虚拟语气
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7.23 陆新宇
虚拟语气
虚拟语气考点分析
1．——Alice,why didn′t you come yesterday?
?? ——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor.?? (NMET)
? A.had??? B.would??? C.was going to??? D.did
? 析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn′t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier.??? (NMET)
? A.will be???? B.would have been??? C.could have been??? D.would be
? 析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。
3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.??? (NMET)
? A.obeys??? B.obey??? C.will obey??? D.would obey
? 析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。
4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.
? A.seen??? B.did see??? C.had seen??? D.were to see
? 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。
5．—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.
?? —— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.??? (NMET)
? A.was warned;would not take??? B.had been warned;would not have taken
? C.wuld be warned;had not taken??? D.would have been warned;had not taken
? 析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。
6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.?? (NMET)
? A.is??? B.will be??? C.would have been???? D.would be
? 析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。
7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____.? (NMET)
? A.breaks??? B.has broken??? C.were broken??? D.had been broken
? 析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。
8．You didn′t let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired.?? (NMET)
? A.drove;didn′t get?? ??????????B.drove;wouldn′t get?
? C.were driving;wouldn′t get??? D.had driven;wouldn′t have got
? 析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。
9．I didn′t see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to?
?? Me.
? A.would come??? B.had come??? C.came??? D.did come
? 析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。
10．_____ it _____ for your help,I couldn′t have made any progress.
? A.Had;not been??? B.Should;not be??? C.Did;not be??? D.Not;be
? 析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）
11．Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.
? A.should come to??? B.would have attended???
? C.would come to??? D.should have attended
? 析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。
虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
1、虚拟语气在单句中的用法
常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：
Long live the People′s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！
May you be happy!??????????????????
? May you ?have a good time!?????????
2、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：
． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法
1） 表示与现在事实相反
条件从句
主句
一般过去时（be多用于were）
Would/should/could/might＋动词原形
例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.
????? 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
????? If I had time,I would go there.
????? 如果我有空，我就去那儿。
?2） 与过去事实相反
条件从句
主句
过去完成时
Would/should/could/might＋have done
??? 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn′t/wouldn′t have missed the bus.
??? ??????如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
????????? If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
??? ??????如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
?3） 与将来事实可能相反
条件从句
主句
一般过去时（be多用were）
Should do,were to do
Would/should/could/might＋动词原形
例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be??????????????
????? Put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）
????? If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.
????? 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
3.混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
例如： If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now. 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
4. if的省略/虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
5.含蓄条件句与主句
即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。
例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn′t have made such great progress.
?＝If?we hadn′t got?his help,we wouldn′t have made such great progress.
6..在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：
在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：
The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.
The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times
.They talked as if they had been good friends for years.
?注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）?
?
7.特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 句型： (1)suggested It is (2)important that…+ (should) do (3) a pity (1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange (3) a pity, a shame, no wonder It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 Order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判断改错: （错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong. 3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
8.wish的用法 1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况 wish后 从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时 （be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时 （had + 过去分词） 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could + 动词原形 I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
9.比较if only与only if only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
10..It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.
11. need "不必做"和"本不该做" didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。. Needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题 There was plenty of time. She ___. A. Mustn't have hurried B. Couldn't have hurried C. Must not hurry D. Needn't have hurried 答案D。Needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 Must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. Must finish????B. Would be finished?? C. Be finished??D. Must be finished
2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.
A. Leave; for?????????? B. Leave; to?????????? C. Left; to???????? D. To be left; for
3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. Had been?????????? B. Has been??????????????????C. Was??????????????????D. Has gone
4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. Did; set??????????????????????????????????????????B. Had done; should be set????
C. Should do; be set?????????????????????????????????? D. Had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. Can; it???????????????? B. /;??/???????????????????? C. Would; it?????????? D. May;??/
6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
A. For; to?????????? B. That; be????????C. Which; should be?????????? D. To; being
7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. Would be sent??????B. Should send???????? C. Be sent??????D. Must be sent
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. Will protect???? B. Should protect??????C. Shall protect???? D. Are protecting
9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. Are??????????????B. Were??????????????C. Would be???????? D. Would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be??B. Should there be??C. There will be????D. There should be
11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave??????????????????????????????B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave?????????????????????????????????? D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. Would be saved??????????????????????????????B. Would have been saved????
C. Will be saved??????????????????????????????????D. Had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. Would??????????????B. Should have??????????????C. May????????????????D. Have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am???????????????? B. I would be???????? C. I was??????????????????????D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. Would lend???? B. Would have lent??C. Could lend??D. May have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. Have caught???? B. Had caught??C. Could have caught?? D. Were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”????????????
???? --- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. Have????????????????????B. Will????????????????????????????C. Do????????????????????D. Had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed?? B. I’d fail?? C. I’d have failed??D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
?? --- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding???????????? B. I’ll decide?????? C. I decided??????D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. Should snow???????????? B. Would snow???????? C. Snow????????D. Will snow
21. If only I _____ my watch!
A. Hadn’t lost????????B. Haven’t lost??????C. Didn’t lost??????D. Don’t lose
22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. May not make??????????????????????????????????????????????B. Might not make
C. Shouldn’t have made??????????????????????????????D. Might not have made
23. We _____ the work on time without your help.
A. Hadn’t had finished?????????????????????????????????????? B. Didn’t have finished
C. Couldn’t have finished?????????????????????????????????? D. Can’t have finished
24. --- “Where have you been?”
?????? --- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
A. I would be here???????????????????????????????????? B. I have been here
C. I had been here???????????????????????????????????? D. I would have been here
25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. Were?????????????????? B. Had been?????????? C. Are????????????????D. Should be
Key: 1-5. CAABB??6-10. BCBCB??
11-15. CAABDB??16—20. CDCCA??21-25. ACCDC
1.真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系 句型：条件从句 主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. Will rain B. Rains C. Rained D. Is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气考点分析
1．——Alice,why didn′t you come yesterday?
?? ——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor.?? (NMET)
? A.had??? B.would??? C.was going to??? D.did
? 析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn′t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。但此处是would,故应排除。只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。
2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier.??? (NMET)
? A.will be???? B.would have been??? C.could have been??? D.would be
? 析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。故答案为D。
3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules.??? (NMET)
? A.obeys??? B.obey??? C.will obey??? D.would obey
? 析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。
4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.
? A.seen??? B.did see??? C.had seen??? D.were to see
? 析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。
5．—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.
?? —— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.??? (NMET)
? A.was warned;would not take??? B.had been warned;would not have taken
? C.wuld be warned;had not taken??? D.would have been warned;had not taken
? 析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。
6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today.?? (NMET)
? A.is??? B.will be??? C.would have been???? D.would be
? 析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。
7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____.? (NMET)
? A.breaks??? B.has broken??? C.were broken??? D.had been broken
? 析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。
8．You didn′t let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired.?? (NMET)
? A.drove;didn′t get?? ??????????B.drove;wouldn′t get?
? C.were driving;wouldn′t get??? D.had driven;wouldn′t have got
? 析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。
9．I didn′t see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to?
?? Me.
? A.would come??? B.had come??? C.came??? D.did come
? 析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。
10．_____ it _____ for your help,I couldn′t have made any progress.
? A.Had;not been??? B.Should;not be??? C.Did;not be??? D.Not;be
? 析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）
11．Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.
? A.should come to??? B.would have attended???
? C.would come to??? D.should have attended
? 析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。根据此题内容，可知是与过去事实相反的假设，故答案为B。
虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
1、虚拟语气在单句中的用法
常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。例如：
Long live the People′s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！
May you be happy!??????????????????
? May you ?have a good time!?????????
2、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：
． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法
1） 表示与现在事实相反
条件从句
主句
一般过去时（be多用于were）
Would/should/could/might＋动词原形
例如：If I were you,I should accept the invitation.
????? 如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。
????? If I had time,I would go there.
????? 如果我有空，我就去那儿。
?2） 与过去事实相反
条件从句
主句
过去完成时
Would/should/could/might＋have done
??? 例如：If you had come earlier,you couldn′t/wouldn′t have missed the bus.
??? ??????如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。
????????? If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book.
??? ??????如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。
?3） 与将来事实可能相反
条件从句
主句
一般过去时（be多用were）
Should do,were to do
Would/should/could/might＋动词原形
例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would be??????????????
????? Put off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。）
????? If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break.
????? 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。
3.混合时间条件句与主句
条件句与主句的动作发生的时间有先后之差，应按各自动作时间搭配好相应的结构形式。
例如： If you had reviewed the lesson,you would answer the question now. 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。） If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
4. if的省略/虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would have met him =If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意： 在虚拟语气的从句中，动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were"，不用was， 即在从句中be用were代替。 If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _____ to do the work, I should do it some other day. A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
5.含蓄条件句与主句
即用without(＝but for),or(else)代替if从句。
例如：Without/But for his help,we wouldn′t have made such great progress.
?＝If?we hadn′t got?his help,we wouldn′t have made such great progress.
6..在as if/as though引导的状语从句中用法：
在as if/as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。例如：
The man speaks as if he were a foreigner.
The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times
.They talked as if they had been good friends for years.
?注：as if/as though从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。（下雨的可能性很大。）?
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7.特殊的虚拟语气词：should 1）在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 句型： (1)suggested It is (2)important that…+ (should) do (3) a pity (1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required,demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do (2)important, necessary, natural, strange (3) a pity, a shame, no wonder It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week. It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2）在宾语从句中的应用 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。 Order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command + (should) do I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. He insisted that he (should ) be sent there. 注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules. 判断改错: （错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. (对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill. (错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. (对) I insisted that you were wrong. 3）在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用 在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即（should）+动词原形。 My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
8.wish的用法 1）用于wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况 wish后 从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时 （be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时 （had + 过去分词） 将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could + 动词原形 I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。 2）Wish to do表达法。 Wish sb / sth to do I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
9.比较if only与only if only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。If only也可用于陈述语气。 I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。 If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了，就好了。 If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。
10..It is (high) time that It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。 It is time that the children went to bed. It is high time that the children should go to bed.
11. need "不必做"和"本不该做" didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。. Needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她不必步行回家了。 John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽，所以她本不必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家，没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题 There was plenty of time. She ___. A. Mustn't have hurried B. Couldn't have hurried C. Must not hurry D. Needn't have hurried 答案D。Needn't have done. 意为"本不必"，即已经做了某事，而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done 用法不正确，对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经"。 Must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）。
1. The teacher demanded that the exam _____ before eleven.
A. Must finish????B. Would be finished?? C. Be finished??D. Must be finished
2. She made the demand that the journalists _____ at once ______ Iraq.
A. Leave; for?????????? B. Leave; to?????????? C. Left; to???????? D. To be left; for
3. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. Had been?????????? B. Has been??????????????????C. Was??????????????????D. Has gone
4. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____ free.
A. Did; set??????????????????????????????????????????B. Had done; should be set????
C. Should do; be set?????????????????????????????????? D. Had done; must be set
5. I suggested there ____ be a kind of language all could understand and use ____ .
A. Can; it???????????????? B. /;??/???????????????????? C. Would; it?????????? D. May;??/
6. The suggestion has been made _____ the basketball game _____ put off.
A. For; to?????????? B. That; be????????C. Which; should be?????????? D. To; being
7. The order came that the medical supplies _____ to Beijing for the Sars soon.
A. Would be sent??????B. Should send???????? C. Be sent??????D. Must be sent
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. Will protect???? B. Should protect??????C. Shall protect???? D. Are protecting
9. Had you listened to the doctor, you _____ all right now.
A. Are??????????????B. Were??????????????C. Would be???????? D. Would have been
10. _____ any change about the date, please tell me immediately.
A. Will there be??B. Should there be??C. There will be????D. There should be
11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave??????????????????????????????B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave?????????????????????????????????? D. If he leave
12. Should it rain, the crops _____ .
A. Would be saved??????????????????????????????B. Would have been saved????
C. Will be saved??????????????????????????????????D. Had been saved
13. You _____ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.
A. Would??????????????B. Should have??????????????C. May????????????????D. Have
14. He treated me as though/as if _____ his own son.
A. I am???????????????? B. I would be???????? C. I was??????????????????????D. I were
15. I _____ you some money, but I hadn’t any on me then.
A. Would lend???? B. Would have lent??C. Could lend??D. May have lent
16. A few minutes earlier and we _____ the rain.
A. Have caught???? B. Had caught??C. Could have caught?? D. Were to catch
17. --- “Have you ever been to Beijing?”????????????
???? --- “No, but I wish I _____”
A. Have????????????????????B. Will????????????????????????????C. Do????????????????????D. Had
18. I’m glad I went over all my notes; otherwise _____ .
A. I may have failed?? B. I’d fail?? C. I’d have failed??D. I’ll have failed
19. --- “What will you do during the summer holiday?”
?? --- “I don’t know, but it’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding???????????? B. I’ll decide?????? C. I decided??????D. I decide
20. What should we do if it _____ tomorrow?
A. Should snow???????????? B. Would snow???????? C. Snow????????D. Will snow
21. If only I _____ my watch!
A. Hadn’t lost????????B. Haven’t lost??????C. Didn’t lost??????D. Don’t lose
22. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. May not make??????????????????????????????????????????????B. Might not make
C. Shouldn’t have made??????????????????????????????D. Might not have made
23. We _____ the work on time without your help.
A. Hadn’t had finished?????????????????????????????????????? B. Didn’t have finished
C. Couldn’t have finished?????????????????????????????????? D. Can’t have finished
24. --- “Where have you been?”
?????? --- “I got caught in traffic; otherwise _____ sooner.”
A. I would be here???????????????????????????????????? B. I have been here
C. I had been here???????????????????????????????????? D. I would have been here
25. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. Were?????????????????? B. Had been?????????? C. Are????????????????D. Should be
Key: 1-5. CAABB??6-10. BCBCB??
11-15. CAABDB??16—20. CDCCA??21-25. ACCDC
1.真实条件句 真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是如果的意思。 时态关系 句型：条件从句 主句 一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形 If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题 The volleyball match will be put off if it ___. A. Will rain B. Rains C. Rained D. Is rained 答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。 注意： 1） 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，该用shall, will. (错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. 2） 表示真理时，主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。