考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
A
(2021·山东济宁一模)
During a decline in tourism, one national park in Thailand has seen a dramatic rise in “visitors” recently. So many are the hermit crabs(寄居蟹) flooding into the otherwise empty beaches of Koh Lanta that shells for them to live in have become in short supply.
The Thai government moved quickly to ease the housing shortage, launching a public appeal for empty shells that netted over 200 kg. On December 5 these were distributed around the park in a ceremony.
Hermit crabs rely on shells to protect their soft bodies, moving to larger shells as they grow. On Koh Lanta and the surrounding smaller islands, their rapid increase seems to be a natural phenomenon, rather than directly related to the absence of tourists. But the shortage of shells may be man-made: pretty ones have long been gathered to be sold as goods. Crabs begun to make do with potential death-traps such as plastic caps and bottles.
The shell drive is part of a government initiative to regain the balance of nature.“I have instructed all national parks to do whatever it takes,” says the minister for natural resources. His inspiration comes from the pause in tourism brought on by the epidemic. A ban on international visitors and the closure of national parks have helped nature recover, bringing endangered leatherback turtles back onto Thai beaches. In the coastal provinces of Phang Nga and Phuket, turtles have laid the largest number of eggs for 20 years.
The government has decided to try to copy the policy during the epidemic in future. From now on, all national parks will be required to close for a short period during the off-season and to limit the number of tourists through a reservation system when they are open. Although such restrictions mean reduced earnings from tourism in the short term, in the longer run more parks may help to keep the tourists coming.
1.What happened to the beaches of Koh Lanta recently
A.They got flooded by seawater.
B.They became completely empty.
C.They were packed with hermit crabs.
D.They saw a constant stream of tourists.
2.What contributed to the housing shortage for hermit crabs
A.Natural disasters.
B.Human activities.
C.Their preference for bottles.
D.The government’s involvement.
3.Why are turtles mentioned in paragraph 4
A.To warn turtles are dying out.
B.To prove beaches are their ideal habitats.
C.To stress the ecological diversity of Thailand.
D.To illustrate the birth of the minister’s inspiration.
4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.Developing Economy or Protecting Animals
B.Closing National Parks or Drawing More Visitors
C.Governments Are Responsible for the Balance of Nature
D.Authorities Help to Find Shelters for Homeless Hermit Crabs
B
(2021·山东烟台一模)
Many teachers believe frequent quizzes(小测验) help students better grasp classroom material. Crede, an associate professor of psychology, was skeptical that something as simple as a quiz could positively affect students’ academic performance. He decided to dig deeper and conduct an analytic study of existing research to see if there was any proof of the idea. What he discovered truly surprised him.
Crede analysed data from previously published studies that examined 52 classes with almost 8,000 students, to determine if frequent quizzes improved the students’ academic performance. Laboratory settings were kept out of the study because Crede wanted to observe whether similar studies from labs would apply to general classrooms.
Crede discovered that when students were quizzed over classroom material at least once a week, they tended to perform better on midterm and final exams compared to students who did not take quizzes. He also found that students who took frequent quizzes were less likely to fail the class, especially if they were struggling with the course content. Students who struggled the most in a class seemed to benefit the greatest from frequent quizzes. The other surprising thing was how much quizzes helped reduce failure rates in classes. The chances of passing a class went through the roof where instructors used this. In addition to quiz frequency, another factor that seemed to positively affect students’ performance was immediate feedback from instructors. Also, quizzes that required students to answer with written responses proved more beneficial to their understanding of classroom material compared to multiple-choice questions.
Asking teachers to grade written quizzes daily or weekly may discourage some from carrying them out in their classes. Instead, it is recommended that instructors give online quizzes that can be automatically graded by a course management system. Quiz attributes(属性) proved insignificant in the study, including whether the tests were pop quizzes or planned, or if they were online or on paper.
5.What did Crede do to ensure his study’s accuracy
A.He focused on what happened in classrooms.
B.He researched as many students as he could.
C.He made laboratory settings as real as possible.
D.He gave easy quizzes to make every student do well.
6.What did Crede discover in his study
A.Frequent quizzes could remove students’ failure in classes.
B.Instructors’ feedback was more important than frequent quizzes.
C.Frequent quizzes were especially useful to the struggling students.
D.Multiple-choice questions shouldn’t be included in frequent quizzes.
7.What may be a disadvantage of frequent quizzes for teachers
A.Accessing the Internet less frequently.
B.Having too many exam papers to mark.
C.Being unable to get appropriate test material.
D.Finding it hard to choose the right type.
8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.Quizzes Stimulate a Passion for Creation
B.Quizzes Improve Academic Performance
C.Quizzes Create a Heavy Burden
D.Quizzes Increase Boredom
C
(2021·安徽安庆高三二模)
Becoming a parent brings out the best in many animals. Although parenting is usually left to the females, the males from many species will also care for the offspring. Take anemone fish(海葵鱼) for example.
Despite their smaller size, the males help the females defend the nest, but only the males take care of it. They use their fins as fans to provide a constant flow of oxygen and keep the surroundings clean. They also put a lot of effort into the nest.
The eggs take about five days to hatch. During this important period, the males fan them to provide oxygen and remove the rubbish. They also pick up the eggs in their mouths and move them around to remove any bacteria. One of the biggest threats comes from female sticklebacks(刺鱼), who form organised groups and attack the nests to eat all the eggs.
The males defend the newborn fish and bring back the ones who move too far from the nest. Once the fish grow up, they become a little bit more independent and start to swim away. The dad swims after them, picks them up in his mouth, and spits them back into his nest. Eventually, he gets to the point where he can’t keep track of them and that’s when they separate.
Doting(宠爱的) fathers are not restricted to the world of fish. In some poison frog species, the dads also warn the mums when the young ones are hungry and need to be fed.
9.What does the underlined word “offspring” in paragraph 1 probably mean
A.Children. B.Relatives.
C.Friends. D.Colleagues.
10.What can we infer about the male anemone fish
A.They take full responsibility for building the nest.
B.They are much larger than the female anemone fish.
C.They are actually extremely excellent fathers.
D.They frequently make attacks on other animals.
11.What does it mean when the dad can’t track its young fish
A.The dad can’t tend to the young fish.
B.The young fish are already independent.
C.The living environment is worse.
D.The dad is in a state of aging.
12.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext
A.The Model Father in the Animal Kingdom
B.The New Role of the Male Anemone Fish
C.The Really Caring Caregivers in Life
D.A Strange Phenomenon in Nature
考点分类练(八) 主旨大意题——标题归纳类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了在泰国旅游业下滑期间, 寄居蟹数量暴涨, 政府向公众发出呼吁, 要求提供净重超过200公斤的空壳给寄居蟹居住。
1.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的 “SomanyarethehermitcrabsfloodingintotheotherwiseemptybeachesofKohLantathatshellsforthemtoliveinhavebecomeinshortsupply.” 可知,KohLanta海滩挤满了寄居蟹。故选C项。
2.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Buttheshortageofshellsmaybeman-made:prettyoneshavelongbeengatheredtobesoldasgoods.” 可知, 是人类活动导致了寄居蟹的住房短缺。故选B项。
3.D 解析:推理判断题。根据第四段的 “Hisinspirationcomesfromthepauseintourismbroughtonbytheepidemic.Abanoninternationalvisitorsandtheclosureofnationalparkshavehelpednaturerecover,bringingendangeredleatherbackturtlesbackontoThaibeaches.” 可知, 他的灵感正是来源于这次的海龟拯救行动, 所以提到海龟是为了说明其灵感的来源。故选D项。
4.D 解析:标题归纳题。第一段提到旅游业下滑期间, 许多寄居蟹涌入原本空旷的KohLanta海滩, 结果供它们居住的贝壳变得供不应求; 第二段提到为了解决贝壳短缺的问题, 泰国政府向公众发出呼吁, 要求提供净重超过200公斤的空壳; 第三段提到人类活动导致寄居蟹所需的贝壳短缺; 第四段提到政府贝壳行动的目的和灵感来源; 最后一段提到泰国政府已经决定在未来尝试复制疫情期间的政策, 使旅游业短暂休息以恢复生态。本文是一篇新闻报道, 所以D项 “当局帮助无家可归的寄居蟹寻找庇护所” 最适合做标题。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①closuren.停业; 关闭
重点语块
②floodinto... 涌入……
③inshortsupply 短缺; 紧缺
④theoff-season 淡季
⑤intheshortterm 短期内
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章提到一项研究发现, 经常进行小测验会对学生的成绩有积极的影响。
5.A 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “LaboratorysettingswerekeptoutofthestudybecauseCredewantedtoobservewhethersimilarstudiesfromlabswouldapplytogeneralclassrooms.” 可知, 为确保研究的准确性,Crede排除了实验室环境下的研究资料, 而关注学生在课堂上的表现。故选A项。
6.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Healsofoundthatstudentswhotookfrequentquizzeswerelesslikelytofailtheclass,especiallyiftheywerestrugglingwiththecoursecontent.Studentswhostruggledthemostinaclassseemedtobenefitthegreatestfromfrequentquizzes.” 可知, 频繁的小测验对那些学习有困难的学生尤其有用。故选C项。
7.B 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Askingteacherstogradewrittenquizzesdailyorweeklymaydiscouragesomefromcarryingthemoutintheirclasses.” 可知, 要求老师每天或每周给笔试打分而产生的工作量可能会阻碍一些老师在课堂上实施这些做法。故选B项。
8.B 解析:标题归纳题。根据第一段的 “Hedecidedtodigdeeperandconductananalyticstudyofexistingresearchtoseeiftherewasanyproofoftheidea.” 和第三段的 “Credediscoveredthatwhenstudentswerequizzedoverclassroommaterialatleastonceaweek,theytendedtoperformbetteronmidtermandfinalexamscomparedtostudentswhodidnottakequizzes.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了Crede经过研究证明, 经常进行小测验会对学生成绩有积极的影响, 因此B项是最佳标题。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】
重点语块
①associateprofessor 副教授
②academicperformance 学业表现
③failurerate 失败率
④quizfrequency 测试频率
⑤immediatefeedback 及时反馈
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了有的雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代。
9.A 解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句 “Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspecieswillalsocarefortheoffspring.” 可推测, 画线词意为 “后代, 孩子”。故选A项。
10.C 解析:推理判断题。第二段提到雄性海葵鱼帮忙保护巢穴, 给巢穴提供源源不断的氧气并保持周围环境的清洁; 第三段提到雄性海葵鱼在卵孵化期间保持卵的清洁, 保护它们不被吃掉; 第四段提到雄性海葵鱼保护刚出生的幼鱼, 并把那些离巢太远的幼鱼带回来。由以上信息可推知, 雄性海葵鱼实际上是非常优秀的父亲。故选C项。
11.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Oncethefishgrowup,theybecomealittlebitmoreindependentandstarttoswimaway.Thedadswimsafterthem,picksthemupinhismouth,andspitsthembackintohisnest.Eventually,hegetstothepointwherehecan’tkeeptrackofthemandthat’swhentheyseparate.” 可知, 这意味着幼鱼长大并独立了。故选B项。
12.A 解析:标题归纳题。根据全文内容, 尤其是第一段 “Becomingaparentbringsoutthebestinmanyanimals.Althoughparentingisusuallylefttothefemales,themalesfrommanyspeciesgoaboveandbeyondtocarefortheoffspring.Takeanemonefishforexample.” 可知, 文章以雄性海葵鱼为例, 讲述了雄性动物也会不遗余力地照顾后代, 因而A项 “动物王国里的模范父亲” 是最佳标题。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①(熟词生义)fanv.扇(风)
②restrictedadj.受限制的
重点语块
③putalotofeffortinto... 非常努力……
9考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
A
(2021·山东淄博高三三模)
For 30 years we have been told how temperatures have been rising rapidly to the unheard-of level. This is causing polar ice to melt, sea level to rise and has brought about a dangerous increase in extreme weather events. These intense changes would likely present challenges to our society and environment.
The causes of climate change are mainly anthropogenic(人类活动引起的) in nature. Since the industrial revolution, human activities have increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The increased amount of gases which absorb heat has led to more heat being kept in the atmosphere, causing global warming.
The certainty of global warming can be seen through some of the natural phenomena like the effect on crops and extreme weather conditions around the world. The recent assessment report says that the earth’s average temperature has risen by 0.74 degrees from 1906 to 2005, and that the average temperature will continue to rise. There have also been more violent downpours, and the ice at the world’s poles and on its mountains is melting. The rising sea level is flooding the low-lying countries in Asia and small islands in the Pacific. This may lead to the displacement of millions of people, loss of millions of land and consequently billions of dollars.
Troubled by the serious situation, world leaders came together for the 2015 United Nations (UN) Climate Change Conference in Paris. The climate talks led to 196 countries reaching a landmark agreement that committed nearly every country to lowering planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions to address global climate change. That was certainly an encouraging step for our earth and mankind!
As the world leaders continue to commit themselves to monitor our sick planet, we need to continue to take small steps to heal the world. We don’t have much choice. If only we could just pack our bags and migrate to Mars!
1.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout
A.The information of industrial revolution.
B.The greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.
C.The reasons of climate change.
D.The result of extreme weather events.
2.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.We have made great achievements.
B.Some measures are still required to take.
C.Mars is suitable for people’s living.
D.Some countries will receive urgent aid.
3.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text
(P:Paragraph)
B
(2021·陕西高三下学期模拟)
Eating chocolate at least once a week could put off a heart attack, according to a new research. Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow, explained scientists.
Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said,“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades. A total of 336,289 people reported their intake. Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent. This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.
Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love. Dr Krittanawong said,“Chocolate contains healthy nutrients such as flavonoids(类黄酮), polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.”
Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白), it helps to rid LDL (low-density lipoprotein) out of the body. When this collects, it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up. It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain, causing a heart attack or stroke. Dr Krittanawong said,“In the past, clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.”
Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart. Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate was more beneficial—or if there was an ideal portion size. He said,“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease. But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.”
While it’s not clear how much is perfect, Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating. He said,“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.”
4.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout
A.The result of the study.
B.The process of the study.
C.The participants of the study.
D.The intention of the study.
5.Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow
A.A heart attack.
B.A stroke.
C.High-density lipoprotein.
D.Low-density lipoprotein.
6.What does the recent study tell us
A.Chocolate is good for blood pressure.
B.Dark chocolate is beneficial for health.
C.Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart.
D.Chocolate contains special plant chemicals.
7.What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude towards chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease
A.Indifferent. B.Hopeful.
C.Negative. D.Uncertain.
C
(2021·辽宁高三3月联考)
Few people realise that it takes many volunteers for one young child to have a half-hour riding lesson. I volunteer at Valley Therapeutic Equestrian Association (VTEA), close to the Washington State border. It takes a few paid staff and an army of volunteers—approximately eighty—to take care of a dozen horses and help with eighty or more children during the week. There is a large barn to clean, and hay nets and water buckets to brush and fill. Specific feeds for each horse must be prepared twice daily... The list is endless.
To prepare a horse for a ride, someone has to bring it in from the outside, at times sinking into inches of black, sticky mud during the winter months. Usually, two volunteers groom(刷洗; 梳毛) the horse and put on the special saddle. Then they lead the horse to where the lesson takes place. There, one volunteer leads the horse, and usually two walk alongside for safety, one on each side. Then the horse must be returned to the barn, unsaddled, cleaned and fed.
Yet so many people willingly give their time—because the children need us. Ranging in age from two upwards, the children have varying degrees of mental disabilities. Some have severe physical disabilities. Riding strengthens their muscles and bones, enabling them to enjoy a more fruitful life.
Throughout my past life as an accountant, business author and speaker, I volunteered on many fields and in many organisations. However, a terrible motor-vehicle accident changed my life in a split second when my car was hit—as was my head—causing severe brain injury. It was hard to accept a new “me”, until I discovered that I needed to do something that I have a passion for. I love horses, and working with them and with the children has helped turn my life around. The journey back has been painful but worthwhile. Now, fourteen years later, I am a different person.
8.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2
A.Horses for riding lessons are cared for carefully.
B.Horse-riding lessons bring children many benefits.
C.Volunteers have much to do for a horse-riding lesson.
D.Disabled children are taught horse-riding in a different way.
9.What does the author think of her voluntary work in VTEA
A.Risky and thrilling.
B.Tiring but worthwhile.
C.Funny and enjoyable.
D.Demanding but fruitless.
10.What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph
A.The accident transformed her thoroughly.
B.Volunteering has brought her a win-win result.
C.She’s never recovered from the injury.
D.She wasn’t interested in voluntary work before.
11.What could be the best title for the passage
A.Helping Children in Need
B.Surviving the Brain Injury
C.Volunteering: A Journey Back
D.Horse-riding: A Hard Lesson
考点分类练(九) 主旨大意题——段落大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了全球气候变化的原因, 对人类社会和环境造成的影响, 以及各国应对全球气候变化所采取的措施和取得的成效。
1.C 解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Thecausesofclimatechangearemainlyanthropogenicinnature.” 可知, 本段主要讲述气候变化的原因。故选C项。
2.B 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Astheworldleaderscontinuetocommitthemselvestomonitoroursickplanet,weneedtocontinuetotakesmallstepstohealtheworld.” 可知, 还需要采取一些措施来治愈地球。故选B项。
3.D 解析:推理判断题。第一段总述全球气候变化很大, 对人类社会和环境造成很大影响; 第二段讲述气候变化的原因; 第三段用具体数据和事例讲述气候变化对人类社会造成的影响。由此可知, 第二段和第三段是对第一段内容从两个方面的阐述, 因而前三段行文结构是 “总—分—分”; 第四段主要讲述各国采取措施应对全球气候变化, 因而前三段和第四段之间是顺承递进的关系; 第五段讲述尽管已经取得一定的成效, 但是各国仍需继续努力。由此可知, 第五段是对第四段内容的进一步补充说明, 所以第四段和第五段是并列关系。综上所述,D项符合文章的整体结构。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①intenseadj.十分强烈的
②downpourn.倾盆大雨
③displacementn.(多指战争或自然灾害造成的)人们的离家
④addressv.设法解决; 处理
重点语块
⑤thelow-lyingcountries 地势低的国家
精彩句式
⑥IfonlywecouldjustpackourbagsandmigratetoMars!
要是我们可以收拾行李移民火星该多好啊!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明, 适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症, 促进血液流动, 有利于身体健康。
4.A 解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Ourstudysuggestschocolatehelpskeeptheheart’sbloodvesselshealthy.” 和 “Thosewhoatechocolatemorethanonceaweekreducedtheirriskofcoronaryarterydiseasebyeightpercent.Thiswascomparedtopeerswhoateitlessthanonceaweek.” 可知, 本段主要介绍了Krittanawong博士新的研究结果。故选A项。
5.D 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “KnownmedicallyasHDL(high-densitylipoprotein),ithelpstoridLDL(low-densitylipoprotein)outofthebody.Whenthiscollects,itcausesvesselsandarteriestobecomeblockedup.Itcanstopbloodflowtotheheartorbrain,causingaheartattackorstroke.” 可知, 当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候, 它会造成动脉血管堵塞, 从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通, 最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D项。
6.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第五段的 “...butrecentresearchhassuggestedmilkchocolatemayalsoprovidevaluablenutrientstotheheart.” 可知, 最近的研究表明, 牛奶巧克力也能为心脏提供营养物质, 即牛奶巧克力可能对心脏也有好处。故选C项。
7.B 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段的 “Chocolateappearspromisingforthepreventionofcoronaryarterydisease.” 可知,Krittanawong博士对 “巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用” 是 “充满希望的”。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①intaken.摄取量
②medicallyadv.医学上地
③collectv.聚集; 汇集
重点语块
④blockup 塞住; 封住
⑤moderateamountsof... 适量的……
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者经历严重车祸后造成了脑部损伤, 但她通过照顾马并帮助孩子们骑马这类的志愿者工作找回了自己。
8.C 解析:段落大意题。根据第二段的 “Toprepareahorseforaride,someonehastobringitinfromtheoutside,...twovolunteersgroomthehorseandputonthespecialsaddle.Thentheyleadthehorsetowhere...There,onevolunteerleadsthehorse,andusuallytwowalkalongsideforsafety...Thenthehorsemustbereturnedtothebarn,unsaddled,cleanedandfed.” 这些信息可知, 本段主要讲述为了骑马课程, 志愿者需要做很多工作。故选C项。
9.B 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Ittakesafewpaidstaffandanarmyofvolunteers...totakecareofadozenhorsesandhelpwitheightyormorechildren...Thereisalargebarntoclean,andhaynetsandwaterbucketstobrushandfill.Specificfeedsforeachhorsemustbepreparedtwicedaily...Thelistisendless.” 这些信息可知, 志愿者工作很辛苦、很累; 再根据第三段的 “Ridingstrengthenstheirmusclesandbones,enablingthemtoenjoyamorefruitfullife.” 和最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.” 可知, 她认为她的志愿者工作是值得的。故选B项。
10.B 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “...andworkingwiththemandwiththechildrenhashelpedturnmylifearound.” 可知, 志愿者工作不仅能帮助孩子们, 而且让作者在发生车祸后无论是心态还是生活上都有了积极的改变。由此推知, 志愿者工作带来了 “双赢” 的结果。故选B项。
11.C 解析:标题归纳题。根据最后一段的 “Thejourneybackhasbeenpainfulbutworthwhile.Now,fourteenyearslater,Iamadifferentperson.” 可知, 是志愿者工作让作者在车祸后接受了自己, 找回了自己, 志愿者工作对作者的意义重大。文章前面的段落也是围绕着作者的志愿者工作展开介绍的。因此,C项 “志愿者工作: 回归之旅” 符合文章主旨, 是最佳标题。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】
重点语块
①anarmyofvolunteers 一大批志愿者
②mentaldisabilities 心理障碍
③turn...around 扭转; 好转
10考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
A
(2021·山东烟台一模)
The paper, published in May by the JournalofMarketingResearch, analysed purchases made from a single large European retailer and found that free shipping did encourage customers to buy more. But it also increased purchases of items that historically have higher return rates, such as clothing or products from lesser-known brands. Thus, returns also increased as a result of the promotions, to the point where profits were erased.
In one part of the paper, during the typically four-week periods when free shipping was offered, online order volumes rose 11%. But when the cost of returns was compared with the sales proceeds(收入), the authors calculated that on balance the results for the promotion periods amounted to an average 0.7% loss.
In one analysis that ran for two months, the researchers found that the return rate for customers who bought low-risk products—like office supplies, or products from well-known brands—averaged about 22%.
In another analysis, the researchers attempted to better understand motivations of online shoppers by measuring their attitudes towards free shipping. They found two things were happening. First, consumers saw free shipping as compensation for taking a risk on a product. Second, feelings of gratitude for having shipping costs eliminated(消除) made them happy and thus more willing to make a risky purchase.
Prof.Neslin advises companies to look at whether their own free-shipping promotions are profitable before they launch such campaigns. Also, he advises companies to identify which products get returned more often than others and try to provide customers with more information about those products, so they can make more informed choices.
1.What erased the profits according to the first paragraph
A.The risky customers.
B.The European retailer.
C.The returned items.
D.The lesser-known brands.
2.What can we learn from the passage
A.Consumers risked purchasing a product when free shipping came along with it.
B.Free shipping encouraged customers to buy products from well-known brands.
C.Online order volumes rose only when free shipping was offered as compensation.
D.Purchases of office supplies also increased during the typically four-week periods.
3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
A.Low-risk products.
B.Return rates.
C.Increased purchases.
D.Free shipping.
B
(2021·湖北黄冈高三4月模拟)
An advance in electronic publishing could make the e-book you are reading seem as dated as a silent film. Publishers hope to explore the growing success of e-books by releasing versions with added soundtracks(电影原声音乐) and musical accompaniments.
The noise in the first multimedia books—released in Britain—include the rain hitting a window in a Sherlock Holmes tale. When the plot of a book reaches the most exciting part, background scores will create tension.
Supporters argue that sound effects are the next logical development for e-books and will add excitement for younger readers. Critics, however, will argue that the noise will ruin the simple pleasure of having the imagination stimulated by reading.
Caroline Michel, chief executive of the literary agency, said the new generation of computer-literate readers was used to multiple sensory input. She said,“Young people have split computer screens where they may be watching television and replying to an email at the same time. If that’s what the market wants then we should respond to the market.”
Booktrack’s sound effects work by estimating the user’s reading speed. Each time you “turn” a page, the software reassesses where you have reached in the text and times the sounds to switch on accordingly. If the soundtrack becomes out of sync(同步), a click on any word will reset it.
Some authors fear that a soundtrack could destroy the peace and quiet of libraries and ruin the pleasure of reading. David Nicholls, author of OurDay, the best-seller now released as a film, said, “This sounds like the opposite of reading. I have enough trouble reading an e-book because I’m constantly distracted by emails.”
Stuart MacBride sells 18% of his books as electronic downloads. He said,“If I’m reading, I will do the noise in my head. I don’t need someone to tell me what teacups clinking sounds like. That would irritate me.”
4.What do publishers expect an e-book soundtrack to do
A.Help to release an e-book as a film.
B.Help readers improve reading speed.
C.Add tension at a book’s exciting point.
D.Get readers familiar with the background.
5.Who is in favour of added soundtracks for e-books
A.Sherlock Holmes.
B.Caroline Michel.
C.David Nicholls.
D.Stuart MacBride.
6.What do we know about Stuart MacBride
A.He was a person who was easy to get angry.
B.He knew a great deal of tea.
C.Eighty-two percent of his books described crime.
D.He imagined sounds related to the story when reading.
7.What’sthemainideaofthepassage
A.Opinions about e-books with soundtracks.
B.Response to the need of the book market.
C.Reasons for traditional e-books becoming outdated.
D.Suggestions on encouraging readers’ imagination.
C
(2021·湖南长郡十五校高三联考)
For most people, graduation is an exciting day of the celebration of years of hard work. My graduation day was not.
I remember that weekend two years ago. Family and friends had flown in from across the country to attend the celebration. But just like everyone else in my class, I had watched the economy turn from bad to worse. What I thought would take a week dragged into two, and then four, and 100 job applications later, I found myself in the exact same spot as I was before. And the due date to begin paying back my student loan was drawing closer.
You know that feeling when you wake up in fear That feeling became a constant in my life. Days felt like weeks, weeks like months. And the most frustrating part was no matter how much I tried, I just couldn’t seem to make any progress.
So what did I do to maintain my sanity(理智) I decided to write. Something about putting words on a page made everything seem a little clearer—a little brighter. Something about writing gave me hope. And if you want something badly enough, sometimes a little hope is all you need! So I put my thoughts into a children’s book. And then one day, without any sort of writing degree or contacts in the writing world—just a lot of hard work and perseverance—I was offered a publishing contract for my first book! After that, things slowly began to fall into place. I was offered a second book deal. Then, a few months later, I got an interview and was hired shortly.
The moral of this story is... don’t give up. Even if things look bleak now, don’t give up. If you work hard, things will always get better. Oftentimes all we need is the courage to overcome difficulties.
8.From paragraph 2, we can learn that the author probably .
A.was having an exciting graduation
B.was getting into financial difficulties
C.missed the life in the university
D.had just applied for the student loan
9.How did the author change the frustrating situation
A.By sending applications.
B.By offering contracts.
C.By keeping writing.
D.By publishing books.
10.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “bleak” in the last paragraph
A.Unattractive. B.Hopeless.
C.Thrilling. D.Promising.
11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout
A.Success belongs to the persevering.
B.A contented mind is a permanent feast.
C.A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner.
D.Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.
考点分类练(七) 主旨大意题——文章大意类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现, 在线零售商长期以来一直通过免运费的方式来鼓励客户购买更多产品, 但这种方式可能会减少公司的利润。
1.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.” 可知, 促销的结果就是退货也增加了, 直到(退货过多)利润消失。故选C项。
2.A 解析:推理判断题。根据第四段的 “First,consumerssawfreeshippingascompensationfortakingariskonaproduct.” 可知, 消费者将免费送货视为对产品承担风险的补偿。由此可推断, 与免费送货一起的是消费者冒险购买产品。故选A项。
3.D 解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段 “Thepaper...analysedpurchasesmadefromasinglelargeEuropeanretailerandfoundthatfreeshippingdidencouragecustomerstobuymore.Butitalsoincreasedpurchasesofitemsthathistoricallyhavehigherreturnrates...Thus,returnsalsoincreasedasaresultofthepromotions,tothepointwhereprofitswereerased.” 中这些信息以及下文的分析可知, 本文主要讲述了免费送货确实刺激了消费者购买更多的商品, 但这种方式可能会减少公司的利润。也就是说, 文章主要围绕免费送货展开描述。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①(熟词生义)runv.持续; 延续
②low-riskadj.低风险的
③launchv.发起; 发动
重点语块
④onbalance 总的来说
⑤amountto 总计; 共计; 等于; 相当于
⑥makeariskypurchase 冒险购买
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了出版商希望通过发行带有配乐和音乐伴奏的版本来探索电子书的成功, 以及人们对此的不同看法。
4.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Whentheplotofabookreachesthemostexcitingpart,backgroundscoreswillcreatetension.” 可知, 当一本书的情节达到最激动人心的部分时, 背景音乐就会产生紧张感。由此推知, 出版商希望电子书的配乐能在书的激动人心之处增加紧张感。故选C项。
5.B 解析:推理判断题。根据第四段中CarolineMichel所说的 “Youngpeoplehavesplitcomputerscreenswheretheymaybewatchingtelevisionandreplyingtoanemailatthesametime.Ifthat’swhatthemarketwantsthenweshouldrespondtothemarket.” 可以推知,CarolineMichel赞成为电子书增加配乐。故选B项。
6.D 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段中StuartMacBride所说的 “IfI’mreading,Iwilldothenoiseinmyhead.Idon’tneedsomeonetotellmewhatteacupsclinkingsoundslike.Thatwouldirritateme.” 可知,StuartMacBride在阅读时能想象与故事相关的声音。故选D项。
7.A 解析:主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其根据第三段的 “Supportersarguethatsoundeffectsarethenextlogicaldevelopmentfore-booksandwilladdexcitementforyoungerreaders.” 以及第六段的 “Someauthorsfearthatasoundtrackcoulddestroythepeaceandquietoflibrariesandruinthepleasureofreading.” 可知, 本文主要介绍了人们对带有配乐的电子书的(不同)看法。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①datedadj.过时的; 陈旧的
②reassessv.重新考虑; 再次评价
③accordinglyadv.相应地; 因此
④releasev.发布; 公布
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在毕业后虽然经历失败和恐惧, 但他不放弃, 最终走出困境的励志故事。
8.B 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的 “WhatIthoughtwouldtakeaweekdraggedintotwo,andthenfour,and100jobapplicationslater,IfoundmyselfintheexactsamespotasIwasbefore.Andtheduedatetobeginpayingbackmystudentloanwasdrawingcloser.” 可知, 作者在毕业后难以找到工作, 而学生贷款的还款期限日益逼近。由此推知, 作者面临经济困难。故选B项。
9.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “SowhatdidIdotomaintainmysanity Idecidedtowrite.” 以及 “SoIputmythoughtsintoachildren’sbook.” 可知, 作者通过坚持写作来改变自己令人沮丧的处境。故选C项。
10.B 解析:词义猜测题。根据最后一段的 “Themoralofthisstoryis...don’tgiveup.Evenifthingslookbleaknow,don’tgiveup.” 可推知, 能够导致放弃的事情可能是无望的或者是糟糕的, 因此能够替换bleak的词应该是hopeless。故选B项。
11.A 解析:主旨大意题。根据作者描述的个人经历以及最后一段内容可知, 本文主要谈论的是 “成功属于坚韧不拔的人”。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①(熟词生义)constantn.常数; 常量
重点语块
②turnfrombadtoworse 每况愈下; 越来越糟
③duedate 到期日
④fallintoplace 明朗化; 清晰; 理出头绪
8考点分类练(十) 词句猜测题——词语猜测类
A
(2021·山东烟台高三诊断性测试)
One in five children starting primary school in the UK are overweight. By the time they leave school, that figure will rise to one in three. The chance of them being overweight in adulthood, which brings a range of associated health risks, is high, at 50%-75%.
The root cause of diet-related fatness is no secret: an energy imbalance between the quantity of food being consumed and the level of physical activity being conducted.Addressing this imbalance needs to be, in part, a review of our diet. More fresh ingredients(材料) especially fruit and vegetables, less processed foods and fewer additives(添加剂) are all important factors in building a balanced diet.
The Department of Health has recognised that a collective approach, rather than just individual behaviour change, is a successful way of achieving this. Universal adjustments like a blanket decrease in sugar content influence the way we eat through the choices available to us.
Applying this approach to school kitchens makes sense. They have an important role to play in maintaining healthy diets. Offering a school menu packed with fresh ingredients and without artificial additives makes a direct and effective impact on what children eat at school.
It’s an area the Soil Association consistently works to handle through its Food for Life programme—working with schools to transform food culture, improve food education and encourage lasting changes to the way schools think about food. It works. In Food for Life schools, pupils are a third less likely to eat no fruit or vegetables than those in the control schools.
One way for schools to get involved is a Food for Life Served Here award, which means at least 75% of dishes are prepared on site using fresh ingredients. It encourages local seasonal produce and requires a commitment to environmentally friendly produce. At its heart, the award is designed to support health and enhance food understanding.
Over 50% of English primary schools have such an award, already, serving around 1.7 million meals each day to over 10,000 schools and it’s a figure we’ll see grow.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“Addressing”inparagraph2mean
A.Tackling. B.Ignoring.
C.Maintaining. D.Postponing.
2.Which approach will work for students to build a balanced diet
A.Stopping them eating alone in schools.
B.Getting them aware of the harm of fatness.
C.Ensuring healthy recipes on school menus.
D.Increasing the availability and flavour of food.
3.What can we say about the Food for Life programme
A.It’s a heavy load on schools.
B.It’s complicated to operate.
C.It’s a temporary project.
D.It’s a fruitful attempt.
4.Which type of food may the Food for Life Served Here award promote
A.Sugary snacks.
B.First-class sausages.
C.High-quality imported beef.
D.Freshly picked organic beans.
B
(2021·江西南昌高三教学质量检测)
Perhaps thousands of people have searched for a bronze chest full of gold and jewels hidden in the Rocky Mountains between Santa Fe and the Canadian border hidden by a millionaire adventurer. At least four people died in their search for the treasure.
But it’s all over now. Fenn’s Treasure has been found. The 89-year-old adventurer named Forrest Fenn, who created the treasure hunt, announced the news via his website.“I don’t know the person who found it, but the poem in my book led him to the precise spot,” Fenn wrote,“The treasure was confirmed by a photograph the lucky finder sent me.”
Forrest Fenn, the man who started the hunt, lives in Santa Fe. He was a pilot in the Vietnam War and later accumulated(积累) his wealth as a dealer in art and antiques. Fenn was diagnosed(诊断) with cancer in 1988 and had planned to die peacefully in the woods with his treasure. But when his cancer became less serious, he changed his plan, eventually writing the poem that described his dream resting place, which is where he hid the treasure. The poem appeared in a memoir called TheThrilloftheChase. Fenn said that the chest wouldn’t be found by accident; only a treasure hunter who correctly interpreted the clues would find it.
Several treasure hunters went missing while attempting to find the chest, including hunter Jeff Murphy and Mike Petersen, both of whom went missing in Yellowstone National Park in 2017. Fenn said that he had never been to that park, and that the treasure was not in a dangerous place.“It was in the thick forest of the Rocky Mountains and had not been moved from the spot where I hid it more than 10 years ago,” Fenn wrote on his website. It is illegal to remove anything from a national park, which would cause trouble in legally claiming the treasure if it was found there.
5.What contributed to the finding of the treasure
A.Fenn’s announcement.
B.A poem in Fenn’s book.
C.Fenn’s vivid description.
D.A photo on Fenn’s website.
6.What is the third paragraph mainly about
A.Who Forrest Fenn was.
B.Where Fenn hid the treasure.
C.How the treasure hunt began.
D.What Fenn did to find the treasure.
7.What can we learn about “Fenn’s Treasure”
A.It was in Yellowstone National Park.
B.It was found by someone by chance.
C.It was moved from one place to another.
D.It was in Fenn’s chosen resting place.
8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“claiming”inthelastparagraphprobablymean
A.Taking. B.Burying.
C.Protecting. D.Acknowledging.
C
(2021·江西萍乡高三第二次模拟)
The spot of red was what first caught Randy Heiss’s attention on December 16. He walked towards it and found a balloon attached to a piece of paper.
“Dayami,” it read on one side, in a child’s writing. It was a Christmas wish list, all in Spanish. He suspected that a child had tried to send a wish list by balloon, something he used to do himself when he was a kid. And he wondered whether he could find the child.
It would be difficult, but based on the prevailing(盛行的) wind, Heiss was pretty sure where it came from—just across the border, the city of Nogales, Mexico. Heiss then posted about his quest on the website, attaching photos, hoping someone might know the girl’s family.
A few days passed with no leads. Heiss worried that time was running out before Christmas. On December 19, he sent a private message to Radio XENY, a radio station based in Nogales. The next morning, Heiss awoke to a message from Radio XENY: They had located Dayami, an eight-year-old girl, and her family, who indeed lived in Nogales.“It just changed my entire day,” said Heiss. Having bought just about everything on Dayami’s list, Heiss and his wife, at the Radio XENY, met the family.
“It was a beautiful and healing experience for us...” Heiss said, “Since our only son died ten years ago, being around children at Christmas time has been absent in our lives.” Heiss said.“We now have friends for life. And, for a day, that border fence with its wire melted away.”
9.What did Heiss find on December 16
A.A Christmas wish list from a child.
B.A mass of grassland.
C.A letter addressed to him.
D.A beautiful red balloon.
10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“leads”inparagraph4probablymean
A.Examples. B.Clues.
C.Suggestions. D.Plans.
11.What message does the text intend to convey
A.Love knows no borders.
B.A bold attempt is half success.
C.We should help those who help themselves.
D.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
考点分类练(十) 词句猜测题——词语猜测类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为帮助学生建立均衡饮食, 英国的小学所采取的一系列方法。
1.A 解析:词义猜测题。画线词所在句之后的 “Morefreshingredientsespeciallyfruitandvegetables,lessprocessedfoodsandfeweradditivesareallimportantfactorsinbuildingabalanceddiet.” 讲的是解决不均衡的办法。由此推断, 画线词在此处的意思是 “解决”。故选A项。
2.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Offeringaschoolmenupackedwithfreshingredientsandwithoutartificialadditivesmakesadirectandeffectiveimpactonwhatchildreneatatschool.” 可知, 确保学校菜单上有健康的食谱可以帮助学生建立均衡的饮食。故选C项。
3.D 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段的 “InFoodforLifeschools,pupilsareathirdlesslikelytoeatnofruitorvegetablesthanthoseinthecontrolschools.” 可知,FoodforLifeprogramme是一次卓有成效的尝试。故选D项。
4.D 解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的 “OnewayforschoolstogetinvolvedisaFoodforLifeServedHereaward,whichmeansatleast75%ofdishesarepreparedonsiteusingfreshingredients.” 可知, 学校参与其中的一种方式是提供一种奖励, 这意味着至少75%的菜肴是现场用新鲜食材制作的。也就是说, 该奖推广的是新鲜食物。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①(熟词生义)chancen.可能性
②collectiveadj.集体的; 共同的; 总体的
重点语块
③inpart 在某种程度上; 部分地
④atleast 至少
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。众多寻宝人寻找多年的宝藏最终被找到了, 藏宝人ForrestFenn通过自己的网页发布了这个消息。
5.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段Fenn所说的 “Idon’tknowthepersonwhofoundit,butthepoeminmybookledhimtotheprecisespot” 可知, 是Fenn书里面的一首诗促成了宝藏的发现。故选B项。
6.C 解析:段落大意题。通读该段内容可知, 本段主要讲述了ForrestFenn的个人经历以及他是如何将宝藏隐藏起来让别人寻找的。故选C项。
7.D 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的 “Butwhenhiscancerbecamelessserious,hechangedhisplan,eventuallywritingthepoemthatdescribedhisdreamrestingplace,whichiswherehehidthetreasure.” 可知,Fenn的宝藏在他选择的安息之所。故选D项。
8.A 解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前文 “Itisillegaltoremoveanythingfromanationalpark...” 可知, 从国家公园带走任何东西都是违法的, 因此 “...whichwouldcausetroubleinlegallyclaimingthetreasureifitwasfoundthere.” 这一部分应表示 “如果宝藏在国家公园被发现的话, 想要合法地带走宝藏就会引起不少麻烦”。由此可知, 画线词意为 “带走, 拿走”。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①(熟词生义)chestn.(常为木制的)大箱子
②interpretv.诠释; 说明
重点语块
③bediagnosedwith... 被诊断患有……
④gomissing 失踪; 走丢
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。RandyHeiss偶然拾到了一个邻国女孩的愿望清单, 之后努力找到了这个女孩, 并且帮其实现了圣诞愿望。这个暖心的故事告诉我们: 爱没有边界。
9.A 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Hewalkedtowardsitandfoundaballoonattachedtoapieceofpaper.” 以及第二段的 “...itreadononeside,inachild’swriting.ItwasaChristmaswishlist,allinSpanish.” 可知,Heiss发现了一个气球, 上面附着一个孩子用西班牙语写的圣诞节愿望清单。故选A项。
10.B 解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段的 “Heissthenpostedabouthisquestonthewebsite,attachingphotos,hopingsomeonemightknowthegirl’sfamily.” 和第四段的 “HeissworriedthattimewasrunningoutbeforeChristmas.” 可知, 画线词所在句意为 “几天过去了, 没有任何线索”。故选B项。
11.A 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Wenowhavefriendsforlife.And,foraday,thatborderfencewithitswiremeltedaway.” 可知, 文章想表达爱没有边界。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】
重点语块
①catchone’sattention 引起某人的注意
②ononeside 在一边; 在一旁
③meltaway(使)慢慢消失
8考点分类练(十二) 词句猜测题——句意理解类
A
(2021·浙江6月高考模拟)
Every culture has a recognised point when a child becomes an adult, when rules must be followed and tests must be passed.
In China, although teenagers can get their ID cards at 16, many only see themselves as an adult when they are 18. In the US, the main step to the freedom of adult life is learning to drive. At 16, American teens take their driving test. When they have their license, they drive into the grown-up world.
“Nobody wants to ride the bus to school,” said Eleanor Fulham, 17. She remembered the pressure.“It’s like you’re not cool if you don’t have a car,” she said.
According to recent research, 41% of 16 to 19-year-olds in the US own cars, up from 23% in 1985. Although, most of these cars are bought by parents, some teens get part-time jobs to help pay.
Not all families can afford cars for their children. In cities with subways and limited parking, some teenagers don’t want them. But in rich suburban areas without subways, and where bicycles are more for fun than transportation, it is strange for a teenager not to have a car.
But the police say 16-year-olds have almost three times more accidents than 18 to 19-year-olds. This has made many parents pause before letting their kids drive.
Julie Sussman decided that her son Chad, 15, will wait until he is 17 to apply for his learner’s permit.
Chad said he had accepted his parents’ decision, although it had caused some teasing from his friends.“They say that I am unlucky,” he said,“But I’d rather be alive than driving, and I don’t really trust my friends on the road, either.”
In China as more families get cars, more 18-year-olds learn to drive.
1.Which may serve as the best title of the article
A.Cars helping you to grow up
B.Driving into the grown-up world
C.Teenagers’ driving in America
D.Recognised points of becoming an adult
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemean
A.He might run into his friends if he drove.
B.He didn’t agree with his friends.
C.He might not be safe if his friends drove.
D.He was afraid that his friends might well lie to him
3.The passage mainly gives information about .
A.an American culture
B.a cultural difference between America and China
C.a change in the Chinese culture
D.the relationship between driving and a person’s development
B
(2021·吉林高三第三次调研)
The 90-minute long game involves two goals, black and white checkered balls, goalkeeper, and no hand use. This sport, of course, is soccer or football, as the majority of the rest of the world says. It’s confusing that some countries call this sport “football” while Americans and Canadians say “soccer”, but apparently the British are mostly to blame.
The name confusion was actually thanks to British universities in the early 1800s who tried standardising various sports games that had different rules and regulations to distinguish between them, according to a paper by Stefan Szymanski, a professor of sports economics at the University of Michigan.
Rugby, formerly known as “rugby football” or “rugger”, is a translation of “football” where you can use your hands. Soccer, originally “association football” or “asoccer”, is the traditional translation of “football” where people don’t use their hands. People in England started shortening the names by dropping the “association” part of the phrase as well as the “a” in “asoccer”.If your head hurts from thinking about this, prepare to have your mind blown by these things you probably never thought about—until just now.
Now comes the complexity: in 1869, two colleges held the first traditional, recorded, football game using a unique combination of rules from both rugby and soccer, creating what we know as “American football” and what other countries refer to as “gridiron”. Thanks to the popularity of American football, soccer players in America keep to “soccer” to help distinguish themselves.
If the name “soccer” stuck in Britain, and if Americans came up with a better one for American football, there would be much less confusion. So why did the “football” short kind of “association football” become more popular than “soccer” in England anyway Originally, American influence on Britain during World War Ⅱ made “soccer” the popular term in England before the 1980s. Once the sport became more popular in the United States around that time, the British stopped using “soccer”.
4.What caused the name confusion in the early 1800s
A.Game time.
B.Sports rules.
C.Ball popularity.
D.News organisations.
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninparagraph3
A.The name confusion is becoming stronger.
B.You cannot use your hands while playing games.
C.The names make it more difficult for people to understand.
D.Making the best of the head in the sports is extremely vital.
6.In which of the following do the two belong to the same one
A.“Rugby” and “Soccer”.
B.“Rugger” and “American football”.
C.“American football” and “Gridiron”.
D.“Gridiron” and “Association football”.
C
(2021·吉林长春高三期末)
Why do we like drinking water from plastic bottles Some people think it is healthy and clean. Others drink bottled water because it’s easy—you can carry it around with you. In hot countries, like Greece, we often buy bottles of cold water in summer.
However, making lots of plastic is not a good idea for many reasons. First of all, we need a lot of oil for plastic products. We usually use oil as a source of energy. If we reduced the number of bottles we made, we wouldn’t need so much oil. Plastic bottles also pollute the environment. If we reused all our plastic bottles, we wouldn’t need so much space for rubbish dumps. But in Greece, we don’t reuse much of the plastic we use. In 2006, Greeks reused only about 10% of plastic waste. The rest became rubbish on land and in rivers and seas.
So next time you want to throw away a plastic bottle in the litter bin, stop and think. If you reuse it, you will help the environment. But what can you do when there isn’t a bin near you Well, there are lots of useful ways that you can use your bottles again. For example, an empty bottle makes a great piggy bank for your pocket money, and if you cut a bottle in half, you will have a plant pot.Go green! You can make a difference.
7.What is not mentioned about bottled water in this passage
A.It’s healthy. B.It’s clean.
C.It’s easy. D.It’s expensive.
8.Plastic products are made from .
A.energy B.oil
C.rubbish D.plants
9.Which is the best way to deal with used plastic bottles
A.To reuse them.
B.To make a piggy bank.
C.To make a plant pot.
D.To drop them into the river.
10.Theunderlinedpartinthispassagetellsus“ ”.
A.To make a different life, you’d better go outside
B.To look different, you’d better wear green clothes
C.To protect the environment, you can do something
D.To go green, you should use plastic products
考点分类练(十二) 词句猜测题——句意理解类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国的一种文化现象——让孩子通过拿驾照的方式使他们意识到自己已经是成年人了。
1.B 解析:标题归纳题。通读全文可知, 文章主要介绍了一种现象, 即通过让孩子学会开车并拿到驾照的方式使他们明白自己是成年人了。故选B项。
2.C 解析:句意理解题。根据画线句前面的ButI’dratherbealivethandriving可以看出, 他对朋友们的驾驶技术没有信心。故选C项。
3.A 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段以及后文内容可知, 文章主要介绍了在美国让孩子通过拿驾照的方式使其意识到自己是成年人了这一现象, 这体现了一种文化。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】
重点语块
①arecognisedpoint 公认的观点
②themainsteptothefreedom 迈向自由的主要步骤
③takeone’sdrivingtest 参加驾驶考试
精彩句式
④Notallfamiliescanaffordcarsfortheirchildren.
并非所有家庭都能为他们的孩子买得起车。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同的国家, 尤其是英美两国对于足球命名比较混淆的由来。
4.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知, 是运动规则导致了名字的混淆。故选B项。
5.A 解析:句意理解题。通读第三段内容可知, 此段描述了根据是否使用手来命名的复杂过程, 而第四段介绍了足球根据新规则命名的复杂过程。由此推知, 画线句的意思是 “命名过程愈加混乱了”。故选A项。
6.C 解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Nowcomesthecomplexity:in1869,twocollegesheldthefirsttraditional,recorded,footballgameusingauniquecombinationofrulesfrombothrugbyandsoccer,creatingwhatweknowas ‘Americanfootball’ andwhatothercountriesrefertoas ‘gridiron’.”可知,Americanfootball和gridiron都是指美式足球。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①apparentlyadv.显然
②standardisev.使标准化
③economicsn.经济学
④formerlyadv.从前; 以前
⑤originallyadv.原来; 起初
⑥combinationn.结合; 混合; 联合
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了瓶装水的好处, 但也指出瓶装水使用了大量的塑料, 塑料废弃后会对环境造成污染, 建议人们更多地重复使用塑料瓶。
7.D 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Somepeoplethinkitishealthyandclean.Othersdrinkbottledwaterbecauseit’seasy—youcancarryitaroundwithyou.” 可知, 文中提到有人认为瓶装水健康、干净而且容易携带。但文章没有提到它很贵。故选D项。
8.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Firstofall,weneedalotofoilforplasticproducts.” 可知, 要生产塑料制品需要使用石油。故选B项。
9.A 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Ifwereusedallourplasticbottles,wewouldn’tneedsomuchspaceforrubbishdumps.” 可知, 重新使用塑料瓶是处理塑料污染最好的方法。
10.C 解析:句意理解题。根据画线部分前面的内容可知, 我们可以用多种方法重复使用塑料瓶, 减少对环境的污染。也就是说, 如果我们人人努力, 就可以对保护环境起到作用。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①sourcen.来源
②environmentn.环境
重点语块
③plasticbottles 塑料瓶
④pocketmoney 零花钱
精彩句式
⑤Sonexttimeyouwanttothrowawayaplasticbottleinthelitterbin,stopandthink.
所以下次你想把塑料瓶扔进垃圾箱时, 停下来想一想。
7考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
A
(2021·山东淄博一模)
Several years ago, when someone used camera covers to protect against possible monitoring, it was not popular to talk about it. Today, people use various types of tapes to cover the web cameras and microphones.
There are many types of spyware that can dive into our devices and secretly spy on them, recording everything they do. Such programmes may infect not only computers but also smartphones. Your data may be used by hackers who will try to request money for not exposing your private information or by companies like NSO Group who created a kind of spyware to “provide authorised governments with technology that helps struggle against terror and crime”.
In my opinion, the protection technique is highly overestimated. Users tape the cameras and microphones through lack of understanding of how their devices work and how the malware(恶意软件) works. Hackers and even secret services do not have enough resources to monitor all victims using the cameras or microphones. If they need to get any information, they get it by sending a targeted virus to your device, which will not be stopped by the tapes. Such a virus will find what to steal—from personal photos and videos to passwords from social networks, browser history, bank accounts and so on.
It is unwise to believe that attackers will not be able to find a way to spy on you, even if the device, discharged to zero, can still deliver data about your location, using the smartphones of the surrounding people as signal repeaters. Let us face it: we live in an era when it is extremely difficult to hide something and a piece of tape is clearly not the most useful tool in the struggle for your privacy.
Again, to be able to spy on you, attackers need to plant the malware in your device. To prevent the malware from entering your device, do not click suspected links and email attachments. Use strong passwords for email, social media and online bank accounts.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto
A.Cameras. B.Types.
C.Programmes. D.Devices.
2.What is NSO Group
A.A group of hackers.
B.A company developing spyware.
C.A group of terrorists and criminals.
D.A company fighting against crime.
3.Why does the author think “the protection technique is highly overestimated”
A.People know little about their devices.
B.Hackers have no access to others.
C.It hardly prevents the malware from getting privacy.
D.It can’t cover the cameras completely.
B
(2021·安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测)
Ever since she received a little toy airliner as a birthday gift, Kate has been attracted by flight. From flying remote-controlled airplanes to building her own model ones, Kate has always considered flying a plane one of her passions, but only until recently has she been able to take that to new heights.
When Kate heard about the Upwind Scholarship from her school counselor, she knew it was an extraordinary opportunity to realise her dream. The programme’s mission is to provide all the training necessary to obtain a private pilot’s license (PPL) for students in between their junior and senior year of high school free of charge.
After completing a lengthy application and her subsequent acceptance into the programme, Kate began her training last spring. Normally, recipients of the scholarship would attend ground school in person where they learn the fundamentals of flying. Due to the pandemic, however, Kate spent hours each weekend studying online lessons in her room whenever she got a break from homework. Once summer came around, Kate and three peers put in two straight weeks of ground school, reviewing flight training from nine to five every day.“It was the toughest part of the programme,” Kate said.
After completing that portion of ground school, Kate was finally able to begin flying at the San Carlos Airport with the other scholarship recipients from around the Bay Area. Flying, especially for first-timers like Kate, is a hands-on process involving lots of checklists to make sure the important tasks are being taken care of.
Now, having finished the programme and earned her PPL, Kate plans on training as a flight instructor and hopes to become an airline pilot in her future.
She credits the Upwind Scholarship for all she’s been able to accomplish so far and hopes that anyone who shares her passion will look into it.“It is a very hard scholarship to win, and you have to be truly interested in flight,” Kate said.“It can’t be something like ‘Oh, why don’t I try flying this summer ’ You have to be ready to do a lot of work and put effort into succeeding in the programme.”
4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph1referto
A.Her skill of building model airplanes.
B.Her wish to travel around the world.
C.Her childhood dream of becoming a pilot.
D.Her desire to fly remote-controlled airplanes.
5.What is the goal of the Upwind Scholarship
A.To help students in need to achieve their dreams.
B.To provide necessary training for private pilots for free.
C.To give students expert advice on earning a scholarship.
D.To prepare high school students to become a private pilot.
6.What did Kate do in ground school
A.She took online lessons on flying.
B.She went over the fundamentals of flying.
C.She did some research into the pandemic.
D.She finished applying for the programme.
7.Which of the following best describes Kate
A.Confident and aggressive.
B.Strong-willed and patient.
C.Demanding and courageous.
D.Ambitious and hard-working.
C
(2021·河北秦皇岛二模)
Every four or five years, vast quantities of warm water build up along the west coast of South America. This phenomenon, El Ni o, creates storms that cause destructive floods. The result is costly.
Modern farmers come to terms with El Ni o. They use money saved in good years to rebuild in bad ones. But history suggests it need not be like that. In a paper published recently, Ari Caramanica, an archaeologist in Lima, shows how it used to be done. And the answer seems to be “better”.
Dr Caramanica and her colleagues have been studying the Pampa de Mocan, a coastal desert plain in northern Peru. It is not suitable for farming. Its soil contains little organic matter and the annual rainfall in non-Ni o years is usually less than two centimetres. Today’s farmers therefore depend on canals to carry water from local rivers to their fields.
It had been assumed that ancient farmers had a similar arrangement—and so they did. But Dr Caramanica also found eight canals that could carry water far beyond the range of modern farms. She thought that they were intended to guide the floodwaters arriving during Ni o years. Around a quarter of the ancient agricultural infrastructure of this area seemed to have been built only for managing Ni o-generated floodwaters.
Evidence from pollen supports this theory, revealing that the Pampa de Mocan produced lots of crops in some years, while remaining nearly barren in others. The team also uncovered two cisterns(蓄水箱) in the area serviced by the extended canals. These, probably, were used to store extra floodwaters.
These findings suggest that, rather than resisting El Ni o, early farmers in the Pampa de Mocan were ready to make use of it when it arrived. Modern farmers might do well to learn from them.
8.What does the recent study focus on
A.Living with El Ni o.
B.Effects of El Ni o.
C.Farming in the desert.
D.Water shortage in Peru.
9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inparagraph4referto
A.Ancient farmers. B.Rivers.
C.Farms. D.Canals.
10.What lesson can be learned from early farmers
A.Every advantage has its disadvantage.
B.In every difficulty lies an opportunity.
C.Sharp tools make good work.
D.It’s never too late to mend.
11.In which section of a website may this text appear
A.Education. B.Travel.
C.Business. D.Science.
考点分类练(十一) 词句猜测题——代词指代类
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是如何保护我们设备上的隐私。
1.D 解析:代词指代题。根据第二段的 “Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.” 可知, 有许多类型的间谍软件可以潜入我们的设备并秘密监视它们, 记录它们所做的一切。由此推知, 画线词them指代的是前面提到的devices。故选D项。
2.B 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段的 “...bycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedakindofspywareto ‘provideauthorisedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime’.” 可知, 这些公司为所授权的政府提供有助于打击恐怖行动和犯罪的科技。由此推断,NSOGroup是研发间谍软件的公司。故选B项。
3.C 解析:推理判断题。由题干信息可定位到文章第三段的首句, 根据第三段的 “Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedvirustoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandsoon.” 可知, 这种保护技术很难阻止恶意软件获取隐私。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①devicen.设备; 装置; 仪器
②exposev.暴露; 揭露; 显露
重点语块
③spyonsb 暗中监视, 窥探某人
④behighlyoverestimated 被过高估计
⑤bankaccounts 银行账户
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯特从小就爱好飞行, 并且为了实现成为一名飞行员的梦想所做出的努力。
4.C 解析:代词指代题。根据画线词前一句提到的Katehasalwaysconsideredflyingaplaneoneofherpassions和第二段开头提到itwasanextraordinaryopportunitytorealiseherdream可知, 凯特从小就爱好飞行, 驾驶飞机是她的梦想。由此推测,that指代 “她想成为一名飞行员的梦想”。故选C项。
5.D 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “Theprogramme’smissionistoprovideallthetrainingnecessarytoobtainaprivatepilot’slicense(PPL)forstudentsinbetweentheirjuniorandsenioryearofhighschoolfreeofcharge.” 可知, 它的目标是让高中生为成为一名私人飞行员做好准备。故选D项。
6.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的 “...recipientsofthescholarshipwouldattendgroundschoolinpersonwheretheylearnthefundamentalsofflying.” 和 “...Kateandthreepeersputintwostraightweeksofgroundschool,reviewingflighttraining...” 可知, 凯特在地面学校回顾飞行的基础知识。故选B项。
7.D 解析:推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的内容可推断, 凯特很有志向; 再由最后一段中凯特所说的话 “Itisaveryhardscholarshiptowin,andyouhavetobetrulyinterestedinflight...Youhavetobereadytodoalotofworkandputeffortintosucceedingintheprogramme.” 可知, 凯特为了获得奖学金很努力。由此推断, 凯特很有雄心壮志, 而且为了梦想非常努力。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】
重点语块
①freeofcharge 免费
②alengthyapplication 很长的申请
③inperson 亲自
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 文章介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。
8.A 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的 “ModernfarmerscometotermswithElNi o...Inapaperpublishedrecently...showshowitusedtobedone.Andtheanswerseemstobe ‘better’.” 可知, 最近的研究集中在与厄尔尼诺现象共存。故选A项。
9.D 解析:代词指代题。根据画线词前一句 “ButDrCaramanicaalsofoundeightcanalsthatcouldcarrywaterfarbeyondtherangeofmodernfarms.” 以及后面的wereintendedtoguidethefloodwatersarrivingduringNi oyears可知,Caramanica博士认为上文提到的八条运河是为了引洪。由此推知,they指代的是 “运河”。故选D项。
10.B 解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “Thesefindingssuggestthat,ratherthanresistingElNi o,earlyfarmersinthePampadeMocanwerereadytomakeuseofitwhenitarrived.” 可知, 当厄尔尼诺现象到来时, 早期农民并没有进行抵制, 而是做好了利用它的准备。由此推知, 我们可以从早期农民那里学到 “每一个困难中都蕴藏着机会” 这一道理。故选B项。
11.D 解析:推理判断题。通读文章可知, 在最近发表的一篇论文中, 一位考古学家展示了过去的农民是如何利用厄尔尼诺现象来帮助农业生产的, 而文章正是介绍了这一研究开展的过程以及发现。由此推知, 文章可能选自网站的 “科学” 版面。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】
必背单词
①destructiveadj.破坏性的
②uncoverv.发现
③extendedadj.延长了的; 扩展了的
重点语块
④cometotermswith... 与……达成协议, 妥协
⑤beyondtherangeof... 超出……的范围
⑥beintendedto... 旨在; 意图……
精彩句式
⑦Modernfarmersmightdowelltolearnfromthem.
现代农民不妨向他们学习。
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