北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 10 Connections单元练习（含答案）

Unit 10　Connections 　单元练习
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．His ________ (理论) is based on facts and experiments.
2．The survey used a ________ (随机的) sample of two thousand people across England and Wales.
3．As the best friend, you should ________ (安慰) her instead of leaving her alone.
4．The government ________ (回应) quickly to the outbreak of the COVID 19 in Dalian.
5．The ________ (词语) is often used when a man cannot get the support he seeks.
6．I want people to have a good ________ (印象) of solar cars.
7．About 23,000,000,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide are ________ (释放) into the atmosphere every year.
8．The violence was the result of political and ethnic ________ (冲突)．
9．His ________ (羡慕) of his brother soon turned to jealousy.
10．Don't ________ (打断) your father when he's reading.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．He ________ (apologise) to her for the delay in his last letter.
2．The Chinese government has ________ (adopt) several noise control plans.
3．What you said made a deep ________ (impress) on me.
4．Someone might burst out ________ (laugh) when they understand a joke.
5．When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________ (tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
6．She was given every ________ (encourage) to try something new.
7．This is the most ________ (frequent) used method.
8．The party tries to appeal ________ all classes of society.
9．In order to get the money ________ (legal), we got a lawyer.
10．Two men were ________ (freeze) to death on the mountain.
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．专家对疫情的决定是基于数据和经验而做出来的。(be based on)
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2．尽管他知道道路被洪水冲毁，但他仍然想尝试着去上学。(make an attempt to do)
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3．得知外教迈克要回到美国去，我们全班同学都去了机场给他送行。(send sb. off)
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4．得知疫情暴发，很多医生和护士都申请去武汉做志愿者。(apply to do)
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5．这次交通事故导致了一连串的事件。(a chain of)
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6．我不知道她说那个的时候指的是谁。(refer to)
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7．他拾起他的帽子走了。(pick up)
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8．四十年前，工人很受人们尊敬。(被动语态)
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9．当我到达会议室时，一场会议正在那里举行。(被动语态)
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10．当他到家的时候发现他的手表已经被偷了。(被动语态)
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【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Jesse Owens thought deeply of what he went through after the Berlin 1936 Olympic Games and said, “People say it was shameful for an Olympic champion to run against a horse, but what was I supposed to do The fall from glory was hard to take and it surely troubled me. But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat.”
The four time gold medal winner refused to accept an invitation to compete in Sweden immediately after the Games with fellow 1936 stars, and he received good commercial (商业的) offers back in the USA. Shortly after his athletic career ended, the commercial offers dried up and with no chance to remind the public of his good skills in sports, his life became difficult.
After getting married and having his first daughter, he had to earn money. He first took part in the local races and won easily because of his special talent. He then raced against motorbikes, cars, trucks and finally horses. In the following years, he worked as a lift operator, petrol station assistant, playground doorkeeper and manager of a dry cleaning firm.
It was in the 1950s that things started to change for Owens and his family. He began to give speeches to corporations and bodies including the Ford Motor Company and the US Olympic Committee. He opened his own public relations business, travelling across the USA to stress the importance of behaving in a fair and respectful way towards the opposing team or player. In 1976, President Gerald Ford awarded Owens the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter presented the Olympic champion with the Living Legend Award. In 1990, George H．W. Bush posthumously awarded Owens the Congressional Medal of Honor.
1．What can we learn about Jesse Owens in the first paragraph
A．He was sensitive to others' words.
B．He was worried about his future life.
C．He chose another way to make a living.
D．He found it hard to forget about his past experiences.
2．What problem did Jesse Owens have after he closed his sporting career
A．He fell behind other stars.
B．He lost his skills in sports.
C．He failed to live a normal life.
D．He didn't receive commercial offers.
3．What did Jesse Owens put stress on when giving speeches
A．Behaving well. B．Working hard.
C．Acting quickly. D．Thinking positively.
4．What is the text mainly about
A．Jesse Owens' opinion on making decisions.
B．Jesse Owens' success in sports and speeches.
C．Jesse Owens' life after the Olympic Games.
D．Jesse Owens' honors awarded by presidents.
B
Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can't be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
5．Before children start speaking ________.
A．they need equal amount of listening
B．they need different amounts of listening
C．they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
D．they can't understand and obey the adults' oral instructions
6．Children who start speaking late ________.
A．may have problems with their listening
B．probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C．usually pay close attention to what they hear
D．often take a long time in learning to listen properly
7．A baby's first noises are ________.
A．an expression of his moods and feelings
B．an early form of language
C．a sign that he means to tell you something
D．an imitation of the speech of adults
8．The writer implies ________.
A．parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
B．children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
C．children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly
D．even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating
Ⅱ.七选五
Knowing your neighbors can make you feel safer and can make your life a little more enjoyable. __1__
Start a Facebook group. Many online groups already exist for local communities, but they may just focus on swapping and selling objects, or simply for exploring the local area. __2__ For example, starting a Facebook group.
Get volunteering. Volunteering is a great way to meet like minded neighbors and make a difference to your community. __3__ Charities are the most obvious place to start. Charities, large or small, are always looking for help in regions across the UK. A simple Google search can help you discover local charities and volunteer opportunities.
Practice everyday kindness. Kindness is the start to possible long lasting friendships. Everyday acts of kindness can be as simple as saying hello when you see your neighbors in the street or the supermarket. It may be seeing someone struggle with the gardening and offering your help. __4__
Start an exercise group. There are a rare few of us that are motivated to start exercising, and even fewer that enjoy doing it alone. __5__ Plan big walks of your area and ask neighbors to come along. You could sign up together to attempt a marathon or half marathon. Or perhaps you can arrange a Zumba, yoga, or aerobics (有氧运动) class in the community centre.
A．However, you are often too busy to realize this.
B．There are many ways to volunteer in your local community.
C．Starting a neighborhood exercise group may be just the ticket.
D．So why not set one up simply to get to know your neighbors better
E．It may also be taking in that rather large parcel when no one is home.
F．If you're new to an area or don't know how to make local friends, try these suggestions.
G．These groups indeed make life in communities easier and more comfortable for you.
Ⅲ.完形填空
When I was a kid, I once went camping. At the camp we did tons of great things like swimming, sports and archery (射箭), but for me, the most memorable __1__ was an overnight trip of mountain climbing. If you've ever __2__ a mountain, you know it's a physical challenge, __3__ when you're carrying your food and shelter on your back. When campers got __4__， they certainly started complaining.
The reply of the __5__ was, “Suck it up (忍气吞声)”. The truth is that the complaining campers were __6__ near the point of __7__. If they had been, the teachers would have noticed the __8__ and given them care. The kids __9__ weren't used to the physical challenge. Once they realized they weren't getting any sympathy, they __10__ the discomfort, and in most cases __11__ having a great time.
There are two ways to deal with an __12__ situation. If you complain, you might feel like you're getting that __13__ energy out, but you're probably not going to cause a positive change. Instead, if you determine to master your own __14__， to move past it and focus on a __15__， it's my experience that you'Il realize it wasn't bad in the first place.,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1．A.experience B．behaviour
C．occasion D．situation
2．A.seen B．reached
C．climbed D．described
3．A.especially B．normally
C．obviously D．naturally
4．A.ashamed B．tired
C．puzzled D．shocked
5．A.parents B．teachers
C．guides D．partners
6．A.somewhere B．anywhere
C．nowhere D．everywhere
7．A.camp B．exhaustion
C．mountain D．destination
8．A.signs B．activities
C．gestures D．scenes
9．A.hardly B．usually
C．always D．simply
10．A.shared B．understood
C．suffered D．overcame
11．A.couldn't help B．ended up
C．insisted on D．gave up
12．A.unbelievable B．unexpected
C．unusual D．unpleasant
13．A.great B．spare
C．negative D．potential
14．A.life B．mind
C．suffering D．mistake
15．A.trip B．plan
C．solution D．dream
Ⅳ.语法填空
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 1.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 2.________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 3.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 4.________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 5.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 6.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 7.________ every day.
Later, engineers 8.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道), which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 9.________ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 10.________ (success) of these new lines. and was opened in 1900. It had white painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
Ⅴ.写作
第一节　应用文写作
2019年4月29日上午10点到11点，你们全校师生积极参与了阳光体育活动。
教育部倡导学生：
◆每天锻炼一小时
◆健康工作五十年
◆幸福生活一辈子
请你根据以上提示，用英语写一篇报道，向同学们讲述一下阳光体育活动的有关情况，并就高中学生是否需要每天花一小时锻炼，谈谈你的看法及理由。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：阳光体育活动a student sports program; 教育部the Ministry of Education
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第二节　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
In 1989, fresh out of high school, I had the difficult task of choosing a career path before college started in three months. In those days in Pakistan, there were limited choices: becoming a doctor or an engineer, or entering the financial world after getting a business degree. I wasn't interested in engineering, so I was left with medicine or business. I couldn't decide.
My uncle suggested that I do a work placement (实习) to experience it for a month in an international company followed by a month in a hospital. After that, I could make a decision. It seemed like a good idea.
I was accepted for a month's placement at a foreign bank in Karachi. I got a feel for how the world of finance functioned, made new friends, and generally enjoyed the mostly easy going work surroundings.
The month passed rapidly, and soon I began working at a leading hospital in Karachi. The experience couldn't have been more different. The hospital had a stressful environment. The days started early (at 7 am, compared to 9 am at the bank), and were filled with endless duties. And the night calls! This was crazy, working all day, through the night, and again the next day.
I began thinking about my two experiences. The bank had offered a more relaxing atmosphere, better working hours and less stress. The hospital was full of excitement, but the studying and training was difficult. It seemed that the business choice was going to win out.
Near the end of my month at the hospital, I was driving home after an especially busy night call. In front of me was a public bus, with college students sitting on the top. As the driver weaved through (穿梭) traffic, I could see the boys shaking from side to side.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus.______________________________________
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The next day, when I went to the hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces.___________________________________________________________
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参考答案
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．theory　2.random　3.comfort　4.responded　5.phrase　6.impression　7.released　8.conflicts　9.envy　10.interrupt
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．apologized　2.adopted　3.impression　4.laughing
5．telling　6.encouragement　7.frequently　8.to　9.legally
10．frozen
Ⅲ.单句写作
1．The decision about the epidemic made by the experts is based on the data and experience.
2．Even though he knew that the road had been destroyed by floods, he still wanted to make an attempt to go to school.
3．Knowing that the foreign teacher Mike would go back to America, all of our classmates went to the airport to send him off.
4．Hearing the outbreak of epidemic, many doctors and nurses applied to be volunteers to go to Wuhan.
5．The traffic accident led to a chain of events.
6．I didn't know whom she was referring to when she said that.
7．He picked up his hat and went away.
8．Forty years ago, workers were highly respected by people.
9．A meeting was being held there when I arrived at the conference room.
10．When he got home, he found his watch had been stolen.
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了美国四枚奥运金牌得主Jesse Owens在1936年柏林奥运会后的生活情况。
1．C'推理判断题。根据第一段的“an Olympic champion to run against a horse”以及“But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat.”可知，他选择另一种方式来谋生。
2．D'细节理解题。根据第二段的“Shortly after his athletic career ended, the commercial offers dried up”可知选D项。
3．A'细节理解题。根据最后一段的“He began to give speeches...stress the importance of behaving in a fair and respectful way towards the opposing team or player.”可知，他特别强调举止得体的重要性。
4．C'主旨大意题。综合全文可知，本文介绍了美国四枚奥运金牌得主Jesse Owens在1936年柏林奥运会后的生活情况，故C项符合题意。
B
【语篇解读】　本文讲语言学习从听开始，听得越多，讲得越好。婴儿起初的声音不算语言，而是一种情感的表达。但从何时开始算语言并不重要，因为这个转变是个渐变过程。孩子即使开始讲话，他们始终还是喜欢模仿。
5．B'细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking”可知，孩子在开始说话之前需要不同数量的倾听。故选B。
6．D'细节理解题。由第一段第二句中的“and later starters are often long listeners”可知，开始讲话越晚，学倾听的时间就越长。故选D。
7．A'细节理解题。根据第二段中的“during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on”可知，婴儿一开始发出的声音是对自己情感的表达。故选A。
8．D'细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself.”可知，孩子哪怕学会了自己说话也喜欢模仿。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　作者提出了一些更好地增进邻里关系的建议。
1．F'本空属于总结性的句子，通过下面每一段的小标题可知，这些都是更好地增进邻里关系的一些方法、建议，F项中these suggestions也是提示词。故选F。
2．D'根据前一句的描述：以前已经存在的在线群的目的主要是买卖和交换东西之类的，可知D项“所以为什么不建立一个只是为了更好地了解你的邻居的群呢？”符合语境，故选D。
3．B'本段的小标题是“Get volunteering.”参与志愿活动。选项中只有B项有volunteer这个关键词，而且B项说的有许多方法和下一句的慈善活动正好是方式之一相匹配。故选B。
4．E'本段的小标题是“Practice everyday kindness.”每天都付出善行，然后接下来就通过举例的方式说明了可以怎样去帮助邻居，E项正好也是帮助邻居的一个例子，且句中有also，与上句相承接。故选E。
5．C'本段的小标题是“Start an exercise group.”建立锻炼群，本段的主题是带动邻居们一起锻炼以增进邻里关系，只有选项C的表述符合本段的主题。故选C。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　“我”小时候参加了一个夏令营，期间和其他人一起参加夜晚登山露营活动。登山过程中，有人会抱怨走不动了；但是后来“我”发现，如果我们停止抱怨，坚持下去，我们的道路并没有那么难走。
1．A'根据该句中的“an overnight trip of mountain climbing”可知，此处表示这是最难以忘怀的一次经历。
2．C'根据上文中的“mountain climbing”可知，此处表示“爬山”。
3．A'根据语境可知，爬山是一种身体上的挑战，尤其(especially)是当你背着食物和露营装备的时候。
4．B'根据语境并结合常识可知，当露营者累了的时候，他们开始抱怨。A项“羞愧的”；B项“累的”；C项“困惑的”；D项“震惊的”。
5．B'根据下文中的“the teachers would have noticed...care”可知，此处表示“老师们的回答”。
6．C'根据语境并结合常识可知，事实是，抱怨的露营者远没有筋疲力尽(exhaustion)。nowhere near意为“远没有”。故选C。
7．B'参见上题解析。
8．A'根据语境可知，如果有人筋疲力尽的话，老师们会注意到这种迹象，并且给予他们照顾。A项“迹象”；B项“活动”；C项“姿态”；D项“场面”。
9．D'根据语境可知，他们仅仅是不习惯体能方面的挑战。
10．D'根据语境可知，抱怨的人一旦意识到他们得不到同情，他们会克服不适，并且大多数情况下，最终玩得很开心。
11．B'参见上题解析。A项“忍不住做某事”；B项“以……结束”；C项“坚持”；D项“放弃”。
12．D'根据上文可知，有两种方式来应对“不愉快的”境况。A项“难以置信的”；B项“出乎意料的”；C项“不寻常的”；D项“令人不快的”。
13．C'根据语境可推知，如果你抱怨了，你也许会感到你正在将那些负面的能量释放出来，但是你很可能不会产生正面的改变。故选C。
14．C'根据语境可知，相反，据“我”的经验看，如果你决心去掌控你的痛苦，越过它并集中注意力于解决方法(solution)，那么一开始你就会意识到它并不是那么糟糕。故选C。
15．C'参见上题解析。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文。介绍了伦敦地铁的发展历史。
1．crowds'crowd前面没有冠词，且是可数名词，故填crowds。
2．from'短语搭配to and from意为：来回。
3．laying'and前后为三个并列成分，根据“digging”“building”可知用laying。
4．the'top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the。
5．were used'根据句意“蒸汽发动机‘被用于’拉货物”，且语境为过去时，故填were used。
6．fairly'fair是形容词，需要将fair变为副词来修饰形容词unpleasant，故填fairly。
7．it'指代前句的railway。
8．managed'本文全篇都是一般过去时，所以这里也应用一般过去时，故填managed。
9．introduction'空格前是the，后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。
10．successful'空格前是most，其后要跟形容词构成最高级，故填successful。
Ⅴ.写作
第一节
参考范文：
On the morning of April 29,2019, from 10：00 am to 11：00 am, all the students in our school took an active part in a sports program.
The Ministry of Education demands that students should exercise for an hour every day so as to have good health and work fifty years and enjoy the whole life.
In my opinion, it is a good idea for us senior high students to take exercise every day. Although we take an hour a day on exercise, it is well worth it. Not only does taking exercise build up our body but it also helps us concentrate on our study. Therefore, we can work more efficiently in the process of study and acquire more knowledge.
第二节
参考范文：
Suddenly, a boy fell off the back of the bus. He hit the road face down and rolled over. He lay still in the middle of the road as the bus sped away. None of the cars behind stopped. Thinking that he could die, I stopped my car and carefully examined the boy. With the help of some passers by, I lifted the unconscious boy into the car and raced back to the hospital. After his family were contacted, and he was wheeled into the emergency surgery, I drove home, exhausted but happy.
The next day, when I went to the hospital to see the boy, all his family got up, with grateful smiles on their faces. What a feeling it was to help save the life of another person! I spent the rest of the day in a state of the most fabulous mood I had ever experienced. Driving home that evening, I decided on my career path. Two months of placements could not do what 30 minutes' helping an accident victim had done for me. This experience taught me that at times, the decisions are made for you—and that whatever happens is always for the best.