情态动词
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情态动词讲解
情态动词shall/will的意义和用法
1. shall 和will都表示将来行为或想法时，shall一般只用于第一人称；而will在现代英语中，可用于任何人称；如：
I shall / will go there with you. 我将跟你一起去那儿。
He will come here soon. 他马上就要来了。
2. 表示意志时，shall 一般表示征求听话人的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、三人称的疑问句中。如：
Shall he be brought here? 把他带到这儿来吗？
3. shall说话者的意图，意思为：允若，命令、警告；而will表示句子主语的意志。如：
You shall follow him only. 你只跟着他。
He shall get his lost car in a few days. 再过几天他就可得到他失去的车了。
I will give it to you. 我将把它给你。
4. will表示习惯性的动作，意思为：总是，常会。如：
shall的情态动词用法
1. 在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中，也用于第三人称)，其意为“要不要”、“…好吗”。如：
Shall we meet again tonight? 咱们今晚要不要再碰碰头?
Shall they wait for you? 要不要他们等你?
2. 在陈述句中表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)
That day shall come．那一天一定会来。(表必然性)
You shall hear everything directly you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允诺）
注：用于第一人称，则表示决心。如：
I shall return. 我一定回来。(表示决心)
情态动词may的意义和用法
(1) 表示许可，意为“可以”。如：
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？
You may take everything you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
注意：might除用作may的过去式外，还可表示现在，但语气更委婉。如：
Might I have a look at your new computer? 我可否看一看你的信电脑？
You might tell us the truth. 你不妨把真相告诉我们。
若用might代替may提出请求，注意其答语不能再用might。如：
—Might I ask you a question?
—Yes, you may. / No, you can’t.
(2) 表示推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“可能”。如：
He may be very busy now. 他现在可能很忙。
He said that she might not be at work today. 他说她今天可能不上班。
(3) can 和may 都可表示可能性，can 通常用于否定句和疑问句，而may 则通常用于肯定句和否定句。虽然两者均可用于否定句，但其意思不同：can’t 意为“不可能”，may not 意为“可能不”。如：
It can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
It may not be true. 那可能不是真的。
另外，can 和may 均可表示请求允许，但can 为一般用词，而may为正式用语。
must 的用法
1. 表示“必须”：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句；用于否定句时，mustn’t 的意思是“一定不要”、“不能”，而不是“不必”。如：
You must keep it a secret. 这事你得保密。
You must not drive without a license. 你不得无证开车。
注：对于must 开头一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，可用needn’t，不用mustn’t。
2. 表示推测：意为“准是”、“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句用 can 代之。推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行式；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成式。如：
You must know his address. 你一定知道他的地址。
You must be joking. 你准是在说笑话。
He must have arrived already. 他一定已经到了。
3. must 与 have to 的区别：一是强调重点不同：must 强调主观看法，have to 强调客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意；时态形式不同：must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去)，而 have to 可以根据使用多种时态形式；非谓语形式不同：have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而 must 没有这些形式；否定式的意义不同：must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“一定不要”、“不允许”；而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为“不必”(=needn’t)。
4. 有时表示“应该”或“偏偏”。如：
You must say hello to her．你应当跟她打个招呼。
Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗？
must与have to的用法说明
(1) must表示主观义务，意思是“应该，必须”，其否定式mustn’t意为“不应该，不准”。如：
We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。
对用must所提问题的否定回答，常用needn’t或don’t have to，意思为：不必。如：
Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗？
No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了，没有必要。
2. must表示推测，意思为：一定，必定(只用于肯定句中) 。如：
He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长(from www.yygrammar.com)。
He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
3. have to表示客观要求，意思为：不得不；必须；除此之外，别无选择。如：
Now there’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了，我们只好走路回家了。
We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。
4. have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：
The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
dare的意义和应用
1. dare既可作情态动词，又可作实义(行为) 动词，意思为：敢，敢于。如：
Dare you tell me what you did last night? 你敢把昨晚所干的事情告诉我吗？(情态动词)
Do you dare to tell me what you did last night? 你敢把昨晚所干的事情告诉我吗？(行为动词)
2. dare作情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，但有过去式：dared, 常用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：
If you dare tell anyone else about that, I will punish you. 要是你敢告诉其他人的话，我就要惩罚你。
Dare you reason with your father? 你敢跟你父亲论理吗？
注意：在一些习惯用语中，dare也可用于肯定句中，若用于第一人称时，一般表示自谦，意思为：斗胆，冒昧。若用于第二人称时，一般表示赌气，意思：岂敢。如：
I dare say you are a fool. 我敢说你是个傻瓜。
Dare you do it again? 你敢再做一次？
3. dare用作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可与助动词连用，且有非谓语形式。如：
Did he dare to say so then? 他那时干这么说吗？
He dares to do anything. 他任何事情都敢做(from www.yygrammar.com)。
注意：dare做行为动词时，在肯定句中接不定式时，须接to；而在否定句中，接不定式时，to可省略。如：
He doesn’t dare (to) disobey his father. 他不敢违背父亲的意志。
need的意义和应用
1. need既可作情态动词，又可作实义(行为) 动词，意思为：需要。如：
You needn’t go there yourself. 你不必自己亲自去那儿。
I need a computer. 我需要一台电脑。
2. need作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句中；对疑问句的肯定回答，一般用must. 如：
Need I do anything for you? 需要我为你干些什么吗？
Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 是呀，你得做。/ 不，没有必要。
3. need作实义(行为) 动词时，有人称、数及时态的变化，它可接名词，代词，动词不定式及动词的-ing形式做宾语。接动词-ing形式做宾语时，它的主动形式表被动意义。如：
He needs help. 他需要帮助。
Does he need help? 他需要帮助吗？
He doesn’t need help. 它不需要帮助。
The house needs cleaning. 房子需要清理。
be able to 与can用法区别
(1) be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：
She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。
(2) be able to 强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。如：
Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是，他终于逃出了大火。
If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 要是他早几小时来，我还能救他。
(3) be able to 可以有各种时态；而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。如：
I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。
Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗？
He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙(from www.yygrammar.com)。
(4) can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。
情态动词can的意义和用法
(1) 表示能力，意思为“能，会”。如：
I can sing this song in English. 我能用英语唱这首歌。
Can you tell me where the museum is? 你能告诉我博物馆在哪吗？
(2) 表示许可，意思是“可以”。如：
You can use my pen instead 你可以用我的笔。
Can I come in? 我可以进来吗？
(3) 表示推测，意为“可能，会”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
Can he be there too? 他也会在那儿吗？
He can’t have finished his work. 它不可能把工作做完了。
【说明】有时也用于肯定句中表示“有时”，或表示理论上的可能性。如：
She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
(4) 表示惊讶，通常用于疑问句、否定句和惊叹句中。如：
Can this be your reason? 这难道就是你的理由？
How can you say it like that? 你怎么能那样说话呢？
注意：从理论上说，could是can的过去式，但在某些场合中，could可用来代替can，表示现在的情况，只是语气较can委婉，此时，若用could来提问题，回答时，应该用can，而不用 could。如：
Could you answer me a question? 请回答我一个问题好吗？
Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 好。/ 不行。
will与would用法详解
1. 表示意愿
will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿：
I will pay you at the rate you ask. 我愿意照你要求的价钱付款。
Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。
He wouldn’t help me yesterday. 他昨天不愿帮助我。
She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿同他们一起去。
【注】(1) 表示“意愿”的 will 有时可用于条件句中：
If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意，我可以送你回家。
(2) would也可表示现在的意愿，语气较委婉：
I’d go there with you. 我愿同你去那儿。
I wouldn’t go. 我不会去。
2. 表示征求意见或提出请求
主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气：
Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?
Will [would] you please post the letter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗?
Would Sunday night suit you? 星期天晚上适合你吗?
【注】(1) 有时为使语气委婉，可用否定式。总的说来，用would比用will委婉，用won’t和wouldn’t比单独用will和would要委婉。
(2) would有时用于提出想法，通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用，若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should：
I’d like [love] to have a look at it. 我想看看它。
I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天不想出去。
3. 表示习惯和倾向性
will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯：
Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水上。
This window won’t open. 这扇窗户经常打不开。
He’ll talk for hours, if you let him. 你要让他讲，他会讲几个小时。
The wound would not heal. (过去)伤口老不愈合。
When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。
He would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all. 有时他在那里一坐几个钟头，什么也不做。
【注】有时would表示经常发生的令人不耐烦的事：
That’s just like him—he would lose his keys! 他就是这样，老丢钥匙!
4. 表示推测
will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)：
This car will hold six people. 这辆小汽车可以坐六个人。
Ask him. He will know. 问问他吧，他大概知道。
You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家都会有本难念的经。
The person you mentioned would be her father, is that right? 你提的那个人想必是她的父亲，对吗?
【注】有时可后接完成式，表示对过去可能已经发生的情况进行推测：
You will have heard of it. 你已经听到那事了吧。(from www.yygrammar.com)
I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。
5. 表示执意或决心
will表示现在的执意和决心，would表示过去的执意和决心：
“Tell me the secret.” “I won’t.”“把秘密告诉我。”“我才不哩。”
I won’t have anything said against her. 我绝不让谁说她的坏话。
He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。
【注】此用法可视为表意愿的加强用法，即强烈的意愿即为决心。
6. 其他用法
will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等，而would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等：
You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。
You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。
That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱那样讲话。
You would never do anything to hurt me. 你绝不会做伤害我的事的。
7. would与虚拟条件句
有时用would，可视为是省略了或包含有相关条件的虚拟语气：
I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可能亲自去看她，那样更好些。(=It would be better if I saw her personally.)
She’d be stupid not to accept. 她不接受那才笨呢。(=She would be stupid if the didn’t accept.)
had better 和 would rather 的用法
had better?意为“最好”，would rather 意为“宁愿”，两者均后接动词原形，否定式均应在动词原形前加 not；在否定疑问句和反意疑问句中可用 hadn’t / wouldn’t。如：
You’d better not disturb him. 你最好别去打扰他。
He’d rather (not) go by car. 他宁愿(不)坐汽车去。
注：would rather 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。如：
I’d rather you went tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天去。
I’d rather he hadn't told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
情态动词考题的两个侧重点
一般情态动词考题的考查主要涉及两个方面，一是对情态动词所用句型的考查，二是对情态动词在一定的语境中的意义的考查。如：
1. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must B. can C. need D. may
最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
2. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be B. won’t be??????????????? C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C。
3. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I ________ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。
应对情态动词考题的三个小技巧
技巧1 充分利用句子语境
综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。如：
(1) Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
分析：答案选C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
(2) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It _________ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
分析：答案选D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
(3) —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t。
(4) He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析：答案选A。could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
(5) —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She _________. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
分析：答案选C。既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
技巧2 根据时间确定时态
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式。如：
(1) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析：答案选B。句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
(2) This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
分析：答案选D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
(3) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— Oh, dear! She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
分析：答案选D。由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
技巧3 注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。如：
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析：答案选 D。在通常情况下，情态动词?can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
有关情态动词的10条学习要点
1. 弄清基本语法特点
情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。情态动词具有以下3个特点：
(1) 情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2) 情态动词虽有时态的变化，但却没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3) 变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句，直接在情态动词后加not，构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法
(1) can表示具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会”。如：
Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题？
(2)can 的过去式为could，但它通常只表示过去一般性能力，不表示过去特定场合下的能力，遇此情况要用 was [were] able to。如：
I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。
They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法
can / could / may / might均可表示许可，只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可，而can较侧重客观情况的许可；could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气；在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may，不能用 could / might。如：
— Could [Can, May, Might] I use it? 我可以借用它吗?
— Yes, you can [may]. 可以。（不用 could / might）
must?表示必须作某事，其否定式mustn’t表示“不可以”。如：
We must?not speak of it again. 我们再也不要谈这事了。
4. 弄清表推测的 can / may / could / might / should / must的用法
(1) 从所用句型来看：can用于否定句和疑问句，may用于肯定句和否定式，两者均可用于否定句，但是含义不同(cannot=不可能，may not=可能不)；could, might 和 should 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句；must 表示推测通常只用于肯定句。如：
She can’t be in the office now. 她现在不可能在办公室。
She may not be free tonight. 她今晚可能没空。
He may [might] come tonight. 他今晚可能会来。
Might he know this? 他会知道这事吗?
(2) 从语气上看，can / may / could / might 的语气较不确定，尤其是might, could，其意很不肯定；should表示推测时，其语气比较肯定，它通常指非常可能的事，并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎常理；must 表示推测的语气最肯定。注意有时高考也会对这种语气上的差异命题，如下面这道高考题：
“When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.” “They _________ be ready by 12:00.”
A. can B. should C. might D. need
在四个选项中，首先可排除A和D，因为它们通常不用肯定句中；而B和C均可用于肯定句表示推测，但根据句意：顾客下午要照片，此时店主显然应用语气较肯定的should，而不宜用语气很不肯定的 might，否则顾客是不会满意的。
5. 弄清shall 与 will 的用法
(1) shall 除用于第一人称表示单纯将来外，还可用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等。如：
You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到明天你可以得到答复。
He shall have a bicycle for his birthday. 他可以得到一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
(2) will 可以表示习惯和倾向性，意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”如：
The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。
(3) Shall I (we)…? 可用于征求意见等，Will you…?可用于表示请求或邀请等。如：
Shall I turn on the light? 要不要把灯打开?
Will you join us for dinner? 你可否和我们一道去吃晚饭?
6. 弄清must表示“偏偏”的用法
情态动词?must 有时可以表示固执、偏激或碰巧，通常可译为“偏偏”。如：
After I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。
The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假，汽车偏偏坏了。
7. need和dare的用法要点
need和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词，用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，可用肯定句、否定句和疑问句；用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形。如：
You need not pay—it is free. 你不必付钱，这是免费的。
We need to have lots of patience. 我们需要有很大的耐心。
Who would dare to tell him? 谁会敢告诉他?
He dared not go there at night. 晚上他不敢到那里去。
How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题?
注：need 表示“需要”，其后可接动名词，且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。
8. 弄清“情态动词+完成式”的用法
(1) must + have done：用于肯定句，表示推测，意为“一定(已经)……”。
(2) can + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。
(3) could + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示推测、责备或遗憾等，意为“可能……”“本来可以……”“本来应该……”等。
(4) should [ought to] + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示责备或遗憾等，意为“本来应该……”。
(5) need + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，用于否定时意为“本来不必”，用于疑问句时意为“有必要……吗”。
(6) may + have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。
(7) might + have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……(此时 might 可换为 may)；另外还可以表示过去可能发生的事结果未发生，意为“本来会……”(此时 might 不能换为 may)。
He can’t have left so soon. 他不可能走得这么早。
I should have thought of it. 我本应想到这一点的。
You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。
I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我或许得出了错误的结论。
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本可帮助我的，为什么只坐在一旁瞧着?
9. 弄清“情态动词+进行式”的用法
这类结构主要用于对一个正在进行的动作进行推测、责备、描述等。如：
He might be waiting for you. 他可能在等你(www.yygrammar.com)。
You should be wearing your sunglasses. 你应当戴着你的太阳镜。
He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话，要不就是疯了。
10. 弄清may [might] as well和may [might] well的用法
(1) may [might] as well可用来提出建议等，可译为“不妨”(用might时口气更委婉一些)。如：
Catherine, you may as well come too. 凯瑟琳，你不妨也去。
If that’s the case, I may as well try. 如果情况如此，我不妨试一试。
(2) may [might] well可表示比较有把握的推测，意为“很可能”。如：
You might well be right. 你很可能是对的。
动词时态、语态及情态动词专练100题
?56. — May I hand in the composition tomorrow?
? — No, you ____, because I have to go through all of your compositions this evening.
? A. can’t B. needn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
?57. If you won’t do as I tell you, you ____ go to the dance.
? A. won’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t??? D. mustn’t
?58. All the people started early so that they ____ there in time.
? A. got B. was getting? C. could get D. must get
?59. — I saw Annie in the supermarket yesterday.
? — You ____ her; she is still studying abroad.
? A. mustn’t see B. can’t have seen
? C. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t see
?60. When I was at school, I ____ up very late, reading story-books.
? A. used to stay B. used to staying
C. was used to stay D. am used to staying
61. — Mr. Wang, I will fetch four chairs for the meeting.
— You ____ fetch four; two will do.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
62. — My little daughter is coughing worse than ever.
— She ____ to the hospital yesterday.
A. had to be taken ? B. should have taken
? C. must have been taken D. ought to have been taken
63. — I don’t know why he is late.
— Nor do I. He ____ an accident.
A. could have had B. should have had C. might have had D. must have had
64. — Where is Jack? I can’t find him anywhere.
— He ____ his homework upstairs.
A. might have done B. must have done C. must be doing D. must do
65. The suggestion the English teacher gave is that the boy ____ more speaking.
A. must do B. should do C. would do D. does
66. It was possible that I ____ go to America at that time.
? A. may B. shall C. might D. should
?67. She ____ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
? A. dares not go B. dares not to go
C. dare not to go D. doesn’t dare to go
68. — Did you listen to the report?
— No. We ____ the meeting, but we had a lot of traffic on our way there.
? A. must have attended B. shouldn’t have attended
? C. could attended D. could have attended
?69. I’ve decided to take the job and I ____ change my mind.
? A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. may not
?70. My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always ____look it up.
? A. must B. can C. should D. have to
?71. We tried to stop him from going there, but he just ____ listen.
? A. won’t B. wouldn’t C. might not D. may not
?72. — ____ he use your bike?
? — Certainly. Here is the key.
? A. Does B. Must C. Shall D. Will
?73. Oh, dear! What on earth ____this mean?
? A. could B. can C. may D. might
?74. English is a language that many people around the world ____ not speak perfectly but ____ at least understand.
? A. would; might B. will; must? C. might; could D. can; may
?75. — ____ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?
? — No. It ____ be Wu Dong who did it.
? A. Could ; may B. Can; can?? C. May; must D. Can; must
76. Tom insisted that what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.
? A. be; should go B. should be; would go
? C. was; go D. was; would go
?77. I’m sorry I’m so busy now. I wish I ____ with you.
? A. can go B. could go C. had gone D. have gone
?78. There was plenty of time; she ____.
? A. must have hurried B. may have hurried
? C. needn’t have hurried D. would have hurried
?79. — With the help of my father, I finished my homework.
? — Oh, Jim. You ____ it yourself.
? A. must have done B. need have done? C. can do D. should have done
?80. When the old man was alive, he ____ sit for hours at the door.
? A. would B. could C. must?????? D. might
?81. The children asked whether they ____ go for a swim.
? A. were able to B. can C. could D. may
?82. — When can I come for the dress? I need it the day after tomorrow.
? — It ____ be ready by 6 pm.
? A. can B. should C. might D. need
?83. — I was late again this morning.
? — Well, I think you had better ____ early.
? A. start off B. to start out C. started off D. starting out
?84. — Shall we go swimming or stay at home?
? — Which ____ do?
? A. do you rather B. would you rather? C. will you rather D. should you rather
?85. — Are you going to see the film with us?
? — I’m not sure. I ____ go to Johnson’s party instead.
? A. must B. would C. should D. might
?86. Michael ____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
?
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
?87. — Why didn’t you come to see me?
? — I ____, but I was too busy yesterday.
? A. like to B. should love to? C. would like to have D. am going to
?88. He ____ the meeting, so he stayed at home.
? A. needn’t have attended????????????? B. didn’t need to attend
? B. didn’t need attend D. needn’t to have attend
?89. — Shall I tell John about it?
? — No, you ____. I’ve told him already.
? A. needn’t B. wouldn’t???? C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
?90. — There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
? — It ____ a comfortable journey.
? A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
? C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
?91. Jack, you ____ play with the knife; you ____ hurt yourself.
? A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may? C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; should
?92. — Will you stay for lunch?
? — Sorry, I ____. My mother is coming to see me.
? A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. won’t
?93. After he has his meal, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the corner.
? A. used to B. will C. had better D. dare
?94. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
? A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
?95. — Could I call you by your first name?
? — Yes, you ____.
? A. will B. could C. may D. might
?96. — Is John coming by air?
? — He should, but ____ not. He likes taking trains.
? A. must B. can C. need D. may
?97. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the important meeting?
? A. can B. should C. may D. must
?98. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.
? A. might B. need C. should D. would
?99. How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
? A. can B. must C. need D. may
?100. — I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
? — It ____ be true because there was little snow there.
? A. may not B. won’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
参考答案
56.A。
57.B。shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺、决心之意?鸦条件句中的will表示意愿,won’t可译为“不肯”。
58.C。so that引导的目的状语从句中通常要使用can/could等情态动词。??????????????????????????????????
59.B。
60.A。used to do是指过去习惯做某事。选项A符合题意。
61.C。needn’t表示“没必要”。
62.D。ought to have done和should have done都可表示“本来应该做而没有做”;该题应使用被动语态,故D正确。
63.C。may/might have done表示对过去发生情况的可能性推测。
64.C。must be doing是对目前正在发生的事进行推测。
65.B。suggestion(建议)作主语,其后所接的名词性从句中,谓语部分应使用(should)+ 动词原形。
66.D。句型“It is+natural/right/necessary/important/no wonder+ that从句”中,从句谓语常用should+动词原形 。
67.D。dare用作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于疑问、否定以及条件句中,其后跟动词原形,故选项A、C不正确;如果用作 行为动词,其否定形式要借助于助动词,后常接带to(有时可省略)的不定式。
68.D。could have done可以用来表示“本来可以做而实际上并没有做到。”?
69.C。will表示“诺言”,won’t可理解为“保证不”。
70.D。must表示“主观愿望”;have to表示“客观需要”。??????
71.B。?
72.C。shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示征求对方意见。
73.B。can除表示能力或许可外, 还可表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等, 主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。
74.C。may/might not表示“可能不,可能没有”;could此处表示能力 。
75.D。? 76.C。????? 77.B。?? 78.C。???? 79.D。
80.A。would作为情态动词,可以用来表示(过去时间的)习惯性动作或倾向。
81.C。could此处表示许可。be able to表示能力时,可以与can互换,但当表示过去成功地做成了某事时,通常采用was/were able to。如:The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(NMET’97)
82.B。should此处表示可能性,译为“应该”。
83.A。? 84. B。 85. D。
86.B。can’t/couldn’t意为“不可能”。
87.C。would like to have (done)意为“本来想做的事而事实上并没有做” 。
88.B。 89.A。???? 90.D。????? 91.B。????? 92.B。?
93.B。will表示倾向、习惯,可译为“总是会,老是”。???
94.D。 95.C。may表示“许可”,此处也可用can。??? 96.D。??? 97.A。
98.C。should在某些从句中可以用来表示惊异、不以为然等情绪,此处可译为“竟然”。??????
99.A。??? 100.C。
情态动词shall/will的意义和用法
1. shall 和will都表示将来行为或想法时，shall一般只用于第一人称；而will在现代英语中，可用于任何人称；如：
I shall / will go there with you. 我将跟你一起去那儿。
He will come here soon. 他马上就要来了。
2. 表示意志时，shall 一般表示征求听话人的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、三人称的疑问句中。如：
Shall he be brought here? 把他带到这儿来吗？
3. shall说话者的意图，意思为：允若，命令、警告；而will表示句子主语的意志。如：
You shall follow him only. 你只跟着他。
He shall get his lost car in a few days. 再过几天他就可得到他失去的车了。
I will give it to you. 我将把它给你。
4. will表示习惯性的动作，意思为：总是，常会。如：
shall的情态动词用法
1. 在疑问句中用于征求对方意见，主要用于第一人称(在英国英语中，也用于第三人称)，其意为“要不要”、“…好吗”。如：
Shall we meet again tonight? 咱们今晚要不要再碰碰头?
Shall they wait for you? 要不要他们等你?
2. 在陈述句中表示说话者的允诺、告诫、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等，主要用于第二、三人称。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)
That day shall come．那一天一定会来。(表必然性)
You shall hear everything directly you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允诺）
注：用于第一人称，则表示决心。如：
I shall return. 我一定回来。(表示决心)
情态动词may的意义和用法
(1) 表示许可，意为“可以”。如：
May I come in? 我可以进来吗？
You may take everything you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。
注意：might除用作may的过去式外，还可表示现在，但语气更委婉。如：
Might I have a look at your new computer? 我可否看一看你的信电脑？
You might tell us the truth. 你不妨把真相告诉我们。
若用might代替may提出请求，注意其答语不能再用might。如：
—Might I ask you a question?
—Yes, you may. / No, you can’t.
(2) 表示推测，通常用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“可能”。如：
He may be very busy now. 他现在可能很忙。
He said that she might not be at work today. 他说她今天可能不上班。
(3) can 和may 都可表示可能性，can 通常用于否定句和疑问句，而may 则通常用于肯定句和否定句。虽然两者均可用于否定句，但其意思不同：can’t 意为“不可能”，may not 意为“可能不”。如：
It can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
It may not be true. 那可能不是真的。
另外，can 和may 均可表示请求允许，但can 为一般用词，而may为正式用语。
must 的用法
1. 表示“必须”：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句；用于否定句时，mustn’t 的意思是“一定不要”、“不能”，而不是“不必”。如：
You must keep it a secret. 这事你得保密。
You must not drive without a license. 你不得无证开车。
注：对于must 开头一般疑问句，若要作否定回答，可用needn’t，不用mustn’t。
2. 表示推测：意为“准是”、“一定是”，通常只用于肯定句，在否定句或疑问句用 can 代之。推测现在的情况，后接动词原形；推测正在进行的情况，后接动词的进行式；推测过去的情况，后接动词的完成式。如：
You must know his address. 你一定知道他的地址。
You must be joking. 你准是在说笑话。
He must have arrived already. 他一定已经到了。
3. must 与 have to 的区别：一是强调重点不同：must 强调主观看法，have to 强调客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫”之意；时态形式不同：must 只有现在时一种形式(在宾语从句中可以表示过去)，而 have to 可以根据使用多种时态形式；非谓语形式不同：have to 可以有分词、动名词、不定式等形式，而 must 没有这些形式；否定式的意义不同：must 的否定式 mustn’t 意为“一定不要”、“不允许”；而 have to 的否定式 don’t have to 意为“不必”(=needn’t)。
4. 有时表示“应该”或“偏偏”。如：
You must say hello to her．你应当跟她打个招呼。
Must you make so much noise? 你就非得弄出这么大的声音吗？
must与have to的用法说明
(1) must表示主观义务，意思是“应该，必须”，其否定式mustn’t意为“不应该，不准”。如：
We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。
对用must所提问题的否定回答，常用needn’t或don’t have to，意思为：不必。如：
Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗？
No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了，没有必要。
2. must表示推测，意思为：一定，必定(只用于肯定句中) 。如：
He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长(from www.yygrammar.com)。
He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
3. have to表示客观要求，意思为：不得不；必须；除此之外，别无选择。如：
Now there’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了，我们只好走路回家了。
We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了，汤姆你得去买一些来。
4. have to可以用于多种时态；而must只用于一般现在或将来。如：
The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night. 作文今天早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
dare的意义和应用
1. dare既可作情态动词，又可作实义(行为) 动词，意思为：敢，敢于。如：
Dare you tell me what you did last night? 你敢把昨晚所干的事情告诉我吗？(情态动词)
Do you dare to tell me what you did last night? 你敢把昨晚所干的事情告诉我吗？(行为动词)
2. dare作情态动词时，无人称和数的变化，但有过去式：dared, 常用于否定句、疑问句及条件状语从句中。如：
If you dare tell anyone else about that, I will punish you. 要是你敢告诉其他人的话，我就要惩罚你。
Dare you reason with your father? 你敢跟你父亲论理吗？
注意：在一些习惯用语中，dare也可用于肯定句中，若用于第一人称时，一般表示自谦，意思为：斗胆，冒昧。若用于第二人称时，一般表示赌气，意思：岂敢。如：
I dare say you are a fool. 我敢说你是个傻瓜。
Dare you do it again? 你敢再做一次？
3. dare用作行为动词时，有人称和数的变化，可与助动词连用，且有非谓语形式。如：
Did he dare to say so then? 他那时干这么说吗？
He dares to do anything. 他任何事情都敢做(from www.yygrammar.com)。
注意：dare做行为动词时，在肯定句中接不定式时，须接to；而在否定句中，接不定式时，to可省略。如：
He doesn’t dare (to) disobey his father. 他不敢违背父亲的意志。
need的意义和应用
1. need既可作情态动词，又可作实义(行为) 动词，意思为：需要。如：
You needn’t go there yourself. 你不必自己亲自去那儿。
I need a computer. 我需要一台电脑。
2. need作情态动词时，只用于否定句和疑问句中；对疑问句的肯定回答，一般用must. 如：
Need I do anything for you? 需要我为你干些什么吗？
Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 是呀，你得做。/ 不，没有必要。
3. need作实义(行为) 动词时，有人称、数及时态的变化，它可接名词，代词，动词不定式及动词的-ing形式做宾语。接动词-ing形式做宾语时，它的主动形式表被动意义。如：
He needs help. 他需要帮助。
Does he need help? 他需要帮助吗？
He doesn’t need help. 它不需要帮助。
The house needs cleaning. 房子需要清理。
be able to 与can用法区别
(1) be able to 强调通过努力而获得的能力，而can则强调自身已具有的能力。如：
She can sing the song in English. 她能用英语唱这首歌。
He will be able to sing this song in English in a few minutes, too. 几小时之后，他也能用英语唱这首歌。
(2) be able to 强调一种结果，而can只强调一种可能。如：
Luckily, he was able to escape from the big fire in the end. 幸运的是，他终于逃出了大火。
If he got here a few hours earlier, I could save him. 要是他早几小时来，我还能救他。
(3) be able to 可以有各种时态；而can只有一般现在和一般过去两种时态。如：
I could help you last night, but you didn’t come. 昨天晚上我能帮你，而你又没来。
Can you see it there? 你能看见它在那儿吗？
He is / was / will be able to help you. 他能帮你的忙(from www.yygrammar.com)。
(4) can可用于表示可能性，推测，允许等情况，而be able to通常不这样用。
情态动词can的意义和用法
(1) 表示能力，意思为“能，会”。如：
I can sing this song in English. 我能用英语唱这首歌。
Can you tell me where the museum is? 你能告诉我博物馆在哪吗？
(2) 表示许可，意思是“可以”。如：
You can use my pen instead 你可以用我的笔。
Can I come in? 我可以进来吗？
(3) 表示推测，意为“可能，会”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
Can he be there too? 他也会在那儿吗？
He can’t have finished his work. 它不可能把工作做完了。
【说明】有时也用于肯定句中表示“有时”，或表示理论上的可能性。如：
She can be very unpleasant. 她有时很令人讨厌。
Even experienced teachers can make mistakes. 即使是有经验的教师也可能出错。
(4) 表示惊讶，通常用于疑问句、否定句和惊叹句中。如：
Can this be your reason? 这难道就是你的理由？
How can you say it like that? 你怎么能那样说话呢？
注意：从理论上说，could是can的过去式，但在某些场合中，could可用来代替can，表示现在的情况，只是语气较can委婉，此时，若用could来提问题，回答时，应该用can，而不用 could。如：
Could you answer me a question? 请回答我一个问题好吗？
Yes, I can. / No, I can’t. 好。/ 不行。
will与would用法详解
1. 表示意愿
will 表示现在的意愿，would表示过去的意愿：
I will pay you at the rate you ask. 我愿意照你要求的价钱付款。
Go where you will. 你愿到哪里就到哪里。
He wouldn’t help me yesterday. 他昨天不愿帮助我。
She asked if I would go with them. 她问我是否愿同他们一起去。
【注】(1) 表示“意愿”的 will 有时可用于条件句中：
If you will allow me, I will see you home. 如果你同意，我可以送你回家。
(2) would也可表示现在的意愿，语气较委婉：
I’d go there with you. 我愿同你去那儿。
I wouldn’t go. 我不会去。
2. 表示征求意见或提出请求
主要用于第二人称的疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气：
Won’t you take off your coat? 你要不要把大衣脱掉?
Will [would] you please post the letter for me? 请帮我寄了这封信好吗?
Would Sunday night suit you? 星期天晚上适合你吗?
【注】(1) 有时为使语气委婉，可用否定式。总的说来，用would比用will委婉，用won’t和wouldn’t比单独用will和would要委婉。
(2) would有时用于提出想法，通常与like, love, hate, prefer, be glad, be happy等连用，若用于第一人称有时也可将would换成should：
I’d like [love] to have a look at it. 我想看看它。
I would prefer not to go out today. 我今天不想出去。
3. 表示习惯和倾向性
will表示现在的习惯，would表示过去的习惯：
Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水上。
This window won’t open. 这扇窗户经常打不开。
He’ll talk for hours, if you let him. 你要让他讲，他会讲几个小时。
The wound would not heal. (过去)伤口老不愈合。
When he was a child, he would often go skiing. 他小时候经常去滑雪。
He would sit there for hours sometimes doing nothing at all. 有时他在那里一坐几个钟头，什么也不做。
【注】有时would表示经常发生的令人不耐烦的事：
That’s just like him—he would lose his keys! 他就是这样，老丢钥匙!
4. 表示推测
will用于谈论现在，would可用于谈论过去，也可用于谈论现在(语气较委婉)：
This car will hold six people. 这辆小汽车可以坐六个人。
Ask him. He will know. 问问他吧，他大概知道。
You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
Every family would have some sort of trouble. 家家都会有本难念的经。
The person you mentioned would be her father, is that right? 你提的那个人想必是她的父亲，对吗?
【注】有时可后接完成式，表示对过去可能已经发生的情况进行推测：
You will have heard of it. 你已经听到那事了吧。(from www.yygrammar.com)
I thought you would have finished it by now. 我想你现在可能已经做完了吧。
5. 表示执意或决心
will表示现在的执意和决心，would表示过去的执意和决心：
“Tell me the secret.” “I won’t.”“把秘密告诉我。”“我才不哩。”
I won’t have anything said against her. 我绝不让谁说她的坏话。
He would do it, though I told him not to. 虽然我叫他不要做，可是他偏要做。
【注】此用法可视为表意愿的加强用法，即强烈的意愿即为决心。
6. 其他用法
will 还可表示许诺、指示、叮嘱等，而would还可用于评论某一特定的行为等：
You will have your share. 你会得到你那一份的。
You will do as I told you. 你得照我说的去做。
That’s just what he would say. 他就是爱那样讲话。
You would never do anything to hurt me. 你绝不会做伤害我的事的。
7. would与虚拟条件句
有时用would，可视为是省略了或包含有相关条件的虚拟语气：
I might see her personally. It would be better. 我可能亲自去看她，那样更好些。(=It would be better if I saw her personally.)
She’d be stupid not to accept. 她不接受那才笨呢。(=She would be stupid if the didn’t accept.)
had better 和 would rather 的用法
had better?意为“最好”，would rather 意为“宁愿”，两者均后接动词原形，否定式均应在动词原形前加 not；在否定疑问句和反意疑问句中可用 hadn’t / wouldn’t。如：
You’d better not disturb him. 你最好别去打扰他。
He’d rather (not) go by car. 他宁愿(不)坐汽车去。
注：would rather 后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。如：
I’d rather you went tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天去。
I’d rather he hadn't told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
情态动词考题的两个侧重点
一般情态动词考题的考查主要涉及两个方面，一是对情态动词所用句型的考查，二是对情态动词在一定的语境中的意义的考查。如：
1. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he ________ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must B. can C. need D. may
最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的 He should 为 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
2. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It ____ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be B. won’t be??????????????? C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be
此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldn’t be，即选C。
3. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I ________ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought B. can have thought
C. may think D. might think
答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。
应对情态动词考题的三个小技巧
技巧1 充分利用句子语境
综观历年高考英语情态动词的考查情况，有相当一部分考题从本质上看都是在考查情态动词在具体语境中的运用，即只要考生能弄清各个被考查情态动词的意思，就可作出正确选择。如：
(1) Helen _________ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
分析：答案选C。由于下文说“她还没有把握”，所以前文要用may表示没有把握的肯定推测，即“可能会与我们去旅行”。
(2) —I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—It _________ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
分析：答案选D。后文说“他总是穿绿色衣服”，据此语境可推知，这件衣“可能是”哈利的，could表示可能性。
(3) —Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—Well. He _________have gone far—his coat’s still here.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析：答案选C。后文说“他的外套还在这里”，据此语境可知“他不可能走远了”，故选can’t。
(4) He paid for a seat, when he _________ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析：答案选A。could have done的意思是“本来可以做某事”。句子语境为“虽然他本来能够免费入场，但他买了票”。
(5) —Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
—She _________. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
分析：答案选C。既然“我已经借了一本”，所以“她就没有必要借给我了”。needn’t在此表示“不必”。
技巧2 根据时间确定时态
即要分清情态动词表推测时涉及的是现在情况还是过去情况。原则上说，若对现在情况进行推测，情态动词后接动词原形或进行式；若对过去情况进行推测，则后接动词的完成式(这通常是高考的重点)；若是对正在发生的情况进行推测，后接动词的进行式。如：
(1) —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks. You _________it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
分析：答案选B。句子的语境是：“我自己能做”，所以“你本不必做的”。选A还是B呢？根据前面一句中的 have cleaned 可知，动作已经发生，所以此处谈论的是一个过去情况，故选 needn’t have done。
(2) This cake is very sweet. You _________ a lot of sugar in it.
A. should put B. could have put C. might put D. must have put
分析：答案选D。前文说“蛋糕很甜”，下文的语境显然应该是“你一定是在里面放了很多糖”，故用“must+完成式”表示对过去情况的肯定推测。
(3) —The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— Oh, dear! She _________ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
分析：答案选D。由上文的stayed可知，此题是对过去情况有把握的肯定推测。句意为“那个女生物学家呆在非洲研究野生动物13年才回来。”“天啊！她一定经历了不少苦难！”
技巧3 注意分清适用句型
即要分清所考查的情态动词是用于肯定句型，还是用于疑问句型或否定句型，同时还要注意情态动词在某些特殊情况下所使用的特殊句型。如：
The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.
A. should B. must C. will D. can
分析：答案选 D。在通常情况下，情态动词?can 表示推测时，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句，但有一种特殊情况就是它可以用于肯定句中表理论上的推测或表示“有时”之意，而此题考查的正是can 表示“有时”的用法。
有关情态动词的10条学习要点
1. 弄清基本语法特点
情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词。常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。情态动词具有以下3个特点：
(1) 情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(2) 情态动词虽有时态的变化，但却没有人称和数的变化，即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。
(3) 变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词，而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句，直接在情态动词后加not，构成否定句。
2. 弄清表示能力的can / could和be able to的用法
(1) can表示具有某种能力或技能，意为“能，会”。如：
Who can answer this question? 谁能回答这个问题？
(2)can 的过去式为could，但它通常只表示过去一般性能力，不表示过去特定场合下的能力，遇此情况要用 was [were] able to。如：
I could run faster then. 我那时能跑得更快一些。
They were able to jump into the sea before the boat was blown up. 他们在船爆之前跳入海里。
3. 弄清表示许可的can / could / may / might / must的用法
can / could / may / might均可表示许可，只不过may较侧重讲话人的许可，而can较侧重客观情况的许可；could / might的语气比can / may更委婉、客气；在答语中表示允许别人做某事要can / may，不能用 could / might。如：
— Could [Can, May, Might] I use it? 我可以借用它吗?
— Yes, you can [may]. 可以。（不用 could / might）
must?表示必须作某事，其否定式mustn’t表示“不可以”。如：
We must?not speak of it again. 我们再也不要谈这事了。
4. 弄清表推测的 can / may / could / might / should / must的用法
(1) 从所用句型来看：can用于否定句和疑问句，may用于肯定句和否定式，两者均可用于否定句，但是含义不同(cannot=不可能，may not=可能不)；could, might 和 should 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句；must 表示推测通常只用于肯定句。如：
She can’t be in the office now. 她现在不可能在办公室。
She may not be free tonight. 她今晚可能没空。
He may [might] come tonight. 他今晚可能会来。
Might he know this? 他会知道这事吗?
(2) 从语气上看，can / may / could / might 的语气较不确定，尤其是might, could，其意很不肯定；should表示推测时，其语气比较肯定，它通常指非常可能的事，并暗示其推测有一定的事实依据或者合乎常理；must 表示推测的语气最肯定。注意有时高考也会对这种语气上的差异命题，如下面这道高考题：
“When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.” “They _________ be ready by 12:00.”
A. can B. should C. might D. need
在四个选项中，首先可排除A和D，因为它们通常不用肯定句中；而B和C均可用于肯定句表示推测，但根据句意：顾客下午要照片，此时店主显然应用语气较肯定的should，而不宜用语气很不肯定的 might，否则顾客是不会满意的。
5. 弄清shall 与 will 的用法
(1) shall 除用于第一人称表示单纯将来外，还可用于陈述句第二、三人称, 表示说话者的意图、警告、命令、决心等。如：
You shall have an answer by tomorrow. 到明天你可以得到答复。
He shall have a bicycle for his birthday. 他可以得到一辆自行车作为生日礼物。
(2) will 可以表示习惯和倾向性，意为“惯于, 老是, 终归是”如：
The door won’t open. 这门打不开。
Matches will not strike if they are damp. 火柴潮湿就擦不着。
(3) Shall I (we)…? 可用于征求意见等，Will you…?可用于表示请求或邀请等。如：
Shall I turn on the light? 要不要把灯打开?
Will you join us for dinner? 你可否和我们一道去吃晚饭?
6. 弄清must表示“偏偏”的用法
情态动词?must 有时可以表示固执、偏激或碰巧，通常可译为“偏偏”。如：
After I gave her my advice, she must go and do the opposite. 在我给她出主意之后她偏反着干。
The car must break down just we were starting our holidays. 我们刚刚开始休假，汽车偏偏坏了。
7. need和dare的用法要点
need和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词，用作实义动词时，后接动词要用不定式，有人称和数的变化，可用肯定句、否定句和疑问句；用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词要用动词原形。如：
You need not pay—it is free. 你不必付钱，这是免费的。
We need to have lots of patience. 我们需要有很大的耐心。
Who would dare to tell him? 谁会敢告诉他?
He dared not go there at night. 晚上他不敢到那里去。
How dare you ask me such a question? 你怎么敢问我这样的问题?
注：need 表示“需要”，其后可接动名词，且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The room needs cleaning. 这房间需要打扫了。
8. 弄清“情态动词+完成式”的用法
(1) must + have done：用于肯定句，表示推测，意为“一定(已经)……”。
(2) can + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。
(3) could + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示推测、责备或遗憾等，意为“可能……”“本来可以……”“本来应该……”等。
(4) should [ought to] + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示责备或遗憾等，意为“本来应该……”。
(5) need + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，用于否定时意为“本来不必”，用于疑问句时意为“有必要……吗”。
(6) may + have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。
(7) might + have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……(此时 might 可换为 may)；另外还可以表示过去可能发生的事结果未发生，意为“本来会……”(此时 might 不能换为 may)。
He can’t have left so soon. 他不可能走得这么早。
I should have thought of it. 我本应想到这一点的。
You needn’t have mentioned it. 你没有必要提及此事的。
You must have mistaken my intention. 你一定是误会了我的意图。
I might have come to a wrong conclusion. 我或许得出了错误的结论。
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? 你本可帮助我的，为什么只坐在一旁瞧着?
9. 弄清“情态动词+进行式”的用法
这类结构主要用于对一个正在进行的动作进行推测、责备、描述等。如：
He might be waiting for you. 他可能在等你(www.yygrammar.com)。
You should be wearing your sunglasses. 你应当戴着你的太阳镜。
He must be joking, or else he’s mad. 他一定在说笑话，要不就是疯了。
10. 弄清may [might] as well和may [might] well的用法
(1) may [might] as well可用来提出建议等，可译为“不妨”(用might时口气更委婉一些)。如：
Catherine, you may as well come too. 凯瑟琳，你不妨也去。
If that’s the case, I may as well try. 如果情况如此，我不妨试一试。
(2) may [might] well可表示比较有把握的推测，意为“很可能”。如：
You might well be right. 你很可能是对的。
动词时态、语态及情态动词专练100题
?56. — May I hand in the composition tomorrow?
? — No, you ____, because I have to go through all of your compositions this evening.
? A. can’t B. needn’t C. won’t D. shouldn’t
?57. If you won’t do as I tell you, you ____ go to the dance.
? A. won’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t??? D. mustn’t
?58. All the people started early so that they ____ there in time.
? A. got B. was getting? C. could get D. must get
?59. — I saw Annie in the supermarket yesterday.
? — You ____ her; she is still studying abroad.
? A. mustn’t see B. can’t have seen
? C. mustn’t have seen D. couldn’t see
?60. When I was at school, I ____ up very late, reading story-books.
? A. used to stay B. used to staying
C. was used to stay D. am used to staying
61. — Mr. Wang, I will fetch four chairs for the meeting.
— You ____ fetch four; two will do.
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
62. — My little daughter is coughing worse than ever.
— She ____ to the hospital yesterday.
A. had to be taken ? B. should have taken
? C. must have been taken D. ought to have been taken
63. — I don’t know why he is late.
— Nor do I. He ____ an accident.
A. could have had B. should have had C. might have had D. must have had
64. — Where is Jack? I can’t find him anywhere.
— He ____ his homework upstairs.
A. might have done B. must have done C. must be doing D. must do
65. The suggestion the English teacher gave is that the boy ____ more speaking.
A. must do B. should do C. would do D. does
66. It was possible that I ____ go to America at that time.
? A. may B. shall C. might D. should
?67. She ____ into the thick forest alone on such a dark night.
? A. dares not go B. dares not to go
C. dare not to go D. doesn’t dare to go
68. — Did you listen to the report?
— No. We ____ the meeting, but we had a lot of traffic on our way there.
? A. must have attended B. shouldn’t have attended
? C. could attended D. could have attended
?69. I’ve decided to take the job and I ____ change my mind.
? A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t D. may not
?70. My parents never remember my telephone number, and they always ____look it up.
? A. must B. can C. should D. have to
?71. We tried to stop him from going there, but he just ____ listen.
? A. won’t B. wouldn’t C. might not D. may not
?72. — ____ he use your bike?
? — Certainly. Here is the key.
? A. Does B. Must C. Shall D. Will
?73. Oh, dear! What on earth ____this mean?
? A. could B. can C. may D. might
?74. English is a language that many people around the world ____ not speak perfectly but ____ at least understand.
? A. would; might B. will; must? C. might; could D. can; may
?75. — ____ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?
? — No. It ____ be Wu Dong who did it.
? A. Could ; may B. Can; can?? C. May; must D. Can; must
76. Tom insisted that what he said ____ true and we insisted that he ____ and have a look.
? A. be; should go B. should be; would go
? C. was; go D. was; would go
?77. I’m sorry I’m so busy now. I wish I ____ with you.
? A. can go B. could go C. had gone D. have gone
?78. There was plenty of time; she ____.
? A. must have hurried B. may have hurried
? C. needn’t have hurried D. would have hurried
?79. — With the help of my father, I finished my homework.
? — Oh, Jim. You ____ it yourself.
? A. must have done B. need have done? C. can do D. should have done
?80. When the old man was alive, he ____ sit for hours at the door.
? A. would B. could C. must?????? D. might
?81. The children asked whether they ____ go for a swim.
? A. were able to B. can C. could D. may
?82. — When can I come for the dress? I need it the day after tomorrow.
? — It ____ be ready by 6 pm.
? A. can B. should C. might D. need
?83. — I was late again this morning.
? — Well, I think you had better ____ early.
? A. start off B. to start out C. started off D. starting out
?84. — Shall we go swimming or stay at home?
? — Which ____ do?
? A. do you rather B. would you rather? C. will you rather D. should you rather
?85. — Are you going to see the film with us?
? — I’m not sure. I ____ go to Johnson’s party instead.
? A. must B. would C. should D. might
?86. Michael ____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
?
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
?87. — Why didn’t you come to see me?
? — I ____, but I was too busy yesterday.
? A. like to B. should love to? C. would like to have D. am going to
?88. He ____ the meeting, so he stayed at home.
? A. needn’t have attended????????????? B. didn’t need to attend
? B. didn’t need attend D. needn’t to have attend
?89. — Shall I tell John about it?
? — No, you ____. I’ve told him already.
? A. needn’t B. wouldn’t???? C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
?90. — There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
? — It ____ a comfortable journey.
? A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
? C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
?91. Jack, you ____ play with the knife; you ____ hurt yourself.
? A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may? C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; should
?92. — Will you stay for lunch?
? — Sorry, I ____. My mother is coming to see me.
? A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. won’t
?93. After he has his meal, he ____ go to that coffee shop at the corner.
? A. used to B. will C. had better D. dare
?94. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.
? A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said
?95. — Could I call you by your first name?
? — Yes, you ____.
? A. will B. could C. may D. might
?96. — Is John coming by air?
? — He should, but ____ not. He likes taking trains.
? A. must B. can C. need D. may
?97. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the important meeting?
? A. can B. should C. may D. must
?98. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady.
? A. might B. need C. should D. would
?99. How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
? A. can B. must C. need D. may
?100. — I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
? — It ____ be true because there was little snow there.
? A. may not B. won’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
参考答案
56.A。
57.B。shall用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有命令、警告、威胁、强制、允诺、决心之意?鸦条件句中的will表示意愿,won’t可译为“不肯”。
58.C。so that引导的目的状语从句中通常要使用can/could等情态动词。??????????????????????????????????
59.B。
60.A。used to do是指过去习惯做某事。选项A符合题意。
61.C。needn’t表示“没必要”。
62.D。ought to have done和should have done都可表示“本来应该做而没有做”;该题应使用被动语态,故D正确。
63.C。may/might have done表示对过去发生情况的可能性推测。
64.C。must be doing是对目前正在发生的事进行推测。
65.B。suggestion(建议)作主语,其后所接的名词性从句中,谓语部分应使用(should)+ 动词原形。
66.D。句型“It is+natural/right/necessary/important/no wonder+ that从句”中,从句谓语常用should+动词原形 。
67.D。dare用作情态动词时,没有人称和数的变化,主要用于疑问、否定以及条件句中,其后跟动词原形,故选项A、C不正确;如果用作 行为动词,其否定形式要借助于助动词,后常接带to(有时可省略)的不定式。
68.D。could have done可以用来表示“本来可以做而实际上并没有做到。”?
69.C。will表示“诺言”,won’t可理解为“保证不”。
70.D。must表示“主观愿望”;have to表示“客观需要”。??????
71.B。?
72.C。shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示征求对方意见。
73.B。can除表示能力或许可外, 还可表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等, 主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句中。
74.C。may/might not表示“可能不,可能没有”;could此处表示能力 。
75.D。? 76.C。????? 77.B。?? 78.C。???? 79.D。
80.A。would作为情态动词,可以用来表示(过去时间的)习惯性动作或倾向。
81.C。could此处表示许可。be able to表示能力时,可以与can互换,但当表示过去成功地做成了某事时,通常采用was/were able to。如:The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.(NMET’97)
82.B。should此处表示可能性,译为“应该”。
83.A。? 84. B。 85. D。
86.B。can’t/couldn’t意为“不可能”。
87.C。would like to have (done)意为“本来想做的事而事实上并没有做” 。
88.B。 89.A。???? 90.D。????? 91.B。????? 92.B。?
93.B。will表示倾向、习惯,可译为“总是会,老是”。???
94.D。 95.C。may表示“许可”,此处也可用can。??? 96.D。??? 97.A。
98.C。should在某些从句中可以用来表示惊异、不以为然等情绪,此处可译为“竟然”。??????
99.A。??? 100.C。