C___ anything like that before.
A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen
③ She is not fond of cooking, ___B_____ I.
A.so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do
2. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。
Only on such a trip can you learn as much about European artists. (介词短语)
Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)
Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)
④ Only in this way __B__make progress in your English.
A.you B.can you C.you be able to D.will you able to
⑤ Only when the meeting was over_C___ go back to meet his friend.
A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he
3. so(也)或so / such...that结构引导的短语放在句首
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
Li Ming enjoyed the museum. So did his grand mother and aunt.
So crowded was the art gallery that I could hardly move about.
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
⑥ I like sports and ____A____ my brother.
A. so does B. so is C. so can D. so likes
⑦The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and ___B___.
A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so
⑧ So loudly __B___ that ______ hear her clearly.
A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could
C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could
4. “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。
Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.
Not only the mother but also the children are sick.
not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。
⑨ __A___himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.
A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was
5. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。
Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)
Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.（复合句)
⑩ Not until the early years of the 19th century ___D__ know what heat is.
A.man did B.man C.didn't man D.did man
⑾Not until I began to work _B__ realize how much time I had wasted.
A. didn‘t I B. did I C. I didn’t D. I
6. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。
Many a time has John given me good advice. Often have we made that test.
⒀ Many a time ____C____ swimming alone.
A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy
7.虚拟语气中省略if时，主谓部分倒装。
If I were a teacher, what would you do then?→Were I a teacher,what would you do then?
Had we made adequate preparations , the party would have been a success.
→If we had made adequate preparations, the party would have been a success.
Practice: If the picture were unique, it would be valuable.
(Were the picture unique, it would be valuable. )
If the museum had been closed, we would have been upset.
(Had the museum been closed, we would have been upset. )
B.全部倒装
1. There be结构。可用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。
There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question.
① _D_ a beautiful palace ___ the foot of the hill.
A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at
2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主语" 结构。
Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
There comes the bus. Now comes your turn.
除了then引导的句子常用过去式,如果表示一种生动的描述时则常用一般现在时。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: Here you are. There she comes.
② There ____A____. And here ________.
A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she
C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she
3. 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装,且主语名词时
In came Mr White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.
③ Out ___C_____, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush
④ ______C_____ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.
A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down
C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped
4. "分词(代词such) + be + 主语"结构。
Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. Such was the story he told me.
⑤ ____B____, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.
A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein
⑥ ____A___ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.
A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going
5. 表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时且主语名词时,要全部倒装。
On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. In front of the classroom is a playground.
⑦ Near the church ____A____ cottage.
A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old
6.句首为直接引语时 “This,”said the artist, “is the most beautiful place I have ever seen.”
7.当主语较长，谓语很短时，为了使句子平衡把某一成分放在句首，主谓全部倒装。
Gone are my friends from the cotton fields away.
Present at the conference were General Manager, Vice-general Managers and 215directors.
部分提前主谓不倒装
1.由as, however (no matter how), though和be 引起的让步状语从句主谓不倒装,只须把形容词, 副词,分词, 实义动词提前提到as前,且单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。
Tired as he was, he kept on running. Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the box.
Child as he was, he could work out the problem.
However hard I try, I can’t understand the question.
Close though the union of small particles is, we have found ways of breaking them.
Be the rain ever so heavy, I will go there now.
⑿___C__, he's honest.
A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he
2. 表示祝愿的句子中的May倒装 May our country become prosperous and strong!
More practice
1._C__come to our country as today.
A.Foreign guests who have never B.Never so many foreign guests have
C.Never have so many foreign guest. D.The foreign guests aren't ever
2.___A__that he could not speak for a long time.
A.So frightened was he B.So frightened he was
C.Was he so frightened D.Frightened was he
3.Many a time __D__good advice.
A.gives me his B.he gives me C.I give him D.does he give me
4.Rarely_C__so difficult a choice.
A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced with
C.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with
5.In a phycial change no new substance is formed, __A__in the composition of mater.
A.nor does any change take place B.nor any change takes place
C.not any change takes place D.either any change take place
6.Only in a few countries__B___a reasonable standard of living.
A.the whole of the population enjoy B.the whole of the population enjoys
C.does the whole of the population enjoy D.has a whole of the population enjoy
7.Seldom___B__to come over to have a chat with him in those days.
A.have I have time B.did I have time C.I have time D.I have got time
8."Tomorrow will be Sunday." "___A__."
A.So it will B.So will it C.Either it will D.Either will it
9.Little __C___that the district was very rich in resources.
A.we suspectected B.we did suspect C.did we suspect D.do we suspect
10.The teacher is not too happy with the student, and _B__ is his father.
A.not B.neither C.either D.so
11.No sooner had they reached the station __D_ the train left.
A.until B.when C.then D.than
12.Under no circumstances and at no time _D__the first to use nuclear weapon.
A.we are B.we will be C.were we D.shall we be
13.___B___,he sat up late writing his book.
A.As he was tired B.Tired though he was C.Tired as was he D.It is bcause he was tired
14.Never before that night___A___the extent of my own power.
A.had I felt B.I felt C.did I feel D.I had felt
15.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of English grammar___B___writer in English correctly.
A.you will B.can you C.you can D.you could
Ⅰ.前置
英语句子的一般语序为"主语＋谓语"。如果把在正常情况下通常出现在后面的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置，从而起到特殊强调的作用，我们称这种语法手段为前置。使用前置手段的结果，有时会引起局部倒装，有时则会引起全部倒装。以下就句子成分的前置而引起的倒装谈谈自己的看法。
1．谓语动词的前置
当谓语动词是由情态动词（或助动词）＋行为动词构成时，为了强调动作，可将行为动词移至句首，形成倒装。例如：
While he can't do，do he will．
Write a poem I can't；let me write an essay instead．
2．宾语的前置
一般情况下，宾语前置不会引起全部倒装，但当前置宾语由"not a ＋名词"或"not a single ＋名词"构成时，会引起全部倒装。例如：
The young fellow had a terrible time gambling at the casino．Not a winning number did he have all night．
3．宾语补足语的前置
宾语补足语一般应放在宾语之后，但如果宾语过长，则应将其移至宾语之前，结构为：动词＋宾语补足语＋宾语。例如：
Tom made clear his whole-hearted support to the project．
4．表语的前置
如果主语较长或主语结构较复杂，有时将表语置于句首，引起倒装。例如：
Satisfied indeed are those who get position promotion．
有时为使上下文联系紧密而把表语移至句首引起倒装。例如：
An atom is made up like a solar system．In the center is something like our sun of great mass-the nucleus．
5．定语的前置
当从句、不定式或介词短语等作定语修饰主语时，通常紧跟在主语之后，但如果定语成分过长，应将其放在谓语动词之后，以使主语和谓语靠近，其结构为：主语＋谓语＋定语。例如：
The time had come for my sister to have a serious talk with her boyfriend．
6．状语的前置
最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。这里有两种情况：一种是全部倒装，即整个谓语置于主语之前；另一种是局部倒装，即仅将助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。引起倒装的前置状语大体可分为下列几种情况：
1）当表示地点的副词或介词短语作句首状语时，常引起全部倒装。例如：
From the valley came a frightening sound．
Here comes the bus．
2）never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于句首时，大多数情况下会引起主谓语序的倒装。常见的这类词或词组有never，seldom， rarely，no sooner，not only．．．but（also）等。例如：
Never have women received so much equal rights available as today． No sooner had he begun to speak than I sensed that something was wrong．
3）句首状语由only ＋副词／介词短语或only ＋状语从句构成时，也可引起倒装。例如： Only once have she gone there． Only under special circumstances are people permitted to enter this room． Only when you have mastered some basic language knowledge can you communicate correctly． 如果only修饰的是句子的主语，则不必用倒装。例如： Only freshmen are permitted to take part in the English contest．
4）当状语结构"so＋副词"前置时，通常引起局部倒装。例如： So quickly did the workmen finish their work that they were given a bonus．
5）当频度状语和方式状语等移至句首时，有时也引起倒装。例如： Many a time has teacher given me good advice． Thus began peaceful times between the two countries．
6）虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时，were，had和 should要移至主语之前，引起倒装。例如： Had they time，they would certainly come and helpus． Were he to tell us everything，we could try to solve his problem． Exercises：
1．Under the big tree________of six years old． a．sat a little girl? b．did a little girl sat c．a little girl was sitting d．?a little girl sat
2．Only after being advised several times，________to apologize to us． a．then he began? b．did he begin c．he could tell? d．he began
3．Not until yesterday morning________raining． a．it had stopped? b．had it stopped c．it stopped??? d．it did stop
4．So rich_________that he has money to travel around the world． a．he was? b．he is c．is he？ d．was he
5．"What did you do yesterday ？________" a．the man asked?b．asked the man c．did the man ask?d．both a and b
Answers：1．a? 2．b? 3．b? 4．c? 5．d
II.倒装句分为两种，部分倒装和全部倒装
部分倒装 将谓语的一部分提到主语之前
全部倒装 将谓语的全部提到主语之前
A.部分倒装 :
1. 句首状语为否定副词或半否定副词的句子
这类词或短语主要有:not, no, never, neither, nor, few, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, 等
He did not like the painting. Neither did I.
Neither am I impressed by the paintings nor do I like them.
Never in my life have I seen such wonderful pictures.
Not a word did he say about his visit to the art museum.
At no time during the tour was I bored. Seldom does he paint now.
Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow.
如果上述否定副词出现在强调句型中的前半部分，不用倒装：
It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.
若hardly, scarcely后接any, ever, at all时，意义类似almost no/ not/ never（几乎不、从不），则无须倒装。 Hardly any people having been invited went there.
① Hardly __C__ the airport when the plane took off.
A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to
② —Have you ever seen anything like that before?
—No, ___C___ anything like that before.
A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen
③ She is not fond of cooking, ___B_____ I.
A.so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do
2. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。
Only on such a trip can you learn as much about European artists. (介词短语)
Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)
Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)
Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)
④ Only in this way __B__make progress in your English.
A.you B.can you C.you be able to D.will you able to
⑤ Only when the meeting was over_C___ go back to meet his friend.
A. he could B. he was able to C. was he able to D. was able to he
3. so(也)或so / such...that结构引导的短语放在句首
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.
Li Ming enjoyed the museum. So did his grand mother and aunt.
So crowded was the art gallery that I could hardly move about.
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.
⑥ I like sports and ____A____ my brother.
A. so does B. so is C. so can D. so likes
⑦The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and ___B___.
A. so did Charlie B. Charlie did so C. Charlie does so D. did Charlie so
⑧ So loudly __B___ that ______ hear her clearly.
A. did she speak; could everyone B. did she speak; everyone could
C. she spoke; could everyone D. she spoke; everyone could
4. “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。
Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.
Not only the mother but also the children are sick.
not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。
⑨ __A___himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.
A. Not was only he B. Not only he C. Not only was he D. Not only was
5. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。
Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)
Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time.（复合句)
⑩ Not until the early years of the 19th century ___D__ know what heat is.
A.man did B.man C.didn't man D.did man
⑾Not until I began to work _B__ realize how much time I had wasted.
A. didn‘t I B. did I C. I didn’t D. I
6. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。
Many a time has John given me good advice. Often have we made that test.
⒀ Many a time ____C____ swimming alone.
A. the boy went B. went the boy C. did the boy go D. did go the boy
7.虚拟语气中省略if时，主谓部分倒装。
If I were a teacher, what would you do then?→Were I a teacher,what would you do then?
Had we made adequate preparations , the party would have been a success.
→If we had made adequate preparations, the party would have been a success.
Practice: If the picture were unique, it would be valuable.
(Were the picture unique, it would be valuable. )
If the museum had been closed, we would have been upset.
(Had the museum been closed, we would have been upset. )
B.全部倒装
1. There be结构。可用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。
There stood a dog before him. There exist different opinions on this question.
① _D_ a beautiful palace ___ the foot of the hill.
A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at
2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主语" 结构。
Here comes the old lady! Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.
There comes the bus. Now comes your turn.
除了then引导的句子常用过去式,如果表示一种生动的描述时则常用一般现在时。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: Here you are. There she comes.
② There ____A____. And here ________.
A. goes the phone; she comes B. is the phone going; is she
C. does the phone go; does she come D. the phone goes; come she
3. 表示方向的副词out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装,且主语名词时
In came Mr White. Up went the arrow into the air. Away went the boy.
③ Out ___C_____, with a stick in his hand.
A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush
④ ______C_____ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.
A. Jumped down the robber B. Jumped the robber down
C. Down jumped the robber D. Down the robber jumped
4. "分词(代词such) + be + 主语"结构。
Walking at the head of the line was our teacher. Such was the story he told me.
⑤ ____B____, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.
A. Einstein was such B. Such was Einstein C. Einstein was so D. So was Einstein
⑥ ____A___ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.
A. Gone B. Go C. To go D. Going
5. 表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room等)放在句首时且主语名词时,要全部倒装。
On the top of the hill stands a pine tree. In front of the classroom is a playground.
⑦ Near the church ____A____ cottage.
A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old
6.句首为直接引语时 “This,”said the artist, “is the most beautiful place I have ever seen.”
7.当主语较长，谓语很短时，为了使句子平衡把某一成分放在句首，主谓全部倒装。
Gone are my friends from the cotton fields away.
Present at the conference were General Manager, Vice-general Managers and 215directors.
部分提前主谓不倒装
1.由as, however (no matter how), though和be 引起的让步状语从句主谓不倒装,只须把形容词, 副词,分词, 实义动词提前提到as前,且单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词。
Tired as he was, he kept on running. Try as I might, I couldn’t lift the box.
Child as he was, he could work out the problem.
However hard I try, I can’t understand the question.
Close though the union of small particles is, we have found ways of breaking them.
Be the rain ever so heavy, I will go there now.
⑿___C__, he's honest.
A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he
2. 表示祝愿的句子中的May倒装 May our country become prosperous and strong!
More practice
1._C__come to our country as today.
A.Foreign guests who have never B.Never so many foreign guests have
C.Never have so many foreign guest. D.The foreign guests aren't ever
2.___A__that he could not speak for a long time.
A.So frightened was he B.So frightened he was
C.Was he so frightened D.Frightened was he
3.Many a time __D__good advice.
A.gives me his B.he gives me C.I give him D.does he give me
4.Rarely_C__so difficult a choice.
A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced with
C.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with
5.In a phycial change no new substance is formed, __A__in the composition of mater.
A.nor does any change take place B.nor any change takes place
C.not any change takes place D.either any change take place
6.Only in a few countries__B___a reasonable standard of living.
A.the whole of the population enjoy B.the whole of the population enjoys
C.does the whole of the population enjoy D.has a whole of the population enjoy
7.Seldom___B__to come over to have a chat with him in those days.
A.have I have time B.did I have time C.I have time D.I have got time
8."Tomorrow will be Sunday." "___A__."
A.So it will B.So will it C.Either it will D.Either will it
9.Little __C___that the district was very rich in resources.
A.we suspectected B.we did suspect C.did we suspect D.do we suspect
10.The teacher is not too happy with the student, and _B__ is his father.
A.not B.neither C.either D.so
11.No sooner had they reached the station __D_ the train left.
A.until B.when C.then D.than
12.Under no circumstances and at no time _D__the first to use nuclear weapon.
A.we are B.we will be C.were we D.shall we be
13.___B___,he sat up late writing his book.
A.As he was tired B.Tired though he was C.Tired as was he D.It is bcause he was tired
14.Never before that night___A___the extent of my own power.
A.had I felt B.I felt C.did I feel D.I had felt
15.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of English grammar___B___writer in English correctly.
A.you will B.can you C.you can D.you could