北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise单元练习（含答案）

Unit 11　Conflict and Compromise　单元练习
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a ________ (妥协)．
2．They made a ________ (决定) to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas holidays.
3．They voted to ________ (停止) strike action immediately.
4．There was a court case resulting from this ________ (事件)．
5．We ________ (协商) with the school administration about the tuition increase.
6．They couldn't relax or read a book without ________ (把……塞住) their ears.
7．It was reported that several people had been ________ (逮捕)．
8．The child was brought up in a ________ (偏远的) mountain village.
9．The newspaper ________ (收回) the words about the film star the next day.
10．Then we ________ (分发) some presents such as books and school bags to/among them.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We drove along a ________ (mud) lane to reach the farmhouse.
2．You really need a magnifying glass ________ (appreciate) all the fine detail.
3．The ________ (identify) of the air crash victims hasn't been clarified.
4．They drew different ________ (conclude) from the facts.
5．I had my wallet ________ (steal) in the supermarket yesterday.
6．He admitted there had been ________ (distribute) problems.
7．________ (obesity) people are more at risk from diabetes and heart disease.
8．I was ________ (annoy) to find he broke my cup.
9．Last Monday, I ________ (walk) in the street when I suddenly saw an old man fall off his bicycle.
10．The drought did a lot of harm ________ the crops.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．不要把皮肤直接暴露在阳光下。(expose...to)
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2．电视上的暴力节目会给儿童造成很坏的影响。(have a bad influence on...)
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3．我们是时候改掉这些坏习惯并且行动起来保护环境了。(take action)
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4．我受够了我的破烂英语。(be fed up with)
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5．糟糕的饮食终将导致疾病。(lead to)
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6．体育锻炼是消除愤怒的有效方式。(get rid of)
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7．如果你不缴税，他们将要惩罚你。(have＋宾语＋宾补)
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8．他在购物时丢了电脑，结果泄露了所有绝密照片。(现在分词作结果状语)
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9．我许了愿，吹了蜡烛。(blow out)
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10．主席要求考虑这些报告。(request that)
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【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Humans and elephants don't always get along. In Africa and Asia, elephants damage infrastructure (基础设施), farmers' crops, and natural habitat critical for other species. If an elephant becomes a problem, humans may kill it. So local people and conservationists are trying to find better ways to keep elephants away from sensitive places. Now, researchers think they have a good tool to stop elephants: honeybee pheromones (信息素)．
“Elephants hate being stung in the trunk, so it's an extremely sensitive organ. Imagine being stung in your nose by a bee, and multiply that a few thousand times，” said Mark Wright, a professor of entomology (昆虫学) at the University of Hawaii at Mnoa.
Kenyan farmers have long known that if they hang live beehives around their farms, they will repel elephants. “The problem is logistical, how do you manage hundreds of thousands of hives, if you have a huge area to protect And then the idea came up to look at the alarm pheromones, which are chemicals that the bees release to launch an attack on something that's damaging the hive.” Because elephants have a highly developed sense of smell, Wright and his team thought they might be able to use the bees' chemical alarm signal to affect elephant behavior.
So the researchers tested out a synthetic blend of chemicals that imitates honeybees' alarm pheromones. In Greater Kruger National Park in South Africa, the team hung white socks treated with the synthetic mixture as well as untreated control socks around an elephant watering hole, and then observed the animals' behavior. “Elephants are really curious organisms, they'll walk along and see something like a sock hanging on a branch in the environment, and they'll inspect it, and if it's not treated with the alarm pheromones, they'll pick it up, throw it around, try to taste it, things like that. And in the case of the treated ones, we found that they would show immediate signs of unease or uncertainty, and they'd eventually back off from them. Very seldom would they go to pick them up and play with them.” The study is in the journal Current Biology.
1．To prevent elephants from becoming a problem, the researchers will ________.
A．kill them
B．scare them away
C．apply honeybee pheromones
D．restore a new ecosystem
2．If we need to protect an area on a large scale, the method of the Kenyan farmers is ________.
A．scientific B．flexible
C．awesome D．impractical
3．Why did the researcher conduct the study
A．To confirm what they thought.
B．To attract the elephants' attention.
C．To preserve the elephants' habitat.
D．To test out honeybee's alarm pheromones.
4．What does the author intend to mention in the following paragraph
A．Add some background information.
B．Summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
D．Present some potential solutions.
B
A group of young adults are building wooden boats, serving as workers in a boat building program sponsored by the Alexandria Seaport Foundation to be taught skills, self confidence and discipline to change their lives for the better.
The young workers learn their craft at the foundation's seaport center, a floating wooden house on the banks of the Potomac River in Alexandria, once a busy seaport town in America. The yearlong program teaches small groups of young adults from 18 to 22 years old how to build small wooden sailboats. The program pays them a small wage.
A number of the young adults have not finished high school, and the foundation works to help them pass their GED, a high school equivalency. Those who do not have adequate math skills receive tutoring from a volunteer. One of the young workers, Chris, says he was a good student but had to drop out of high school to work due to his family situation. The program manager, once a role model of the group, remarks, “They know I'm living proof of what hard work and dedication will make you get.” Now more than halfway through his apprenticeship (学徒期), Chris says he feels better about himself.
When the wooden boats are finished, they will be sold. Chris says he will be sad to see them go but knows that, like life, they are meant to sail forward. “There is so much creativity that gets into making them. They're beautiful on the water. I'm delighted they're going to be a good home.”
5．What is the boat building program intended to do
A．Offer boats to companies that need them.
B．Donate boats to the poor community nearby.
C．Help more people learn about the history of boats.
D．Make a better life for those young adults in trouble.
6．What can those young workers learn in this program
A．They learn how to manage a program.
B．They learn how to build up confidence.
C．They learn how to build boats and sell them.
D．They learn how to teach others math problems.
7．What can we infer from the text
A．The boats built are meant for tourism.
B．Chris dropped out of school for poor marks.
C．The young workers are all taught by volunteers.
D．Participants of the program are not all teenagers.
8．What is this article mainly about
A．Hard work is what leads to success.
B．The art of building boats is hard to learn.
C．The future of the youth lies in themselves.
D．Building boats improves the young's lives.
Ⅱ.七选五
Handwriting is quickly becoming a dying art. Few businesses can run nowadays without computers. __1__ Researchers from Princeton University conducted a study to demonstrate the differences between students who wrote out their notes and those who typed notes in a lecture. __2__ Participants were tested on the material 30 minutes after the lecture and again a week later. And handwriting emerged as the champion.
__3__ The typers had a significant edge when it came to note taking efficiency. The typers could copy down significantly many more words than the writers, sometimes even transcribing the content of the lecture word for word.
But while more of the lecture's content was retained (保留) on paper when typing, it wasn't necessarily retained in participants' heads. __4__ On the test 30 minutes after the lecture, typers and writers did more or less equally well on questions about the basic facts of the lecture, but typers fell behind when it came to more conceptual questions.
As for the later quiz, the results were similar. Students with handwritten notes were able to remember and still understand the concepts of the lecture after a week had passed. These participants were also more open to understanding new ideas. __5__
A．The tests that the participants took proved this.
B．The efficiency of handwriting might best benefit you.
C．That's not to say that typing doesn't have its benefits.
D．In this study, the laptops were only used to take notes.
E．Generally speaking, typing also has its own disadvantages.
F．But what are we losing as handwriting loses its significance in society
G．Clearly, writing by hand is one of the things that can make you smarter.
Ⅲ.完形填空
MacArthur's love for sailing dates back to when she was just 4 years old, when she first got the opportunity to have a try on a boat. “It __1__ me that this boat had everything we needed to take us anywhere in the world. And as a child, that opened up everything and made me feel the greatest sense of __2__，” she explained.
This experience __3__ a passion within MacArthur that she wanted to sail around the world. Growing up in the countryside, she had no idea how to __4__ it. However, she knew that was what she wanted to do at some stage. So she acquired knowledge and __5__ for years to seek her dream in sailing. Having merely potatoes and beans every day for eight years, she __6__ could afford the right equipment. By reaching such __7__ goals and asking technical questions about __8__， MacArthur felt as though she was getting __9__ to her ambition.
“The impossible could be possible and __10__ high is not necessarily such a crazy thing to do，” she said. And it seems that MacArthur's __11__ to become a sailor went beyond her expectations. At the age of 24, she started to __12__ media attention after winning the second place in the Vendée Globe, a single handed non stop yacht (帆船) race that went around the world.
Four years later, MacArthur chose to sail for 71 days and 14 hours, __13__ more than 26,000 miles. This led her to set a new record. __14__ this record has been surpassed (超过), MacArthur is still considered as Britain's most successful offshore racer.
So when you know where you're going, you can actually get there—even if it seems __15__！,
1．A.benefited B．struck
C．taught D．treated
2．A.wonder B．magic
C．direction D．freedom
3．A.lighted B．left
C．carried D．invented
4．A.approach B．gain
C．achieve D．forget
5．A.made up B．saved up
C．turned up D．picked up
6．A.eventually B．fortunately
C．gradually D．definitely
7．A.personal B．financial
C．final D．academic
8．A.school B．sailing
C．driving D．business
9．A.further B．deeper
C．closer D．smarter
10．A.working B．designing
C．meaning D．aiming
11．A.lesson B．mind
C．confidence D．plan
12．A.accept B．receive
C．enjoy D．keep
13．A.including B．reaching
C．covering D．floating
14．A.After B．When
C．Whether D．While
15．A.impossible B．constant
C．valuable D．available
Ⅳ.语法填空
A lot of people feel overwhelmed trying to make changes that help the planet. Conservation psychologist Janet Swim from Pennsylvania State University says people often think their actions won't have enough of 1.________ impact to matter. “It's like, ‘What can I do It's just me.’” 2.________ it does matter a lot. “It's just like voting，” the professor says. “I vote. I'm only one person. That one action is an important action 3.________ (take). We work together as a collective to do things，” she said. And there's the multiplier effect. “Small behaviors matter particularly when 4.________ (accumulate) across time and across people，” Swim said. Household behavior 5.________ (actual) can make a substantial difference, 6.________ (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions, according to researchers from Michigan State University and Vanderbilt University. Most of that potential comes from adopting energy efficient behaviors. Their research lists the most practical 17 steps 7.________ each American can take, including carpooling, weatherizing houses and driving fuel efficient 8.________ (vehicle). If every American takes these steps, according to these researchers, it 9.________ (cut) the total U．S. household emissions by 20% over ten years—an amount equal 10.________ the entire emissions output of France.
Ⅴ.写作
第一节　应用文写作
假定你是高中生李华，国际城市博览会(International City Fair)将在你市举行，现向社会招募志愿者，你有意参加，请你写一封申请信。内容包括：
1．表达愿望；
2．个人情况及优势；
3．希望得到回复。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir/Madam，
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Yours，
Li Hua
第二节　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a Saturday afternoon. The color of the sky was changing, first light gray, then dark gray, and finally dark and dense. The wind was blowing heavily, and the trees were swaying in the strong wind. It began to rain cats and dogs. Soon, the road was filled with puddles.
On such a stormy afternoon, my mother took my five year old brother, Christopher, and me to a new big toy store she had read about in the newspaper. “So many toys，” the advertisement had shouted (明确无误地指出) in full and flashy color, “that we have to get a huge warehouse to fit them all！”
Christopher and I couldn't have been more excited. We ran across the parking lot, through the cold and biting rain, as fast as our little legs could carry us. We left our mother outside to battle with the frustrating umbrella, which never worked when she wanted it to. “Christine! Take care of your young brother！” Mother shouted at the top of her voice.
“Christine! I'm going to find the Lego section (乐高积木区)! There's a new pirate ship I want, and I have four dollars! Maybe I can buy it！” Christopher exclaimed and ran off excitedly. I only half heard him. I took a right turn and, to my wide eyed delight, found myself in the midst of the Barbie (芭比) World.
I was studying a Barbie and doing some simple math in my head when suddenly an earthshaking clap of thunder roared from the storm outside. I jumped at the noise, dropping the doll to the floor. The lights flickered (闪烁) once and died, covering everything in a blanket of blackness. Thunder continued to shake the sky and lightning illuminated the store for seconds, casting frightening shadows on my mind.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
“Oh no，” I thought. “Where's Christopher？” ______________________________
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“Christine, I'm here.” _____________________________________________________
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参考答案
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．compromise　2.resolution　3.cease　4.incident　5.negotiated
6．plugging　7.arrested　8.remote　9.withdrew　10.distributed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．muddy　2.to appreciate　3.identification　4.conclusions　5.stolen　6.distribution　7.Obese　8.annoyed　9.was walking　10.to
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．Don't expose your skin directly to the sun.
2．Violent programmes on TV may have a very bad influence on children.
3．It's high time we got rid of these bad habits and took action to protect the environment.
4．I'm fed up with my poor English.
5．A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness.
6．Physical exercise is an effective way to get rid of anger.
7．They'll have you punished if you don't pay your taxes.
8．He lost his computer while shopping, giving away all his secret photos.
9．I made a wish and blew out the candles.
10．The chairman requested that the reports (should) be considered.
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇研究报道。人类和大象并不总能和睦相处。如果大象成为问题，那人类可能会杀掉它们。因此，当地居民和自然资源保护主义者正试图找到更好的方法，让大象远离敏感地区。现在，研究人员认为他们拥有了阻止大象的好工具：蜜蜂信息素。
1．C'推理判断题。根据第一段中的“So local people and conservationists are trying to find better ways...good tool to stop elephants: honeybee pheromones (信息素)．”可推知，为了防止大象成为一个问题，研究人员将使用蜜蜂信息素，故选C项。
2．D'推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“The problem is logistical...if you have a huge area to protect？”可推知，如果大规模保护一个区域，肯尼亚农民的方法是不切实际的，故选D项。
3．A'细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“Wright and his team...elephant behavior.”以及最后一段第一句“So the researchers tested out...that imitates honeybees' alarm pheromones.”可知，研究人员进行这个研究是为了确认他们的想法。
4．D'推理判断题。通读全文可知，用成千上万的蜂箱去驱逐大象不切实际，研究人员进而做实验用信息素来驱逐大象，达到了预想的效果。由此推知，接下来应是介绍一些可能解决这个问题的方法。故选D项。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一群年轻人在基金会的支持与帮助下学习新的技能以改变他们的生活，使我们意识到年轻人的未来在于他们自己。
5．D'细节理解题。根据第一段可知，一群年轻人正在建造木船，在亚历山大海港基金会赞助的造船项目中担任工人，学习技能、学会自信和纪律，以便更好地改变他们的生活。由此可知，造船计划的目的是让那些有困难的年轻人过上更好的生活。故选D项。
6．B'细节理解题。根据第一段可知，一群年轻人正在建造木船，在亚历山大海港基金会赞助的造船项目中担任工人，学习技能、学会自信和纪律，以便更好地改变他们的生活。由此可知，在这个项目中，那些年轻工能学到如何建立信心。故选B项。
7．D'推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The yearlong program teaches small groups of young adults from 18 to 22 years old how to build small wooden sailboats.”可知，这个为期一年的项目教一小部分18到22岁的年轻人如何建造小型木制帆船。由此可知，只有一小部分青少年，故在这里工作的人并非都是青少年。故选D项。
8．C　主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Chris says he will be sad to see them go but knows that, like life, they are meant to sail forward.”可知，克里斯说，看到它们离开他会很难过，但他知道，就像生活一样，它们注定要向前航行。由此可知，这篇文章主要是告诉我们年轻人的未来在于他们自己。故选C项。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。手写在快速消失，电脑在当今生活中发挥着重要作用。但是，当手写在社会上失去意义时，我们会失去什么呢？实验证明，手写笔记可以让人更聪明。
1．F'上文阐述手写在快速消失，电脑在当今生活中的重要性。设空处承接上文，说明手写在社会中的消失引发人们反思，故F选项“但是，随着手写在社会中失去其重要性，我们会失去什么呢？”符合上下文语境，故选F。
2．D'前文提到针对手写记笔记和用电脑打字记笔记之间的不同进行的一项研究，后文提到参与者们之后进行测试。所以D项“这项研究中，电脑只能用来记笔记。”符合语境，故选D。
3．C'根据后文“The typers had a significant edge when it came to note taking efficiency.”可知，打字者在记笔记的效率方面有明显的优势。由此可知，本段是在说打字的好处。故C选项“这并不是说打字没有好处。”符合语境，故选C。
4．A'根据后文“On the test...conceptual questions.”可知，在讲座结束30分钟后的测试中，打字者与手写者在关于讲座基本内容的问题上表现得差不多，但在更概念化的问题上，打字者就落后了。由此可知，该测试证实了上文“虽然打字时能把讲座中更多的内容保留在纸上，但未必就会保留在参与者的脑中”这一观点。故A选项“参与者参加的测试证实了这一点”符合上下文语境，故选A。
5．G'根据上文“Students with handwritten notes...new ideas.”可知，一个星期过去之后，手写笔记的学生仍然能够记住并理解讲座中的概念。这些参与者对理解新思想也更开放。因此，本空在进行总结，说明手写可以让人更聪明。故G选项“显然，手写是可以让你变得更聪明的事情之一”符合语境，故选G。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。4岁时的一次坐船经历点燃了麦克阿瑟环游世界的激情，她最终实现了梦想，把不可能变成了可能。
1．B'我突然想到，这艘船拥有带我们到世界任何地方所需要的一切。It strikes/struck sb. that...为固定句型，意为“某人突然想到……”，故选B。
2．D'这一切让麦克阿瑟开阔了眼界，感受到极大的自由感。wonder奇迹；magic魔术；direction方向；freedom自由。故选D。
3．A'这次经历点燃了她想环游世界的激情。light点燃；leave离开；carry携带；invent发明。故选A。
4．C'她想要环游世界，从小在乡下长大的她不知道如何做到这一点。approach接近；gain获得；achieve达到；forget忘记。故选C。
5．B'她为此获取知识，攒了多年的钱。make up编造；save up攒钱；turn up出现；pick up捡起。故选B。
6．A'八年里，她只吃土豆和豆类，终于攒够了钱购买合适的设备。eventually最终；fortunately幸运地；gradually逐渐地；definitely明确地。故选A。
7．B'她终于攒够了钱购买合适的设备，实现了经济上的目标。personal个人的；financial财政的；final最终的；academic学术的。故选B。
8．B'这里指做好经济上的和航海知识上的储备，所以询问的是航海技术问题。school学校；sailing航海；driving驾驶；business生意。故选B。
9．C'麦克阿瑟觉得她离自己追求的目标越来越近了。far远的；deep深的；close近的；smart聪明的。故选C。
10．D'不可能的事也可能发生，把目标定得高并不一定是一件疯狂的事情。小时候想要环游世界的梦想对她来说是一件目标很高的事情。work工作；design设计；mean意味着；aim力求达到。故选D。
11．D'麦克阿瑟成为一名航海者的计划似乎超出了她的预期。lesson教训；mind头脑；confidence自信；plan计划。故选D。
12．B'她开始受到媒体的关注。accept接受；receive获得；enjoy欣赏；keep保持。故选B。
13．C'四年后，麦克阿瑟选择航行71天14小时，航程超过26,000英里。include包括；reach达到；cover覆盖，行走(一段路程)；float漂浮。故选C。
14．D'尽管这一纪录已经被打破，麦克阿瑟仍然被认为是英国最成功的海上赛船选手。故选D。while虽然，尽管。
15．A'所以当你知道你要去哪里的时候，你实际可以到达那里，即使这看起来是不可能的。航海生涯对她来说几乎是“不可能的”。impossible不可能的；constant经常的；valuable有价值的；available可获得的。故选A。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍家庭行为可以产生重大影响，减少温室气体排放。
1．an'“have enough of an impact”有足够的影响。此处用不定冠词表泛指，impact的第一个读音是元音音素。句意：宾夕法尼亚州立大学的环境保护心理学家Janet Swim说，人们经常认为他们的行为不会有足够的影响。
2．But'此处与上文形成转折关系。句意：但这的确很重要。
3．to take　此处用动词不定式作定语，修饰名词action。句意：这是一个需要实施的重要行动。
4．accumulated'此处是时间状语从句的省略，when后面省略了they are。句意：小的行为尤其重要，尤其是跨越时间和人群的积累。
5．actually'此处用副词修饰整个句子。句意：密歇根州立大学和范德比尔特大学的研究人员称，家庭行为实际上可以产生重大影响，减少温室气体排放。
6．reducing'此处用非谓语动词作结果状语，逻辑主语household behavior与动词reduce构成主动关系。句意同上。
7．that'此处是定语从句，因为先行词steps由形容词最高级修饰，关系代词只能用that。句意：他们的研究列出了每个美国人可以采取的最实用的17种方式，其中包括拼车、为房屋进行保温隔热以及驾驶节能汽车。
8．vehicles'此处用可数名词复数形式表泛指。句意同上。
9．will cut'本句从句用了一般现在时代替一般将来时，主句是对未来十年后的预测，所以用一般将来时。句意：根据这些研究人员的说法，如果每个美国人都采取这些措施，那么在未来十年内，美国家庭的总排放量将减少20%……
10． to'固定短语be equal to相当于，等于。句意：……相当于法国的总排放量。
Ⅴ.写作
第一节
参考范文：
Dear Sir/Madam，
My name is Li Hua and I am keen to do some voluntary work for the International City Fair to be held in our city. So I am writing to apply to be a part of you.
I am outgoing and active. which can be a great help for voluntary work. Besides, I am familiar with how to perform my duty. Most important of all, I have a good command of English. I would appreciate it if you give me a chance and I do hope I can be accepted as a member of volunteers.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours，
Li Hua
第二节
参考范文：
“Oh no，” I thought. “Where's Christopher？” Scared, I was frozen to the spot, overcome with the need to see my brother and make certain he was all right. My stomach twisted and turned inside. I ran up and down the aisles through the darkness, panic filling my small chest and making it difficult to breathe. I knocked into displays of candy and tripped over toys, all the while frantically calling my brother's name. Anxious as I was, I could barely see his figure. Tears of frustration and fear trickled down my face, but I continued to run.
“Christine, I'm here.” Excitement took my breath away—there in the dark Lego aisle I found Christopher. He was standing alone, perfectly still, clutching tightly at the pirate ship set. I began to cry out with relief, threw my arms around him and hugged him tightly. He hugged me back, saying, “I know if I wait here, Christine, you will be able to find me.” Then, I took his hand in mine and we went to find our mother, who must be desperately searching the store for us.