北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 12 Innovation Lesson 1 Scientific Breakthroughs同步练习（含答案）

Unit 12　Innovation
Lesson 1　Scientific Breakthroughs
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．Poor though they are, the woman still ________ (捐送) a lot of money to the Red Cross every year.
2．We've ________ (通信) for years but I've never actually met him.
3．The ________ (结果) of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons.
4．I would like to invite you to give us a lecture about your ________ (科学的) research on Antarctica.
5．They organised their ________ (海军) on an English model.
6．When we finish, ISS will be a ________ (最好的), world class laboratory in low Earth orbit.
7．Our ________ (持续不断的) aim is to help our guests enjoy the party.
8．In order to achieve this goal, we will strengthen our co operation and make ________ (共同的) efforts.
9．Still, the actor finds ways to keep himself ________ (谦虚的)．
10．If you look at the paper under a ________ (显微镜), you will see the fibres.
Ⅱ.短语填空
range from...to...； at the same time； figure out； according to； turn to； deal with； with the development of； one another； be dedicated to
1．We know who can depend on in our lives and ____________ them when we heed help.
2．____________ the Internet, online education has caught on.
3．In the competition, the children's ages ________ 5 years old ________ 15 years old.
4．Our organization ____________ furthering the cause of world peace.
5．I hope we shall be friends and come to understand ____________.
6．The findings are arranged in rank order ____________ performance.
7．No one could ____________ how he got to be so wealthy.
8．He was afraid of her, but ____________ he really liked her.
9．The local government have taken positive steps to ____________ the problem.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．我正在看电视突然听到一个奇怪的声音。
I ________________________________________ I heard a strange sound.
2．毫无疑问，她是一名优秀的学生。
________________________________ she is an excellent student.
3．如果没有英语老师的帮助，我就不会取得这么快的进步。
Without my English teacher's help, I ____________________________ such rapid progress.
4．他投入了如此多的精力于工作，以至于没有时间陪伴孩子们。
He devoted ________________________________ he had no time to accompany his children.
5．我昨天买了一张漂亮的木质书桌。
I bought ____________________________________ yesterday.
6．这次会议不如那次会议重要。
This meeting is ____________________________________________ that one.
7．他们会使你在飞机上舒舒服服的。
They'll ____________________________________ on the plane.
8．这是我见到的最大的苹果。
This is ________________________________________.
9．她送给她的好朋友一件旧的黑色的日本式的电视机。
She gave her good friend ________________________________________ TV set.
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
In the waters off Brisbane, Australia, a seven foot long sand tiger shark swims in pain. A two foot long spike sticks out of her side. It's a piece of fishing equipment that the shark ate carelessly. After travelling into her body, the spike punctured (刺) the shark's stomach.
A man swimming in the water notices the shark. Then, he warns Sea World Marine Park in the nearby town of the Gold Coast. Sea World sends a 12 person team from its rescue centre to where the shark has been discovered in Moreton Bay Marine Park. Soon, they find her lying on the seafloor. “She'll die without help, ” says Trevor Long, leader of the rescue centre.
Using an onboard crane (吊车), the rescuers move the shark into their boat's 13 foot long tank (缸). Then Dr David Blyde gives the shark medicine and performs an operation to remove the spike. After that, the team sails with the shark to Sea World 33 miles away. They place the fish in a 49 foot long tank and wait to see if she gets better.
To give the shark's stomach some time to get better, she isn't fed for the first few days. A week after her operation, Long offers the shark a small, dead fish. The animal refuses to eat. But days later when he drops another fish into her tank, the shark enjoys her meal. By now the shark's wounds have got better.
Two weeks after her rescue, they take the shark back to the boat and return her to Moreton Bay Marine Park. As the fish is lowered by the crane to the water's surface, two rescuers jump into the ocean and guide her into the sea. From the boat, Long watches her swim away. “The shark has another chance，” Long says.
1．What happens to the sand tiger shark
A．She is unlucky and gets hurt badly.
B．She has nothing to eat for a few days.
C．She swims in Sea World and loses her way.
D．She is seriously ill because of sea water.
2．According to the text, which statement about Sea World is true
A．It helps protect and save animals.
B．It is 33 miles away from Gold Coast.
C．It hasn't enough space for another shark.
D．It has never performed operations on sharks.
3．What does Dr David Blyde do to rescue the shark
A．He turns to Sea World Marine Park in the nearby town of Gold Coast for help.
B．He offers the shark a small, dead fish.
C．He operates on the shark and removes the spike.
D．He jumps into the ocean and guide her into the sea.
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Danger from Sharks
B．Sand Tiger Shark Rescue
C．Moreton Bay Marine Park
D．A Rescue Team from Sea World
B
After decades of cat and mouse between athletes and the World Anti Doping Agency (WADA), athletes found what they must have believed to be the ultimate (终极的) doping agent: their own blood. To enhance athletic performance with your own blood, you draw your blood and store it in a freezer. Your body compensates by creating more blood.Then, months later, just before a competition, you can reinject (再注射) the old blood for a boost. As the red blood cell count goes up, so does an athlete's ability to absorb oxygen. The more oxygen you get with each breath, the more energy your body is able to burn off and the better you are able to perform.
Although the enhancement is small compared to actual drugs, it can be the difference between a gold medal and a silver medal. Best of all, “extra blood” was never something WADA tested for.
But WADA wasn't going to sit by and be fooled. What it came up with in response might be a solution to stopping doping once and for all: an athlete biological passport (ABP). The idea is to record some biological features of an athlete through testing done at regular intervals. The biological passport's partial implementation (实施)—recording blood and steroid levels began in January 2014.
When all necessary biological features are finally combined, WADA will no longer need to worry about finding new methods to detect (检测) a drug. It will only have to detect resulting changes in the body. In the case of blood doping, if an athlete's normal red blood cell count is, say, 47%, but then is found to be 51% after a competition, cheating may have been involved.
WADA is confident that the biological passport could even prevent genetic changes—the ultimate, ever lasting enhancement which are surely coming next. If an athlete inserts a performance enhancing gene, it will probably leave detectable changes in the body, which would differ from the athlete's features in the biological passport.
5．What does the underlined word “boost” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Treatment. B．Test.
C．Promotion. D．Recovery.
6．What words can be used to describe the athlete biological passport
A．Complex and expensive.
B．Simple and thorough.
C．Flexible and popular.
D．Controversial and confusing.
7．What is the writer's attitude towards the solution of anti doping mentioned in the text
A．Suspicious. B．Positive.
C．Worried. D．Unconcerned.
8．What can we infer about the athlete biological passport
A．It can only be used to test blood doping.
B．It has been completely adopted by WADA.
C．It is the excellent alternative for many athletes.
D．It's a good choice to ensure fairness in sports.
C
At 9：30 a．m. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification (通知) that I'd already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups, ” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9：52 a．m. ! Enjoy your time living in the moment. ”
These updates were sent via Moment, an app that tracks the screen time, created by Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent app developer, spending hours each day star ing at screens. After work, Holesh found that he was loo king mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a walk.
“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone, ” he said. “So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time. ” Holesh found that he was spending 75 minutes on his phone a day. He added a function to the app that informed him whenever his screen time was more than 40 minutes.“My phone would make a sound like a bee, and I'd go and do something else. It was like something pushing me in the right direction，” he said. Holesh figured that if the system worked for him, it would work for others, and later that year he made Moment a free app. To date, it has been downloaded 8 million times.
Besides, Moment also has a “coach” function, offer ing guided programs to help users focus and be more pro ductive, for $ 7.99 a month.
“I am so much happier, I sleep better, I read more, I take better care of myself, and most of all I am present in my day to day life, ” Jack, a user said. Similar comments on Moment reflect a growing consciousness around “digital wellness” , the name given to lifestyle practices that encourage healthy device use.
9．What does the inspiration of Moment come from
A．The creator's own experience.
B．The sound made by honey bees.
C．Complaints from family members.
D．The widespread digital addiction.
10．What does Moment do at the expected screen time
A．Monitor the screen and keep a record.
B．Make a noise to remind the user.
C．Turn off the phone immediately.
D．Force the user to take a rest.
11．What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 4
A．Persuade readers to buy the app.
B．Provide readers with some advice.
C．Recommend a coach to the readers.
D．Introduce more information of the app.
12．In which part of a website will you find this text
A．Fashion and Business.
B．Sports and Entertainment.
C．Health and Lifestyle.
D．Art and Design.
Ⅱ.七选五
For many people, bicycling is not just a convenient way of getting around town but also an exciting sport. Serious cyclists often arrange to take part in races.
__1__. Each racer leaves the starting line at a different time and heads hard for the finishing line. The cyclist who covers the distance in the shortest amount of time wins the race. __2__， because the bicycles are spread out and are not likely to run into each other.
Another kind of race is more difficult. A few city blocks are closed for competition. Then all the racers line up in a tight pack and begin racing at the same time. They cover many laps, going around and around the city blocks. __3__. It also requires skilful handling of the bicycle as it runs at full speed around other bicycles. The racer who completes all the laps first is the winner.
Road races are usually the longest cycling contests. __4__. The race course may be a straight stretch of road or a long series of roads across the country. The prize goes to the first person who crosses the finishing line.
Between races cyclists stay in condition by doing exercise that builds their strength so that they can keep riding for long periods of time. __5__， they often join bicycling groups and become licenced racers. So they can enter professional races. Just keep practising. Any cyclist could become a star.
A．One kind of race is the time trial
B．The race requires more than speed
C．As cyclists become more experienced
D．A time trial is a very safe race for beginners
E．Most people will seize possible chances to get around town
F．Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3,000 miles
G．When cyclists still need to build themselves up for those special races
Ⅲ.完形填空
Earlier that evening, my mother called, telling me that my brother died in a car crash. I stumbled (跌跌撞撞地走) around the house __1__ what to put into the suitcases. My husband, Larry, and I had been __2__ for moving to New Mexico. The house was in (a) total __3__. I tried to hold my tears. I aimlessly picked things up and put them down. I couldn't __4__.
Larry phoned a few friends. __5__， someone asked to speak to me. “If there is anything I can do, let me know. ” But I didn't know what to __6__.
The doorbell rang and I rose slowly for the __7__. It was Donna.
“I've come to __8__ your shoes, ” she said. __9__， I asked her to repeat. “When my father died, it took me hours to get the shoes cleaned and __10__ for my father's __11__， ” she said. I hadn't even thought about shoes.
Shoes were gathered. Donna __12__ herself on the floor and got to work. The love in the act __13__ my tears. Watching her __14__ on one task helped me pull my __15__ into order. Laundry first, I told myself. One by one, the jobs fell into place.,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．A.forgetting B．imagining
C．wondering D．searching
2．A.hoping B．packing
C．leaving D．planning
3．A.damage B．failure
C．despair D．mess
4．A.hurry B．decide
C．focus D．move
5．A.Constantly B．Luckily
C．Suddenly D．Happily
6．A.call for B．ask for
C．talk about D．get across
7．A.telephone B．noise
C．person D．door
8．A.borrow B．remove
C．clean D．repair
9．A.Touched B．Shocked
C．Confused D．Amused
10．A.washed B．coped
C．selected D．shined
11．A.satisfaction B．funeral
C．smiles D．wishes
12．A.laid B．stood
C．rested D．settled
13．A.released B．held
C．stopped D．caused
14．A.keeping B．concentrating
C．insisting D．depending
15．A.thoughts B．rooms
C．sadness D．luggage
Ⅳ.语法填空
Researchers from China's 32nd scientific expedition (考察) to the Antarctic discovered a 1,000 kilometre long canyon under 1.____________ Antarctic ice sheet. It is now the largest known canyon(峡谷) on the earth's surface.
Discovered near the Princess Elizabeth Land, the canyon is over 1,000 kilometres in 2.____________ (long) and 1,500 metres in depth. The maximum width at the top of the canyon is 26.5 kilometres. This is the first time that any large canyon 3.____________ (find) in the region.
According to data 4.____________ ( collect) on the site, Chinese scientists have made three major scientific discoveries there, said Sun Bo, vice director of China's 32nd Antarctic expedition team.
The first big discovery is the 5.____________ (world) largest canyon, which was beneath an Antarctic ice sheet near the Princess Elizabeth Land.
The second big discovery is 6.____________ there are numerous subglacial lakes and subglacial water channels, also beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. These lakes and bodies of water are interconnected. The width of one of the 7.____________ (lake) reaches 26.5 kilometres. This discovery will play an important role 8.____________ future research.
The third key finding is that the temperature of deep ice in Princess Elizabeth Land is 9.____________ (clear) higher than in other regions, which makes it easier for ice to melt，10.____________ ( mean) that lakes and other water systems form more easily.
参考答案
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．donate　2.corresponded　3.outcome　4.scientific　5.navy
6．premier　7.constant　8.joint　9.humble　10.microscope
Ⅱ.短语填空
1．turn to　2.With the development of　3.ranged from; to　4.is dedicated to　5.one another　6.according to　7.figure out　8.at the same time　9.deal with
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．was watching TV suddenly when　2.There is no doubt that
3．wouldn't have made　4.so much energy to his job that　5.a beautiful wooden desk　6.less important than　7.make you comfortable　8.the biggest apple that I have seen　9.an old black Japanese
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事。
1．A　细节理解题。由第一段中的“A two foot long spike sticks out of her side. It's a piece of fishing equipment that the shark ate carelessly. After travelling into her body, the spike punctured the shark's stomach.”可知，这条鲨鱼因为误食了一根两英尺长的钓鱼用具而导致胃部被刺穿。故选A项。
2．A　细节理解题。由第二段中的“Sea World sends a 12 person team from its rescue centre to where the shark has been discovered in Moreton Bay Marine Park. Soon, they find her lying on the seafloor.”可知，该公园派遣了一支由十二人组成的救援小组来到发现鲨鱼的地点。A选项“它(该公园)帮助保护和拯救动物”说法正确，故选A项。
3．C　细节理解题。由第三段中的“Then Dr David Blyde gives the shark medicine and performs an operation to remove the spike.”可知，布莱德医生给这条鲨鱼做了手术，把尖状物取了出来。故选C项。
4．B　主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事，B项“沙虎鲨救援”作为标题最恰当，故选B项。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章提到了世界反兴奋剂机构找到了一个可以彻底地测试运动员是否使用违禁药物的方法，即运动员生物护照。运动员生物护照可以通过检测运动员身体的变化来判断他们是否使用了违禁药物，它甚至可以用于预防运动员改变基因来提升成绩。
5．C　词义猜测题。根据第一段倒数第二句“As the red blood cell count goes up, so does an athlete's ability to absorb oxygen.”可知，在注入了旧血之后，随着红细胞数量的增加，运动员吸收氧气的能力也随之提高。因此画线词意思为“提高；提升”，promotion与之意思相符。故选C项。
6．B　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“It will only have to detect resulting changes in the body.”可知，运动员生物护照只需要检测身体变化就可以判断运动员是否使用了违禁药物，因此它是简单易操作的；且根据第五段第一句“WADA is confident that the biological passport could even prevent genetic changes—the ultimate, ever lasting enhancement—which are surely coming next.”可知，这种生物护照甚至可以预防运动员改变基因，因此相较于其他的检测方法，生物护照的检查更加全面。综上，生物护照的特性是“简单并且全面的”，故选B项。
7．B　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“When all necessary biological features are finally combined, WADA will no longer need to worry about finding new methods to detect a drug.”可知，作者认为当所有必要的生物特征最终结合起来时，世界反兴奋剂机构将不再需要为寻找新的药物检测方法而担心。由此可见，作者对文中提到的反违禁药物问题的解决方案是积极肯定的。故选B项。
8．D　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“What it came up with in response might be a solution to stopping doping once and for all: an athlete biological passport (ABP)．”可知，运动员的生物护照可能是一个彻底制止使用违禁药物的解决方案。据此可推测，运动员生物护照是保证体育竞赛公平的一个不错的选择，故选D项。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备。文章主要介绍了这款软件的发明过程和功能，以及用户对它的评价。
9．A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“These updates were sent via Moment...to fight his own device addiction.” ，并结合该段其他内容和第三段可知，该软件的发明源于Kevin Holesh自己的经历，故A项正确。
10．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He added a function to the app...and do something else.”可知，如果超时使用手机，则这款软件会使手机发出声音来提醒使用者，故B项正确。
11．D　写作意图题。根据第四段的内容可知，该软件还具有“教练”功能，提供一些指导方案，让用户注意力集中，更有效率，并结合上文介绍的该软件的超时使用手机的提醒功能可推知，在第四段作者旨在介绍该软件的更多信息，故D项正确。
12．C　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种名为“Moment”的手机软件，该软件可以对超时使用手机的人发出提醒，让人们合理使用设备，拥有更有益于健康的生活方式。据此可推知，本文最有可能摘自健康和生活方式版块，故C项正确。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自行车运动。对许多人来说，骑自行车不仅是一种方便的出行方式，而且是一项令人兴奋的运动。热衷骑自行车的人经常会参加比赛。
1．A　下文提示“每位参赛选手在不同的时间出发，奋力冲向终点线。全程用时最短的选手赢得比赛”。A项“One kind of race is the time trial”(一种比赛是计时赛)可作为该段主旨句，符合语境。故选A。
2．D　后半句提示“因为自行车是分散的，不太可能撞到彼此”，与D项“A time trial is a very safe race for beginners(计时赛对初学者来说是非常安全的比赛)”衔接紧密。故选D。
3．B　下文提示“它还需要熟练的自行车技巧，因为它要在其他自行车的附近全速行进”。B项“The race requires more than speed(比赛需要的不仅仅是速度)”引出下文。下文中的also将上下句紧密联系在一起。故选B。
4．F　上文提示“公路比赛通常是最长的自行车比赛”，再根据下文提示“赛道可以是一段笔直的道路，也可以是贯穿于全国的多条道路”可知，F项“Racers have to cover anywhere from 35 miles to almost 3,000 miles(参赛者必须骑行从35英里到近3,000英里之间的任何距离)”切题。故选F。
5．C　根据空后“他们经常加入自行车团体，成为有执照的车手”可知，C项“As cyclists become more experienced(随着自行车手越来越有经验)”切题。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文主要讲述了作者在失去亲人后心理状态很不好，由于受到了别人的帮助而恢复了正常。
1．C　根据空前的“I stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)”和下文中的“I tried to hold my tears.”以及文章开头第一句话可推知，作者听到亲人去世的噩耗时，有些不知所措，虽然是在收拾行李，却不知道该把什么放进手提箱里。wonder“感到疑惑，想知道”。
2．B　根据本句中的“for moving to New Mexico”可推知，作者为搬家到新墨西哥州而打包(packing)。
3．D　根据上文可知，作者和丈夫一直在为搬家而收拾行李由此可推知，当时作者的家里应该是很杂乱(mess)。
4．C　根据语境可知，作者当时的心理状态非常不好，不能集中精力做事情。focus“集中(注意力、精力于)”，符合语境。
5．A　根据上句“Larry phoned a few friends.”可推知，作者的丈夫将作者失去弟弟的事情告诉了一些朋友，他们接着就不断地(Constantly)打电话说愿意提供帮助。
6．B　根据语境可知，作者当时并不知道需要朋友们提供什么样的帮助。call for“呼吁”；ask for“要求，请求”；talk about“谈论”；get across“解释清楚”。
7．D　根据本句中的“The doorbell rang”可知，作者站起来去应门(door)。
8．C　根据下文中的“to get the shoes cleaned”可推知，Donna是来帮作者清理(clean)鞋的。
9．C　根据本句中的“I asked her to repeat”可推知，作者当时对Donna说的来帮她清理鞋子感到困惑(Confused)。touched“受感动的”；shocked“震惊的”；amused“逗乐的”。
10．D　根据“When my father died”可推知，Donna应是说她为了参加父亲的葬礼(funeral)去清理鞋子并把它们擦亮(shined)。
11．B　参见第10题解析。
12．D　根据上句“Shoes were gathered.”和语境可推知，当鞋被聚集到一起之后，Donna在地板上找到舒适的位置(settled)开始清理鞋。
13．A　根据上文中的“I tried to hold my tears.”和语境可知，Donna用行动所展示的关爱让作者感动得流泪。release“释放”。
14．B　根据上文“Donna __12__ herself on the floor and got to work.”可知，当时Donna在专心地清理鞋。keep on“继续，反复做”；concentrate on“集中(注意力)于”； insist on“坚持”；depend on“依靠”。
15．A　根据上文可知，作者当时因为亲人的突然离世而乱了思绪，而看到Donna专心地帮她清理鞋让她的思想(thoughts)恢复到了有序状态。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国第32南极科学考察队的研究人员在南极冰盖下发现了一条1000公里长的峡谷，并详细介绍了三个重要发现。
1．an　考查冠词。句意：中国第32南极科学考察队的研究人员在南极冰原下发现了一条1000公里长的峡谷。sheet为可数名词，分析句子可知此处表示单数，所以前面需要使用不定冠词，设空后的单词Antarctic 为元音，故填an。
2．length　考查词性转化。句意：峡谷长1000多公里，深1500米。短语in length 表示长度，与后一句的in depth 用法一致，所以将形容词long改为名词length，作介词in的宾语。故填length。
3．has been found　考查时态。句意：这是该地区第一次发现大型峡谷。句型This/It is /was the first/second/third time that＋从句，从句时态使用现在完成时，主语canyon此处使用了单数，根据主谓一致原则，结合句意，主语canyon与find是被动关系，用被动语态，综上，故填has been found。
4．collected　考查非谓语动词。句意：根据现场收集的数据，中国科学家在那里取得了三项重大科学发现。分析句子可知此处作定语，所以collect应使用非谓语动词，因为与逻辑主语data构成被动关系，表示被收集的数据，所以使用过去分词形式表被动，故填collected。
5．world's　考查名词所有格。句意：第一个重大发现是世界上最大的峡谷，它位于伊丽莎白公主岛附近的南极冰盖下。固定搭配the world’s ＋形容词最高级＋名词，表示世界上最……用名词所有格修饰名词canyon，故填world's。
6．that　考查表语从句引导词。句意：第二个重大发现是在南极冰盖的下面，有许多冰下湖泊和冰下水道。分析句子可知这是一个表语从句，从句部分成分与句意完整，所以应使用that引导从句，不可省略，故填that。
7．lakes　考查名词单复数。句意：其中一个湖的宽度达到26.5公里。固定搭配one of the ＋可数名词复数形式，表示……之一，故填lakes。
8．in　考查介词。句意：这个发现将会在未来的研究中发挥重要作用。短语play an important role in sth表示“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”是固定短语，故填in。
9．clearly　考查副词。句意：第三个重要发现是，伊丽莎白公主岛的深层冰的温度明显高于其他地区。此处要修饰形容词higher，所以应使用副词修饰形容词，故填clearly。
10．meaning　考查非谓语动词。句意：伊丽莎白公主岛深层冰的温度明显高于其他地区，这使得冰更容易融化，意味着湖泊和其他水系更容易形成。分析句子可知谓语动词为makes，mean在此使用非谓语动词，结合句意，此处表示意料之中的结果，用现在分词，故填meaning。