中考英语一轮复习---主谓一致

课件34张PPT。 2013年中考第一轮复习　主谓一致和倒装句
“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。
“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，即主语是复数，谓语也用复数形式，如are, were, have等，主语是单数，谓语要用单数形式，如：is, was, has, works等。
在具体处理一致关系时可遵循以下三原则:
主谓一致语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也必须采用复数形式。
1．以单数名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
My brother is very tall.我弟弟很高。
2．主语为第三人称单数，或一些习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词，如money，information，clothing等，谓语动词用单数。
3．主语为单个的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Running is good for us.跑步对我们来说很有益处。一、(1). 当and或 both..and..连接两个或多个名词做主语时，谓语动词 也采用复数形式。Mary and Helen are good friends.
Swimming and walking are good exercises.游泳和散步都是好运动
Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.约翰和安都有笔友A singer and dancer is coming.一个歌手兼舞蹈家就要来了
Many a student is having practice in that factory. 许多学生正在那家工厂实习。
More than one student is interested in the book.不止一个学生对这本书感兴趣。
(4) 用 连接的并列主语被each,every或no修饰时，谓语动词 用单数。(5) each of + 复数代词，谓语动用单数。复数代词+each，谓语动词用单数。如二、、不定代词each, either, neither 和由 some, any, no, every 构成的复合代词(anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Is there anything wrong with your bike?
Each (of us) takes a cup of coffee.(我们)每人喝一杯咖啡。
Everyone knows smoking cigarettes is bad for health.大家都知道吸烟不利于身体健康
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你
2. both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语，或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如：Both of them are in my class. 三、either, each, every, no+单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，如：
Each of us has got a new book.
我们每个人都有一本新书。
No student likes this kind of computer games.
没有一个学生喜欢这款游戏。
Each of them has an English dictionary他们每人都有一本英语词典
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确
8．主语为由some，every，any，no构成的复合代词，或由either，neither，each作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Everything goes well.一切顺利。在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面A部分保持一致。主语后跟with，along with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词的数由前面主语的单复数来决定，不受短语的影响。
1 Mr.Brown，together with his children，has come to China.
布朗先生和他的孩子们一起来到了中国。
2 Mr.Green with his son ________basketball every Sunday.
A．played　　　B．playing　　　C．plays　　　D．play五、用one/every one /each/each one /either /neither/ the number + of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each of the students has a book.
Neither of the girls is pretty.
Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作
Each of us has his likes and dislikes.
Neither of the books is very interesting.
“a number of+复数名词 ”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；
“The number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
A large number of buildings were burnt down.许多楼房被毁了。
The number of students in our school is 2500.我们学校的学生人数是2500名。
六、“half / most / enough / part / the rest / the last / lots / plenty / 分数、百分数 + of + 名词”作主语: 谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词单复数保持一致。
如果“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，
如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。
Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国
Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。
Most of the students in our class are league. 我们班上大多数学生是团员。
Most of the food tastes delicious. 大多数食物味道很好。
6．某些只有复数形式的名词，如trousers，clothes，glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数；如有单位量词时，谓语和单位量应保持一致。
His trousers are too long.他的裤子太长了。
7．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of students in our class is fifty-four.
我们班学生人数为54人。
The number of people invited________ fifty, but a number of them________ absent for different reasons.
A．were; was　　　　　B．was; was
C．was; were D．were; were 语法一致八、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：
1. To eat in a fast food restaurant is cheap and saves time.2. Climbing hills is good exercise.
Reading English newspapers is a good way
Of improving you English.阅读英文报纸是提高
你英语水平的好方法
4 What you need most is to have a good sleep.
你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。
。内容 一致意义一致意义一致是谓语动词的单复数要与主语意义上的单复数一致。即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
1．表示重量、时间、长度、价格、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
Ten years is a long time.十年是很长的一段时间。
2．集体名词，如family，group，class，population，team，public等作主语时，若看作一个整体，其谓语动词用单数；若强调其中的每一个成员，则谓语动词用复数。
Our class wins the basketball match.
我们班赢了篮球比赛。
Our class are talking about the trip.
我们班同学正在讨论这次郊游。1. 集体名词作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如class, family, army, team, club, population, enemy, party, crowd, crew, audience, public , government, majority, group等作主语时，强调整体概念，则谓语动词用单数，表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数。 His family is a great one.

His family are music lovers.
My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。
My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。
意义一致clothing, furniture, traffic, jewellery, baggage, equipment, luggage 等无生命的集合名词作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。
2. People(人们） , police（警察）, cattle（牲口） 等有生命的集 体名词作主语，谓语动词需用复数形式。
例： The police are looking for the missing child. 例：Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area3.表示度量、时间、距离、金钱、长度等复数名词作主语，表达一个整体概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
例：Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown
Twenty years is a long time to us.
对于我们来说，20年是一段很长的时间。
One thousand pounds is a lot of money.
一千英镑是很大一笔钱。
Eight hours is really a very long time.
4.某些形复意单的名词(如表示人名、地名、国名及组织、书籍、报刊等名称的专有名词和学科名词等)作主语，谓语用单数。 如：
Zhangjiajie is really a good place.张家界的确是个好地方Physics is a difficult subject to learn, I think. 我想，物理是一门难学的目。
The United States is in North America. 美国在北美洲。
News is travelling fast nowadays. 如今新闻播得很快。
The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于1776年。
3．“some/the rest/all/most of the＋名词”等既可以修饰可数名词，又可以修饰不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由被修饰的名词决定。
Some of the summer camps are in the countryside or on the lake. 其中一些夏令营扎在乡村或湖上。
The rest of the money was given to him.剩下的钱都给了他。
4．分数或百分数作主语时，谓语动词要与它们所指代的名词的数一致。
Two thirds of the work has been finished.工作已完成了三分之二。
Half of the teachers in our school________ over 40 years old.
A．is　　　B．are　　　C．has　　　D．have5. politics, physics, works, the United States, news, maths等形式上为复数，意义上却是单数的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：The news is very exciting.
Physics is a bit difficult for me.6 当一些有两部分构成的表示衣物或工具的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如glasses, trousers（裤子）, shoes ，chopsticks（筷子）,goods（货物）,scissors（剪刀）,socks, compasses（圆规） ，但如果这些名词前有a pair of，等量词修饰时，（clothes被修饰a suit of），谓语动词一般用单数形式。例如：This pair of trousers is his brother's
The trousers are his brother's
Your trousers need washing. 你的裤子该洗了。
My glasses are new. 我的眼镜是新的。
A pair of compass is an instrument for drawing circles.圆规是画圆的工具。
A pair of new shoes is in your suitcase.一双新鞋在你的手提箱里。
Two pairs of socks are enough for me. 对我来说，两双袜子就足够了
5．“the＋形容词”作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；若表示抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。the＋姓氏名词复数表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”，当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The blind need more help.盲人需要更多的帮助。
The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。
6．当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。
Harry Potter is an interesting book.
《哈里·波特》是一本有趣的书。
7．以-ics结尾的表示学科的名词，如physics，politics，mathematics(maths)等以及一些以-s结尾的名词，如news，James等不可数名词或专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
I think physics is easy.我认为物理很容易。
The news is very important.这则消息很重要。就近原则Where is your mother and younger sisters? 你的母亲和妹妹们在哪儿？
There is a desk a table and three chairs in the room.
房间里有一张书桌，一张桌子和三把椅子.
There__________ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me, Dick?
--All right, Mum. Not only he but also I am invited.
Neither my gloves nor my hat goes with the dress.
Either you or Lily is to do the cleaning after supper. 不是该你，就是该莉莉在晚饭后打扫卫生。
Not only the mother but also the children were there.不但母亲在那里，而且孩子们也在那里。
知识点二 倒装句英语句子的基本语序是比较固定的，一般主语在前，谓语在后。但有时因为语法结构的要求或由于修辞的要求，往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后的成分提前，我们称这种语序为倒装语序。
倒装语序又分为全部(完全)倒装和部分倒装。
一、全部(完全)倒装
如果谓语动词全部放在主语之前，这种语序称为完全倒装。
1．表示方位的副词out，up，down，in，away置于句首时，句子要全部倒装。
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。从近几年命题趋势看，本部分内容的考查重点在以下几个方面：
1．选择谓语动词的人称和数，或是根据谓语的情况确定句子的主语，使其与谓语一致；
2．主谓一致三个原则的灵活运用；
3．运用倒装句，尤其是以so和neither开头的倒装句的灵活运用。1. Everyone ______ I come from Sichuan. Actually, I come from Shandong.
A. find B. think C. finds D. thinks
2. -David has been away for more than 25 days.
-I miss him very much. You know, 25 days ____short.
A. is B. isn't C. are D. aren't
3. Climbing hills ______of great help to our health.
A. was B. were C. is D. are
4. Yao Ming works hard on his English and ________
A．so Liu Xiang does B．so is Liu Xiang
C．so does Liu Xiang D．so Liu Xiang is
( ) 5 The reading room _____ very quiet. I enjoy reading books there.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
( ) 6. There ___ some milk in the glass.
A. is B. are C. be D. has
( ) 8. In our school library, there ___ a number of books on science and the number of them _____ growing larger and larger.
A. is; are B. are; is C. have; is D. is; have
( ) 9. Nobody but Li Hua ______ the secret.
A. knows B. know C. have known D. is known
( ) 10. Three- fourths of the surface of the earth ______ sea.
A. is B. are C. were D. has been ) 11 All but one ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
) 12. When and where to build the school ____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. hasn’t been decided D. have not decided
) 13. A fork and knife ______ on the table.
is B. are C. has been D. have been
) 15. Each boy and each girl _______ an English dictionary yesterday.
A. are given B. was given C. being given D. were given
) 16. The old ______ taken good care of in China.
A. is B. has C. are D. have
) 17. Half of the students ____got the same suggestion.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
) 18. She is the only one of all the students who _______ a chance to go abroad. A. have B. has C. is D. are
) 19. Something ______ wrong with my TV set.
A. has B. have C. is D. are
( ) 20. Either Tim or I___ a boss.A. am B. is C. are D. be) 21. Fifty yuan ____ enough for the blue coat.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
) 22. Ten plus five ____ fifteen. A. is B. are C. was D. were
)23. Physics _very interesting.A. are B. is C. was D. were
24. The Smiths _____gone to Paris for a holiday.
A. was B. is C. have D. has
) 25.Every minute and second ______ very important to us.
A. are B. is C. were D. has
) 26.My hobby _______collecting stamps.
is B. are C. had been D. have been
) 27. My family __TV when Tom came in.
is watching B. are watching
C. was watching D. were watching
)28. One of the books on the desk____ missing.
A. were B. was C. has D. had
) 29.A large number of students __ fond of folk music
A. am B. is C. are D. likes
) 30. The police ___searching the house for the thief now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were1. Either you or he ________(be) a teacher.
2. Not only Li Lei but also Jack ________(enjoy) playing football very much.
3. Both Lucy and Lily __(be) from the USA.
4. Every boy and girl ______(wear) the school uniform today.
5. Jim with his parents often ______(take) a walk in the park after dinner.
6. The number of students in this school ______(be) about 800.
7. Two fifths of the apple _________(eat) up by the mouse already.
8. Ten dollars ________(be) not enough for me to buy a skirt.
9. Mr. Zhang as well as his two sons ________(watch) TV together at this moment.
10. The young ________(play) video games a lot on Sundays.
11. There ________(come) the bus.
12. At the top of the hill _______(stand) an old temple.
13. There ______(be) a boy and three girls in the classroom now
14. “You must study hard,”_______(say) my mother.