北师大版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 11 Conflict And Compromise Topic Talk同步练习（含答案）

Unit 11　Conflict and Compromise
Topic Talk
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The government refused to ________ (谈判) with terrorists.
2．Tom was ________ (羞愧的) of having lied to his parents.
3．It took all his ________ (自控力) not to shout at them.
4．Both sides met in order to try to ________ (解决) their differences.
5．I called the station to ________ (询问) about train times.
6．The two large classrooms have been ________ (分配) to us.
7．We apologize for any ________ (不便) caused during the repairs.
8．Many forms of cancer can be cured if ________ (发现) early.
9．Scientists may be able to ________ (监视) the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.
10．Her cold voice really ________ (使恼怒) me.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．We received over 300 ________ (inquire) about the job.
2．I have completed every ________ (assign) you gave me.
3．He has ________ (mature) beyond his years.
4．Will it be ________ (inconvenience) for him to attend that meeting
5．Her most ________ (annoy) habit was eating with her mouth open.
6．They agreed to try to settle their dispute by ________ (negotiate)．
7．She made a ________ (resolve) to visit her relatives more often.
8．He was ashamed of his ________ (shame) behavior.
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．You must ____________ during the exam.
2．We've decided to ____________ the employers about our wage claims.
3．They are trying to ____________ 5G terminals will have been installed by 2022 for the Beijing winter Olympics.
4．You'd better ____________ first to make an appointment.
5．If you get into trouble, don't hesitate to ________ me ________.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．先生，请把您的账号给我，我会尽快询问并确保问题得到解决。
Please give your account number, sir, and I'll inquire and make sure ________________________________.
2．我很理解你的感受，先生。我为浪费你的时间而道歉。
I quite understand how you feel, sir. I apologise for ________________.
3．很久以来，嘲笑自己缺点、弱点和失误的能力被认为是成熟的标志。
The ability to laugh at your own flaws, weaknesses and blunders has long been recognized as ________________________.
4．聚众闹事者被强行带走。
The rioters were taken away ________________.
5．我们和客户协商起草了一份合同。
A contract is prepared ________________ our clients.
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats, a year for dogs), it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.
However, it wasn't all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.
In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behaviour. They are learning how to talk each other's language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk “dog”， and dogs can learn how to talk “cat”．
What's interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other's body signals, suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other's presence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.
The significance of this research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets—to people who don't get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along, surely people have a good chance.
1．Some cats and dogs may fight when ________.
A．they are cold to each other
B．they look away from each other
C．they misunderstand each other's signals
D．they are introduced at an early age
2．What is found surprising about cats and dogs
A．They eat and sleep together.
B．They observe each other's behaviours.
C．They learn to speak each other's language.
D．They know something from each other's voices.
3．It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs ________.
A．have common interests
B．are less different than we thought
C．have a common body language
D．are less intelligent than we expected
4．What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs
A．We should learn to live in harmony.
B．We should know more about animals.
C．We should live in peace with animals.
D．We should learn more body language.
B
The morning after an evening struggle to care for my three year old daughter, I couldn't wait to get her to school. I, as a mother, was tired of the anger and her inability to communicate because of her abnormal language development.
As I accompanied her into the car, I was in deep despair. Nothing was right with our world. She'd been born around the same time when the nation was witnessing the birth of another Great Recession. My job and my house had been victims. Then this happened. Since my child's language delay was identified, I had been pessimistic but doctors struggled to properly help her. I felt as if we both needed to be rescued.
I returned that afternoon as disenchanted with the little girl I loved as when I left. Walking slowly toward the school's playground gate, I found her preschool teacher racing to greet me.
“Madame, you should have seen her today！” His breathy words were supported by excitement. I didn't interrupt. “See that climber.” He pointed to a wooden piece of playground equipment that looked like a rock wall. I nodded. “Well, every day since she started school, she's tried and failed to make it to the top.” He took a breath. “And today she did it！”
He expressed his joy just as he'd seen her conquering Mount Everest! “She cheered and celebrated! I wish I'd recorded it！” His words comforted me. My daughter had conquered her mountain.
As she ran toward me, I recognized something I hadn't before. I saw her perseverance (毅力). I saw her strength. I saw a hero.
Everyday greatness celebrates ordinary people who do unusual things in big and small ways, showing courage, kindness, love and selflessness. We encourage you to click these brief accounts and invite you to share your own story.
5．Why did the author rush her daughter to school
A．She was busy with her work as a doctor.
B．She had a fight with her daughter last night.
C．She broke down when dealing with her daughter.
D．She had to sell their house due to the Great Recession.
6．Which of the following best explains “disenchanted” underlined in Paragraph 3
A．Happy. B．Concerned.
C．Careful. D．Disappointed.
7．Why did the little girl's preschool teacher feel excited
A．She succeeded in standing on Mount Everest.
B．She managed to climb up the wooden equipment.
C．She got the first place in the school sports meet.
D．She began to communicate with others normally.
8．From which is the text most probably taken
A．The radio. B．A magazine.
C．A newspaper. D．The Internet.
C
Poetry is one of mankind's oldest art forms. Since first analyzed by Aristotle, poetry has been part of every major art movement, and some say it captures emotion better than any other forms. Reading poetry is necessary to gain a full understanding of the world and has many additional benefits.
The immediate benefits of reading poetry are improvements to vocabulary. Poetry makes the reader familiar with new terms and encourages verbal analysis. This presents reading as a creative act in its own right. The common practice of memorizing poems also improves long term brain health. Studies have shown that people who memorize and recall poems are less susceptible (受影响的) to Alzheimer's.
Poetry also improves critical thinking by forcing a reader to think. In great poetry, meaning is not obvious or one dimensional (维度). Understanding poetry is an active practice, rather than the passive engagement encouraged with prose (散文). Readers of poetry are more likely than nonreaders to analyze information for viewpoints. This skill benefits students, but also anyone who wants to form their own opinions of news items or gain a better perspective upon documents like contracts. The critical thinking skills developed through reading poetry give greater control language itself. The most remarkable power of literature is its ability to unite readers and writers across time and cultural boundaries. As condensed (浓缩的) literature, poetry offers these benefits in a powerful way. Poetry triggers memories and emotions in its readers. This connection between universal emotions and personal experience encourages the development of empathy. A reader might have no practical conception of what life was like during the Elizabethan era in England. However, Shakespeare's Sonnets with their universal themes of love and longing, can bridge the gap of centuries and help us gain an insight into people's feelings in the 17th century.
9．Which of the following shows the benefit memorizing poetry brings to the brain
A．It improves people's long term memory.
B．It improves one's ability of analysing issues.
C．It makes one less likely to catch Alzheimer's.
D．It makes one act more creatively.
10．In what way does poetry improve critical thinking
A．Readers have to analyze information to form viewpoints.
B．Readers must understand the obvious meaning of poetry.
C．Readers have to gain a better perspective upon documents.
D．Readers have to have a good control over language.
11．Why does the author mention Shakespeare's Sonnets
A．To show poetry motivates us learn different cultures.
B．To show poetry helps develop our empathy.
C．To show the universal themes of poetry.
D．To show Shakespeare's understanding of life.
12．What is the purpose of the text
A．To ask us to read poems.
B．To show how to appreciate poems.
C．To tell the importance of poetry in history.
D．To explain the benefits of reading poetry.
Ⅱ.七选五
Maybe you live in places where English is not the main language. When you speak, your speech might be slower than you would like. This is because your mind is still translating things from your first language into English, which can also sound unnatural. __1__ It is not very difficult, but it does take conscious effort and practice.
Think in single words
Charles Thomas has taught English to Union members, children and teenagers for over 10 years. He tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are.
__2__
Think in sentences
For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself things like, “It's such a beautiful day” and “People are playing sports with their friends.” __3__
Think in conversation
This is a great way to practice what you might say in a real conversation. For example, let's say the imaginary person asks you a question like, “What did you think of the talk show last night？” __4__ Imagine the conversation and practice it in your head. You can do this out loud or in silence.
__5__
“When you're doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that's the key. Because when you make things a habit, it just pops up into your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you're thinking in English，” Thomas says.
A．Practice it daily.
B．How would you answer
C．Speak English with a native speaker.
D．As the saying goes, practice makes perfect.
E．Start with nouns and then add in verbs, he suggests.
F．Once this becomes easy, move on to more difficult sentences.
G．The good news is that thinking in English will bring you closer to fluency!
Ⅲ.完形填空
One day, my father and I were watching a dance reality show. For some reason, I disliked one of the dancers from the very beginning of the show.
Unknowingly, I kept finding his __1__ and criticising (批评) his dance moves. __2__， my father was watching the __3__ with a smile all the time. When the performance ended, he looked at me and asked softly, “How much do you__4__about the dance competition, Martha？” “No, Dad, not at all，” I said. “Then how do you know that he is a __5__ dancer？” He asked still with a smile. “Just __6__ the other dancers! He is not as good as them，” I said. “But he is among the final 10 competitors who were carefully __7__. How can he be bad Maybe his dance is of no __8__ to you, but that doesn't mean you can __9__ or even criticise his creativity.” “Why not？” I asked carelessly. “Because criticising someone or something __10__ nothing but negativity around you.” “Instead of criticising someone or something you don't like, you should spend your time __11__ someone or something you like, which will spread __12__ thoughts，” my father added.
So choose __13__！ Never criticise anyone or anything unless you have a good __14__ of it. This is the most__15__advice my father has ever given me.
1.A.secrets B．tricks
C．mistakes D．strengths
2．A.Besides B．However
C．Finally D．Immediately
3．A.movie B．action
C．performance D．sign
4．A.know B．debate
C．enquire D．complain
5．A.representative B．bad
C．common D．silly
6．A.call on B．spy on
C．glare at D．look at
7．A.treated B．raised
C．suspected D．selected
8．A.benefit B．use
C．interest D．importance
9．A.ignore B．limit
C．prevent D．forget
10．A.affects B．gets
C．contains D．solves
11．A.awarding B．appreciating
C．recording D．remembering
12．A.positive B．fresh
C．original D．unique
13．A.freely B．confidently
C．wisely D．independently
14．A.defence B．luck
C．deal D．knowledge
15．A.valuable B．ambitious
C．elegant D．embarrassing
Ⅳ.语法填空
If you're a fan of great movies, you have 1.________(probable) heard about DreamWorks Pictures, or simply DreamWorks. This American movie company has made some of 2.________ greatest live action and animated films in recent history. DreamWorks 3.________ (start)in 1994 by three of the top movie producers in Hollywood：Steven Spielberg, David Geffen, and Jeffrey Katzenberg.
They wanted DreamWorks to be different from other studios, so they made three special rules. First, they agreed to make4.________ (few) than nine movies each year. By producing fewer movies, they could make sure that each one was excellent. Second, they said that each person was free to do other 5.________ (create) projects. The final rule was that they would stop6.________ (work) before dinner, so they could spend time with7.________ (they) families.
When the time came to pick a logo for their new company, Spielberg wanted a logo 8.________made people think of Hollywood studios from the past. In the end, the producers chose a picture of a boy sitting on the moon, 9.________ (hold)a fishing rod. This logo also reminds people about their childhood. The company changed hands many times, eventually focusing 10.________ animation and changing its name to DreamWorks Animation in 2004.
参考答案
【基础知识过关】
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．negotiate　2.ashamed　3.self control　4.resolve
5．inquire　6.assigned　7.inconvenience　8.detected
9．monitor　10.annoyed
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．inquiries　2.assignment　3.maturity　4.inconvenient
5．annoying　6.negotiation　7.resolution　8.shameful
Ⅲ.短语填空
1．keep silent　2.negotiate with　3.make sure　4.make a phone call　5.ask; for help
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．the issue is resolved as soon as possible　2.wasting your time　3.a sign of maturity　4.by force　5.in negotiation with
【能力提升训练】
Ⅰ.阅读
A
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。猫和狗是宿敌，但科学研究表明猫和狗在一定的情况下是能够和平相处的。
1．C'细节理解题。根据第二段第二、三句“There was a reported coldness...their body signals were just opposite.”可知，因为猫和狗有些身体信号正好相反，所以才打架或对彼此冷漠。
2．C'细节理解题。由第三段第二、三句“They are learning how to talk each other's language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘dog’， and dogs can learn how to talk ‘cat’．”可知答案。
3．B'推理判断题。第四段第二句中的“...have more in common than we previously suspected.”与B项“are less different than we thought”同义。故选B项。
4．A'推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者由动物之间的和平相处引发对人类社会的思考。作者认为人类也应学会和谐相处。故A项正确。
B
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的女儿有语言障碍，尽管应对女儿使作者精疲力竭．但是女儿的坚韧终于让她成为作者心中的英雄。
5．C'细节理解题。根据第一段及第二段最后一句“I felt as if we both needed to be rescued.”可知，作者迫不及待地把女儿送到学校，因为女儿有语言障碍，所以应对女儿使作者感到崩溃。故C选项正确。
6．D'词义猜测题。根据第二段中“As I accompanied her into the car, I was in deep despair.”和第三段的第一句可知，作者送孩子上学的感受和接孩子时的感受应该是一样的。由此可推断，画线词与disappointed意思最为接近。故D选项正确。
7．B'细节理解题。根据第四段可知，作者的女儿从开学第一天起就一直在努力攀登这个木制的设备，但是一直没有成功，那天她终于成功了，所以老师很激动。故B选项正确。
8．D'推理判断题。根据最后一段，尤其是“We encourage you to click these brief accounts”可推断，本文最有可能来自网络。故D选项正确。
C
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了诗歌所拥有的魅力，并充当着各个时间、地域和文化之间桥梁的作用。
9．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Studies have shown that people who memorize and recall poems are less susceptible (受影响的) to Alzheimer's.”可知，研究表明，记忆和回忆诗歌的人不太容易患老年痴呆症，故选C。
10．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Poetry also improves critical thinking by forcing a reader to think.”和第四句“Readers of poetry are more likely than nonreaders to analyze information for viewpoints.”可知，诗歌的读者比非读者更倾向于分析信息以获取观点，所以诗歌的读者可以分析信息形成观点来提高批判性思维，故选A。
11．B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“However, Shakespeare's Sonnets with their universal themes of love and longing, can bridge the gap of centuries and help us gain an insight into people's feelings in the 17th century.”可知，莎士比亚的十四行诗以爱和渴望为主题，跨越了几个世纪的鸿沟，帮助我们了解17世纪人们的感受。所以作者提到莎士比亚的目的是让读者感同身受，产生共鸣，故选B。
12．D　推理判断题。根据第一段中“Reading poetry is necessary to gain a full understanding of the world and has many additional benefits.”可知，阅读诗歌对全面了解世界是必要的，而且有许多额外的好处，这是全文的主题句。再结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍阅读诗歌给读者带来的益处，并且指出诗歌对文化的传播和继承起到了重要的作用。由此可知，本文的主要目的是解释阅读诗歌的好处，故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
【语篇解读】　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些方法来帮助我们用英语思考问题，锻炼我们大脑的英语思维能力。
1．G　下文“It is not very difficult, but it does take conscious effort and practice. (这不是很难，但需要有意识的努力和锻炼)”与G.“The good news is that thinking in English will bring you closer to fluency! (好消息是用英语思维会让你变得流利)”承接自然，下文的it就是选项中的thinking in English。故选G项。
2．E　“Start with nouns and then add in verbs, he suggests.(他建议以名词开始，然后加入动词)”符合本段小标题“Think in single words (用单个词来思考)”的话题，选项中的nouns和verbs是标题中所指的single words。故选E项。
3．F　“Once this becomes easy, move on to more difficult sentences. (一旦这个变得容易了，就继续学习更难的句子)”符合本段小标题“Think in sentences (用句子思考)”的话题，sentences是关键词。故选F项。
4．B　前文“For example, let's say the imaginary person asks you a question like, ‘What did you think of the talk show last night？’(举个例，我们来想象一下有人问了你一个‘你觉得昨晚的脱口秀怎么样？’的问题)”与B.“How would you answer (你该怎么回答？)”承接自然，上文提出了问题，选项谈到“如何回答问题”，符合逻辑和语境，故选B项。
5．A　根据下文“‘When you're doing it every day, over and over again, little by little, that's the key. Because when you make things a habit, it just pops up into your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you're thinking in English，’ Thomas says. (托马斯说：‘当你每天都这么做，一遍又一遍，一点一点地做，这是关键。当你让事情成为了习惯，它就会不假思索地跳入你的脑海，然后在你意识到之前，你已经在用英语思考了。’)”可知，本段主要讲述每天练习，让它成为习惯，就会自然而然用英语思考，所以A. “Practice it daily. (每天都练习)”可以作为本段小标题。故选A项。
Ⅲ.完形填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。作者和父亲在观看舞蹈真人秀时，因为从一开始就不喜欢一位舞者，作者就一直批评他的舞蹈。父亲通过转变作者的态度告诉作者一个道理：批评只会给你带来消极影响，而欣赏可以传播积极的思想。
1．C'根据空后的“and criticising his dance moves”中的criticising可知，作者一直在找这个舞者的错误，并批评他的舞蹈动作。故选C项。
2．B'根据上文提到的“criticising his dance moves(作者批评那位舞者的舞蹈动作)”与下文的“with a smile all the time(父亲一直面带微笑观看)”可知，上下文之间为转折关系，However符合语境。故选B项。
3．C'根据下文的“When the performance ended”可知，作者和父亲是在观看表演。故选C项。
4．A'根据下文父亲的问话“Then how do you know that he is a ________dancer？”可知，父亲是问作者对舞蹈比赛了解多少。“How much do you ________ about”与“how do you know that”并列，相呼应。故选A项。
5．B'根据下文作者回答父亲的话“He is not as good as them”以及父亲的话“How can he be bad？”可知，作者觉得那位舞者很差。故选B项。
6．D'根据语境可知，作者让父亲看其他的舞蹈演员，这样可以有所比较。故选D项。
7．D'根据空前的“the final 10 competitors”可知，这位舞者也是被精心挑选出来的最终十位选手之一。故选D项。
8．C'根据上文的“I disliked one of the dancers from the very beginning of the show.”可知，作者从一开始就不喜欢其中一个舞者，对他的舞蹈不感兴趣。故选C项。
9．A'根据语境可知，父亲认为即使作者对他的舞蹈不感兴趣，也不应该忽视甚至批评那位舞者的创造力。故选A项。
10．B'get nothing意为“一无所获”。父亲认为，一味指责批评只会让作者一无所获并给作者带来消极的影响。故选B项。
11．B'根据上文的“Instead of criticising someone or something you don't like”可知，父亲是让作者不要批评不喜欢的人或东西，而要把时间花在欣赏喜欢的人或东西上。“appreciating someone or something you like”与“criticising someone or something you don't like”相对应。故选B项。
12．A'根据上文的“criticising someone or something ________ nothing but negativity around you”可知，父亲认为批评只会给作者带来消极影响，而欣赏会带来积极的思想。positive thoughts与negativity相对应。故选A项。
13．C'根据下文的“Never criticise anyone or anything unless you have a good ________ of it.”可知，作者意识到不了解就不要批评任何人或任何事，要明智地选择。故选C项。
14．D'句意为：永远不要批评任何人或任何事，除非你很了解它。“have a good knowledge of”意为“对……有很好的了解，通晓”。故选D项。
15．A'根据前一句“Never criticise anyone or anything unless you have a good ________ of it.”可知，作者体会到这是父亲给她的最宝贵的建议。故选A项。
Ⅳ.语法填空
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了梦工厂影业的创立与发展过程。
1．probably　考查副词。句意：如果你是优秀电影的粉丝，你可能听说过梦工厂电影，或者简称梦工厂。分析句子可知，设空处作状语修饰“heard about”，应用副词，故填probably。
2．the　考查冠词。句意：这家美国电影公司制作了近年来一些最伟大的真人电影和动画电影。分析句子可知，设空处后为形容词最高级，需用定冠词，故填the。
3．was started　考查时态和语态。句意：梦工厂成立于1994年，创始人是好莱坞的三位顶尖电影制作人：史蒂芬·斯皮尔伯格、大卫·格芬和杰弗里·卡森伯格。由“in 1994”可知，此处需用一般过去时，又因主语“DreamWorks”与start之间是被动关系，故填was started。
4．fewer　考查形容词比较级。句意：第一，他们同意每年制作少于九部电影。由than可知，此处需用比较级，故填fewer。
5．creative　考查形容词。句意：其次，他们说每个人都可以自由地做其他创造性的项目。分析句子可知，设空处作定语修饰名词projects，意为“创造性的”，故填creative。
6．working　考查动名词。句意：最后一条规则是他们在晚餐前停止工作，这样他们就可以和家人在一起了。动词stop后可以接动名词也可以接不定式，stop doing sth.意为“停止做某事”，stop to do sth.意为“停下，去做另一件事”，根据句意，故填working。
7．their　考查代词。句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处作定语修饰families，应用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
8．that/which　考查定语从句。句意：当为他们的新公司挑选标志的时候，斯皮尔伯格想要一个能让人们想起过去好莱坞工作室的标志。分析句子可知，“8.________made people think of Hollywood studios from the past.”为限制性定语从句修饰先行词logo，设空处为引导词且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。
9．holding　考查现在分词。句意：最后，制片人选择了一张男孩坐在月球上，拿着钓竿的照片。由句意可知，设空处作伴随状语，且boy与hold之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填holding。
10．on/upon　考查固定短语和介词。句意：这家公司几经易手，最终专注于动画制作，并于2004年更名为梦工厂动画。短语focus on/upon...意为“集中精力于……上”，根据句意，故填on/upon。