中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
主谓一致导学案
易错点一：语法一致原则
The father, rather than the brothers ____ responsible for the accident.
A. are B. is C.been D.have been
【解析】答案 B 句意:对事故负责的是父亲，而不是兄弟们。本题考查主谓一致和时态。在本句中,主语为the father,谓语动词应用单数形式。由语境可知,本句为一般现在时,故选B。
He is one of the students who _____ always on time.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
【解析】 定语从句中谓语动词要与先行词的数一致，该定语从句的先行词为students,为复数，故选B。
主 语 谓 语 例 句
单数名词或代词 单数 Your dog is really cute.
不可数名词 单数 Water is essential for us.
复数名词或代词 复数 Many students are waiting outside the classroom.
either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词，以及由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词 单数 Each student has a gift from our teacher.Something is wrong with my computer.
one of＋名词复数，表示“……之一” 单数 One of Thailand's symbols is the elephant.
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 Playing sports is good for us.What she said is important for me.
主语后面跟with，together with，along with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等词 取决于主语的数 Everyone except Jim and Tom has arrived at the park.Tom with his father is going to travel abroad next week.
由a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of＋名词构成的短语 取决于短语后面名词的数 Lots of sheep are eating grass on the grassland.The rest of money I have has been used up.
由“分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语 取决于短语后面名词的数 Two thirds of the students in our class are girls.50% of my free time has been spent on reading.
定语从句关系代词that，who，which 与先行词的数一致 The girl who is standing over there is my sister.The photos that are taken just now are beautiful.
由连接词and或both…and连接的并列主语 两个词指不同的人或物 复数 The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
两个词指同一个人或物 单数 The writer and actor has come.
a number of＋复数名词 复数 A number of soldiers are fighting for their country.
the number of 单数 The number of population in this town is larger than that in your town.
倒装句 谓语的数与其后的主语一致 There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.
易错点二：意义一致原则
Three years really____ short time.
A.was B. are C. is D. am
【解析】句意：三年是很短的一段时间。 “ Three years ”表示时间，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，根据句意可知句子为一般现在时，故选A。
(2020·绥化)My family for dinner now.We're busy.
A．is preparing B．are preparing C．prepares
【解析】 句意：我的家人正在准备晚餐，我们很忙。集体名词family作主语时，强调整体时谓语动词用单词，侧重成员则用复数。结合句意，“family”指家人，侧重家庭成员，故选B。
主 语 谓 语 例 句
表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或短语 单数 Three years is a long time.
the＋形容词 表示一类人 复数 The poor are very happy，but the rich are sad.
表示抽象概念 单数 The beautiful lives forever.
集体名词(如：family，class，team，group，public，company)强调整体用单数，侧重成员用复数 单数/复数 My family is going to start our vacation in Europe next month.(强调整体用单数)The whole family are eating breakfast now.(侧重成员用复数)
有些集合名词形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(如：people，police，cattle) 复数 The police are looking for the lost girl in the forest.
“the＋姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths are willing to attend the party.
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等作主语 复数 The shoes I bought yesterday fit me well.
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等主语前有pair/glass/cup/kind/box/bag/…等量词接of结构修饰时，谓语动词的数由量词的数决定 单数/复数 A pair of glasses is on the desk and could you bring it to me？There are three cups of tea on the table.
and并列连接的主语表示同一个人或物(and后无冠词) 单数 A famous writer and teacher came to our school.
politics，physics，maths，the United States，news等词形式上为复数，意义上为单数 单数 The news is very exciting.
“many a ＋ 单数名词”作主语 单数 Many a girl wears skirts in summer.
易错点三：就近原则
(2020齐齐哈尔)To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher going to the party this evening.
A.was B.are C.is
【解析】答案 C 句意:为避免聚集,学生和校长今晚都不会参加聚会。本题考查主谓一致的用法。这句话的主语是由neither...nor...连接,根据“就近一致”原则,设空处需与their head teacher保持一致。且根据时间标志词this evening 可知应该使用一般将来时,故选is。
Either the students or the teacher______him very well.
A.know B. knows C. to know D. knew
【解析】答案 B 句意:老师和学生都很了解他。本题考查主谓一致。either...or...连接两个并列的主语,根据“就近一致”原则可知,本空应与主语“the teacher”保持一致,故选B。
主 语 谓 语 例 句
由either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，not…but…或or连接两个并列主语 谓语动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
here be be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 Here is my advice and I hope it will help you.
there be be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 There are 30 students in our class.There is little time left for us.
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)(共23张PPT)
易错点归纳与突破
--主谓一致
2022中考英语
语法一致原则
The father, rather than the brothers ____ responsible for the accident.
A. are B. is C.been D.have been
【解析】答案 B 句意:对事故负责的是父亲，而不是兄弟们。本题考查主谓一致和时态。在本句中,主语为the father,谓语动词应用单数形式。由语境可知,本句为一般现在时,故选B。
易错点一：
He is one of the students who _____ always on time.
A. is B. are C. was D. be
【解析】 定语从句中谓语动词要与先行词的数一致，该定语从句的先行词为students,为复数，故选B。
主 语 谓 语 例 句
单数名词或代词 单数 Your dog is really cute.
不可数名词 单数 Water is essential for us.
复数名词或代词 复数 Many students are waiting outside the classroom.
主 语 谓语 例 句
either，neither，each，every或no＋单数名词，以及由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词 单数 Each student has a gift from our teacher.
Something is wrong with my computer.
one of＋名词复数，表示“……之一” 单数 One of Thailand's symbols is the elephant.
主 语 谓语 例 句
动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句 单数 Playing sports is good for us.
What she said is important for me.
主语后面跟with，together with，along with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等词 取决于主语的数 Everyone except Jim and Tom has arrived at the park.
Tom with his father is going to travel abroad next week.
主 语 谓语 例 句
由a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of＋名词构成的短语 取决于短语后面名词的数 Lots of sheep are eating grass on the grassland.
The rest of money I have has been used up.
由“分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语 取决于短语后面名词的数 Two thirds of the students in our class are girls.
50% of my free time has been spent on reading.
主 语 谓 语 例 句
定语从句关系代词that，who，which 与先行词的数一致 The girl who is standing over there is my sister.
The photos that are taken just now are beautiful.
主 语 谓 语 例 句
由连接词and或both…and连接的并列主语 两个词指不同的人或物 复数 The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
两个词指同一个人或物 单数 The writer and actor has come.
a number of＋复数名词 复数 A number of soldiers are fighting for their country.
主 语 谓 语 例 句
the number of 单数 The number of population in this town is larger than that in your town.
倒装句 谓语的数与其后的主语一致 There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
意义一致原则
Three years really____ short time.
A.was B. are C. is D. am
【解析】句意：三年是很短的一段时间。 “ Three years ”表示时间，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，根据句意可知句子为一般现在时，故选A。
易错点二：
(2020·绥化)My family for dinner now.We're busy.
A．is preparing B．are preparing C．prepares
【解析】 句意：我的家人正在准备晚餐，我们很忙。集体名词family作主语时，强调整体时谓语动词用单词，侧重成员则用复数。结合句意，“family”指家人，侧重家庭成员，故选B。
主 语 谓 语 例 句
表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词或短语 单数 Three years is a long time.
the＋形容词 表示一类人 复数 The poor are very happy，but the rich are sad.
表示抽象概念 单数 The beautiful lives forever.
主 语 谓语 例 句
集体名词(如：family，class，team，group，public，company)强调整体用单数，侧重成员用复数 单数/复数 My family is going to start our vacation in Europe next month.(强调整体用单数)
The whole family are eating breakfast now.(侧重成员用复数)
有些集合名词形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(如：people，police，cattle) 复数 The police are looking for the lost girl in the forest.
主 语 谓 语 例 句
“the＋姓氏名词复数”表示“……一家”或“……夫妇” 复数 The Smiths are willing to attend the party.
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等作主语 复数 The shoes I bought yesterday fit me well.
主 语 谓 语 例 句
trousers，glasses，clothes，shoes，scissors，shorts，jeans，chopsticks，gloves等主语前有pair/glass/cup /kind/box/bag/…等量词接of结构修饰时，谓语动词的数由量词的数决定 单数/复数 A pair of glasses is on the desk and could you bring it to me？
There are three cups of tea on the table.
主 语 谓 语 例 句
and并列连接的主语表示同一个人或物(and后无冠词) 单数 A famous writer and teacher came to our school.
politics，physics，maths，the United States，news等词形式上为复数，意义上为单数 单数 The news is very exciting.
“many a ＋ 单数名词”作主语 单数 Many a girl wears skirts in summer.
就近原则
(2020齐齐哈尔)To avoid gathering(聚集), neither the students nor their head teacher going to the party this evening.
A.was B.are C.is
【解析】答案 C 句意:为避免聚集,学生和校长今晚都不会参加聚会。本题考查主谓一致的用法。这句话的主语是由neither...nor...连接,根据“就近一致”原则,设空处需与their head teacher保持一致。且根据时间标志词this evening 可知应该使用一般将来时,故选is。
易错点三：
Either the students or the teacher______him very well.
A.know B. knows C. to know D. knew
【解析】答案 B 句意:老师和学生都很了解他。本题考查主谓一致。either...or...连接两个并列的主语,根据“就近一致”原则可知,本空应与主语“the teacher”保持一致,故选B。
主 语 谓 语 例 句
由either…or…，neither…nor…，not only…but also…，not…but…或or连接两个并列主语 谓语动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 Not only my parents but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.
主 语 谓 语 例 句
here be be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 Here is my advice and I hope it will help you.
there be be动词与最近的主语在数上保持一致 There are 30 students in our class.
There is little time left for us.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
主谓一致专项练习
Ⅰ.单项选择
1. The athlete, along with his coach and several relatives, _____ to the Olympic Games.
A. will be to travel B. are to travel C. is traveling D. are traveling
2. Robert is the only one of the staff members who ______ to be transferred.
A.is going B.are going C.have been going D.has been going
3. A lot of trees ______ every spring.
A. plant B. is planted C. was planted D. are planted
4. Not only you but also I ______ interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig.
A. is B. are C. was D. am
5.Peter with his classmates ______for the bus when the earthquake happened.
A. is waiting B. are waiting C. was waiting D. were waiting
6. Neither the students nor the teacher _____ anything about this.
A. know B. knows C. have known D. be known
7. --__________ Paul ______________ Bob are very kind. You can trust them.
--OK, thanks.
A. Neither, nor B. Both, and C. Either, or D. Not only, but also
8. Both Mike and I______ready for the new high school life.
A. is B. are C. was D. am
9. In our school library there _____ a number of books on science, and in these years the number of them _____ growing larger and larger.
A.are; is B. is; are C. have; are D. has; is
10. Everyone except Tom and John ____there when the meeting began.
A.are B. is C. were D. was
Ⅱ.根据句意用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空
1. There_____ (be) an orange and three apples on the desk.
2. There_____ (be) three apples and an orange on the desk.
3.My trousers ________ very dirty．
4. Either you or I _____able to study well. (be).
5. Not only she but also he _____English.(like)
6. Both of them_____to swim.(want)
7.--- What’s the noise --- Oh, the students _____ ( plan ) their autumn trip excitedly.
8.Not only the twins but also Tom often_____(mix) the sugar with the coffee together.
9. Three miles _____not far away from my school.(be)
答案
Ⅰ.1-5 CADDC 6-10 CBBAD
Ⅱ.1. is 2. are 3. are 4. am 5. likes 6. want 7. are planning 8. mixed 9. is
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
HYPERLINK "http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
" 21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
